FI119295B - Process for absorbing oil from watercourse surfaces and absorber - Google Patents

Description

119295

Method of impregnation of oil from water surface and impregnation device

The present invention relates to a method for impregnating oil from the surface of water bodies and to an impregnating device for uniformly applying the impregnating agent to the oil slab and to recovering and treating the oil-impregnating agent mixture.

10 - The term "oil" is used collectively to denote all water-leachable fluids present on the surface of water bodies that are harmful to the environment and to human beings, which can be leached off by the method and device according to the invention. for example, crude oil, heavy oil, light oil, diesel oil or the like.

- The absorbent is wood bark, peat, linen, feathers or any other lightweight material suitable for 15 porous absorption.

- The compounding agent is a mixture of absorbent and oil after the impregnation process and may contain more or less water, depending on the nature and properties of the absorbent.

- Mixture liquid is a pressurized fluid containing water and oil.

- "Water" shall mean an ocean, smaller ocean, lake, river or similar water body used for navigation or other waterborne traffic.

***** - The patent application uses the name "ship" in the text of the application, but the ··· V: impregnation method and device of the invention may be used in other watercraft, for example, oilers.

The rudder space in the stern of the ship is a technical space within which at least some of the device technology of the invention can be located in or near.

• Bunker tanks are fuel tanks on the underside of the ship that can be used to retrieve fuel or diesel oil that has been recovered and found to be useful for analysis, or alternatively, fuel for the ship in question. - or • * • * *! * as fuel for refuse incineration boilers.

30 - An interface sensor is a sensor floating on the water's surface next to a vessel that gives an alarm pulse if a significant amount of oil, for example, more than one millimeter, is encountered. contact with the sensor on the water surface. If the sensor alarm pulse continues to be emitted for a certain adjustable time, for example, 30 seconds, it can be assumed that the Oil Raft is quite large, whereby the automation will provide a control pulse that will actuate the oil suction devices of the invention.

5 - The float is a massive device floating on the surface of a water body that can be fitted with a float bar and a level regulator that controls the height position of the suction discharge channel according to the level of the water surface.

- The absorbent discharge channel is an interior hollow housing structure within which absorbent material under gravity and blowing of the transfer device flows downwardly, spreading 10 even layers beneath, on top of, and mixed with the surface portions of the water. In this patent application, the above-mentioned unloading channel is referred to as an alloy lifting channel when the transfer device draws the alloying agent back from the water surface onto the ship.

- The absorbent container is a waterproof container that is easy to lift and move in 15 lightweight and soft materials that can be lifted in or out of port by a crane. For the sake of clarity, this patent application is referred to as a reservoir of a mixture of the absorbent, an oil, and a water, when the container is used for suction using a transfer device.

- The transfer device is a blower, compressor or similar device for blowing the absorbent ____; 20 oil pan and suck the dopant back into the dip tank.

φ · - Spike mat is a cone-shaped mat, plate, or similar with a pointed tip, placed over a bottom plate with holes.

· *** · - The oil transfer tube is a tube from the top of the alloy liquid drainage basin that • directs lighter oil to the surface of the basin to the liquid handler, * * «· 25 where it removes residual water and solids.

- The tracer is a small pipe from the top of the alloy drainage basin, • · • * ·· that drains when the oil transfer pipe is clogged or water cannot penetrate ··· • ...: to exit back through the basin hole plate .

: '·. · - The dry state sensor gives an alarm and control pulse if the above signal line * · *: ··; After 30 minutes, liquid enters the overflow basin.

119295 - A tank bunker is a tank space made in connection with ship hull structures and steel beams, into which the absorbent tank can be lowered by means of a crane or the like.

- There may be multiple and multiple rows of bunkers and the height of the bunkers shall be dimensioned according to the structure of the ship and the end use of the tanks.

5

Worldwide, there are many oil spills in shipping. There is uncontrolled oil spillage on the surface of waterways when tanker leaks occur on ships or oil tankers, or when a vessel breaks down in a storm and, for example, breaks down in heavy seas. Smaller amounts of oil end up in surface water bodies when the oily bilge water is even deliberately pumped out of the ship. Large oil rafts are most damaging to nature, animals and humans when oil rafts are allowed to drift along the coasts where removal of crude oil and heavy oil, in particular, is extremely slow.

