FI110534B - Grinder for grinding paper, cardboard or a moving web of a vegetative based fibrous raw material, has rollers or belts having a grinding surface coated with triboelectrically charged particles - Google Patents

Abstract

Grinder has rollers or belts (2,6,10) having a grinding surface in contact with a moving web, and rails (3,7,11) for moving the surface against the web direction and for adjusting the grinding force, the contact length and the web tension. The grinding surface is coated with triboelectrically charged particles having the same charge with the surface of the web. An independent claim is also included for a process of grinding paper, cardboard or a similar continuous web of a fibrous raw material based on vegetable fibers, comprising conveying the web into a grinding apparatus with at least two grinding means, contacting the web with the grinding means so that the web tension can be adjusted as desired, adjusting the web tension so that a desired grinding force between the grinding means can be obtained, and thermally spraying triboelectrically charged particles on the grinding surface. The particles have the same charge with the surface to be ground.

Description

110534

The present invention relates to a device according to the preambles of claims 1 and 24, and apparatus for grinding a continuous web made of paper, cardboard or vegetable fiber-based fiber raw material, respectively.

The invention also relates to a grinding method according to the preamble of claim 31.

The present invention relates to the treatment of paper and board and similar fiber-based webs, in particular their single or double-sided grinding. In our previous patent applications PCT / FI98 / 00341 and 980044, we have discussed the advantages of paper surface grinding, which can partially or completely replace surface calendering without compromising the strength properties of the paper or board and without impairing opacity. We have also shown that it is easier to attach different coating layers to the sanded surface and * ... respectively that the coating plastic attaches more easily to the sanded surface! surface than a regular surface. That's because !!! 25, whereby a very fine lint is formed on the surface of the web, which increases the adhesion surface of the coating particles. Typical surface roughness of paper and board is of the order of 6 microns and can be obtained by grinding 'up to one micron. Because the inner structure of the paper is not compressed, its rigidity and strength properties are retained and in some cases improved by up to 10%.

• · ·; , ·, In principle, grinding can be done in many different ways; a. Thus, an abrasive belt or an abrasive roll 35 coated with abrasive material or an abrasive stone can be used. These 2 110534 solutions are pure mechanical abrasives. It is also possible to sand with various pigments which are used at the same time or later for coating, for example by wedging the pigments at high speed against the paper web.

5

However, if you want to do a grinding so that the paper surface at the same time so called calibrating is the tape or roller or grinder the only sensible option. The most preferred of these are abrasive roll or abrasive rolls.

10

The problem with known abrasives is their clogging of wood resins with hemicellulose and possibly lignin combined with fine dust generated during grinding. In general, the abrasive pressure has been difficult to adjust in known devices, whereby too much grinding causes the surface temperature of the web to rise too high, resulting in the aforementioned clogging. Adjusting the grinding pressure is also important to accurately remove only a desired portion of the surface of the web without otherwise damaging the web.

20th The object of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art and to provide a completely novel solution for grinding continuous webs of paper and board webs and the like based on fiber.

25; [t 'The invention is based on the idea that the grinding pressure can be most easily provided by tightening the so-called. tensioning rolls, i.e., arranging a different tensioning angle between each sanding roll and • · · 'paper and adjusting the natural tension of the paper in addition to this. Multiple series rollers or belt sanders *: * is still advantageous due to the perfectly accurate dimension calibration of one grinding member; ] · _ Difficult to achieve when the following grinding elements compensate for the previous one.

35

Therefore, the present invention employs a device 110534j consisting of a plurality of abrasive elements deflected in the straight line of travel of the web, which can be brought into contact with the web. The grinding members are arranged so that they can be moved in the transverse direction of the surface of the web towards the web and away from the web to adjust the tension of the web and thus the intensity of its grinding. Preferably, each sanding member removes up to 1.5 microns of material from the web surface on average.

The polished surface can be polished and readily formed into desired patterns, such as micrographs, which may be provided with a sensing agent, such as a fluorescent powder. In addition to the abrasive unit described above, the apparatus according to the invention also comprises a post-treatment unit for modifying the surface of the sanded web obtained from the abrasive unit.

