FI109132B - Use of SHS material as bullet and fragment / burglary material - Google Patents

Description

, 109132

USE OF SHS TECHNICAL MATERIALS AS PROTECTION AND FRAGMENT PROTECTION MATERIAL / ANTI-PROTECTION MATERIAL

The invention relates to the use of a material made of ceramic material 5 and metallic binder by SHS as bullet and fragment protection material / 1 / protection material.

The materials used in the protective structures must be capable of stopping various fragments and bullets. 10 Furthermore, the protective structure itself must not form dangerous fragments or at least be reliably stopped by other structures. The material properties required for burglary protection materials are much the same as those for bullet and fragment protection materials. The high hardness of the Ma-15 materials is necessary to prevent the material from being machined with, for example, a full-carbide drill or an angle grinder blade. The melting point of the material must be high in order, for example, to make it difficult to burn. Further, the material should be 20 tough enough not to crumble e.g. bark or mock. Design of protective structure iii <; requires optimization of the material's hardness and toughness properties ... as well as the overall structure for each application and against each threat such as bullet type, * · '' 25 caliber, etc.

In the application, the term "protective material" refers to bullet and fragment protection / burglary: material.

*] · _ Formerly known as steel-based materials and so-called. · use of soft materials such as aramid fabrics or hard laminates thereof; · use of tiles as a protective material.

These currently used protective structures 35 and materials are designed almost invariably against conventional lead bullets or at most steel-core armor bullets (AP Bullets Armor 109132

Piercing). Em. protective structures and materials are unable to stop modern carbide-barreled AP bullets, which have a permeability approximately double that of conventional armor bullets and three times that of lead-5 bullets, as in very thick layers. The problem with thick layers is their high weight.

The object of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks.

In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a hard and tough ductile protective material. It is a further object of the invention to provide lightweight and easily made protective material in various shapes and sizes.

The invention is characterized in what is set forth in claim 1.

The invention is based on research work carried out on self-propagating High Temperature Synthesis (SHS) hard metal type composite materials, which have been found to have excellent properties as protective materials.

The protective material produced by the SHS, ·: technology used in accordance with the invention is based on a frame: and: metallic binder. The SHS technology is a carbide type composite material containing hard * · ceramic particles and a metal bonding agent. The ceramic material may be titanium carbide: 30 TiC, titanium boride TiB, titanium diboride TiB2 and / or titanium carbide alumina TiC-Al 2 O 3. Usually, the ceramic material is titanium carbide TiC or titanium carbide alumina TiC-Al 2 O 3.

The metallic binder may be any of the 35 tough metals. Usually, the metallic binder is a metal of the 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th and / or 12th side, 1, 2, suitable for use in construction materials.

3,109,132 and / or metal of the main group 13 and / or an alloy and / or compound thereof such as titanium Ti, zirconium Zr, niobium Nb, chromium Cr, molybdenum Mo, iron Fe, cobalt Co, nickel Ni, copper Cu, zinc Zn, lithium Li, beryllium Be, magnesium Mg and / or aluminum Al and / or a mixture and / or compound thereof. The metal binder is preferably chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, iron, nickel, aluminum and / or alloys and / or compounds thereof.

In the invention, the term SHS carbide refers to a shielding material made by SHS technology based on titanium carbide TiC, titanium boride TiB, titanium diboride TiB2 and / or titanium carbide alumina TiC-Al 2 O 3 and a metallic binder.

The composition of the shielding material produced by SHS technology is selected according to both performance and price. The performance properties are affected by the required protective capacity, ie hardness and toughness, weight, finish, etc., and by the cost of the protective material and structure. Hard, tough and lightweight protective material is, for example, TiC-Ni-based SHS carbide. Lightweight materials include SHS carbides, which are: · framed by titanium carbide alumina, e.g. TiC-:: 25 Al 2 O 3 -Al or TiC-Al 2 O 3 -based carbides. The latter are also inexpensive in that they can be made using inexpensive starting materials such as paint pigment TiO 2, carbon dust, aluminum and / or iron powder.

In one embodiment, the shielding material according to the invention is a TiS-Ni-based SHS-carbide, e.g. TiC-NiMo and / or a TiC-CoNi-based SHS-carbide.