The method of absorbing oil from the water surface according to the present invention and the structure and function of the impregnation device aim to remove the oil from the water immediately after the discovery of the oil raft and so quickly that the oil raft does not drift as far as the coasts. Nowadays, oil spill vessels are widely used for the removal of oil from waterways, but in many cases the oil has already spread over a large area of water before the oil spill vessel and oil booms have been taken to the emergency site.

Of the prior art techniques within the scope of the invention, mention may be made. GB 1435343A, an oil recovery vessel equipped with a · · ... longitudinally dewatering device at each end so that the vessel • · ·! can be transported back and forth.

FR 2807005 AI is previously known from a ship having both ends e:., 25 open to allow a layer of oil on the surface of the water to enter the ship. The ends also have • · · · * · ·, **. on the ramp, the roof block limiting high waves as the oil / water mixture flows into the ship. The vessel ··· can also move back and forth.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate most of the present drawbacks. oil spill response activities in the Earth's waters and achieve the following benefits: • · ·; 30 - When a vessel equipped with an absorber according to the invention discharges itself • I · t · ....: accidental or deliberate release of oil into the water, the oil absorption system automatically • ·,. * starts and alarms, and if the absorber is manually deactivated, the cause must be explained to the supervisory authorities. For each Oil Spill Alert, information is transmitted to the International Monitoring Center as a Remote Alarm.

When a ship equipped with an absorber according to the invention dives on an oil rig caused by another vessel as it proceeds on its 5 normal routes, the absorber automatically starts and sucks the oil out of the water. If the owner of the ship in question is able to recover the recovered oil himself, he will be granted a legal right. By analyzing recovered oil quickly to determine the cause of the Oil Spill, 10 worldwide waterway legislation retains responsibility for the costs of oil suction to the emitter.

- The oil absorption method and the use of the impregnation device according to the invention achieve in the long term the purification of the earth's water bodies and the reduction of intentional oil discharge as well as economic savings in the procurement of actual oil recovery vessels and oil floating equipment.

An essential advantage of the oil absorption method and the impregnation device according to the invention is that the oil is quickly detected and sucked out of the water after the spill and immediately begins to filter, purify and separate the water for discharge into the water and recover the oil. 20 bunkers for tanks for immediate use, either as ship fuel • · ... or as heating fuel in ship fuel oil boilers or as support fuel for ship • * ·.! Dust combustion in the boiler.

• ·, · · ·. - In the long term, the world's waterways are constantly deteriorating • · ···:. ·. so the construction of the impregnation device according to the invention, • · · ··· ·. · · ·, 25 for example, ships over 100 meters long are required by law.

··· • * · .. An additional benefit of installing absorbent containers on ships may be crew and; Increased passenger safety, as the ship is at risk of sinking in a storm, · · ·, · *: can first blow off absorbent material from, for example, two meters, • 30 cm and then lift the transfer device with tanks and dampers. . ', including the connecting elements, so that people who want to secure the openings in the tanks • * ·· • · 5 119295 descend into the tanks, after which the tanks are lifted by crane to the surface of the water and the lifting cables are removed from the crane side. At the ends of the abovementioned lifting cables, floats that hold lifting loops above the water surface are already ready, so that the tanks can be taken on tow by another ship coming from near by in the stormy sea.

5 A heavy-duty helicopter can also lift a tank of a certain weight from the surface of a water body and move it to safety, for example on the deck of a ship, whereby the absorbent at the bottom of the tank acts as a shock-absorbing material. The container and absorbent are lightweight enough to safely float the tank and its rescuers for several days in a storm when the vents are closed with tight hatches with 10 vented pipes. The tank element cover with lifting lugs is always in place so that, if necessary, a cargo vessel with a large crane can lift an entire tank element from the water surface up to the cargo vessel deck. If small amounts of water are allowed to enter the tank through the hatches, the water will be absorbed into the absorbent at the bottom of the tank and the people at the top of the tank will still have reasonably good conditions. 15 If necessary, the cover of the tank element can be equipped so that it is easier to get on the lifeboat's rope ladder than, for example, from a rubber raft. Absorption tanks shall be designed so as to be able to replace, in whole or in part, traditional lifeboats and life-rafts, depending on the ship's crew and the number of passengers.