More specifically, the device and apparatus of the invention are characterized by what is stated in the characterizing parts of claims 1 and 24, respectively.

The process of the invention, in turn, is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 31.

25 ♦ »· '·' 'The invention provides considerable advantages. This allows the desired amount of material from its surface to be precisely separated from the paper or board web. By adjusting the grinding pressure, the heat build up and clogging of the grinding wheels can be reduced. By controlling the heat gain i · V '30 sun, clogging of the sanding surface can be avoided.

; ·· 1; The present invention also describes solutions for cleaning abrasive means whereby material adhering to the abrasive surface can be quickly and efficiently removed, even by continuous action, which naturally removes material at the highest (thicker) points of the web. The smoothing effect is also massively. The surface of the web is very smooth because of the different types of calendars, where the thickest parts of the web are compressed and the web density at these points increases more than the thinner ones. Fibrillation of the fibers of the web surface improves the coating performance after grinding and binds the coating particles to the web by forming a larger bonding surface.

Combining grinding with finishing also offers significant advantages. Thus, further treatment of the sanded surface is much easier than the surface of the unground sand. Further processing can be carried out by conventional methods, e.g. polishing, soft calendering and ribbon calendering. Further surface treatment can also be accomplished by other means, such as by pressing on the surface with 2 to 10 micron cavities or indentations, which may subsequently be filled with a coating or other indicator chemical, or identification ink. This produces a pattern on the surface which cannot be detected by the naked eye, but which can be identified, for example, by fluorescence or other analysis. For a normal calendered smooth surface per se, such a method of surface shaping is not applicable, as the surface becomes swollen and the smooth I · · · y compression pattern disappears when water is obtained.

'··· * Surface treatment can also be done by grinding so that the' ·· '25 forming roller rotates exactly at the web speed and grinds the surface by vibrating in the x, y or z axis.

In the following, the invention will be explored in greater detail by way of a detailed description of the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a side view of a structure according to a first preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.

Figure 2 also shows a side view of a structure according to another preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention 5 110534.

Figure 3 is a side elevational view of the basic structure of a sanding belt solution used as a grinding member.

5

Figure 4 shows one shape of the surface of the abrasive roll.

Figure 5 shows one embodiment of a device for use as a grinding member.

10

In the following description, track tension refers to the tension caused by the friction formed by a grinding member, for example a roll, and not merely the external track tension produced by the track-carrying members.

15

Figure 1 illustrates a basic embodiment of the invention in which the web 16 is ground in a roll grinder 1-15. The device comprises a track mounted on the frame 1, the axes of the rolls 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 being mounted on rails 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13, along which the rolls can be displaced perpendicular to the track and. away from it. The rolls 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and the longitudinal axes are at least substantially parallel and substantially horizontal in a perpendicular plane. In the case of Fig. 1, the rolls are arranged alternately on opposite sides of the web.

'···' 25 By moving the rolls perpendicular to the track, the machine can be adjusted 'and at the same time the track tension can be adjusted. The transfer of the rolls can be accomplished by any known actuator and mechanism, such as air or liquid cylinders and electric motors. The direction of movement of the rolls need not be perpendicular to the V * 30 track, but the rolls may be displaced, for example, by means of pivoting cranks, either obliquely or curved relative to the track. The route of the track to be treated may differ from that described in the example. average straight line, and can be accomplished depending on the grinding equipment used. The movements of the rollers 35 can also be used to adjust the grinding distance, i.e. how much the web rotates around the roll shell.

, 110534 p

Fig. 2 shows a device arrangement similar to Fig. 1 with corresponding device parts (track 35, frame 21, track 22 -33). In this case too, the track tension can be adjusted by means of rollers 5.

Instead of the rollers, grinding drums or belt sanding stations can also be used as grinding members in the devices of Figures 1 and 2. According to one embodiment, the grinding members comprise grinding rolls or drums (e.g., 2, 6, 10; 22, 26, 30) arranged on one side of the web and adjustment rollers (4, 8, 12; 24, 12) arranged on the opposite side of the web. 28, 32).

Contrary to the solutions shown in the figures, the grinding members of the apparatus can also be implemented by arranging grinding rollers or drums on one side of the web and aligning with them on the opposite side of the web press rolls which are rotatable in the direction of travel of the web. Press rollers can reduce track tension and thus adjust the grinding result.

• · «

We have found that the grinding surface of the grinder remains clean under certain conditions and is clogged by the grit under certain conditions. This is an essential observation of the present device design and the invention. When grinding paper containing wood fiber, this fiber material always contains * * * resin and resin materials, depending on the quality of the wood, with a softening point or a melting point between 65 and 75 ° C. When i »'* * * paper is pulp paper, i.e. containing chemical cellulosic, the paper is substantially free of resin and resin materials, but to some extent lignin, which typically has a glass point of 124 ° C.

»I» »<» »

The above rollers are used to perform grinding without locally exceeding the above temperatures at the grinding site. Thus, one sanding head removes 7 110534 ~ paper or fibrous webs up to about 1.5 microns of material per sanding. In other words, when more is removed, more grinding heads or grinding rolls must be used to grind the same side. To further ensure that, for example, the abrasive roller does not heat up the lira, it is preferable to use either internal or external cooling to set the abrasive tool temperature (see below).

In the preferred embodiments shown in Figures 1 and 2, two or three rotating rollers are required for grinding one surface of the paper, which can preferably rotate in the opposite direction to the direction of travel of the paper. Their rotational speed can be reversed when the track is driven through the grinder. The direction of rotation in the same direction as the direction of movement of the web can also be used.

For the abrasive device of the invention, it is preferable that the abrasive member, i.e., the roller, drum or belt, rotates at high speed relative to the abrasive fiber web to minimize surface pressure and to prevent the device from tearing the intact fibers out of the paper. The device should consume and fibrillate the fibers therein,] · * into small particles. Their recovery is • important and can be used either as a binder or to re-coat the same * «· paper.

'[: 25. *: There is a grinding powder on the surface of the grinding bodies which has a particle size. is preferably about 10 to 40 microns. As an abrasive, for example, aluminum oxide, diamond, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, tungsten nitride, boron nitride or boron carbide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, chromium oxide-silicon oxide-titanium oxide ... mixture. The abrasive powder may be fixed to the abrasive surface by electrolytic or thermal spraying,:. ·: Or it may be fixed by gluing into a uniform layer using a resin such as phenolic resin or epoxy resin or mixtures thereof or a suitable rubber compound. Hi - 8 110534 The hollow surface may also be an edge of a roll surface that grinds bent paper either as a mere sharpened sharp edge or by the shape of its edges, such as milling grooves in the roll and then smoothing the roll 5 so that the edges of the grooves The surface of the roll can also be laser-burned with grooves densely parallel to the axis of the roll, leaving the burn marks on the edges, which can be abraded by grinding the surface of the roll to calibrate the cutting edge.

It is advantageous to cool each roll and blow or suck away any part of the abrasive dust that does not get stuck in the grinding web. These two alternatives are illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of Figures 15 through 15. Figure 1 illustrates a case in which dust is aspirated under vacuum through vacuum connections 14, 15. Figure 2 illustrates how air can be blown from a pneumatic tube toward a roll or drum to cool the surface of the roll and blast away dust 34. Preferably, the blowing powerful air stream is guided from the pneumatic tube against the direction of rotation of the roll or drum.

i t * i · i t t: The surface of the sanding roller or drum may be provided with holes that are connected to a vacuum source and through which the sanded material can be removed. The grinding roller or drum may also advantageously be grooved so that only the grooves between the grooves have the part roughened by the grinding particles which performs the grinding and the intermediate groove serves as a collection point for the grinding dust. In this way, the abrasive surface does not bend and clog as easily as with the continuous abrasive surface. The same groove system also functions as a cooling part. Figure 4 schematically shows one form of a ribbed roll. In this solution, the surface of the roll has V-shaped! _ | grooves 47 between the abrasive base 48, which may be 35 coated with abrasive material or surface treated with an abrasive pattern.

