FI112521B - Method and apparatus for distributing mortar - Google Patents

Description

112521

METHOD AND EQUIPMENT FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF PLASTIC FÖRFARANDE OCH APPARATUR FÖR ATT FÖRDELA MURBRUK

The invention relates to a method for distributing mortar or similar binder mass in masonry work in which the mass is displaced substantially horizontally by means of forced conveyor means. The invention also relates to a device for dispensing such pulp having machine driven, essentially horizontal, primary screw conveyor means adapted for transferring the pulp.

Throughout the ages, bricks and similar masonry units have been laid on top of and adjacent to a layer of binder, most commonly sand, lime and, most recently, cement based mortar. Nowadays, various additives are usually mixed with mortar to flex the pulp, to accelerate or slow down the chemical reaction, or to achieve other desirable properties. Whereas mortar used to be always made on site, manufacturing is nowadays also transferable to predominantly factory conditions where quality uniformity and desired properties are easily achieved and controlled.

Thus, a variety of machine-friendly arrangements, mainly suitable for factory use, are known in the art for the production of masonry structures under factory conditions. As such, as exemplified by such, the solutions disclosed in this publication are CH-525,365, DE-35,20788 and US-3,039,233.

Further, from DE-42 39 622, GB-1 388 004 and DE-824011, various arrangements are known, e.g. to transport the mass. US-3,757,484 is known; automatic blast furnace lining equipment.

'' However, in the case of bricklaying on site, the working methods still follow the ancient principle of applying a mortar 112521 2 on top of the brick layer underneath by hand tools, usually a masonry scoop. To fill the vertical seam between adjacent bricks, the outermost brick is either pushed horizontally so that the mortar is punctured against the previous brick, or the mortar is hit with a masonry scoop on the end of the brick. Bricklaying has been done in this way for millennia, and so far no more efficient bricklaying on site has been found. As such, the partial transfer of mortar production from the construction site to other sites has not changed the working methods for the actual masonry work. This is also true for applications where the mortar is delivered, for example, pumped straight up into layers from a car.

Particularly in lightweight gravel blocks and similarly large masonry units with relatively high heat insulation properties, it is customary for the mortar to be applied in two parallel strips, which should leave an air gap which acts as a heat insulator at the mortar. This structure creates new problems,. . since spreading the mortar in two strips is considerably · harder than covering the entire upper surface of the wall with a tt • "mortar layer. To this end, a mortar» * * sled has been previously developed, consisting of a waterproof mortar with two parallel outlets: The container draws ten liters of mortar, after which it must always be refilled, which is usually done with manual tools, even where the mortar is pumped to the site, • since attaching the pump to pump small amounts of mortar at a time is clearly uneconomical.

* I I

The mortar filled with mortar is quite heavy and therefore guides are provided down the sides of the wall i ((i;) to guide it, which, however, prevents the car from advancing when the car enters the intersection or corner of the wall. 112521 3 where the mortar is freely flowing to where it will either be lost or cause an unwanted cold bridge between said mortar strips, especially in complex structures such as cellars or the currently popular variety of structures, the usefulness of such a sled is generally very limited. interleaves guidewires arranged to orient the wall.

DE-37 12 847 discloses a complex device to be erected on a construction site with a laterally movable mortar carriage mounted on a rail-like rack. The mortar slider is pivotable below the outlet of the dry mortar for filling, and can receive a quantity of mortar sufficient for the masonry units on the masonry table. The width of the mortar to be applied is determined by the shutter plates of the mortar. This structure is technically complex and heavy, and yet it is not very effective at masonry on conventional construction sites of moderate size.

* ·: Thus, in practice, most masonry work is carried out at each workstation in exactly the same way as in the past, ie it involves a considerable amount of manual work, which slows down masonry work and increases costs. Therefore, the method according to the invention is characterized in that the binder mass prior to horizontal transfer is maintained in a work-suspended container, from which the mass is first controlled by means of forced conveyor means: to move to the distribution point then, through the distribution means comprising the flexible free-fall portion and the application means adapted thereto, to drain down to the end use. The apparatus according to the invention is known for said conveyor means being adapted 112521 4 to transfer pulp from the lower end of the pulp container therein to the opposite end of the conveyor means, which is provided with pulp application means for dispensing means having a flexible and substantially free drainage portion.