. 20 As the ship's crew, passenger numbers and intended use change, some of the • · ... absorbent containers may be used to store and transfer other materials, for example * »·.! non - combustible ship - generated waste material or the like.

The oil absorption method and the impregnation device according to the invention are described in the following. ·, By way of example, by referring to the reference numbers in Annex 1, and · · · ··· ·, ···. 25 and the following drawings: ···., FIG. 1 illustrates a ship having an oil absorber according to the invention in the rear of this embodiment. Reference numerals 1 through 7 designate the parts of the ship to which the impregnation method is applied. In addition, the letters are denoted by those which are relevant to the use of the method according to the invention.

• ♦ ·· • ♦ • ♦ · • · 119295 6 FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section of the stern of the ship in which most of the means required by the impregnation method according to the invention are located in this embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows a transverse section C-C of the stern of the ship at the bunkers of the impregnating agent.

5. 4 shows a transverse section D-D of the stern of the ship at the discharge channels for the absorbent material.

FIG. 5 is a top plan view of an absorbent reservoir element. The reservoir element consists of an interconnected absorbent reservoir, a lid and an absorbent transfer device mounted thereon with ducts and shut-off valves.

10. 6 shows a vertical sectional view of the absorbent agent reservoir element A-A at the absorbent suction channel, (blowing step).

FIG. 7 shows a vertical sectional view of the B-B alloy container element at the alloy pressure port. Alloy component recovery step.

The oil absorption method of the invention will now be described with reference to the above drawings, FIG. 1 to FIG. 7. This exemplary embodiment illustrates the application of the invention to a ship which is generally constructed for waterborne traffic on the seas and other large bodies of water.

FIG. 1 outlines the main principles of the oil absorption method as well as the alarm and 20 control functions as follows: * "* · * At pl, near the ship's side wall (section D - D), the floating interface • · ·: Sensor 8 detects the oil platform and alarms the ship's bridge: * · · The control center and the International Center for Remote Alarm Control.

• · · • • • • • •; *: 25 If the interface sensor 8 alarm pulse continues to be emitted for a set, adjustable time, • · · ·: * * *: for example, 30 seconds, the following control functions will be triggered through the control command 1 on the ship's bridge: • · • * ·· - The ship's main engines in engine room 2 move to idle speed and the ship's speed begins to * * :: :: slow down to the low speed at which absorbent application is effected.

: * ·. I 30 - The propellers 4 of the main engines of the ship rotate at low speeds, whereby the turbulence of the surface of the water • · *: * * * is substantially reduced and the absorbent is uniformly distributed: ·. oil platform.

- · · • · 119295 7 - The rudder 5 or rudders of the ship are locked in a position allowing the ship to travel straight forward to endpoint p2.

When the ship has reached low speed, the drive motor 27 of the absorbent transfer device 26 starts automatically and the transfer device 26 begins to blow 5 absorbent agents through the discharge channels 15 into the oil raft floating on the surface of the water body.

At the end point, or stopping point p2, the absorbent reservoirs are emptied of impulse to the control center of the bridge 1, which activates the following control functions: 10

The rudder 5 or rudders of the ship are engaged in a position such that the ship is moving backwards in the same line as had previously traveled during the application stage of absorbent material 15.

The locking elements 24,29,33 and 34 of the absorbent reservoir elements are moved to positions (A = open / K = closed) such that the transfer device 26 begins to suck back the floating mixture (absorbent + oil + water) floating on the surface of the water. absorbent containers, now known as:: · · · 20 are called Alloy Containers 20.

: (: - The infiltration system control center automatically reverses the ship as long as • · • '·· alloying tanks 20 become available and the reverse gear engages

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:: automatically or manually off when the dopant is no longer contained in the tanks.