9 110534

A sanding belt may also be used as a grinding member (see Figure 3). Preferably, a metal strip 41 coated with abrasive particles is used which is rotated on rolls 42-44.

To keep the tape clean, it may be adapted to pass at least occasionally in a water bath 46, and an ultrasonic source 45 is connected to the water bath to direct radiation to the tape in the ultrasonic range.

Preferably, the abrasive roll or abrasive tape may be formed by electrolyzing the metallic smooth polished or turned surface using an abrasive member as an anode. A variety of voltages and electrolyte compositions can be etched to the surface to produce a desired pattern, the edges of which act as price edges. The electrolysed surface may be tempered or the electrolytic treatment may be applied to the tempered surface.

Electrolytic etching can be carried out, for example, in the following manner. Place the stainless steel in an electrolyte-20 containing 7 g / l soda and 2.5 g / l NaOH and apply a distance of 15 mm between the anode and cathode and a high voltage of 12 V. This gave a completely I '·· surface of the original surface which was filled with holes of 0.1 to 0.3 mm, which were almost completely hemispherical and completely sharp-edged. In this method, it is essential that the electrode · 'lysis voltage is high enough to allow uneven etching 1:. * To begin. Therefore, the voltage must be higher than when making a uniform electrolytic plating. 1

The electrolytically prepared abrasive surface is particularly suitable. too abrasive the surface of the paper when, due to other abrasive effects or originally due to the properties of the paper, large fibers are exposed from its 'I' surface, whereby the abrasive surface: wells break fibers like a razor blade and not like a sharp edge. Such a surface is particularly advantageous as a final abrasive surface because it effectively smoothes the surface '0 110534, breaking the fibers protruding from it.

According to the present invention, it can be ensured that the abrasive device cannot become clogged in the following way: When the abrasive surface begins to become obstructed at some point, this place generates more heat than usual and this obstruction site begins to spread and form e.g. a clogged parallel track that tends to spread. This is particularly true for grinding wood-containing paper or board 10. Such clogging can be removed during sanding from the surface of the roll or tape with a strong light beam in the same way as, for example, US Polycon Industries removes paint from the surface of ships, for example, with powerful Xenon lamp flashes.

15

The abrasive surface may also be cleaned with a surface containing adhesive, which removes particles from the abrasive surface when the adhesive surface is pressed onto and removed from the abrasive surface. A surprising finding was that the surface formed of the Al 2 O 3 abrasive particles did not itself adhere to the adhesive adhesive (e.g., styrene-butadiene-based adhesive adhesive) and the adhesive adhesive did not adhere to the · ··· sanded abrasive tape.

i · »

In the case where the abrasive element is a metal abrasive element (eg a roller or belt covered with abrasive material), the device may be provided with an inductive heater which enables the abrasive element to be heated. In this case, a pneumatic tube is preferably connected to the device, by means of which a flow of air ·; ·, 30 can be conducted towards the heated grinding member to remove the loose dust. The metallic surface or surface coated with an electrically conductive material such as chromium dioxide or titanium oxide can be electrolyzed by electrolysis of abrasive electrolysis to cathode spin, whereby the gas bubbles formed at the cathode blow from the gaps of the abrasive material. material accumulated there.

11 110534

Preferably, a laser beam may be used to monitor the condition of the grinding surface of the grinder. From a normal clean abrasive surface, the laser beam is reflected by a typical reflection angle of the abrasive particles to a particular reflection pattern which depends on the roughness and quality of the abrasive particle in question. As soon as the grinder begins to become clogged or loses abrasive properties for some other reason, the nature and amount of the reflection pattern will be automatically detected and corrected, e.g. by removing the jamming components from the grinder or by replacing the grinder with another previous one.

A fine pigment can be added to the belt or grinding roller during grinding to enhance the grinding and to clean the grinding surface, either occasionally or occasionally, which binds the grinding dust to itself and keeps the grinding surfaces clean. A laser or other light source whose reflection is used to monitor the cleanliness of the grinding surface must be below the wavelength of red light, otherwise a fine surface of 10-30 micron particles will not provide sufficient scattering of the control light. Surveillance of such a surface by a laser beam composed of • * ·· abrasive particles can only be done when the laser beam has a wavelength less than 20 times the particle size of 25 kb. In this case, the clogged surface and the clean surface give a different reflection in the radial direction. In this case, the direction of the beam. *. * Must be approximately the same as the direction of the sanding surface. The direction of the beam should not deviate from the surface by more than 0.5 -3 degrees.

30

In addition to the above, the present invention also has other embodiments.

The abrasive material does not necessarily have to be solid: bonded to the abrasive surface. Fig. 5 shows an arrangement * · 35 in which a magnetic abrasive is attached to the surface of the endless belt 50 by means of a magnet 49 during a grinding operation. The ground material may be any sufficiently hard magnetic powder, for example, iron, steel, magnetite, cobalt, nickel, or a mixture of these or other known magnetic materials. The abrasive device comprises said belt, which may be made of metal or polymeric material or other suitable material from which a continuous endless belt can be made. The strap material should not be magnetic in order to completely magnetize. The passage of the belt 50 is controlled by rollers 51, 52 and a magnet 49 is disposed between the rollers 51, 52 10 on the inside of the belt loop, a counter roll 53 is disposed opposite the magnet 49 and the treated web 16 is guided to pass through the roll roll 53 by guide rolls 54, 55. The counter roll 53 can be fitted so close to the belt 50 that the web 16 passing through it 15 can be pressed against the belt. The belt 50 can be rotated at a desired speed according to the desired grinding effect and the speed of the belt preferably differs from that of the web 16. 1

The abrasive dust and abrasive material are collected in the movement direction of the belt 50 by a magnet-fitted vacuum cleaner 56, which is connected to a vacuum generating blower 56 which supplies the abrasive and dust to the cyclone separator 58. The cyclone separator can be operated by magnetic separation: separation method. The abrasive is returned to the belt by a blower 59 along line 60 and dust is removed through line 61 *. To enhance the abrasive collection, a magnet or a suitably directed air blast may be used at the separation point.

<*: *. 30 • ·. Grinding force and web tension can be set to a value suitable for grinding ... for example in the following ways. First, the * 'grinding force is set by moving the grinding members and the track guide *, * · diverting members (4, 8, 12) to an initial tension of the track, after which the final grinding force and track tension are set by conventional pulling devices. 110534 by adjusting the track tension. On the other hand, the hollow force can be set by adjusting the track tension using the track pulling devices by conventionally adjusting the track tension to an initial value, after which the final track tension and grinding force are adjusted by adjusting the position of the grinding members (2, 6, 10) Track tension can be measured with conventional tension measuring devices.

Further treatment of the polished surface can be performed either directly on this polished surface or when the polished surface is glued or lightly coated. Further treatment is normal polishing, light calendering or re-drying of the sanded and slightly moistened surface against a smooth heating surface, or a combination of all. The polishing unit may comprise a polishing belt moving at a different speed from the surface to be polished and consisting of a woven metal and / or polymer fabric. The smooth heating surface mentioned above may be a smooth cylinder or a smooth heated tape.

20

The web can be subjected to a forcing or embossing treatment either directly or after the aforementioned preferred grinding step. In the compression step, the surface is formed by pressing or:: grinding to a desired, regular pattern, e.g. containing 25 micro-imprints. The depressions may be filled with a sensing agent such as a fluorescent powder.

i · · • ·

The further processed, shaped surface is particularly suited for so-called. as a raw material for security paper such as banknote paper. Ground /: ·. However, other types of paper and board products can be provided by surface design. Design can change the appearance of the surface by continuous, regular patterning ·; · which is usually different from paper and cardboard. ; where the surface appearance is based on a random pattern 35 variation.

Claims (36)

110534 Apparatus for treating a moving web (16) made of paper, cardboard or similar vegetable fiber-based raw material, comprising: - a frame (1), and means (2, 4, 6, 8) arranged on the frame (1). , 10, 22) for guiding a moving web (16) along a defined web, characterized by 15 - at least two processing means (2, 6, 10) comprising an abrasive surface adjustable against the surface of the moving web (16), and 3, 7, 11) for moving at least one abrasive surface (2, 6, 10) at least partially in the direction of the surface to be treated of the movable web (16): "and the abrasive force between the abrasive surface, abrasive member and web, and The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of straight track directions::: deflected abrasive means which can be brought into contact. ;:: 30 here ra to the transverse direction of the surface of the web towards and away from the web, ··, to adjust the tension of the web and thus the strength of its grinding. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grinding members consist of successively arranged 110534 grinding rolls or drums or belt sanding stations. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the grinding members comprise alternately grinding rolls or drums arranged on either side of the web 5. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the grinding members comprise grinding rolls or drums arranged on one side of the web and adjusting rollers arranged on the opposite side of the web 10. Device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the grinding members comprise grinding rolls or drums arranged on one side of the web and press rollers arranged on the opposite side of the web, which are rotatable in the direction of travel of the web. Device according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the grinding rolls or drums are coolable on at least 20 grinding surfaces. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abrasive elements can be adapted to be pressed against the web so that the surface temperature of the abrasive element does not exceed a predetermined temperature limit for wood. »· '· * * Preferably for grinding webs is 65 ° C and pulp containing> ·' · * 'is preferably 124 ° C.' 9. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, * 30 characterized by a laser device which can be applied to the grinding surface of the grinding element. a moving laser beam whose changes in the pattern of reflection can be deduced from drying and / or clogging of the grinding surface. »» »» I • I Device according to any one of the preceding claims, 110534, characterized in that the abrasive element has a particle size of 10 to 40 microns on its surface. Device according to Claim 10, characterized in that the abrasive powder is fixed to the abrasive surface by electrolytic or thermal spraying, or it is fixed by gluing to a uniform layer using a resin such as phenolic resin or epoxy resin or mixtures thereof. 10 Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the grinding element is a roll, the surface of which has grooves (47) parallel to the axis of the roll, for example with a laser beam, the edges of the grooves forming an abrasive edge or jagged cutting edge. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a grinding roll or drum is used as the grinding member, characterized in that holes 20 are formed in the surface of the grinding roll or drum which are connected to a vacuum source and through which the material to be removed from the grinding web. ·· transported away. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the abrasive member is an abrasive roller or drum, known. in that the surface of the roll or drum is grooved, the grooves are arranged substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the web and the abrasive particles implanted on the surface of the grooves are carried out by grinding; The device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the grinding member is a grinding roller or drum, characterized by at least one pneumatic tube directed towards one roller or drum; ; a housing for blowing a strong air stream against the direction of rotation of the roll or drum to cool the roll and remove dust adhering to the surface of the roll or drum. 110534 Device according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the abrasive element is a metal strip coated with abrasive particles. 5 Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the tape is at least occasionally adapted to travel in a water bath and an ultrasonic source is connected to the water bath to direct radiation to the tape in the ultrasonic region. 10 Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the abrasive element is a metal abrasive element, characterized by an inductive heater for heating the abrasive element and a pneumatic tube for conducting an air stream towards the heated abrasive element for removal of the loose dust. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a flash source having high-intensity flashes of lightning applied to the abrasive surface to remove material adhering to the abrasive surface. »· I Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abrasive particles are aluminum oxide, diamond, tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, tungsten nitride, boron nitride, boron carbide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, titanium oxide, a silica-chromium oxide mixture or a mixture containing two or more of these substances. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the abrasive surface is made of metal> 35 cm. y 'list and treated as an anode in electrolytic treatment \ t \; using at least a voltage such that the surface is 110534 Apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that at least one abrasive element, in particular the last abrasive element, is an electrolytically produced abrasive element whose surface cuts off the fibers protruding from the surface 5 to be sanded. Apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one abrasive surface comprising an electrically conductive material and an electrolysis device, the cathode-abrasive surface of which can be adapted to purify it by means of gas bubbles formed at the cathode. Apparatus for treating a moving web (16) of paper, cardboard or similar vegetable fiber-based raw material, comprising: - means (2, 4, 6) adapted to the abrasive unit having a body (1), 8, 10, 22) for guiding a moving web (16) along a defined web, at least two manipulation means (2, 6, 10) comprising an abrasive surface 20 adjustable against the surface of the moving web (16) and means ( 3, 7, 11) for moving at least one abrasive surface (2, 6, 10) from a moving surface (16) to handle: *: * against the wrong surface between the abutment surface (16) and the abrasive surface: and 25 to set the track tension, and - a post-treatment unit to modify the surface of the grinded track obtained from the grinding unit. An apparatus as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that the after-treatment unit comprises a gloss station. Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the polishing station comprises a strip polisher having a polishing strip adjustable to travel at a different speed from the web being processed. 110534 Apparatus according to claim 25, characterized in that the polishing station comprises a cylindrical surface or a smooth heated strip. 5 Apparatus according to any one of claims 25 to 27, characterized in that the polishing station comprises a web wetting unit and / or coating unit in which water, water vapor and / or polymer, including a cationic and / or pigmented polymer can be introduced into the web surface. Apparatus according to one of Claims 24 to 28, characterized in that the post-processing unit comprises an embossing or embossing station. 15 Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that the embossing or embossing station has a embossing or embossing means for forming a pattern with indentations on the surface of the ground web, and optionally a coating means for coating the pattern and / or indentations of the pattern at least partially fill. '···' · 31. A method for grinding a continuous web of paper, cardboard or similar vegetable fiber based: · * icy fiber raw material, characterized in that * · · ·. on a grinder having at least V: two grinding members::: 30 - positioning the grinding members in contact with the web so that the web tension can be set as desired, and - setting the web tension so that the grinding force between the grinding members and the web is desired . A method according to claim 31, characterized in that the abrasive members are brought into contact with a predetermined tension of the web surface, and the final web tension is adjusted by changing the position of the abrasive members. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that the abrasive elements are brought into contact with the surface of the predetermined tension web, and the final web tension is adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed and / or torque of the webs driving the web. 10 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the treatable side of the web is treated with a plurality of abrasive members and each abrasive member removes up to 1.5 microns of material from the web surface on average. 15 A method according to claim 34, characterized in that, in order to keep the abrasive surface clean, a pigment is introduced along with the abrasive web, which binds itself to the dust released from the web. The method of claim 35, wherein the web is fed with calcium carbonate, talc, kaolin, silica or aluminum or magnesium silicate. A method according to claim 34 or 35, characterized in that the pigment fed with the web is used to bond the resin to be released from the web and to fix the abrasive dust and pigment, e.g. by wetting the abrasive surface '/ · 30 with known binders such as water-soluble polymers and / or emulsified polymers. 38. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that the abrasive surface of the abrasive member is cleaned by applying to it a stream of air, ultrasonic radiation or magnifying 110534 flashes, or by means of an adhesive tape. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that the abrasive force is set by moving the abrasive element (2, 6, 10) and the track guiding elements (4, 8, 12) to an initial position, whereby the initial abrasion force is formed, and the track tension is adjusted by means of the track pulling devices by conventionally adjusting the track tension. A method according to claim 31, characterized in that the grinding force is set by adjusting the track tension by means of the track pulling devices by conventionally adjusting the track tension to an initial value, after which the final track tension is adjusted by the grinding members (2, 6, 10) ) by adjusting the position. A method according to any one of claims 31 to 40, characterized in that the ground paper web is polished. 42. A method as claimed in claim 41, characterized in that the web is polished with a polishing belt having a speed different from that of the web to be polished, wherein: the polishing tape consists of a woven metal or polymeric • •) cover. : .. Γ 25 A method according to claim 41, characterized in that the web is polished and dried with a smooth: cylinder or heated smooth strip, wherein: the polished surface is optionally slightly moistened prior to polishing. »· A method according to any one of claims 31 to 43, characterized in that, after any polishing, the embossed surface is embossed by forcing · · · · 35 or by grinding. The method of claim 44, characterized by forming regular imprints and optionally filling at least a portion of the imprints with a pattern recognition agent such as a fluorescent powder. 110534