The invention will now be described with reference to some preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawing, wherein

Figure 1 shows a general arrangement according to the invention,

Fig. 2 shows a partial enlargement of Fig. 1 at the distribution means,

Fig. 3 illustrates the positioning of a manifold head at an angle of a masonry structure in accordance with the invention, and

Fig. 4 shows a press specially developed for filling a vertical seam between ingots, the end of which is still shown in front view in Fig. 4a.

·· * · The central part of the arrangement according to Fig. 1 consists of a suitable mortar 1 of approximately 200 to 500 liters, preferably relatively high in relation to the bottom surface, with a low adhesion to the upright walls and thus cleaning suitably open lowering of the vessel -. 'j'., i.e. the lower end la is fitted inside the screw conveyor 2 (indicated by dashed lines), preferably substantially; · ι · ι conveniently conveyed by the screw conveyor 4 via a gearbox 4 known per se An engine 5, which in the embodiment illustrated is an electric motor, which advantageously obtains its propulsion from the arrangement of a commercially available internal combustion motor unit 6, which is suitably fitted per se, for adjusting the speed of the screw conveyor 2 and thus its supply comprises a speed control apparatus 7 known per se, by means of which the speed of the motor 5 112521 5 is preferably infinitely variable, as will be described in more detail below.

As such, precise rotation of the screw conveyor can be accomplished in another way, but the above-described internal combustion engine arrangement forms its own functional entity independent of external propulsion. The main application of the device according to the invention will be in the open air, so that the use of an internal combustion engine does not cause any substantial disadvantage in comparison to the utility. Especially when installed indoors, this arrangement can be replaced by, for example, a hydraulic energy supply powered by vegetable oil, which, however, then requires separate supply lines (not shown). In the open air, internal combustion-powered hydraulics may also be appropriate.

According to the invention, the arrangement described above is suspended above the work site with sufficient working space under it. In practice, this suspension may be implemented as shown in Fig. 1 so that the hoisting ropes 9 or its; 'at various points in the arrangement, so that the arrangement remains:' ·· essentially balanced. Since mortar 1 constitutes the actuator. · The maximum weight of the system, it will be located approximately near the vertical axis of the equilibrium point, and thus emptying of container 1 will not significantly affect the equilibrium of the device. The total weight of the device when the container 1 is full is preferably in the order of 1200 to 1500 kg, and thus a work site crane or a lighter, tailored lifting system capable of operating I | even a lifting fork arrangement specifically designed for the truck or similar.

* t »

According to the invention, the opposite end of the screw conveyor relative to the mortar 1 is connected to mortar dispensers comprising flexible portions 10, 10a, generally designated by reference 11. The flexible portions 10, 10a consist of 112521 6 tubular portions, preferably at the lower end of which The dispensing means 11, in the preferred embodiment of Figure 1, preferably comprises parallel distribution tubes 14, which are preferably controllably coupled to each other and suitably provided with closures 13, the lower end of which at least opens in a transmissive or diffusive manner to the transmitting direction of the dispensing means 11. In use, this spreader shoe 15 rests on the uppermost masonry ingot layer so that it can subsequently form the top ingot 16 in the groove 17 and at a suitable height above it. between the parallel mortar strips 18 there is again a mortar-free zone 19 which, as shown in Fig. 3, is located at least at the insulating portion 20 at the widest blocks. The applicator shoe 15 itself is a somewhat straight trough body in the embodiments shown in the drawing, but in another embodiment of the invention, the applicator shoe 15 comprises a swinging lower portion (not shown) such that tilting the dispensing head 11 directly achieves precise thicknesses of mortar strips.

The parallel application means according to Figures 1, 2 and 3 are combined; suitably adjustable spacer 21, preferably fitted with a control lever of the above-mentioned closing means 13 and / or control means for stepless speed control 7 of a screw conveyor 2 drive mechanism 5 (not shown ..) so that it can be used by the user.

; Functionally, the start-up of the arrangement is started by filling the container 1 with mortar mass manufactured preferably by means of concrete conveyor equipment known per se.

Thereafter, the apparatus will conveniently operate such that the person carrying out the masonry work of the stalk puts the spreading shoes 15 of the parallel dispensing means 11 at a suitable starting point 112521 7 over the grooves 17 of the top ingot layer 16. The drive motor of the screw conveyor 2 is started at a speed which delivers as much mortar from vessel 1 as is expected to spread in the form of mortar strips 18 to the upper surface of the ingots 16. In practice, the rotation speed is adjusted as the masonry work progresses, typically with a transfer rate of about 20 to 100 liters per minute.

