FI105789B - Arrangement for cross-cutting and splitting wood, especially firewood poles by self-feeding - Google Patents

Description

f · 105789

A device for automatically cutting and splitting wood, especially hardwood, into firewood

Many devices are known for this purpose, but mainly manual feeders. These devices are characterized in that the feed direction of the wood is parallel to the axis supporting the blade, and in almost all devices the wood is pushed "into" a large diameter sprocket or the like. As a result, if the device has, for example, a half-turn and half-turn cut-off time, the actual cut only takes a quarter turn and the remainder goes to a support structure connecting the sprocket or similar circumference to the supporting axle.

Secondly, as the clearance between the blade and the counter blade increases, as the wood tends to wedge into the clearance, such a "flange-like" blade structure, with all the support resting on the shaft, is really strong. For these reasons, the gear ratio of the device, i.e. the ratio of the blade rotation speed to the power take-off shaft, must be high, and the structure of the device must be a solid act.

If the machine is to be fed from the side to the tractor, an angle gear or the like is required, and if a mechanical feeder is desired, it also requires a separate angle gear or the like if it intends to use blade sequencing there.

In addition, a self-feeding device is known in which wood is placed on a conveyor belt which transfers the wood to the cutting blade. During cutting, when the wood has to be in place, the feed mechanism will rotate, but the special clutch will slip and thus the conveyor belt will stop or rotate, with some slip between the wood and the conveyor belt.

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A major disadvantage of such a device is that in the working position this conveyor belt, which feeds more than two meters, is turned sideways to the tractor, whereby when moving in a forest with normal lanes, the conveyor belt must be turned back to the transport position . This turning is also not possible in a confined space, and this significantly affects the comfort of operation and the fact that when the machine is fast compared to manual feeds, but especially for heavy trees, the "slow motion" law limits the feed rate of the device. .

From Finnish Patent Application No. 830912, the closest blade solution is known for this purpose, which automatically feeds wood into a machine and at the same time splits and cuts a certain length of wood.

An essential part of the known device is a large diameter blade disc rotating on a central axis, with cutting blades attached to each side. The cutting blades extending substantially perpendicular to the blade disc are uniform at least one revolution of the blade disc and are spiral. This spiraling effect causes the wood to self-feed. In addition, the device includes a feed trough which acts as a counter-blade for splitting and cutting.

The major disadvantage of such a device is that it does not function in practice in the same way as it is theoretically described. That is, the length of the truncated wood is assumed to be the same as the displacement of the wood caused by one turn of one steel coil. In practice, however, the length of the truncated wood is directly proportional to the diameter of the wood. For example, if the device is constructed to make 30 cm long trees, in practice the length of the truncated tree is about 0-30 cm, depending on the thickness of the tree.

Secondly, the device has no control over the length of the cut-off "valve".

And yet, even wood splitting "can drift away" as a result of curvature of the tree and so on. => The relatively large diameter of the blade flange is subjected to high lateral forces and requires that the flange and shaft have a sturdy construction.

Furthermore, the curvature of the cutting blade changes throughout the cutting process. => The blade is subjected to radial forces that exert a stress on the machine, i 3 105789, and the machine operating it.

All of the above-mentioned problems and shortcomings have been successfully solved by means of the device according to the invention, in which, for example, a wood insert, once inserted, breaks, splits and even becomes a desired * definite firewood.

The main advantage of the invention is that the problems have been solved so that the simplicity of the device structure and the ratio of the structural lightness of the device to the efficiency are almost optimal.

The device according to the invention consists of a propeller driven sprocket or the like supported by a suitable frame structure and having a blade with a splitting wedge, a feed chute which in the end acts as a stop in the cutting, a feed mechanism and feed rollers.

The device is characterized in that the axial direction of all the sprockets in the device and generally of the pivoting or rotating parts is parallel. In addition, it is characterized in that the curvature of the blade substantially protruding from the sprocket and the distance from the sprocket axis does not change throughout · the blade, and the cutting edge of the blade substantially diverges from the level of the sprocket during the blade. And, that the blade-sprocket combination rotates upon its support, which is located near the cutting point of the wood about a radius of curvature of the blade from the axis of the sprocket, and which may be for example a thrust bearing type structure. Both the mechanism for providing the intermittent drive to the feed rollers has a continuous uninterrupted chain, and an eccentrically-fixed, small-diameter sprocket is disposed on the shaft of the blade chain, and the feed roller attachment and movement paths are such that the more the tree branches, for example during pruning, resist the passage of the tree, the more the rolls are pressed against the tree and thus provide effective traction, and the feeder is structured so as to

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown.

