FI118757B - Formation of split tree trunks of cut tree trunks - Google Patents

Description

118757

Formation of split timber from trunks

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 for forming split timber from chopped 5 tree trunks. The invention further relates to an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 8 for forming split timber from cut wood trunks. The invention further relates to a loader grapple according to the preamble of claim 11 for forming split timber from cut wood trunks.

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Harvesting is carried out by working machines, for example harvesters with a harvester head fitted at the end of the boom, which cuts, cuts and cuts upright logs, for example 2.5 to 7 m lengths, into the desired length. The log is obtained from the heaviest part of the tree trunk, which is mainly used for the production of sawn timber. Small diameter trunks and other parts of log trunks are mainly used as a raw material for the pulp and paper industry, which is called pulpwood. Sawn timber logs are collected by a forwarder equipped with a loader grapple and in which the logs are transported away. Logs and pulpwood can also be felled and chipped by conventional methods using, for example, a chainsaw. Also on tractors and other implements * 7 it is possible to use a grapple attached to the boom to load the timber trunks into the trailer or load compartment.

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If the quality of the logs or pulpwood is not suitable for its intended use - *: * ·: it can be used as firewood. Quality is found, for example, at the stage when the trunks are loaded into a forwarder or other load space. Of course, it is also possible for the wood to be felled 30 initially for the purpose of being used as firewood. *, ···. Firewood trunks are usually split to allow them to dry faster and improve their shelf life. Stacking can also be effected efficiently mechanically and various machine tools are known.

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which are used to cut wood into sections of suitable length, so-called. logs 35 or firewood, and split in two or more lengths ·· *, parallel to the wedges. For example, splitting is done by pushing the end of the wood towards the wedge.

118757 2

Known installations are quite large, complex, the lengths of wedges and other necessary movements are long and require a large amount of actuators and control to ensure that the wood halves are effectively and sufficiently separated from each other without the need for manual removal. The use of these separate facilities and wood treatment significantly increases the wood processing steps from forest to firewood, which may increase the price of firewood. The operation of the equipment requires manual work steps or, in addition, the use of separate lifting devices if the timber trunks 10 are long, such as logs of insufficient quality for sawn timber. In addition, splitting should be done as soon as possible after felling so that the wood is not spoiled, so the schedule becomes hectic, while at the same time taking care of harvesting and transportation.

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The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned problems. The splitting method described above ensures effective separation of the wood halves. This method allows a simple construction of splitting equipment. In particular, the method of 20 allows the splitting equipment to be integrated with other equipment. by integrating the splitting equipment with other woodworking equipment, .. especially the loader grapple, to solve woodworking problems. The method according to the invention is disclosed in claim 1. The splitting apparatus according to the invention is disclosed in: * ·· 25. The loader grapple according to the invention is pre - *: ··: as claimed in claim 11.

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The invention is based on splitting the wood by wedging and pulling the wood halves apart. These measures target 30 different sides of the wood. The integration of the invention with other devices is based in particular on the utilization of a loader grapple, whereby the wedge function is added to the grapple '* "* and the grapple opening pulls the wooden halves apart.

It is a significant advantage of the invention to provide a simple and reliable splitting method which enables integration and splitting in various woodworking devices. With integration, woodworking '' ** becomes more efficient and work phases can be eliminated. A particular advantage is that integrating 118757 3 into the loader grapple can also provide splitting during other handling, loading or unloading of the tree trunks, eliminating even the extra work steps. splitting with other wood treatment 5 for immediate drying and preventing spoilage and decay, which can now be handled simultaneously with other types of timber such as logs and pulpwood Further processing such as logging can be moved to a more appropriate time. Cutting 10 is accomplished by simple sawing machines and does not require complicated separate equipment.

The invention will now be described in more detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 illustrates an advantageous embodiment of the invention as applied to a loader grapple, Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of Figure 1 viewed from a longitudinal pin 20, Figures 3-7 show different steps of wood splitting in addition, the apparatus of Figure 1, I. Figures 8-10 show different stages of operation of the hub members when the apparatus of Figure 1 is additionally used, and Figures 11-13 show the structure and placement of the hub members in the apparatus of Figure 1. .