The transfer device 26 is dimensioned so that it cannot absorb plain water, which is significantly heavier than the alloying agent. It shall be possible for the ship's crew to engage automatic operation; 1 · .. control off if the position of the ship, the route or the weather conditions are such that: 1 '1: the use of an oil suction method is not safe. Manual absorption of devices of the impregnation method: even in the event of malfunctions of the devices according to the invention.

• · 1 • · 30 • 1 • · · * · • · 119295 s

FIG. 1 is the length of the ship and, taking into account the structure of the ship, the location of the floating interface sensor 8, the level regulator 12 and 5 of the absorbent discharge channel 15 on each ship is intended.

L1 is the maximum distance, depending on the weight of the ship, structures and idling speed of the main engines' propellers 4, during which the transfer means 26 are able to blow the absorbent reservoirs 20 empty, i.e. the volume of the absorbent reservoirs 20 and the capacity of the transfer means 26.

H1, H2, H3 are dimensions of the ship's height and must be known on a ship-by-ship basis to determine the height ratios and other dimensions of the sensor floats 9, float bars 10, level adjusters 12 and suction means discharge channel 15. D1 and D2 are the projections of the ship in question at maximum and minimum loads and affect the sizing and design of the suction method and suction devices of the invention.

FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 illustrates the arrangement of the device in the stern of the ship shown by one embodiment of the method of the invention as follows:

FIG. 3 shows a total of four absorbent tank bunkers 45, two of which in the middle 20 are provided with absorbent tank elements with tanks 20. The tank bunkers 45 may have more or less and more rows. The tanks 20 may be low or ·· • '·· high depending on the structure and other needs of each ship.

According to the invention, it is essential that the tank bunkers 45 are open upwards so that the entire tank element 25 can be lifted in and out of the crane by a crane or the like. for example, in a port for a transport vehicle. Depending on the properties of the alloying agent, it may: * .. be processed by ship using the m # # i treatment method described below in this patent application, or alternatively, it may be transferred from the ship in alloying containers 20. j and transported for disposal to, for example, a hazardous waste facility or the like.

It is possible, under certain conditions, to build tank bunkers 45 on existing ships, making them better adapted to the ship's basic structures, but primarily suitable for building on new ships.

FIG. Fig. 4 shows a total of four absorbent discharge channels 15, the two middle 5 being drawn in a discharge position with the water level at H2. In the case of impregnation, the continuously adjustable discharge ducts 15 are always raised above the water level when there is no need for the suction or dewatering suction so that they do not cause flow resistance to the vessel's advancement.

FIG. 4 is a dotted dashed line of impregnating agent blowing tubing 18 which operates in a spring-dependent manner as a result of moving the impregnating agent discharge channel 15 in the vertical direction.

FIG. 4 is a dashed line deploying transfer means 14 for raising and lowering the discharge channels 15 according to the impulses of the surface level regulators 12 to the height required by the current operating situation.

15

FIG. 2, FIG. 5, FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the detailed structures and technical operation of the devices and devices for the absorption method according to the invention are explained as follows:

FIG. 2 illustrates a floating float 9 floating on the water surface of a body which is secured to a floating rod 10 rising through the guide tube 11 to the ship's aft deck 7 and associated with the operation of the level regulator 12 in this example. the part moves continuously according to the level of the water and when the central part of the level control 12 is activated due to the oil raft, the transfer channel 14 begins to transfer the absorbent material through the transfer flanges 13 or the like * · · • * * · · · * 25, the lower edges of the floats 9 and the lower edges of the unloading channels 15 are always in the same horizontal plane. The lower part of the discharge channels 15 is • t · "preferably beveled so that the absorbent can escape from the mouth of the channel. · * Oil pan. In the compound collecting and suction phase, the perforated • · :: rear wall of the discharge channels allows water to drain through the compound as the lighter moves through the transfer device * * * *: 30 26 suction upward to the compound lift channel 15. In this embodiment, a floating interface sensor 8 is mounted • · 119295 10 is exposed to a significant amount of oil, such as an oil slick greater than one millimeter thick, the interface sensor 8 is activated and gives an alarm pulse to the automation center on the ship's bridge 1. If the oil raft is so wide that the interface sensor 8 still emits an alarm pulse after a time limit, e.g. 30 seconds, set at the automation center, the control functions of the invention shown on page 7 of this specification, one of which is actuation of the drive motor 27