105789

Figure 1 Blade sprocket combination with stops and struts as viewed from the feed direction of the wood.

Figure 2 Feeding system with rollers viewed from the direction of rotation of the blade sprocket.

Figure 3 View from above of the feed roller with its shafts, sprockets and roller arms.

The body of the device according to the example comprises a smooth plate 1 which is at least the size of a sprocket 4. The plate 1 has three go to the axis of the hole, and fixed to the hole in the plate 1, the bearing housing 2. The sprocket wheel 4, which is vertically oriented and fixedly attached to the shaft 3 is secured about a half turn long blade 5. The blade radius of curvature and the distance from the shaft 3 has a constant size of the blade that is, the clearance between the blade and the stop 7 is constant throughout the blade. The edge 5a of the blade, which extends substantially, and even in the example device, evenly from the plane of the sprocket, is sharpened.

The splitting wedge 6 is secured to the inside surface of the curved blade so that, when rotating with the blade, it passes from the center of the stop 7, thereby causing the wood to crack in the middle.

Between the sprocket 4 and the plate 1 there is a circular plate 8, e.g. of plastic, having a diameter of nearly the diameter of the sprocket 4. The plate 8 has a hole of central diameter 3 and close to the outer periphery of the plate 8. Each hole has a bore-sized steel ball 9. The spindle 4 and the plate 8 are centered on the bearing housing 2 by the bearing shaft 3. This blade 5, the sprocket 4, the plate 8, and the steel ball 9 are locked and tightened by the locking nut 3a .

The stop 7, which is substantially v-shaped and centers the wood in cutting and splitting, is fixedly attached to the body of the device, i.e. the stop 7 is in fixed contact with the plate 1.

It should be noted at this point that the axial direction of all the sprockets in the device and generally the pivoting or rotating parts is parallel to the axis 3.

In the drive device, the combination of two sprockets 10 and 11 and a flange 12, which is fixed perpendicularly to the shaft 3, provides a periodic drive. The sprocket 10 is fixedly attached to the flange 12 and 105789 eccentrically with respect to the shaft 3, and the sprocket 11 is displaceable in steps radially relative to the shaft 3. Chain wheel 11 after locking is locked to flange 12. Chain wheel 11 has a minimum offset of half the chain 13, and when moving one offset chain sprocket 11, it must be rotated to such an extent that the chain split between the sprockets 10 and 11 can be imagined. 10 and 11 form a single "oval" sprocket with missing teeth.

The clamping wheel 15 attached to the body of the device, which during the cutting of the wood "collects loose" from the chain 13 and returns them during the transfer of the wood, etc., also acts as a brake to prevent excessive wood supply at high speeds. Most efficiently, the brake operates by mounting a rod on the sprocket 11, the other end of which is secured to the clamping wheel 15 and thus the spring 16 can be omitted.

After the sprockets 10 and 11, the continuous chain 13 passes through the clamping wheel 15 to the sprocket 14a and further to the sprocket 14 and turns therefrom, filling the chain to the sprocket 10, etc.

The sprockets 14 and 17, and 14a and 17a are fixedly connected to each other and thus form "sprocket pairs", and these sprockets are mounted on shaft-mounted shafts 23 and 24, which also have pivot points of the roller arms 21 and 21a. Roller arms 21 of roll 20 are fixedly attached to tube 22, and respectively roller arms 21a of roll 20a are fixedly attached to a similar tube, which at the same time act as bearing bushings for attaching the roller arms to the body of the device. At one end of the roller arms 21 there is a bearing shaft with a fixedly mounted sprocket wheel 19 and a feed roller 20 and a shaft mounted on the other end of the roller arms 21a with a sprocket wheel 19a and a feed roller 20a. There is an integral chain 18 between the sprocket 17 and 19 and, respectively, a continuous chain 18a between the sprocket 17a and 19a, which supply the driving force to the feed rollers.

At the moment of Figure 2, the feed rollers are in position because the flange 12 (counterclockwise rotation) has just completed its previous pulling action (starting with the blade cutting step). As the flange 12 continues to pivot, the spacing between the tensioner wheel 15 and the sprocket wheel 11 is shortened to form a loose chain which the tensioner wheel "recovers", i.e., by the force of the spring 16, the tensioner wheel rises While rotating 12, approaches the sprocket 14 and thus holds the chain tight until the sprocket 6 105789 11 "detaches" from the sprocket 15 (at this point the shaft 3 has rotated about half a turn counterclockwise and the logging step is completed) and " 14 from the sprocket and this is how the traction starts. As the flange continues to rotate, the sprocket 11 begins to pull the chain as it passes, the sprocket pair 14 and 17 rotating, and further through the chain 18, the sprocket 19 rotates and causes the roll 20 to rotate clockwise, the sprocket pair 14a and 17a rotates, and 20a anti-clockwise rotation. This rotational movement continues for about half a revolution, until the flange 12 is turned until the 10 and the 11 distance from the chain sprocket wheel 14 is not increased. At this point, the sprocket 10 "detaches" from the chain going to the tension pulley 15 and "catches" the chain from the sprocket 14, i.e. is in the initial position and starts a new turn. During this pulling movement, the "stored" chain on the tension pulley 15 returns to rotation, i.e., as the pulley 14a rotates, it pulls the chain off the tension pulley, thereby lowering the tension pulley.

It can be stated that the movement caused by the flange 12 is "crankshaft" and as a result, the traction movement begins slowly, accelerating to the middle, and slows down towards the end, thus transferring the wood! especially with heavy trees, the mechanism and the entire machine should be as light as possible.

When feeding the end of the web between the feed rollers, the spikes of the rolls or, as in the example device, the sharpened roll length blades 25 mounted parallel to the axis of the rolls pull the wood into the machine. And the more the twig (pruning) resists the movement of the tree, the greater is the force opposite to the direction of the wood in the feed roller shafts, and this force tends to pull the roller as it goes, and when the rollers do not succumb a circular arc of movement on the roller arms. The locations of the track attachment points are selected such that the force causes the roll 20a to tumble downward and the roll 20 to rise up, i.e., the rolls tend to be pressed against each other, and the force tending to rotate the rolls over their point of attachment Naturally, the angle of the crossed roller arms is chosen such that there is sufficient clamping force, but the roller arms have sufficient tolerance for the thickness of the wood and i 105789 wood bends, and it should be noted that due to the fixed feed trough 26 in other words, the roll 20a moves in addition to the bends of the wood throughout the thickness of the wood, while the roll 20 closely follows the bends in the wood, and consequently when both rolls are of the same length, the attachment point of the roll 20a is slightly rearward of the attachment point

That is, the thicker the wood, the closer the perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the roller arms and, for example, the harder the feed rollers are pressed against the tree and thus the better the grip on the feed rollers without any special springs or hydraulic coulter. . Suspension is required so that the rolls tend to press against each other with some force, and both rolls together press the wood at the bottom of the stop 7 in the cut so that the splitting hits the middle of the wood. The feed chute 26, which is open from below the rollers, is v-shaped at the start and end, slightly lower and slightly more v-shaped, so that the wood would only touch the feed chute at its ends, allowing the rolls to follow the bends in the wood, etc. * to prevent "tree trampling" of the tree 's head, and to ensure that the tree remains on the bottom of the v - shaped lower pruning blade when pruning, and that the tree remains on the bottom of the cut and split. The reason why blades 25 are used instead of tines in the rolls is because the blades allow better lateral sliding of the wood during pulling, and thus ensure proper and less stressful operation of the device. This lateral movement of the wood at the rolls results from the bends in the wood at the start and / or end of the feed trough, i.e. when the wood is supported during tension mainly at the start and end of the feed gutter. . This should not be confused with a bend in the tree between the support points, for example at the rolls, because there is no lateral movement in the tree, but the bend proceeds in a straight line of motion between the rolls and bends only sideways.

In cutting, for example, in a tractor-driven implement, the PTO shaft rotates the 8 105789 gearbox shaft 27 mounted on the body of a small-diameter sprocket which rotates the sprocket 4 and also the blade 5 attached thereto. and begins to detach the cut half, after which the remainder of the blade 5 cuts the other half of the wood. The hard lateral axial force generated during cutting of the blade 5 in the sprocket 5 assembly is eliminated by a support disposed about a radius of curvature of the blade 5 from the axis of the sprocket 4 near the point of cutting the wood and which may be of a thrust bearing type. The blade 5 can also be made such that its blade edge 5a initially slopes steeper and slighter at the splitting wedge and then steeper at the end of the sprocket plane to provide the blade forces required for cutting. The left side of the stop 7 is made such that the remainder of the blade 5, i.e. the left side of the splitting wedge 6, passes between the two stops, thereby ensuring proper splitting of the wood.