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Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the invention is applied in conjunction with a loader ·: ··: grapple 1. The grapple 1 comprises a frame structure 2, which in this case is formed by a mainly pressurized fluid actuator, preferably a double acting linear cylinder controlled by the valves tt · '35. The cylinder 2 is upright and its piston 2a is directed downwards. a conical wedge 3 secured: which, pushed by the cylinder 2, penetrates into the wood frame 4 from the sides in accordance with the «« · I * * · t · • ·

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118757 4 sesti. The various sides of the wood frame 4 generally form a cylindrical shell surface. The tree trunk 4 and its holding position are illustrated by a dashed line. The body may also be a separate structure to which the actuator 2 is attached, for example as an accessory. The actuator 2 with its guides and the wedge 5 form the necessary wedge means for longitudinally splitting the tree trunk 4. The grapple 1 is suspended by means of suspension means 10 at the end of the working machine boom.

The grapple 1 further comprises two opposed loader fingers 5a and 5b 10, which at their upper part are connected by hinges 8a, 8b to the frame 2 and which support the wood frame 4 horizontally. The finger structures 5a, 5b are curved, so that they surround and support the body and open downwards. In the illustrated embodiment, each finger 5a or 5b is in parallel with two pieces and are fixed to each other. By means of the arrangement, two claws 9a or 9b, which are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the wood 4, are adhered to the wood 4, whereby the lateral turning of the wood 4 is more effectively prevented. Thus, the fingers 9a, 9b in the opposing fingers 5a, 5b, or the fingers themselves, need not be placed exactly opposite to each other on the different sides of the wood 4.

The fingers 5a, 5b are moved around the horizontal axis of rotation by the cylindrical actuators 6a, 6b located on different sides of the body 2. It is also possible to move the fingers 5a, 5b by means of a single actuator actuated between, for example, the fingers 5a, 5b. The rotational motion of the fingers \ 5a, 5b is synchronized in various cases, for example, by the circumferential toothed pin 7, thereby simplifying the control of the actuators 6a, 6b.

The fingers 5a, 5b and the actuators 6a, 6b, together with their guides, provide the necessary release means for pulling the wooden halves of the wood frame 4 split in the radial direction of the frame. - «·» The 30-movement release motion can be performed by both fingers 5a, 5b, preferably moving in opposite directions, or by only one finger 5a ·: ··: or 5b, while the other finger remains in place. 1, whereby the first part 4a of the tree trunk, split and detached, · · falls towards the second part 4b and drops downwardly between the wedge means and • · · 35 to the ground or stack according to Fig. 7. The half need not be detached; .

: The advantage of dropping the halves separately is that during the fall, the last strands of wood through which the parts are still attached to each other are cut off. The claw of a standing finger is not used for direct movement, but rather supports and holds the wood.

5 At the same time, the force exerted by the wedge 3 presses the wood frame 4 against the claws 9a, 9b. The fingers 5a, 5b and nails 9a, 9b also support the tree trunk 4 during wedging and provide counter-force to the wedge 3. At least the fingers 5a, 5b, but also the actuators 6a, 6b and their guides, and in particular the claws 9a, 9b, provide the necessary gripping means into the split part of the tree trunk 4 for successful removal and pulling.

Nails or wedges 9a, 9b long enough to press well into the wood and transmit the force of the fingers 5a, 5b to the wood frame 4. Removal is particularly effective when the wedge 3 is simultaneously held between parts 15 as shown in Figures 5 and 6. At the same time, the wedge 3 prevents the parts from moving and coming off the nails. If necessary, members or actuators can be added to the grapple 1 to hold the wood 4 against the claws 9a, 9b and prevent the wood 4 from rising and falling to prevent the nails from slipping. Before being dropped, as shown in Figure 7, the wedge 3 is moved back up. The grapple 1 is already open and the wedge 3 is already retracted, after which the next trunk can be quickly and without further intervention.

·. The method and apparatus described above can also be used to split j. 25 halves of tree trunks, if they are to be further subdivided into parts, for example quarters. In this case, the side on which the wedge 3 protrudes: "is, for example, a planar splitting surface of the wood. The opposite side, * 'on which the claws 9a, 9b are pressed and against which the wood is supported, is then a point on the semi-circular sheath.

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The principle of the invention is that the tree trunk is wedged from one of its sides according to Figures 3 and 4, not from the truncated end, "*, after which any part formed in the splitting is withdrawn from the other parts according to Figures 4 and 5. for grabs

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35, as shown in Figure 3, at least the first portion of page 4d and the position most preferably opposite to the page 4c and the position from which the wedge is initiated. The principle is that the tree trunk is aimed at iti * • * · • «

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»·· 118757 6 opening from the underside and the torque can tend to close the upper surface. During wedging, it is advantageous to support the frame from the same side where the nails are pressed. The claws are spaced suitably and sufficiently apart so that the splitting of the wood ends between the claws 5a, 9b which are on different fingers 5a, 5b. If the crack opens in some other way, you can always try to split the tree trunk in another position. In any case, wedge 3 opens the wood and dries more efficiently.