In the figures FIG. 2, FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 shows the following device functions immediately following the above-mentioned start-up: 10 Alloy suction duct shutter 32 and alloy pressure duct shutter 34 are closed (K) and suction suction duct shutter 24 and suction pressure duct shutter 29 open (A) through suction suction 22 and blowing the impregnating agent through the pressure channel 28 and the impregnating agent blowing pipe 18 into the discharge channel 15, at the bottom of which the impregnating agent descends as a flat, wide zone 15 into the oil platform, whereupon the impregnating agent begins to absorb oil and float. The impregnating agent blowing step lasts as long as the impregnating agent reservoirs 20 contain impregnating agent and, when it is complete, the drive motors 27 of the transfer means 26 stop.

After all, the absorber is blown from the tanks to the 20 oil plates and the ship has slipped *: **: 20 in FIG. 1 at stopping point p2 with the main engines idling, the ship's reverse gear engaged automatically or manually, and the ship ·· | * ·. when reversing, the control center of the impregnation system according to the invention activates the following functions in the tank element apparatuses of FIG. 7: i · ii i - Absorbent suction duct damper 24 and pressure duct damper 29 • · «* · .. * 25 close (K® closed) and alloy suction duct damper 32 and pressure duct damper 34 open (A = open), thereby transferring device 26 sucks the diluent from the surface of the water through the duct 15 of the diluent, the suction duct 18 of the diluent and the suction duct 31 of the diluent, and blows the diluent through the duct 33 • · ·. ** to the diluent reservoir 20.

** * 30 - The alloy transfer device 26 works for as long as the alloy agent is present in the water j * * .. from the water surface entering the mouth of the lifting channel 15 and the transfer device 26 only stops when only water of sufficient weight and specific gravity is sucked , that it does not rise in the lifting passage 15 to the height of the connecting element 17. According to the invention, the transfer device 26 stops automatically at the impulse of the water level switch, but alternatively the transfer device 26 can be engaged for manual operation.

5 The type, design and construction of the connecting elements 17,23,30 and 35 between the various components of the tank elements are such that they can be quickly opened and closed by means of reliable and robust quick couplings.

When the oil and water containing absorbent or dopant is absorbed into the dopant container 20, its total weight is so large that the bottom of the dipper 20 extends over the spike mat 36, whereby its spikes pierce the soft-walled bottom of the dopant tank 20. In this case, the dripping liquid dripping between the tines and the bottom wall can be drained downwards in FIG. 2, from slipper mat 36 underneath baseplate 36 to slurry drainage basin 38. In mixed fluid basin 38, the oil remains lighter in the surface layers and the water is heavier pressed into the area of the movable trough-shaped basin 39.

When the oil sensor 46 gives an impulse that there is no oil left in the water above the movable bottom 39, the bottom 39 will automatically move sideways so that the holes in the perforated bottom 39 and the bunker plate 40 of the tank bunker 45 coincide ·; ··· · 20 and the water drains back down into the water through the holes. A clock switch or the like: *: *: With time control, the bottom pool 39 is moved back to its original position at certain intervals to stop the flow of liquid into the water. The impulse to control the closed position can also be obtained from the oil sensor 46, depending on how oil-containing water is deposited in its vicinity.

Above the center height of the mixing tank 38, there is an oil transfer tube 41, after which the oil accumulated in the topsheet of the mixing tank 38 is transferred to previously known oil treatment plants, which are include various filters, ··· water separators, oil quality analyzers and the like. After treatment and analysis of the oil from the upper part of the catchment 38, it is led, depending on its properties, either into the fuel tanks of the 30 vessels in question for use as motor fuel or: '(a hazardous waste tank transported from the port by vehicles to a hazardous waste facility.

• · 119295

For example, liquid analyzed as heavy oil or light oil can also be incinerated in ship's steam and heat boilers or segregated in the ship's garbage boiler, depending on equipment techniques.

S FIG. 2, the same level control equipment including an interface sensor 8, a float 9, a float bar 10, a float bar guide tube 11 and a level regulator can also be used for mixing the mixer, 10 so that the lower edge of the lifting channel 15 is constantly slightly below the water level.

When the alloyant in the alloyant reservoirs 20 is not gravitationally drained of the alloyant liquid into the sink 38, the speed of rotation of the alloy transfer device 26 can be adjusted, for example by frequency converters, so that

The absorber of the present invention includes a dewatering system for the operation of the mixed liquid sump 38, which operates in the event of an oil transfer tube 41 being blocked or for any other reason: 40 due to clogging of holes.

: * .. The backup system alarms and locks the transfer device 26 to a stop when signal line 42 • ··! ...! also, the fluid flows into contact with the dry space sensor 44 in the overflow basin 43.

• 25: The range of coverage of the compound collecting and suction phase can be extended beyond the ship width so that when the ship reverse gear is automatically engaged, the oil dashboard control beams project from behind the lifting channels 15. they rotate on the surface of the water • · · · * ... *, for example at an angle of 20 to 45 degrees, where they collect the alloying material over a wider area • *: alloying agent in the sleeping area of the lifting channels 15.

• · *: * ·: 30 • · • ·

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• · 119295 13

Depending on the nature and properties of the absorbent, the inventive oil suction process and apparatus may further treat the dopant after oil and liquid extraction to dry it in a dopant tank 20 by blowing dry air with a transfer device 26. Additionally, the dopant may be recycled by suction 5 through suction duct through the duct 33 of the alloy to the container 20, whereupon the material is foamed and its absorption properties are improved to such an extent that it can be reused as an absorbent.

The structures of the tank bunkers 45 and their lower part are such that when the water level of the water drops to the bottom of the tanks 20 in the event of a ship sinking, the water begins to be raised upwards and the tanks 20 completely release as the ship sinks.

15 20 «· • a · # · * • · ♦ ** · 25 II · • • •« «* • · • · •:« 30 • »• * •« ··· • · • ·

IM

. *. 35

III

• M • · • · * # • · • Il • · 119295 14 APPENDIX 1.

DRAWING REFERENCE NUMBERS AND REFERENCE LETTERS

5 Reference numbers: 1. Ship's bridge 2. Ship's engine room (engine room) 3. Ship's rudder room 10 4. Ship's propeller (s) 5. Ship's rudder 6. Bunker tanks (fuel tanks) 7. Ship's stern 8. Interface sensor 15 9. Float 10. Float bar 11. Float bar guide tube 12. Level regulator 13. Discharge channel transfer flange 20 14. Discharge channel transfer device 15. Absorbent discharge channel (- Compound lifting channel) 16. Control channel 17. Discharge channel fitting element 18. Absorbent fluid outlet (25) 20. Absorbent Container (Alloy Container) 21. Container Cap 22. Cap Lifting Latch> it; 22.1 Transfer device lifting lug 30 23. Absorbent material tank connector:; ; 24. Closure damper for absorption agent suction duct ·. 25. Absorbent suction channel: tm "26. Transfer device (fan, compressor, or similar) ϊ„! 27. Propulsion drive motor: 35 28. Absorbent pressure channel (= alloy suction channel) "*. * 29. Absorbent pressure channel damper • ...: 30. Pressure Duct Connector 31. Alloy Suction Duct .. 32. Alloy Suction Duct Shutter ϊ ** 40 33. Alloy Pressure Duct I '* *: 34. Alloy Pressure Duct Shutoff' 35. Alloy Pressure Duct Connector ϊ / ·· 36. Spigot Mat 37. Spindle Mat Base Plate . 45 38. Mixed Drain Basin • * ·., 39. Movable Bottom Basin • · 119295 15 40. Bottom Basin Hole Plate 41. Oil Transfer Tube (For Liquid Handling Unit) 42. Signal Line 43. Overflow Basin 5 44. Dry Bunker Sensor 45. Tank Bunker 46. Oil Sensor 10

Reference buoys: L Ship length 15 LI Slide distance (= Vessel travel with propeller stopped from alarm point p 1 to stop point p2 where reversal begins) pl Alarm point (Floating interface sensor alerts oil and control impulse infiltration function p2) due to sliding when engines are engaged at idle and propeller stops at point pl.