With such a device as described above fitted with a back conveyor and pruning blades to the rear of the tractor, with the trailer still behind and going into the woods, can firewood making be even more clever and convenient? Maybe not, but even though the device is much lighter than its rivals, despite its versatility, trolley travel in the woods is still somewhat cumbersome, so a smaller container, for example a couple of cubic volumes, can be fitted instead of a valve conveyor. it is nicer to be in a little worse places.

The device according to the invention has a prototype with a pruning knife, which has been tested to some extent, and it can be stated that the device swallows wood with or without branches. And as for speed, compared to manual feeds, the device was test driven at about 4x speed, or about 2 cuts per second, and went well. The weight of the device without the flap conveyor is estimated to be about 250 kg, while the weight of similar hand-fed devices on the market with the flap conveyor is approximately 550 kg.

It is also possible to make the device manually powered, leaving the feed trough and the drawer off and adding a wood length limiter i 9 105789.

The splitting wedge attached to the inner surface of the blade can also be made to be slightly longer and extending past the steel edge, or to be on the inner and outer surface of the blade, whereby wood splitting also occurs in the uncut wood part, i.e. this may perhaps improve the splitting of wood. This solution does, however, make for more extra wood shredding.

It is also possible to make the drive so that the roll arms are not crossed, if no pruning is required, it naturally changes the chain path of the chain 13 and makes the system more complicated.

In addition, intermittent traction can be performed by cutting the chain 13 and securing one end to the bearing bracket in place of the sprocket 11 and securing the other end to the body of the device, and removing the sprocket 10 to allow free movement of the chain 13 as the flange 12 rotates. (14,17 and 14a, 17a) in place of the fixed connection, the free wheels, now the chain 13 moves back and forth and causes the rollers to move. However, this solution is much more expensive to implement.

Moreover, the pulling movement can be accomplished by omitting the roll 20 and its roll rods 21 and making the feed trough completely closed and of a slightly different design and effecting the sequencing in the manner mentioned above.

In addition, the traction sheave on the cross-linking arms can be used as a loose unit for the simple pruning of the blades, then the blade unit can be omitted and the traction smooth arranged without sequencing and the pruning blades inserted.

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Claims (6)

105789 Apparatus for automatically cutting and splitting wood, in particular hardwood, into firewood, consisting of a propulsion sprocket (4), supported by a suitable frame structure, or the like, with a blade (5) provided with a splitting wedge (6), a feed spout (26). , which at its end serves as a stop (7) for cutting, the feed mechanism and the feed rollers, characterized in that the curvature and the distance from the shaft (3) of the blade (5) substantially protruding from the sprocket (4) do not change along the entire blade (5) and that the sharpened cutting edge (5a) of the blade substantially dislocates from the plane of the sprocket (4) or the like, and this dislocation may be smooth or non-uniform, e.g. , which is placed near the wood cutting point about t a portion (5) of radius of curvature from the axis of the sprocket (4) and which may be, for example, a thrust bearing type structure (8, 9). Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for providing the intermittent drive to the feed rollers (20 and 20a) has a continuous unbroken chain (Ί3) and a fixed flange (12) disposed on the shaft (3) or similarly attached to the shaft (3). a small diameter sprocket (10) whose gear number may be altered by removable gear sectors or the like, or employing a second movable sprocket (11) providing adjustment of the valve length. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the points of attachment of the feed roller roller arms (21 and 21a) are such that the roller arms are transverse and the movement paths of the rollers (20 and 20a) are such that, e.g. the more the rollers are pressed against the wood and thus provide an effective pull. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the wood moving members in the feed rollers (20 and 20a) are sharpened blades (25) or the like fixed in the axial direction of the rolls. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the feed trough (26) of the I 105789, the end of which acts as a cut-off stop (7), is substantially v-shaped at its beginning and end, and slightly lower and slightly more v-shaped. Device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the axial direction of all sprockets and generally pivotable or rotatable parts of the device is parallel to the shaft (3). t * m 12 105789