Similarly to the foregoing, the wedge means and the engaging means may also be adapted to separate installations, such as table type, having their own frame structure and feeding the wood frame by means of conveyors or feed wheels. The loader grapple and the implement are then used for feeding and moving the trunks. The bodies corresponding to the Sor-15 and claws can be replaced by laterally movable members, on which the tree trunk is lowered by means of a conveyor. Different parts of the wood drip on the conveyor, for example. For splitting long and strong logs, two or more wedge and release means may be spaced apart, thereby reducing the required working pressure or ensuring end-to-end splitting of the tree trunk. The system may comprise up to a plurality of grabs as shown, suspended in the frame structure, and the tree trunks are fed into the apparatus in the longitudinal direction.

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:. ·. When the grapple 1 is wide relative to the tree 4, it is advantageous for the grapple 1 to also place the hub members 11a, 11b which function in Figs. ! as you would. The members 11a, 11b guide the wood 4 over the nails 9a, 9b.

At the ends of the fingers 5a and 5b facing each other, there are provided protruding tongues 12a, 12b, which project intermittently into the opposite finger 30 and pivot the hinged plate 14a, 14b on the hinge pin 13a, 13b. The hinge pins 13a, 13b engage the finger 5a, 5b. The middle members "11a, 11b, in turn, are fixed to the hinge plate 14a, 14b, whereby they stand upright and move toward each other, leaving the tree 4 between them as shown in Fig. 10. the members 11a, 11b are disposed behind the fingers 5a, 5b in a shield or • * * ·; * 'preferably in the shield, as shown in Fig. 11, with two fingers 5a or 5b on the same side.

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The hub members 11a, 11b are flexible and spring-like thin rods, preferably made of metal wire, secured at one end to a hinge plate. A plurality of them are fastened to the hinge plate 14a, 14b so-5 in parallel, as shown in Figure 13, to achieve sufficient force effect. The fastening is, for example, a bolt fastening, whereby broken elements can be easily replaced. The hub members return to the lower position of Figure 8 either by gravity or by a tension spring.

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The tongue 12a and the claw 9a are secured to the mounting plate 15a, which is preferably removable and fastened to the loader grapple 1. Other finger nails and, if necessary, an opening for accessing the opposite tongue can also be inserted into the same mounting plate.

The mounting plate 15a, with its tongues and claws, has the same structure as the opposite mounting plate 15b, whereby they are interchangeable. When the mounting plate 15a, 15b is removed, the splitting device 1 functions as a normal grapple. The assembly plate 15a, 15b can also be attached by means of a joint to the assembly formed by the hinge plate and the hinge pin. As the wedge 20 has retracted and the claws 9a, 9b and the hub members 11a, 11b have been removed, the apparatus 1 can act as a normal grapple.

The transition of the wood 4 to the grapple 1 can be facilitated by also arranging the claws 9a, 9b in an upright position, e.g. 25 effects. The nails shall be mounted on the same hinge plate as the members * · j "* 11a, 11b or on their own hinged plate with the nail facing sideways:". When the fingers 5a, 5b are spaced apart, the nails are at least partially protected, as in Fig. 8 and the members 11a, 11b. Tongue: pushing the nail upright at an appropriate angle and leaning against the 30 trees to which the nail later projects and grips. The return is performed, for example, by a tension spring. The advantage of rotating nails is that the splitting device 1 can be operated like a grapple and the tree trunks are not damaged, as long as the grapple is not allowed to close completely so that the fingers 5a, 5b do not overlap.

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Ml · M »* · • · · · · 118757 δ

The invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be modified within the scope of the appended claims.

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Claims (15)