* ·

Hl The water level displayed on the ship's side when the ship is at maximum load.

· ·: ·. 25 H2 Surface water level of the ship, indicated by a dashed line with the minimum • ··. ** ·. loaded with load.

···: H3 Difference between the above water levels at maximum / minimum loads.

Dl Vessel draft with maximum load.

• · · D2 Ship draft with minimum load.

V. 30 • ·· ··· • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · anything more also.

Claims (10)

16 1 1 9295 A method for absorbing, collecting and discharging oil from water bodies directly into on-board storage spaces for further processing 5, characterized in that the oil floating interface sensor (8) floating near the vessel wall immediately provides an alarm and sensor activation for a certain, adjustable time. for example, for 30 seconds, initiates the following control functions through the control center on the ship's 10 navigating bridge (1): - The ship's main engines in the engine room (2) go into idle speed and spread the absorbent agent along the oil raft at low ship speed. - The propellers (4) of the ship rotate at low speeds so that the swirling of the water does not interfere with the even distribution of the absorbent. 15. The rudder (5) or rudders of the ship shall be locked in a position where the ship will proceed straight ahead to the end point (p2). - When the ship reaches a low speed, the drive motor (27) of the absorbent transfer device (26) starts automatically and the transfer device (26) starts blowing ....: the absorbent through the discharge channel (IS) into a floating oil platform • · 20. • · · 99 • · · · · A method for oil absorption according to claim 1, ·· · •: *; for collecting and removing water from the surface of waterways, characterized by the fact that when the absorbent reservoirs (20) are emptied at the end point (p2), the impulse is transmitted to the control center of the bridge (1) the following control functions: * ·. · - The reverse gear of the ship is engaged and the rudder (5) is still locked, and • m •: ·· * with the engines idling, the ship moves slowly backwards along the same line; · '30 had previously traveled during the absorbent application phase. • * · 9 9 9 9 17 119295 - The damper reservoir shutoff valves (24,29, 32 and 34) move to positions such that the transfer device (26) sucks the dopant from the water surface of the duct into the duct (15), duct (18) and duct (18). 31) and blows the diluent through the pressure duct (33) into the diluent container (20). Method for absorbing, collecting and removing oil from the surface of water bodies according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the float (9) floating on the surface of the water and the float rod (10) mounted on it and the associated level control (12) 8) when the height position of the unloading channel / lifting channel (15) is activated so that the lower edges of the float (9) and the unloading channel / lifting channel (15) remain almost the same horizontal all the time. A method for oil absorption according to any one of claims 1 to 3, φ ·. ·: ·. 20 to collect and remove water from the surface of water bodies, · · ·. characterized in that, when heavily loaded and when necessary, the transfer device (26) * · *:. *. under the influence of the blowing pressure, the soft-walled bottom of the alloy tank extends to the barbed • ♦ ♦ ·. * * *. (36) and sharp tapered spikes pierce the bottom of the tank (20), allowing the alloy fluid to drain from the holes in the base plate (37) of the spike mat (36) to the alloy fluid drain (38), where oil is lighter and drips of the alloy liquid drainage basin (38): '*': via an oil transfer tube (41) located above the middle height to the liquid handler • * ·.% and from there to the analyzer. The method of oil absorption according to claim 1, · · · *. for collecting and removing water from water bodies, m · 18 119295 characterized in that the tank bunkers (45) are open upwards and when the ship is in danger of sinking, a portion of the absorbent is blown off ) and (30) 5, whereby persons seeking safety from the resulting openings can descend inside the tanks (20) and the vessels (20) lift the tanks (20) to the deck or water surface of an adjacent ship. The absorber tanks (20) are designed to be automatically detached from the ship's hull structures and tank bunkers (45) in the event that the vessel sinks below the water surface and the porous absorber absorbs impacts in all 10 collision situations. 