The screw conveyor 2 pushes the mortar mass into the opposite end 3a of the transfer tube 3, where downwardly a landing portion 22 opens. At landing portion 22, the mass moves in a substantially vertical direction, i.e. the mass flows under its own weight while exiting the transfer tube. easily accomplished in the manufacture of mortar. According to Fig. 1, the first lowering portion 22 suitably extends downwardly into the throttle chamber 26, also in the form of a drainage tube 24 attached by means of quick-release connectors 23 for removal and thus cleaning. In the throttle chamber 26 • i: ·! is preferably a split shown in the drawing by a dashed line: 'a knife 27 which distributes the downward mass in a desired manner, i.e., generally uniformly parallel to the lowering hoses 10, 10a, which operate in said Ί flexible portions. In some cases, said downpipe 24 is fitted with a machine; a force-driven secondary screw conveyor (not shown) to force the mass downward, but in most cases such is unnecessary. In practice, it has been found that it is the free fall portion of about 0.2 to 1.0, preferably about 0.5 µm, formed by the downpipe 24, which provides a particularly suitable supply pressure compensation for the smooth functioning of the boot 15. According to an embodiment of the invention, this lowering tube 24 is arranged to comprise, for example, a portion of pressure slightly formed of rubber or similar material with a pressure sensor or dynamic limit switch (not shown 112521 8) for controlling the speed of rotation of the motor. Such a structure makes it possible to implement a somewhat fully automatic feed arrangement in which the feed of pulp through the screw conveyor 2 automatically adapts to the pulp delivery rate.

In practice, it has been found that a screw conveyor or a screw conveyor in itself improves the quality of the mortar and prevents the separation of its various constituents. For the same reason, the transfer of mortar, e.g., using a vibrator known per se in the art, is quite inappropriate, since vibration specifically causes said separation. Instead, the use of a vibrator in connection with the pulp container itself may be expedient, particularly in embodiments which, as such, do not have an internal combustion-electric unit, which in itself is a kind of careful vibrator.

Using the arrangement according to the invention, the masonry work is considerably accelerated. Feeding the mortar from top to bottom directly on the masonry and distributing it there avoids any unnecessary handling of the mortar, which reduces the need for labor. A typical working group would then include:; : three persons, one of whom was continuously spread-; '·> This mortar with two other people in the barn spreading the ingots; : mortar. The three-week masonry time required for a typical basement of a building so far ··· is feasible in three. a day. In practice, it has been proven that masonry. ·: ·, One of the speed limiting factors in practice is the * speed at which scaffolding can be erected on site so that the masonry team can operate within the scaffolding.

In addition to the actual time savings, accelerated performance makes; significantly reduces the dependence on the weather, and masonry tents are generally not needed in the winter as the mortar is factory ordered in bulk for better weather resistance without the risk of premature hardening. At the same time, the factory-ordered mortar is of a more uniform quality. No external electricity or pressurized water is required on site for mortar mixers. For washing, the electricity required by the pressure washer is provided from its own electrical unit and the pressure is supplied by the washer. The fact that the invention in practice most often requires the use of a lifting device lowers the threshold for obtaining a crane on the construction site, which in practice often entails additional savings. Thus, the lifting device required by the invention indirectly enhances other site operations.

A further benefit of the arrangement is that the mortar or its ingredients do not need to be handled or inhaled significantly, which significantly reduces allergic and other adverse effects. Otherwise, the work is lighter and thus less stressful. Likewise, the mortar wastage rate is much lower than traditional masonry. To understand this, reference should be made to Figure 3, which shows a corner of a wall. At such a position, the traditional masonry carriage must be lifted up from the wall and then the carriage must be turned over to the new wall. This will leave the area itself without mortar applied at the correct points, while the cargo will normally be wasted throughout the lifting procedure. Figure 3 again shows that the device according to the invention distributes the mortar, which can instead be continued all the way, without wasting the mortar. If necessary, the mortar inlet may be temporarily slowed down by adjusting the screw conveyor adjustment, or alternatively completely stopped if the dispenser 11 is fitted with closures 13 according to the described embodiment. Fig. 3 shows a distribution v for a right-handed person. equipment arrangement, whereby the masonry work again progresses clockwise.

Figure 4 finally shows a special embodiment of the general arrangement according to the invention, in particular for filling vertical joints between ingots 16. This arrangement comprises a different dispensing means, i.e. an nozzle head 29 with an active clamp, which due to the quick connector 13 can be fitted to the flexible hose 10, 10a (the second hose comprising a corresponding device 112521 10 on the opposite wall or alternatively a closed plug for this working nozzle). comprises a screw conveyor 31 rotatably driven by a battery-operated drill machine 30 known per se, which in the feed pipe 32 feeds a plaster mass pressed from the hose 10 directly into the block or other masonry blocks 16 through an attachment nozzle opening 33 at one end.

One of the significant advantages of the arrangement according to the invention is the independence from external factors, which is a valued feature especially on small construction sites. However, this does not mean that the general arrangement according to the invention is also not applicable in applications where mortar, concrete and other materials are brought in a manner comparable to industrial production, i.e. pumps and other conveyors, at least momentarily, in a relatively continuous manner. Thus, the general arrangement according to the invention is also applicable, with some modifications, to pump vehicles or such heavy equipment known per se.

Although the invention has been described above mainly with regard to block masonry, it is clear that it may be applied, as such or with minor modifications, to other types of masonry. This is the case, for example.

> traditional facade masonry has so far caused problems, as one of the functional requirements of the facade wall is an open and well-functioning air gap between the exterior wall and the structure behind it. Traditional facade masonry; ·, Easily produces excess mortar that drops down to the bottom of the air gap and spoils the ventilation. Instead, the arrangement of the invention and its special arrangement achieves a very precise and practically completely controlled application of mortar, which prevents the air gap from being filled with waste cargo.

'. Some of the preferred embodiments and features of the invention have been described above. However, it is to be understood that the invention may be practiced in many other ways within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

A method for distributing mortar or a similar binder mass in connection with masonry work, whereby by means of coercive conveying means (2, 3), the said mass is moved substantially horizontally, characterized in that the binder mass prior to the horizontal displacement is in a suspended position (k). 1) from which the pulp is first brought about by means of said conveying means (2, 3) to move freely to be above a distribution point and then via distribution means comprising a section (10, 10a) for free fall and in these propagating means ( 11) run down to the final point of use (17). 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, as a co-acting conveying means, a screw conveyor (2) is used to feed pulp to the upper end (22) of a substantially vertical drop pipe (24) which acts as a first movable section, from which end of the pulp, is caused to descend, by its own weight, via a lamp provided with a distributing knife (27), downward section (26) to the spreading means (11) and further to the point of use (17). 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that by means of separate secondary; screw means promote mass movement in the deposition section (10, 10a, 24) and / or in the propagating means (11). 4. Mortar distribution apparatus or similar binder mass (18) for use in attaching masonry pieces:. (16), with substantially horizontal machine-driven primary screws:: conveyor means (2, 3) arranged for transporting pulp; , characterized in that said conveying means'. (2, 3) are arranged to move pulp (18) above the work site from an outlet opening (1a) at a pulp container (1) located at the opposite end of the conveying means (2, 3) at which propagating means are arranged. (11) for pulp adhering to distribution means comprising a flexible and substantially free drainage section (10, 10a). 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that a secondary screw conveyor is arranged in connection with a substantially vertical first drop-down section (24) to cause the pulp to move there in a forced manner. 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that a throttle section (26) is provided at the lower end of the vertical drop section (24), from which distribution means comprising a flexible section (10, 10a) preferably leads to quick-release coupling (12) and advantageously provided with control means (13). 7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the propagating means (11) comprise parallel expansion foam means (15) whose internal spaces on the upper surface of the masonry pieces (18) form parallel binder strands (18) between which an insulating air gap ( 19) the width of which can be determined in advance. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the propagating means (11) comprise pressing means (29, 32) with an advantageous means by an accumulator; drilling machine (30) or similar rotated screw conveyor (31), "wherein the outer end of the pressing means advantageously has rotatably arranged nozzle means (33). . Apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that, advantageously in connection with pulp,; the container (1) is provided with an electrical assembly (6) and / or hydraulic motor or similar power apparatus (5) for advantageously providing steplessly controllable machine operation for the primary screw conveyor means (2), this power apparatus (8) simultaneously being advantageous acts as a vibrator to improve the fluidity of the pulp. 10. Apparatus according to any of claims 4 to 9, characterized in that the distribution apparatus is arranged as a substantially balanced unit that is freely suspended over the work place in a crane or similar device.