In another embodiment, the shielding material according to the invention 35 is a TiS-Al 2 O 3-based SHS carbide, e.g., a TiC-Al 2 O 3 -Al or TiC-Al 2 O 3-Fe-based SHS carbide.

4,109,132

The concentration of binder in the protective material is between 1 and 60% by weight, depending on the intended use. Protective materials with low binder content are harder and have less fracture toughness than high binder materials. The concentration of the binder is usually from 15 to 50% by weight, preferably from 20 to 40% by weight.

The SHS method is based on a highly exothermic reaction in which the raw material powders react intermittently when the reaction is ignited at some point, for example by an electric resistance or a welding flame. The reaction proceeds after ignition does not require external energy. The reaction generates an extremely high temperature momentarily, whereby most metals and some of the ke-15 frames are in a molten state. The reacted mixture becomes a dense piece when the mixture is pressed into a mold while it is still hot and in a plastic state. The SHS method does not require separate formatting and Sint ... rendering steps. The method makes it possible to produce 20 pieces of the desired shape and size, e.g., arc and complex shapes. In addition, it is possible to use inexpensive commercially available commercial powders as starting materials. SHS-: The method is described, for example, in Lintula P. and: Ruuskanen P., Wear and Corrosion Resistant Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Self-Propagating High-: Temperature Synthesis (SHS), Proceedings of the 5th Eu-. ropean conference on Advanced Materials and Processes / Applications, Vol. 1, pp. 347-350, 1997.

V 30 Shielding material produced using SHS technology can be used for so-called "shielding". gradient structures and sandwich structures. In gradient structures and sandwich structures, the composition and hardness of the shielding material vary as a function of the thickness of the structure.

35 In a gradient structure, the hardness varies as a function of the thickness of the barrier material without a sharp border. The change in hardness of the material is achieved by changing the concentration of the metallic binder.

In one embodiment, the shielding material is selected such that the surface hardness of the material is extremely high and the material becomes more viscous to the background, i.e.. the binder content of the shielding material is low on the surface and increases with depth. Gradient structures are preferably made from TiC-Ni based SHS carbide combinations.

10 The layer structure consists of different layers of protected material. The various layers are formed of protective materials having varying compositions of metallic binder and / or ceramic.

In one embodiment, the material surface 15 has a very hard surface layer, e.g. TiC-Ni-based SHS carbide, and the backing material is a lighter TiC-Al 2 O 3-based SHS carbide, e.g. SHS carbide with iron or aluminum as metallic binder.

't 20 Applications where gradient and layer structures provide a very hard layer to the surface are capable of crushing, deforming or deflecting | to its direction also the hard core or bullet core of the bullet and: thus destroying its penetration ability. The tougher lightweight 25 backbone stops fragments from the surface layer and remnants of the carbide core.

. ; The shielding material produced by the SHS technology according to the invention may be attached to various shielding materials and / or structures such as other SHS carbides, ceramics, metal sheets, fragmentation panels, fiber composite structures such as aramid fabrics and polymeric fibers. e.g. polyethylene and / or other similar materials and / or structures. By combining SHS carbides with other SHS carbides and other protective materials, a total of 6,109,132 structures are obtained, the materials of which meet well the requirements of the materials used in the protective structures.

The SHS protection material has the advantage of its hardness and toughness. In addition, it is easy to modify and optimize these properties, as well as the overall structure of the material, for different applications and threats. Furthermore, the invention enables significant weight savings in protective structures, since hard and tough duct material is not required to be as thick as known materials. Particularly against carbide-core bullets, the materials of the invention achieve significant weight savings. Furthermore, the invention makes it easy to produce kappa-15 bridges of the desired shape and size for each application. Further, the invention has the advantage of being economical, since the production of the shielding material by the SHS technique does not require separate forming and sintering steps. In addition, the raw materials are inexpensive and readily available. 20 commercial powders.

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein: "Figure 1 shows the hardness and toughness of SHS-based carbides, and: Figure 2 shows the SHS-produced I | -based carbides and commercial ceramics; * toughness values.

, 30 Example 1

The effect of the composition and concentration of the metallic binder on the hardness and toughness of TiS-based carbides produced by SHS was investigated. Hardness was measured as Vickers hardness at 1 35 kg (HVI) and toughness was measured at IF (Indentation

Fracture). The metal binder used in the experiment was a mixture of nickel and molybdenum at various binder concentrations and a mixture of cobalt, chromium and nickel. The results are shown in Figure 1.

As shown in Figure 1, the TiC-NiMo SHS carbide with a lower binder content is 5 harder and has a lower fracture toughness than the corresponding higher TiC-NiMo-based SHS carbide.

Figure 2 shows the toughness values of TiC-NiMo-based hard metal produced by SHS and commercial ceramics. The dark part of the column represents the variation between different composition concentrations or manufacturer. Ceramic toughness values are collected from commercial brochures.

Figure 2 shows that the TiC-NiMo-based 15 SHS hard metal has a higher fracture toughness than commercial ceramics.

Example 2

Experiments investigated the properties of TiC-Ni- and TiC-Al 2 O 3 -Fe-based SHS carbides (= SHS-20 material) and composite structures thereof as bullet and shield material and compared them with the properties of armored steel. In the experiment, i · a) Carbide 7.62x51 AP bullet Carl- was used; 25 Gustaf, which has the highest permeability of 7.62 assault rifle cartridges,. ,: b) 7.62x39 caliber of the corresponding carbide cores. / bullet (AP 411), and (c) P-80 7.62x51 steel-core armor bullet.

* V 30 The bullet of a) was stopped with a structure of 84 kg / m 2 (38.6 + Fe 46.8 kg / m 2 SHS material). 470 HB armor steel would have been needed at 195 kg / m2.

The bullet at (b) was stopped with a structure 35 of 45 kg / m 2 (SHS material 37.2 + Ai 8.1 kg / m 2) and a structure with 54 aramid fabric packs (2x21 layers, 9.2 kg / m 2). kg / m2 SHS-8 109132 material. 470 HB of armored steel would have been needed at 119 kg / m2.

The bullet of c) was stopped with a structure with a 6.0 mm thick SHS wafer on armor steel 5 (500HB), a basis weight of 31 + 47 = 78 kg / m2, and a structure with an aramid fabric pack (2x21 layers, 9.2 kg / m2). ) on top of 31 kg / m2 SHS material. With the first structure, the bulging was only 0.5 mm, so the bullet would have stopped at a much lighter 10 structure.

The lightweight TiC-Al203-Fe-based SHS carbide is also well suited as a bullet and shield material for steel-core armor and normal lead bullets.

15

The invention is not limited to the above embodiments only, but many modifications are possible within the scope of the inventive idea defined by the claims.

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Claims (11)

1. Use of a material made of ceramic material and metallic binder according to SHS technology as ball and splitter protection material / burglar protection material. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the ceramic is made up of titanium carbide TiC, titanium boride TiB, titanium diboride TiB2, and / or titanium carbide alumina TiC-Al2O3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metallic binder consists of a metal from side group 4., 5., 6., 9., 11. And / or 12., a metal from main group 1. , And / or 13 and / or a mixture and / or a compound of these usually Ti, Zr, Nb, Cr, Mo, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Li, Be, Al, and / or Mg and / or a mixture and / or a compound thereof. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the metallic binder is Cr, Co, Mo, Fe, Ni, Ai and / or a mixture and / or a compound thereof. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ceramic is titanium carbide and the metallic binder is nickel or a nickel-based mixture. Use according to any one of claims 1 '- 4, characterized in that the ceramic is titanium carbide-alumina and the metallic / binder is aluminum and / or iron. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the content of the metallic binder is 1 - 60% by weight, usually 15%, preferably 1 - 50% by weight, advantageously 20 - 40% by weight. -%. Use according to any of claims 1; 35 - 7, characterized in that the composition and hardness of the protective material change as a function of the thickness of the protective material. 12 109132 Use according to claim 8, characterized in that the content of the metallic binder varies as a function of the thickness of the protective material. Use according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, the content of the metallic binder and / or the ceramic material varies as a function of the thickness of the protective material. Use according to any of claims 1 - 10, 10, characterized in that the material is attached to other SHS cure metals and / or other protective materials and / or structures, such as ceramics, metal plates, splitter panels and / or fiber composite components. structures, such as aramid fabrics and / or polyethylene fiber fabrics. • · · 1 »» t I · •