FI109047B - Device for suspending wall lining material in a tunnel - Google Patents

Description

109047

DEVICE FOR HANGING THE WALL COVER SYSTEM MATERIAL TO THE TUNNEL

The present invention relates to a device for hanging discrete wall covering material in a rock space, in particular a road or rail tunnel, whereby the rock space wall cover is installed at a certain distance from the rock space walls and ceiling by means of rock bolts and the wall covering freely tightens between rock bolts.

10 Wall cladding is particularly suitable for use in road and rail tunnels and is intended to withstand the frequent pressure and suction forces exerted by passing vehicles, such as trains and combined vehicles, which continue to push large volumes of air and provide similar suction at the rear.

15

In addition, the wall covering must be able to withstand the strong vibrations caused by vehicles passing by, and in particular the vibrations transmitted from vehicles through the bottom of the tunnel to the rock wall and further to the load-bearing members of the cover fastenings.

Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide an effective, water retaining * ··. color sealing of wall coverings.

«· · • ·» • · ·

• I

'! NO 180423 discloses one solution to the previous and in particular the aforementioned needs. By using tubular fastening means for fastening the cloth-like wall covering material between the fastening members, it is possible to * · · provide a relatively independent wall covering. The tubular fasteners «· * engage relatively delicately in the fabric material, whereby perforation of the fabric material can be largely avoided by ordinary loads.

| : Y: 30 In practice, a satisfactory fastening of the fabric material can be achieved and a solution available for a variety of applications.

* · ·

However, under certain conditions of use, it is desirable to provide a stronger wallcovering material than can be provided with a fabric material.

·: · *: 35 In addition, especially in road tunnels, there is a need for refractory surface materials such as concrete.

2 109047 To date, concrete paving material has been accomplished by: - either injection molding concrete directly into the rock, - or attaching an internal mold and pouring concrete between the rock and the inner mold 5, - or installing a prefabricated concrete element supported locally on the rock.

Both of the first mentioned solutions require large amounts of concrete 10 to fill the hollow spaces of the rock wall in a satisfactory manner and to achieve a smooth wall covering. However, water leaks through the wall covering can cause problems, as well as falling stones from the rock walls, ie stones that loosen and fall on the driveway.

i 15 The third of these solutions is labor intensive and expensive.

The present invention is directed to a device which makes it possible to take advantage of the advantages provided by the wallcovering disclosed in the aforementioned publication NO 180423, and which, in a simple manner, provides significant structural advantages.

This is achieved by using a wall covering known from NO 180423 ·: · 'As a back mold to form a separate concrete vault or separate concrete liner.

O 25

The device according to the invention is characterized in that the liquid-tight fabric material and its associated fastening means for applying the fabric material when applied form a rear mold into which the spray concrete layer is injected, the fabric material and fastening elements being * · · Of which, together with the additional reinforcement material applied to and by the fastening elements * ·; belonging to the rock bolts, forms a reinforcement for the wall covering.

* · ·

According to the invention, it is possible to use the fabric material on the one hand as a formwork component when spraying concrete, and on the other hand as a liquid-tight membrane against rock during use.

3 109047

According to the invention, it is possible in a simple manner to attach an additional concrete reinforcement through the rear mold to the rock bolts, while certain fastening elements in the rear mold may also provide reinforcement to the same object.

5

It is possible that a single or double reinforcement may be used in a separate application, which includes reinforcing mats, the reinforcements being secured to the rock by rock bolts of the rear mold.

The invention provides a separate reinforced concrete vault having significant operational advantages through a relatively simple concrete spraying process based on the use of a liquid wall membrane separate wall covering structure known per se.

j f | 15 A separate wall covering structure acting as a liquid membrane may e.g. in a manner known per se, providing access for personnel to control the rear of the rear mold, i.e. the rear of the concrete vault itself. By allowing the back mold comprising said fabric material to be included in the liner / concrete vault itself, as an integrated component, the benefits of an hour-to-20 hour wallcovering structure can be maintained, and in particular provide an effective liquid membrane against the rock face.

Other features of the invention will be apparent from the following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 25 V. · Figure 1 is a sectional view of a section of a road tunnel having a separate concrete vault or a separate concrete wall covering formed by through.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic cross-sectional view, on the left side of the drawing, for a portion of the rear molded concrete injection molding, on the right side of the drawing: a rear mold, pre-sprayed with concrete.

Figure 3 is a top view of a single tunnel longitudinal reinforcement bar mounting plate.

Figure 4 shows a vertical section through a portion of the rear mold.

4, 109047

Figure 5 is a horizontal sectional view of a portion of the rear mold.

Fig. 1 shows a wall covering device according to the invention, which has been reset to 5 with a rock space 10a shaped by a road tunnel 10a bounded by rock form 10.

The road tunnel 10a is bounded by the tunnel roof 11, the two opposite tunnel walls 12 and the tunnel bottom 13, which forms the roadway of the tunnel 10a. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the tunnel 10a has, as usual, a substantially circular-arcuate roof and wall profile having the same radius of curvature, which defines the optimum width and height of the tunnel.

The exemplary embodiment shown is a two-lane road tunnel having a 15 circular arc tunnel profile with a radius of curvature of about 5050 mm for the rock form itself. The radius of curvature of the corresponding circular arc wall profile shown in the drawing is approximately 5000 mm. Alternatively, the profile of the road tunnel, i.e. the profile of the wall covering, may deviate from the arc shown and may have a significantly different arc shape since the application of the wall cover can be relatively simply adapted to the profile of the tunnel.

Although not exemplified herein, it is clear that in a simple manner it is possible to adapt the wall covering arrangement to other applications, such as arbitrary rock formations and arbitrary applications.

The roof space 11 and the walls 12 of the rock compartment have bolts 14 secured transversely to the main plane of the tunnel ceiling and tunnel walls, i.e., at a predetermined mutual distance in rows or rows in the longitudinal and lateral directions of the tunnel.

»· · * · · •» * ·

In the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, the bolts 14 may be fixed, for example, to a mutual distance of 1500 to 3000 mm, and in the transverse direction to a center distance of 500 to 3000 mm.

5 109047

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the rock bolts 14 are arranged separately from the outset without any special mutual stiffening. The rock bolts 14 have an external screw thread 14a so that the adjustable fastening of the rear mold 15 to the rock bolts 14 can be implemented. In practice, the tunnel 10a transverse rows of calipers 5 at the initial stage of the injection, may be interconnected by fabric material in the rear mold 15. In this way, it is possible to allow the rear mold 15 to provide the only connection between the rows and rows of rock bolts 14.

! 10

The rear mold 15 is initially attached to the rock bolts so that it is possible to inject the sprayed concrete 16 directly into the mold 15 from one side (see right side of Figure 2).

In the illustrated embodiment, the mold 15 comprises a wall covering similar to that disclosed in NO 180423. Each rock bolt 14 extends through the wall covering / mold 15 in the embodiment shown herein to secure the reinforcing material 17 to be cast into the concrete 16.

The rear mold 15 comprises a first group of longitudinally bent, tube-to-tubular fastening members 18 and a second group of corresponding longitudinally-bent, tubular, interconnected fastening members 19a, 19b. Fastening members • 19a, 19b are locally connected to each other by a group of transverse connecting members 20, ···: such that the fastening members 19a, 19b and their associated connecting members form a relatively rigid fastening member in one piece.

Fig. 2 shows a detail of the upper part of the rear mold, i.e. the ceiling 11 of the tunnel 10a. It shows one pair of separate end-to-end fastening members 18 secured at opposite ends by elongated fastening holes (not shown). at the bolt between the first nut 21 and the second nut 22.

! »*> ·

Similarly, the first and second pairs of interconnected fastening members 19a, 19b at each of their opposite ends are secured to a common bolt 14 in a common connecting member 20 of the fastening members 19a, 19b at respective opposite ends (not shown). between the second nut 22 and the third nut 23.

6 109047

An approximately U-shaped mounting plate 24 is secured to the bolt 14 between the third nut 23 and the fourth nut 25.

Between the fifth nut 26 and the sixth nut 27, a relief plate 28 is provided in a corresponding attachment for receiving upward and downward weight of the injected concrete. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the weight relief plate 28 and the bolt 14 and the nut 27, when the injection concrete enters its pre-cast state, are completely embedded, i.e., covered in the injection concrete.

10

Along with other lower mounting bolts - possibly excluding the bolts adjacent to the middle mounting bolt shown in Figure 1 - the weight reduction plate 28 is omitted while bolts 14 are similarly shortened.

15

At the opposite end portions of the mounting plate 28 are provided bores 24b, 24c (see Figs. 2 and 3) for securing the holding threads 29 for securing two parallel reinforcing bars 30, 31 extending in the longitudinal direction 10a of the tunnel.

In the areas between the bolts 14, each pair of fastening members 19a, 19b is interconnected ... by a fastening stop 32 having an inverted L-shaped cross-section. The fastening stop 32 is secured to the fastening members 19a, 19b by the longer L-leg, and the shorter L-leg is arranged so that it protrudes laterally.

···· Figures 4 and 5 show an elongate reinforcing bar 33 which extends at a right angle between the L-branches. The reinforcing iron 33 may be bonded to the fastener; at the stop 32 using a steel wire (not shown).

• · · * · · * · φ

The reinforcing mat 34, with its elongate reinforcing irons 34a; y; and transverse reinforcing bars 34b secured by steel wires (not shown) *: ·, 30 to a reinforcing bar 33. As is known, it is possible to use steel wires, clips, spacers or the like to fasten the reinforcement in a suitable manner.

··· A rectangular fabric material 35 or other suitable wall covering material, such as a relatively thin-walled, waterproof, possibly reinforced fabric, is fixed between the bolts 14.

109047 7 In practice, fabric webs of more than 10,000 mm in length may be used as wall covering material, which may be transverse to the road tunnel 10a and arranged together over the entire tunnel vault. A plurality of such fabric sections may be joined together at their edges by welding or gluing gas and liquid tightly to form a uniform fabric covering of arbitrary length along the length of the tunnel.

In addition to or instead of the fabric, it is possible, for example, to use stone wool rugs or other suitable insulation material if required.

10

When the rear mold 15 is complete and the reinforcing bars 31, 32, 33 and reinforcing mat 34 are placed in place with the rear mold 15, the concrete is injected in a known manner with a suitable sequence layered to the desired wall thickness of 60-120 mm (or more). The purpose is to cover the gain 15 according to the environmental class MA (very aggressive - mycket aggressivt), ie at least 40 mm.

The purpose of the solution according to the invention is that the wall covering material, i.e. the fabric material 35 itself, forms in the rear mold a first concrete ··· layer between each pair of spaced-apart fixing members 18, 19a, 19b. during the injection phase. In the sprayed layer reinforcing bars 30, 31, 33 • · .Γ! and the reinforcing mat 34, however, serve as the main connection member in the concrete vault itself.

• · · • · · ;;; Lightweight concrete may be used as injection concrete, i.e. injection concrete with an additive which reduces the weight of the concrete and gives the finished wall covering, for example, a compact and rigid concrete structure in the form of a relatively free standing concrete vault. Adequate openings (with doors) may be provided behind the concrete vault at appropriate locations to inspect the rear of the concrete vault.

Once the injection molding is complete, its surface can be plastered with mineral or other mortar material to produce a lighter, on the one hand, and less uneven surface, on the other. If desired, the surface can be rubbed, for example.

'Ml

Claims (4)

A device for securing a separate wall covering (15-17) to a rock space, in particular 5 road tunnels, wherein the wall covering (15-17) is mounted in a rock space at a certain distance from the rock space walls (12) and the roof (11) by rock bolts (14) 15-17) freely engages in the areas between the rock bolts (14), characterized in that the fluid-tight fabric material (35) and associated fastening members (18, 19a, 19b) for attaching the fabric material (35) form a rear mold (15) into which a layer (16) of injected concrete, wherein the fabric material (35) and the fastening members (18, 19a, 19b) are per se known to be secured by rock bolts (14) to the rock space walls (12) and the ceiling (11) at a distance therefrom 19a, 19b) together with additional reinforcing material (30, 31, 33, 34) 15 supported by fastening means (19a, 19b) and associated rock bolts (14) vat, forms a reinforcement for the wall cover (15). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing bars (30, 31) extending slightly in the longitudinal direction of the rock space outside the rear mold (15) and at the rock bolts (14) of the rear mold (15). connected to the mounting bracket (24) secured to the corresponding rock bolt (14) • · in the rear mold (15) via the transverse mounting hole (24a) of the mounting bracket (24). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing bars: the bars (33) extending slightly in the longitudinal direction of the rock space to the outside of the rock bolts of the rear mold (15). (14) in the intermediate space, is connected to a fastening member (20) attached to the fastening members (19a, 19b) in the rear mold; V: (15). T: 30, ·. Device according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reinforcement mats (34) are attached to the reinforcing bars (33) at a distance of> 1 outside the rear mold (15). »A I * '» »» 9 109047 1. Anordning för fastsättning av en fristäende vägg-beklädnad (15-17) i et bergrum, speciellt en vägtunnel, 5 colors värggbeklädnaden (15-17) inrättas i bergrummet on the front of the bergrummets väggar (12) och tak (11) via bergbultar (14), och varvid väggbeklädnaden (15-17) spänner fried Över omrädena mellan bergbultarna (14), bell net av att et vätsketätt dukmate-10 rial (35) och tillhörande klämorgan (18, 19a, 19b) för fastkläm (35) i utsträckt tillständ bildar en bakre form (15) för präsprutning av et skikt av sprutbetong (16), inks (35) och klämorganen (18, 19a, 19b) i och för sig känt setting via berg- 15 bultarna (14) fästa vid bergrummets väggar (12) och tak (11) head of the france, och color of the face of the body (19a, 19b) tillsammans med ytterligare armerings-material (30, 31, 33, 34) , som uppbärs av klämorganen (19a, 19b) and tillhörande bergbultar (14), ingär som 20 armies ring i väggbeklädnaden (15). '···' 2. Anordning enligt krav 1, kännetecknad • V av att armeringsjärn (30, 31), som sträcker sig i bergrummets längdriktning face utanför den bakre formen (15) och vid den bakre formens (15) bergbultar ( 14) för-25 bundna med en fästbricka (24), som fäst päen till-hörande bergbult i den bakre formen (15) via et tvär-gäende fästhäl (24a) i fästbrickan (24). : 3. Anordning enligt krav 1, kännetecknad, ··, av att armeringsjärn (33) som sträcker sig i bergrummets '·' 30 längdriktning face utanför den bakre formen (15) i mel- * »1; lanrummet mellan den bakre formens (15), bergbultar (14), <f »förbundna med ett förankringsorgan (20), som är fäst I; '\ t Päsasa klämorgan (19a, 19b) i den bakre formen (15). . ··. 4. Anordning enligt ägot av kraven 1-3, k-35 netecknad av att armeringsmattor (34) and after the uterför den bakre formen (15).