5. The absorbent suction duct damper (24) and the pressure duct damper (29) close to the closed position (K) and the alloy suction duct damper (32) and pressure duct damper (34) open to the open position (A) and the transfer device (26) draws water through the alloy lifting channel (15), through the alloy suction line (18) and through the alloy suction channel (31), and blowing through the alloy pressure port (33) into the alloy 10 container (20). The transfer device (26) stops when only water is entering the lift channel (15). 5. The mixture transfer device (26) operates when the vessel is reversing as long as the mixture is discharged from the water surface to the mouth of the lifting channel (15) and the transfer device (26) and the vessel stop only when water of sufficient weight and specific gravity is sucked; that in the lifting passage (15) it does not rise to the height of the connecting element (17). 10 Absorbent for absorbing, collecting and removing oil from the water surface for further processing directly in the ship's storage facilities 15, characterized in that the absorber comprises a water surface interface sensor (8) floating near the vessel wall, a clock control and e.g. control functions:. - The ship's main engines switch to idle speed and the propellers (4) to low speed • 1 • ;. 20 speeds. • · · - The rudders (5) of the ship engage in the straight ahead position. • · ·. · 1 ·. Alloy suction duct damper (32) and alloy pressure duct damper (34):. 1. locking in the pivot position (K) and absorbent suction duct closing damper (24) and;: absorbent pressure duct closing damper (29) opening (A) and transfer device (26) • · · 25 actuating and sucking up the absorbent material from the reservoir (20) and blowing the impregnating agent pressure channel (28) and the impregnating agent blowing pipe (18) into the discharge channel (15) from its lower end to the surface water. The impregnation device for absorbing oil, .. '30, for collecting and removing water from the surface of water bodies, according to claim 6, characterized in that the impregnation device comprises the following devices and: means for actuating functions when the absorbent tanks (20) are emptied at end point p2: - The ship reverse gear is engaged, the rudder (5) remains locked and the engines idling. Absorbing device for absorbing, collecting and removing oil from water bodies according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the impregnating device comprises a float (9) floating on the surface of the body of water, a floating rod (10) disposed on it, a guide tube (11) and a communicating level adjuster (12) which, when the interface sensor (8) activates, adjusts, ..,; the height position of the unloading channel / lifting channel (15) so that the float (9) and • ·. ·: *, The lower edges of the 20 discharge channels / lifting channels (15) remain throughout the application phase of the absorbent and • · ·; ·. during the suction phase of the alloy, at almost the same horizontal level, that is, at the height of the oil sump. • · · M » * · • · · · ·: 9. Oil absorption impregnation device according to patent application 7, • M «•“ *; for collecting and removing from the surface of water bodies, · · 25 characterized in that the impregnator comprises a spike mat (36) below the tank (20) whose sharp, conical spikes pierce the bottom of the soft-walled alloy tank (20), when heavily loaded or (26) Blows down to reach • ♦ · • * peaks. In this case, the alloy fluid leaks from the holes in the base plate (37) of the barbed mat (36). / 30 mixing liquid pool (38) where the oil lighter remains on the surface and drains the oil a a * [. along a transfer tube (41) for fluid handling and analyzing devices. a 20 119295 Absorbent for absorbing, collecting and removing oil from the surface of waterways according to Claim 6, characterized in that the absorber comprises means, means and fittings which may alternatively be used as receptacles (20) for rescue in the event of a ship being sunk. In this case, a portion of the absorbent is first blown away by the transfer device (26) from the top of the tanks (20), and a crane or the like lifts the transfer device (26) with ducts and shutters along the tank connecting elements (23) and (30). As a result of these openings, people seeking shelter may descend into the tanks (20) and may be lifted by cranes or helicopters to the deck of the adjacent ship, to the mainland or to the surface of the water. Devices, structures and equipment for absorbent tanks are designed and equipped so that the tanks (20) automatically detach from the hull and tank bunkers (45) in the event of the vessel sinking below the water surface and 15 porous absorber damping shocks in all unsteady situations. on the ship's deck. 20 a · • aa • aa • aa a • aaaa aa aaaa 25 aa aa · aaa • aa aaa · aaaaaa 30 aaa aa aaaa • a • · aaaaaaaaaa aa aa ·: * ·: 35 • aa • a • aa aaaa 21 119295