FI116944B - Gas treatment method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Method and equipment for gas treatment - Metod och apparatur av gas

The invention relates to an apparatus for treating gas, comprising a 5 reactor reactor having an inlet for the gas to be treated and k; outlet. The invention further relates to a method which is applied in the apparatus.

Various gases containing impurities, such as for example gas purification in catalytic reactors using catalysts at high temperatures, can be mentioned, for example, tar tar impurities.

Catalyst reactors are often solid-state reactors with a granular form in separate reactor tubes. However, if clean, such as gasification gas, the solids particle problem, however, involves a clogging of the reactor tubes. For this reason, monolithic reactors are commonly used to purify solid gases, such as dust. However, it has been found that, under certain conditions, clogging occurs in these reactors as well, such as cellular catalyst clogging, which ultimately results in near-complete and deactivation of the catalyst surface. This, in turn, entails significant costs due to the cost of fuel, maintenance and the short life of the catalysts.

A solution to this problem is disclosed in JP 2-107694, a catalytic purification reactor in which the catalyst is placed vertically! which are attached at their upper end to the reactor. In this case, the gas contained in '1/25 is separated by gravity at the bottom of the reactor, from which it is passed through the bottom. However, there is still an ong · · · · · · · · · · · · 1 · 1 dust accumulation on the catalyst surfaces.

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The invention relates to a process and apparatus for treating a gas, characterized in that the reactor is provided with at least an upper member - substantially longer than its cross-sectional mouth 5 - having a gas-permeable jacket, - a jacketed catalyst, and a sequential feed line for another gas.

Thus, the method and apparatus according to the invention include kata! tubular members having a gas permeable jacket. Thus, the problem of solving es 10 is solved so that from the inside of the tubular members flows into the reactor, whereby no solid accumulates on the surfaces of the catalyst, e: the clogging of the cell. Thus, up to i lifetime can be achieved for catalysts.

The gas-permeable jacket also has the advantage of providing at least a portion of the combustion air required to heat the reactor, already heating the gas to the reaction temperature, and with the second gas being mild, partial oxidation also occurs at and near the catalyst surface.

According to one embodiment of the invention, said diaper is a pore. 20 are holes through which gas is introduced into the reactor. According to another i • * '·, again, the diaper is a membrane, whereby only one particular 1

M: through the sheath and prevents the accumulation of solids on the catalyst surfaces. T

for example, the membrane may be an oxygen-permeable membrane. The advantage of using oxygen is that the gas to be treated does not dilute so much that the calorific value of the gas remains better than if the second gas were i M · # ♦ '··' According to a third embodiment of the invention, the sheath may be the coated r may be made in the form of metal foam or sintered with the gas supply direction of the metal. Such rigidity is not m; other cellular catalysts.

In accordance with the invention, the tubular members are preferably more spaced, and may be traced to substantially the same space plane, or to two different space planes, the space planes being mutually recognizable to one of ordinary skill in the art.

According to the invention, the distance between the tubular members or the space between the tubular members is large enough for the solid accumulation of the catalyst 10 and the subsequent catalyst block Preferably the distance is 20-200%, more preferably 30-100%, i.e. the largest diameter of the bowl.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the gas to be treated is also a combustion gas. The process of the invention and h 15 are advantageous in gasification applications because they require significantly less catalytically active acid than conventional chemistries; due to the high temperatures used in the applications and thus the operating speeds. If gasification gas or the like is used, m the reactor is heated by partial combustion of the gas before the tubular e 20 reaches the desired temperature. Further, by passing a portion through the tubular members to be oxidized directly to the surface of the catalyst, the warm surface is more efficient, thereby reducing the need for heating the reactor.

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The catalyst used in the process and apparatus of the invention is known to a person skilled in the art as a catalyst suitable for cracking the impurities contained in 1 · · · ·. The catalyst is also present in the diaphragms of the body organs in the case of ceramic diapers as such by one of ordinary skill in the art, for example, by impregnating the luc f: for example, by coating or s) * * A '4 dium and platinum. The metal of the Vin group is preferably used in a total weight of 0.5 to 20 catalysts. On the other hand, when purifying the flue gas, nitrogen compounds such as vanadium pentoxide V2O5, known per se to the person skilled in the art, could not be removed.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the reactor is supplied with a feed gas, an inert gas or a mixture thereof. Oxidizing gas is oxygen, water vapor, or a mixture of at least two of these, and inert gas, noble gas, flue gas from the gasification of gasification, is a mixture of two of these. Flue gas means the gas of the gasification gas pa 10, which in this case behaves like an inert gas. The gas can be used, for example, in combination with air, whereby the gasification step; carbon dioxide acts like water vapor.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the reactor is fed! organs of any of the foregoing gases, wherein the same gas may be further supplied to the reactor by a separate inlet gas, a flue gas, or a mixture thereof, through a tube and an oxidizing gas through a separate oxidizing gas feed

According to alternative embodiments of the invention, the tubular feed gas is fed to the reactor in a continuous or non-continuous manner.

• «• * *« «; The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: * V * 1 shows a side view of a first embodiment of the invention, * V * f, a view of a device according to a second embodiment of the invention. * :: 25 in sectional view, Fig. 3 shows a la in accordance with a third embodiment of the invention, in a side view: ***: Fig. 4a shows a la in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the invention. *** ImHranlrcpnfl

Figure 1 is a simplified cross-sectional side view of the apparatus of the first invention. It is clear that these catalyst tubes are cross-sectioned in any shape, for example circular, triangular, square or elliptical. The catalyst tubes are mounted perpendicular to the flow of gas 4. In the figure, catalyst from the reactor 1, and it will be obvious to one skilled in the art that the actual catalyst tubes are preferably substantially more numerous.

Reactor 1 further has an inlet 3 for the gas to be treated 4 and an outlet 6 for the ki 5. Further illustrated is air, oxygen, water vapor, inert gas, gasification gas or a mixture of at least two of these, which may be introduced into the catalyst tubes. The feed gas 7 flows from the diaper thighs to the reactor 1 as illustrated in the figure 15 The gas to be treated 4 can be fed to the reactor 1 so that the flow velocity (sv-ar 20,000 1 / h at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) Thus, the background to be treated may be from 0.0 to 30 m 3 / s, preferably from 0.1 to 20 m 3 / s. Alternatively, the gas 7 fed through the bodies, i.e. the catalyst tubes 2, is fed with an i 20 of 2 to 30%, preferably 5 to 15% of the gas to be treated

Figure 2 is a simplified view of another embodiment of the invention! : hardware in cross-section viewed from the side. Reactor 1 has IM »: tube tubes 2 parallel to the gas 4 to be treated * * *

Figure 3 is a simplified side elevational view of the third embodiment of the invention. reactor

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the catalyst tubes 2 perpendicular to the flow of the gas 4 to be treated, according to the third embodiment, through the catalyst tubes 2, the gas 11 and the reactor 1 are further provided with 9 s of oxidizing gas;

* * · ΓΓλ 11 AIM rörtL + / \ t »t t M nt rXf Iro o A λ« jima 1 44-a λ AM * ·% AM

6 in the first plane and the catalyst tubes 13 (shown in the broken plane with the catalyst tubes overlapping

In the fifth and sixth embodiments of the invention, the catalyst tip is sequenced in two different levels. In the fifth embodiment, the catenary 5 is at right angles to the catalyst tubes 13, while in the sixth embodiment, the catalyst tubes 12 are at about 70 ° with the core tubes 13. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the catalysts are at any angle relative to each other and that the catalyst tree is present in more than two planes. Similarly, for the skilled artisan, the tube tubes may also be superimposed on multiple planes in response.

Figure 5 is a simplified cross-sectional view of the apparatus according to the seventh sec. Of the invention. In the figure o the catalyst tubes 14, their sheath 15 and the catalyst tube cross-section 15 echo D. It is clear that the figure shows a square cross-sectional possibility and that the catalyst tubes may also have a cross-section. 4 4 9 aaaaaaaa 9 · aaaaa 9 ¥ aaaaaa • aaaaaaa · aaaaaaaaaaa

Claims (22)