A method of forming split wood of cut tree trunks, wherein in the process: 5 - the tree trunk (4) is at least longitudinally split in a first part (4a) and a second part (4b), the tree trunk (4) being wedged from one of its sides (4c), characterized in that: - by means of the force effect of the wedge, the tree trunk (4) is pressed simultaneously against means (9a, 9b) used for gripping and simultaneously supporting said tree trunk, for drawing at least the first part (4a) is gripped on the side (4d) which is substantially opposite to the side (4c) from which the wedging is started, the gripping being carried out so that the means (9a, 9b) used are pressed into the tree trunk (4) and fastens in the tile as a result of the force effect of j ** .. said wedging, and • by using said attachment at least the first part (4a) ) is subtracted from the other parts (4b) so that the 25 different parts will come loose from each other. m The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the first part (4a), also the second part (4b) is gripped and the beds are pulled 5 * "away from each other. M · · 30 Method according to claim 2, characterized in that they formed. the parts (4a, 4b) are pulled in opposite directions. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, by means of: · * ·: gripping, the second part (4b) is placed in place simultaneously when the first part (4a) is released. 118757 Method according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that at least the first part (4a) is pulled in a direction which is transverse to the direction of the splitting. 5 Method according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the means (2, 2a, 3) used for the splitting are poured between the parts (4a, 4b) at the same time as the parts (4a, 4b) are coupled from each other, to make their unloading more efficiently. 10 Method according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that the horizontal tree trunk (4) is gripped from below, it is cleaved by wedging from above, at least the first part (4a) is pulled with gripping on the side and the first part (4a) is removed. tall by twisting downwards, at the same time it detaches from the grip. 15 Apparatus for forming split wood of cut tree trunks, wherein the device (1) comprises: wedges (2, 2a, 3) which are arranged to split a tree trunk (4) at least longitudinally in a first part (4a) and a second part (4b) and penetrating into the tree trunk (4) from a side of its sides (4c), characterized by the device ( 1) further comprises: · · ··· - gripping means (9a, 9b) which are arranged for drawing to grip * at least the first part (4a) of the side (4d) which is .. substantially transverse to the page (4c), in which the wedge means t ·: .. i * (2, 2a, 3) penetrate, 30: Y: - wherein the wedge means (2, 2a, 3) are arranged to press the tree trunk (by means of its power) 4) against the gripping means (9a, '* · *. 9b), which simultaneously support said tree trunk, and for said [gripping means to be pressed into the tree (4) and fastened to: · ** ·: 35 for extraction, and 1 1 8757 - wherein said gripping means are further arranged by utilizing said attachment to pull at least the first part (4a) away from the second parts (4b) so that the different parts (4a, 4b) would loosen from each other. 5 Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the device (1) further comprises support means (5a, 5b) for supporting the tree trunk (4) in place during the wedge. 10. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the wedge means (2, 2a, 3) comprise actuators (2) arranged to pour the wedge means (2, 2a, 3) between the parts (4a, 4b). ) simultaneously when the parts (4a, 4b) are released from each other by means of the gripping means (9a, 9b). Grip for forming split wood of cut tree trunks, which grip (1) comprises: a backbone structure (2), and - at least two opposite, by means of a hinge (8a, 8b) to the backbone structure fixed in a movable manner and with the aid of: · · actuators (6a, 6b) controlled gripping fingers (5a, 5b) intended to tilt the tree trunk (4) horizontally, j * \. "Wedges (2, 2a, 3), which are arranged in said ·: ··: frame structure (2) and directed downwards, and which are arranged for cleavage of the tree trunk (4) at least in length." . the direction in a first part (4a) and a second part (4b) and to penetrate into the tree trunk (4) from one of its sides (4c), characterized in that: (2, 2a, 3) are arranged to push the tree trunk (4) against the gripping means (9a, 9b), which at the same time support said tree trunk, and to said the trunk (4). *. gripping means would be pressed firmly into the tree (4) and would be secured to that for extraction, said gripping means are further arranged by utilizing said fastening to pull at least the first part (4a) away from the second parts (4b). that the various parts (4a, 4b) would detach from each other, and the gripping means (9a, 9b) are arranged in at least one gripping finger (5a, 5b) which can move on the side while simultaneously opening the gripping finger (1) from below and allows the case of the split portion (4a, 4b). Grip according to claim 11, characterized in that the wedge means (2, 2a, 3) comprise actuators (2) which are arranged to pour the wedge means (2, 2a, 3) between the parts (4a, 4b) simultaneously when the parts (4a, 4b) 4a, 4b) are released from each other by means of the gripping means (9a, 9b). Grip according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that it is coupled to the end of a turret in a forwarder, and its actuators (2, 6a, 6b) are coupled to the forwarder's control system. Grip according to claim 11, characterized in that the gripping finger (5a) further comprises a resilient concentrator means (11a, 12a, 13a, 4a) intended for displacement of the tree trunk (4) opposite to the gripping means 20 (9a, 9b), said concentrator means can be moved by pressing the opposite gripping finger (5b) against the tree trunk (4) simultaneously when the gripper (1) is closed. * · • ♦ • M Grip according to claim 11 or 14, characterized in that the gripping means 25 (9a, 9b) comprise a claw (9a, 9b) which can be raised forward and which is ..... intended to grip the tree trunk (4), wherein said claw can be moved against the ***** tree trunk (4) by pressing the opposite gripping finger (5b) at the same time as the gripping (1) ends. • * • · · · · · · · · · · ··· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ···