FI114087B - Method and apparatus for separating different types of waste plastic - Google Patents

Description

114087

Method and apparatus for separating different types of waste plastic

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to an apparatus according to the preamble of claim 6.

The invention is industrially applicable and can be used for the economic recovery of plastic waste. Recycling of plastics aims to save the environment, energy and money. By returning end-of-life assets for reuse, either as such, by repairing or by re-using them, production waste plastics and end-of-life plastics are used as raw materials. The utilization of such plastics has not yet been economically resolved, although various alternatives have been explored.

GB-1 534 506 discloses a recovery process in which various components of scrap are recovered by a cooling and crushing process. Liquid nitrogen is used as the coolant.

15 A major problem has been that mixtures of plastics of different properties could not be reused. While pure recycled raw material made from only one thermoplastic waste is a substitute for the new raw material, no useful material has been obtained from unsorted thermoplastic alloy waste. It is due to e.g. si:., that incompatible plastic types cause problems in the plastics industry: · 20 manufacturing process. Problems include, for example, gasification and the effect of plastics of different viscosities at the same temperature.

t I 1 t / Thus, on the other hand, different types of • ·; ; and types of thermoplastics and, on the other hand, different types and types of thermoplastics.

: '': 25 The invention thus relates to a method and apparatus for efficiently utilizing and recovering any type of plastic waste.

The invention is essentially characterized by what is stated in the characterizing parts of claims 1 and '·': 6.

* ·· 1 · • ». 1.> In the method shown, the plastic waste can be treated with a cold mix using * · · \\\ 1 30 in the production of recycled material. The term "cold mixture" in the context of the invention refers to a cold mixture of absorbent and non-absorbent plastic materials.

2 114087 Waste plastic is contacted with a substance that migrates (adsorbs) to some types of plastic. Such substances include e.g. liquid gases, their azeotropic mixtures and water. The temperature is so low and preferably precooled that the plastics are brittle in structure. Typical temperatures are -50 to -260 ° C.

5 The next step is the opposite, that is, the waste plastic material is subjected to a rapid change in temperature and pressure, for example, by spraying it with hot water so as to produce a so-called. impact heating, which causes the absorbent to cause the absorbent plastics to be finely divided. They can then be separated from the non-absorbent plastics by their fines. The separation is preferably carried out by means of a Strain-10.

After separation, the plastics can be analyzed using, for example, spectrometer equipment, possibly further sorted and further processed for reuse. The production process utilizes well-known rapid modeling, multi-composite, information and automation technologies.

The device according to the invention comprises a space in which the waste plastic is treated. It is preferably a housing, such as a steel housing, and the plastic can be introduced therein, e.g., by means of a feed belt conveyor. A substance is then fed into said space which selectively adsorbs to some of the plastic types of the waste plastic. This can be done from the container through a nozzle.

Impact heaters include, for example, a temperature and pressure regulator. Typically. . The apparatus comprises cooling devices to provide brittleness of said waste plastics, and heating and pressure relief devices. The heating devices typically comprise: '* a heat transfer tube with heat transfer fluids and / or a nozzle for blowing hot liquid or the like into cold and adsorbed plastic.

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After the impact heating device, the broken plastic types in the impact heating are separated. ·; . 25 are broken, for example by sieving, with the aid of a grid. There may be two gratings: the upper is thinner and the lower is dense, see fig. hardware explanation below. The gratings may have transfer and locking devices.

Finally, the fine plastic that has passed through the grate or grates is removed through the valve at the bottom of the device. The coarser, unbreakable plastic is removed by means of a discharge belt conveyor on the side of the housing.

• ·.:. In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, in which: ♦ is a schematic diagram of a research and production plant, 3 114087 is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a diagram of the method and apparatus used therein.

Figure 1 illustrates an operation according to an embodiment of the invention. In Section 5 1, coarse sorting and deinking of waste plastic raw materials is carried out. In step 2, the waste plastics raw materials are analyzed with a spectrometer for further analysis. Based on this, the substance to be adsorbed is selected. In step 3, the corresponding embodiment of Figure 3 and its description is performed. adsorption of the material, cooling of the treated waste plastics, impact heating, screening, separation and recovery. In step 4, any residual adsorbent material 10 is removed by fractional distillation and in step 5 any further processing is performed. Box 6 collects the finished products that have been produced from recyclable raw materials that are recycled by organic methods.

According to the separation diagram of the waste plastics according to Fig. 2, the invention makes it possible to separate e.g. binder and aggregate of plastic components, mass, layer and polymer composites of composite-15 alloys, as well as reinforced plastics and other polymer composites.

Figure 3 shows a hardware solution according to the invention for implementing the invention. The steel sheath A of the apparatus is of two parts. There are belt conveyors on both sides of the diaper to introduce the waste plastic raw material into the apparatus and to remove coarse plastic fractions from the apparatus. Piping B is installed inside jacket A

: for heat transfer. A space for fluid is provided between piping B and steel jacket A; '* · For C. Both parts of the sheath A are openly locked together by a locking and lifting system: ":": System D. Inside the sheath A are removable steel grids E, the upper being thinner and the lower being denser. The upper wall of the steel sheath A has nozzles F mm. for supplying coolants and adsorbents to the waste plastic feedstock. Ko. the substances are stored prior to feeding into storage space G, from which they are conveyed via tubes or hoses to the apparatus. The chopped part of the waste plastics, · · ·. the tips are removed from the drain valve at the bottom of the diaper A. The system temperatures are monitored by sensors I and the process is monitored from J. Process pressure '* 30 is controlled by pressure regulator K.

Claims (13)

A process for separating different types of plastics from waste plastics from one another, for example, for ether circulation, characterized in that (a) a substance is measured in the waste plastics which is selectively adsorbed in a portion of the plastics plastics species, (b) the waste plastics are cooled, ( c) the cooled waste plastic is rapidly heated, removing some of the other plastic species of the waste plastic, (d) said part being separated from the other plastic species on the basis of its fineness, and (e) the thus separated plastic species of the waste plastic being recovered. Process according to claim 1, characterized in that said substance is selected from liquid substances. Process according to claim 2, characterized in that said substance is water. Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the rapid heating is carried out both with heat and pressure. A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that: '' said separation on the basis of the atomization is realized by sieving. ; ' , 6. Apparatus for carrying out the procedure according to any of the foregoing. *. '. The tent requirements, characterized in that it comprises (i) a treatment space (A, D) for the waste plastic including transport devices, · ·, · ·. (ii) feeding means (F) for feeding a substance in contact with the waste plastic, * · / which material is selectively adsorbed in a portion of the plastic material of the waste plastic, (iii) cooling devices for cooling the waste plastic, • | (Iv) means (B, C, K) for such a rapid heating of the cooled of the plastic, which disintegrates said part of the plastic of the waste plastic, separation devices (E) for separating said part of the waste plastic plastics from the other waste plastics on the basis of its atomization, and (vi) devices (H) for collecting the waste plastics separated plastics species. 5 Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that said treatment space (A) for the waste plastic comprises a housing (A) which is preferably connected by two with a reading device (D), and its conveying device preferably comprises a belt conveyor for feeding the waste plastic. . 10 8. Apparatus according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said blanking feed device comprises a container (G) for the blank to be adsorbed and / or a feed nozzle (F) for the blank to be adsorbed. 15 Apparatus according to claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized in that said rapid expansion device (B, C, K) comprises heat transfer tube (B) and heat transfer fluid (C). Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that said rapid expansion device (B, C, K) comprises a temperature controller (I) and a temperature controller; pressure regulator (K). Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that said •. Apparatus for separating the waste plastic species (E) comprises a screen (E), preferably; a removable steel screen. »» • I 12. Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that said devices for separating the waste plastics (E) comprise two screens (E), the upper of which is; ,: 30 sparges and the lower denser. Apparatus according to any of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that the separation device for the separated plastic species comprises a lower valve (H) removal valve (H) for the finely divided plastic, and a belt conveyor located on the side of the treatment space for removing the non-dispersed plastic species.