7 A method for treating a gasification gas with a catalyst reactor feeding a gasification gas (4) from at least one feed point, providing at least one tubular member (2) of length c 5 greater than the largest cross-sectional diameter in which the tubular catalyst is fed. (2) through a gas-permeable jacket (15) to accumulate on the catalyst surfaces, characterized in that the reactor (1) is supplied with an inert gas (7, 11). Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that it is a nitrogen, a noble gas, a mixture of two of these produced by the gasification of the gasification gas. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxidizing gas (9) is further supplied to the sieve (1) via a separate oxidizing working unit (10). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the gas is air, oxygen, water vapor or a mixture of at least two of these. . The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the known * * · talyte is at least one group VIII met of the periodic table; : 20 single alkaline earth metals or a mixture of at least two of these. «4 I • ·· A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by * · *. the gas (7, 11) supplied through the tubular member (2) is fed re * * *** as a flow. • * m A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the gas (7, 11) supplied through the tubular member (2) is supplied in a continuous flow. 8, which is 2 to 30%, preferably 5 to 15%, of the gas to be treated. Apparatus for treating gasification gas in a catalytic reactor <at least one feed point for supplying gasification gas (4) and a small carbonaceous member (2) having a length substantially greater than the cross-section and having a gas-permeable jacket (15) arranged catalyst, characterized in that the sheath (15) is a gas-permeable membrane, a metal foam or sintered articles together. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the one tubular member (2) is substantially perpendicular to the treated feed direction. Apparatus according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the at least one tubular member (2) is substantially parallel to the direction of supply of the gas (4). Apparatus according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized by more than one tubular member (2) and being arranged in the space plane of the earth. Apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized by more than one tubular member (2) and arranged at least in two different space planes, each of which is spaced apart. ♦ » Apparatus according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the tubular members (2) are spaced 20-200% apart, preferably. . 25 (2) of the maximum cross-sectional diameter. • t · • ·· 9 fast ämne inte ansamlas Pä catalysatoms, kännetecknat av att d <(7, 11) som matas in i reactom (1) inert gas. 2. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 1, kännetecknat av att den inert £ kev, grit, vid förgasning av förgasningsgas uppkommande rökg 5 stone en blandning av tvä av dessa. 3. A patent for the use of an oxide gas (9) via a separating gas oxide gas (9). 4. Förfarande enligt patentkrav 3, kännetecknat av att den oxider 10 Görs av luft, syre, vattenänga eller ätminstone en blandning av tvä av ( 5. Förfarande enligt face av patentkraven 1-4, transducer av i bestär av åminstone en metall ur group VIII i periodic øen jordalkal metal eller ätminstone en blandning av opening. 6. Förfarande enligt face av patentkraven 1-5, kännetecknat av 15 11) som Inverted via det rörform with organ (2) Flammable reaction (1 continuerlig Ström. 1 2 3 Förfarande enligt face av patentkraven 1-5, kännetecknat av 11. som provided via det rörformiga organet (2) information on reaction (1; diskontinuerlig Ström. • # * * * • »* 20 8. Förfarande enligt face av patentkraven 1-7, kanknetecknat av 2 som behandlas matt in i reaction (1) med en Ström av 0.01-30 m3 0.1-20 m3 / s. • 3 · Förfarande enligt face av patentkraven 1-8, kännetecknat av ee 11) som inmatas via de rörformiga organen (2) informed reaction (Γ * 11/25 som 2-30%, fördelaktigt 5-15% av strömmen av den gas (4) som l ♦ * • »· 10 Apparatur enligt patent krav 10, the anterior organ of which has a rotor-like organ (2) and a tired ligen rigged mot imnatnings den gas (4) som behandlas. Apparatur enligt patent traverse 10 eller 11, rotating tongue av att i 5 stone and rotating body (2) and fatigue parallel to the malfunctioning medicament (4) som behandlas. 13. Apparatur enligt face av patent kraven 10-12, a transducer and flip-flop organ (2) and an attenuator. 14. Apparatur enligt face av patentkraven 10-13, the rotation tongue and the rotorforming organ (2) were attenuated shortly, thundered shortly in parallel with sinsemella. 15. Apparatur enligt face av patentkraven 10-14, kännetecknad formiga organens (2) avständ frän varandra var 20%, fördelaktig 15 den största diametem hos tvärsnittet av de rörformiga organen (2). • * * 9 · • ·· • ft • · • • * • * «IM · • I · · ft · · ··· Ml ♦ · • · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ♦ «• • · · · ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦» »»