FI103561B - Procedure and facility for rescuing people by fire in multi-storey buildings - Google Patents

Description

, 103561

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RESCUING PEOPLE IN FLAT FLOOR FIRES

The present invention relates to a method for rescuing people in apartment fires. In the event of a fire or other disaster, it is generally not possible to exit in apartment blocks along normal escape routes such as stairways. As a result, residents often have no chance of being rescued because most apartment blocks do not have any type of exits and aids per apartment. So rescuers have to rescue people through balconies or windows. The rescue equipment can be a rope, a rescue stock, a rescue sail, 10 jump pads or a skip. However, all of these rescue devices have drawbacks and limitations that prevent them from being used in all situations.

Ground ladders can be used to rescue people from relatively low heights. In this case, the rescued person may descend down the ladder himself or it may be possible for the 15 rescuers to bring down the rescued person by assisting him / her descending. Ladders, however, usually only reach a height of about 12 meters. Moreover, even at this height, rescuing ladders can be difficult due to the ladder's wandering.

20 A rope can be used to save from a higher place, but it also has its own pitfalls. Usually the rescuer has to go up to the rescuer creator to take the rescue rope with him. It is rarely successful outside, and even inside a burning house, it can often be almost impossible. When the rescuer reaches the level where the rescuer is, the rescue rope is tied around the rescuer and the rescuer lowers the rescuer to 25 countries. In this case, the rescuer must be at least at the same height as the rescuer. The rescuer must also be able to stay on top of the burning building for as long as it takes to lower the rescuer to the ground. Only after the rescuer can the rescuer descend to safety.

30 The rescue sock must also be brought up to the level of the rescuer, for example in a burning apartment block. The upper end of the sock is then tied, for example, to the balcony railing so that its mouth is open and the rest of the sock is lowered to the ground. Rescuable: Drops out of the rescue stocking opening and, when dropped, slows down its descent speed by extending its arms and knees vigorously outwards against the inside walls of the sock 35.

The problem with using rescue socks is that controlled and safe descent requires both courage and special braking techniques.

Another drawback is that the lifesaving sock stretches in use. In this case, after several descents 2 103561, braking becomes more difficult and the descent eventually becomes dangerous.

A rescue sail or a lifeboat is also used to rescue a person jumping from a height downwards. The rescue sail is of a particularly strong fabric with an outer rope attached to the outside by a rope or a sufficient number of other retaining straps for securing it. The sail is spread below the rescue on the ground, and a sufficient number of rescue personnel support the sail above the ground. The rescue sail must be strong enough to withstand the rescue jump on the sail without the rescue colliding with the ground.

10 A jumping pad is an air-filled, flexible landing pad that is brought below the surface of the rescuable. When the jump pad is inflated, the rescuer jumps over it. However, the rescue sail and the jumping pad, whose jumping area is only about 12 m2, are so small that it is difficult to hit them, especially from a high jump. In addition, falling in the wrong position is also very dangerous for them.

15

With a platform truck, rescue operations are carried out by driving the vehicle below the person to be rescued and supporting it with hydraulic support legs as stable as possible in a horizontal position. The hydraulically powered liferaft is then lifted up to the rescued. The rescuer is assisted on the pallet, after which the pallet and the rescuer inside it are lowered down to 20. However, there are many apartment buildings below which balconies cannot be used. Obstacles to the yard or off-road obstacles may prevent you from getting close enough to the car. The yard may also be too weak for a large pallet truck. In any case, it is also time consuming to start a lift truck because of its large size and weight, which is slow and cumbersome.

25

The big problem is that almost all municipalities in Finland already have apartment blocks, "but only some of them can afford rescue equipment like a jumping pad or a skip. They are so expensive that only the richest municipalities can afford them.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and effective method for rescuing people in apartment fires. The rescue method according to the invention is characterized in that a lifting device is introduced in the vicinity of the person to be rescued: a fastening element which is fastened to the structures of the apartment building and a lowering aid of a screening member connected to the fastening element.

With the rescue device of the invention, people can be conveniently rescued and moved down from a high place, such as the upper floors of apartment buildings, through balconies or windows to the ground.

35 3 103561

The invention also relates to a new rescue device, characterized in that the rescue device comprises a lifting device, by means of which the fastening means for attaching to the apartment building structures can be brought near the person to be rescued, and a rescue means for lowering the rescued person.

5

The device of the invention is more efficient and faster to use than known devices and provides a decisive improvement in the rescue operation of people rescued from apartment buildings. The invention can be used in very confined spaces. In addition, it is easily transportable to the site. The whole unit is portable io in place at once with two rescuers. In addition, it is very quick to set up. Therefore, the device according to the invention can easily be connected to the equipment of all fire-fighting or rescue vehicles, since its use is not necessarily dependent on the vehicle or its equipment.

The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which

Figure 1 is a schematic front view of a block of flats with a balcony to rescue a person.

Figure 2 corresponds to Figure 1 and is a front view of a balcony of a block of flats to which a embodiment of the rescue device according to the invention is attached.

Figure 3 is a side view of the balcony and rescue device of the apartment block of Figure 2 in the first phase of the rescue operation.

Fig. 4 corresponds to Fig. 2 and shows a balcony and a rescue device of a block of flats in a second stage of the rescue operation, wherein the device and its rescue basket are * ready to rescue a person on the balcony.

Figures 5-8 are similar to Fig. 2 and show various stages of a rescue operation for a person to be rescued from the balcony of a block of flats.

Figure 9 illustrates the structure of a rescue device at a stage where the rescue device is just engaging an object.

Fig. 10 shows the rescue device of Fig. 9 in a step where the rescue device is attached to the object and the lifting device is detached.

Figure 11 illustrates another embodiment of a rescue device having 35 scissor grips as a fastening member.

Fig. 12 is an oblique side and top view of the rescue basket of the rescue device.

Figure 1 shows a block of flats 15 with a balcony 16 having a rescue person 1 waiting for rescue operations to begin.

4, 103561

Fig. 2 shows a lifting section of a rescue device according to the invention, by means of which hoists 17 and 18 raise hooks 8 and 9 to the balcony 16 of the apartment building 15 secured to the railing 2 at the top of the front wall 3 of the balcony 16. and 5 and telescopic cylinders 6 and 7 attached thereto. Hooks 8 and 9 also include support legs 19 and 20 which rest against the front wall 3 of balcony 16.

Simultaneously with the hooks 8 and 9, the lifting ropes 10 and 11 connected to the hooks 8 and 9 are also raised on the balcony 16, by means of which it is possible to lift the lifter basket 12 10. Figure 2 shows that the lifting ropes 10 and 11 are guided through the loops 21 and 22 at the ends of the arms 25 and 26 of the hooks 8 and 9 so that both ends of the lifting ropes 10 and 11 are in the ground 32. A lifting basket 12, which in FIG. 2 is depressed in the ground 32. However, when raised, it opens as shown in Figures 4-8 below.

15

Figure 3 is a side view of the rescue apparatus of Figure 2. By means of a telescopic cylinder 6 connected to the support base 4 of the hoist 17, supported by a telescopic cylinder 6, a hook 8 is lifted up on the balcony 16 of the apartment building 15, which is attached to the rail 16 of the balcony 16. the hoisting rope 10 guided through the end loop 21 is spaced from the front wall 3 of the balcony 16. In the figure, both ends of the hoisting rope 10 guided through the loop 21 are in the ground 32 and a life basket 12 is connected to one end of the rope.

In Fig. 3, a water hose 23 and a water pump 24 are connected to the telescopic cylinder 6 of the hoist and the lifting device is operated by supplying water pressure * to the telescopic cylinder 6 so that the cylindrical tubes inside it protrude. The water hose 23 and the water pump 24 may be different, but it is preferable to use the standard equipment included, for example, in a fire-fighting vehicle. The source of pressure water required by the telescopic tube 6 may also be, for example, a water column. However, the cylinders of the telescopic cylinder 6 also operate on compressed air, so that the operating pressure can also be supplied by a compressed air bottle, for example, with a pressure regulator.

Preparation of the actual rescue operation takes place by placing the equipment shown in Figures 2 and 3 below the balcony 16 of the rescue facility, i.e. the apartment building 15, and attaching the ends of the rescue ropes 10 and 11 to the fasteners of the rescue basket 12. The free ends of the rescue ropes 10 and 11 are pulled through the loops 21 and 22 at the outermost ends of the fastening hooks 8 and 9 and temporarily tied to the support legs 4 and 5 of the lifts β 103561, for example. ends.

The telescopic cylinders 6 and 7 of the lifting devices are pushed from their lower brackets 5 to the bearing counterparts of the support legs 4 and 5, after which the telescopic cylinders 6 and 7 are lifted up and directed to the rescue object. Further, the telescopic cylinders 6, 7 are freely rotatable and tiltable with respect to the mounting stands 4 and 5.

However, the attachment of the telescopic cutters 6 and 7 can also be made such that they can be locked in position in the desired position.

After the water hoses 23 are connected to the hose couplings 27 of the telescopic cams 6 and 7, pressurized water is then discharged from the pump 24 to the connecting hoses 23. When the actuation valves 28 of the telescopic cams 6 and 7 are opened, the inner tubes of the cylinders 6 and 7 are expelled. The lifting height of the lifting device is adjusted by closing the valve when a suitable lifting height has been reached. The attachment hooks 8 and 9 can then be secured by hitting them around the handrail tubes 2 of the target balcony 16.

When the actuation valves 28 of the telescopic cams 6 and 7 are closed, the water is discharged from the cylinders and begins to slide back into each other. The cylindrical tubes of the telescopic cutters 6 and 7 are detached from the retaining hooks 8 and 9, which remain attached to the railing 2 of the balcony 16 so that their support legs 19 and 20 rest against the front wall 3 of the balcony 16. Thereafter, the telescopic cylinders 6 and 7 may be dumped into the ground 32 or carried with their supporting struts 4 and 5 to the next rescue site where new hooks are attached to the ends of the telescopic cylinders 6 and 7 for subsequent similar lifting and securing operations.

Figure 4 shows the next step of the rescue operation, in which the rescue basket 12 is raised by means of rescue ropes below the person to be rescued. Figure 4 shows only one lifeline 10. The height of the lifter basket 12 is determined by the height of the arm 25 of the fastening hook 8 and the loop 21 at its end. When the basket 12 is at a suitable height, the free end of the rescue rope 10 is tied to a sufficiently sturdy object so that the rope remains tight. Alternatively, the free end of the rescue rope 10 may also be held tight by a male force 30, as shown in Figure 4. However, more rescue rope 10 is required. In order to reduce the load, the rescue rope 10 may additionally be equipped with a relief beam 13 as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 illustrates a situation where the rescue basket 12 is below the balcony 16 6 103561 of the apartment building 15 and the rescued person 1 jumps from the balcony to the hanging basket 12 which can be lowered, otherwise the only alternative is to drop, the support tube 29 cannot be supported. If the reach of the telescopic cutters is so sufficient that the attachment hook 8 can be secured to the handrail tube 2 of the same balcony 16 from which the rescue takes place, a maximum height of one floor, or about 2 m, remains for the rescue person 1 to jump or drop.

The rescue ropes 10 and 11 used in the device must be sufficiently strong and classified 10 rescue ropes of at least twice the extended length of the telescopic blades 6 and 7. For example, if the lengths of the telescopic cutters 6 and 7 when pulled open are, for example, 18 meters, then each of the rescue ropes 10 and 11 must be at least 36 m long.

15 The arms 25 and 26 of the attachment hooks 8 and 9 are dimensioned so long that the salvage basket 12 can accommodate a horizontal upward opening of the mouth. Then you can easily fall for it. At the mouth of the salvage basket 12 is a circular circumference 29 made of a metal tube, which is padded with foam or the like. The walls and bottoms of the rescue basket 12 are a continuous net made of plastic yarn or the like by weaving or knotting, which must be strong enough to withstand the dynamic load caused by jumping without tearing.

At the same time, however, the net must also reduce as much as possible the impact of the fall. The rescue basket 12 must also preferably have a shape tapered towards the bottom 25 and deep enough to prevent the rescued person from ever jerking out of the basket. It is also advantageous at the bottom of the rescue basket 12 to have the widest possible padding 31, "which preferably has a light-colored centering pattern in the center, to facilitate a jump to the center of the basket.

Fig. 6 shows a situation in which the person to be rescued 1 has jumped to the bottom of the rescue basket 12. 7, 8 is then lowered to the ground 32 in a controlled manner at a suitable rate. Lowering speed control can be done; by men alone 30 or using a lightening sole. In the embodiment of Figures 5-8, the rescue rope 10 is further guided through a special brake device 13.

35

Once the rescued person 1 has been secured on the ground and has exited the reflection basket 12, the rescue basket 12 may be retracted and the rescue operation repeated as many times as necessary to bring all rescued persons down. The rescue device according to the invention can also be used 7 103561 such that by means of the telescopic cylinders 6 and 7 the fastening hooks 8 and 9 are arranged relatively quickly in several places. Thereafter, the actual rescue operations with one or more rescue baskets may be carried out in the order of urgency. There is no need to remove the hooks immediately, but they can be left in place. Removal from railings and other areas can only be done later after it is safe to enter the building.

Figure 9 illustrates in greater detail the structure of the rescue device in a situation where the rescue device according to the invention is just engaging in the railing 2 of the balcony 16.

The figure shows that the lifting device 17 comprises a retaining hook arm 25 connected to the upper end of the telescopic cylinder 6 by means of a sleeve 33. The sleeve 33 is dimensioned to fit snugly around the upper telescopic tube 6c of the telescopic cylinder 6.

Also attached to this telescopic tube 6c is a small projection pin 38 and the sleeve 33 has a recess 40 suitable for the pin, which together prevent the sleeve 25 and the hook 25 from rotating.

15

Between sleeve 33 and retaining hook arm 25 is a pivot 34, by means of which the retaining hook arm is pivoted almost horizontally. Correspondingly, at the end of the arm 25 of the attachment hook is an actual attachment hook 8 which is pivoted by the joint 35 in an almost vertical position. The hinges 34 and 35 are sufficiently tight or tightened so that the fastening hook 8 and its arm 25 remain in the position shown in Fig. 9 during the fastening of the hook 8.

The attachment of the attachment hook 8 takes place by first raising the attachment hook by means of a lifting device 17 to the railing 2 of the balcony 16. This is done by opening the valve 28 of the lifting device, whereby the pressurized water is introduced into the telescopic cylinder 6. When the valve 28 of the pressurized water 25 is closed, the telescopic cylinder 6 and the fastening elements at its upper end stop. The attachment hook 8 is now stopped at the 2 'railing of the balcony 16. The telescopic cylinder 6 of the lifting device 17 is then tilted about the joint 36 to the balcony 16 towards the outer wall 3 and the handrail 2. When the attachment hook 8 strikes the railing 2 of the balcony 16, its latch 39 opens and the attachment hook 8 locks around the railing 2.

Figure 10 shows a continuation of the situation of Figure 9. The valve 28 of the lifting device 17, which is a three-way valve, has been opened. This allows the water to escape from the inside of the telescopic cylinder 6 * and the telescopic tubes to lower back down. As a result, the sleeve 33 attached to the attachment hook arm 25 is detached from the upper end of the telescopic tube 6c and the attachment hook 8 with its arms remains hanging on the railing 16 of the balcony 16. so that the attachment hook 8 is parallel to the arm 25. The lifting device 17 β 103561 with its telescopic tubes 6 can then be moved to another location, for example, to insert a second mounting hook into the railing of the second balcony.

In Fig. 10, the locking member locked on the railing 2 of balcony 16 includes an arm 25 of an attachment hook 5 having a loop 21. At its end, the rope 10 guided through this loop 21 can now raise the actual rescue device 12, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. 4-8.

Fig. 11 shows another embodiment of the fastening part of the rescue device according to the invention, which includes a scissor grip 37 instead of a retaining hook 8. The scissor grip 37 is raised similarly to the retaining hook by a telescopic cylinder 6 and a sleeve 33. The figure shows that the scissor gripper 37 can be used, for example, to grip a balcony railing or window frame. In Fig. 11, 15 the scissor gripper 37 can be tightened tightly to the railing 3 of the balcony 16 by tensioning the lifeline 10. The actual rescue member associated with the attachment portion of the rescue device may be, for example, a rescue harness which is lifted up to the rescued person in exactly the same way as the above rescue basket.

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the rescue basket 12 of the rescue apparatus. The figure shows that in this embodiment, the circumference 29 of the rescue basket 12 is provided with fastening means for two rescue ropes 10 and 11. In some cases, however,

The rescue apparatus according to the invention is suitable not only for professional rescuers but also for apartment block companies. It is possible to use the equipment purchased with the housing company ** to teach the residents of the house with a short training. It is advantageous in the use of the equipment to make the telescopic cylinders operate by using the first fire extinguishing water connection in the houses. However, if necessary, 30 compressed air cylinders can be purchased for this purpose.

In the above example, the rescue equipment was used by a person; to save the apartment from the balcony. However, it is clear that by using a variety of attachment hooks or devices, the rescue device can be used in almost 35 situations. In addition to balconies, people can be saved through windows, for example.

As mentioned above, it is also possible to use rescue harnesses or other equipment instead of the rescue basket when for some reason it is difficult to use the rescue basket.

9 103561

In the example case two telescopic cylinders were used in parallel, but in some cases one lifting device may be sufficient. Thus, the invention is not limited to the number of lifting members or lifelines.

Similarly, instead of a telescopic cylinder, for example, a skate mechanism can be used, which provides the same dimension. Further, the movement of the telescope or the like is not limited to an upwardly directed movement, since, if necessary, movements in another direction are also possible.

It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the above example, but that various embodiments of the invention may vary according to the inventive ideas defined in the following claims.

• I

Claims (15)

1. Rescue method for rescuing people in high-rise fireplaces, characterized in that a fastening means (8, 9, 37) are fastened to the vicinity of the person (1) to be rescued by means of a lifting device (17, 18). (15) structures (16) and the person (1) to be rescued is lowered with a rescue member (12) joined to the fastening member. Rescue method according to claim 1, characterized in that the attachment (8, 9, 37) and the rescue rope (10) connected to the attachment (17, 18) to the proximity of the person (1) to be rescued are moved by the lifting device (17, 18). , after which the rescue means (12) is lifted by means of the rescue rope. Rescue method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the person 15 (1) to be rescued is lowered by means of the rescue rope (10) and the rescue basket (12) or rescue harnesses (8) connected to the attachment means (8, 9, 37). 4. A rescue method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the rescue means (8, 9, 37) are brought to the vicinity of the person (1) to be rescued by means of a telescopic cylinder (6, 7) and secured to the high housing ( 15) constructions. 5. A rescue method according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that a fastening hook (8, 9) or a scissor hook (37) is provided in the vicinity of the person (1) to be rescued by means of the telescopic cylinder (6, 7). are attached to high-rise buildings such as the balcony railing (16) (2) or the window sills. A rescue method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the telescopic cylinder (6, 7) is used with the aid of water under pressure or compressed air. 30 Rescue method according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that, with the aid of two telescopic cylinders (6, 7) close to the person (1) to be rescued, rescue hooks (8, 9) which are fixed in the structures of the high-rise, such as the balcony railing, are lifted. (16, 2), after which the rescue rope (10, 11) joined to the fastening hooks (10, 11) is lifted up the rescue basket (12) which is lowered down as the person to be rescued has jumped into it. 8. Rescue device for the rescue of people in high-rise fireplaces, characterized in that the to the rescue device includes a lifting device (17, 18), by means of which the fastening means 13 (35, 8, 9, 37) attachable to the high-rise building (15) can be brought to the vicinity of the person (1) to be rescued, as well as the rescue device (12) adjoining to the fastening means, with which the person to be rescued can be lowered. 5 9. A rescue device according to claim 8, characterized in that the rescue rope (10) can be lifted to the attachment means (8, 9, 37), which are attached to the structures (16) of the high housing (15), by means of which the rescue means (12) can be lifted. the proximity of the person (1) to be rescued. 10. A rescue device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the rescue rope (10), which is connected to the fastening means (8, 9, 37), the compatible rescue means (12) is a rescue basket (12) or rescue harnesses. Rescue device according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the lifting device (17, 18) includes a telescopic cylinder (6, 7) usable by means of pressurized water or compressed air, whose upper end cylinder tube (6c) ) the fastening hook (8, 9) or scissor hook (37) of the fastener can be joined as the fastener is lifted close to the person (1) to be rescued. 20 Rescue device according to any one of claims 8-11, characterized in that the rescue device includes two lifting means (17, 18), to which it belongs two mounting supports (4, 5) supporting the ground (32) and to these articulated telescopic cylinders ( 6, 7), and two with the aid of the telescopic cylinders, liftable fastening hooks (8, 9), to which the rescue rope (10, 11), to which a rescue basket (12) is joined. 25 Rescue device according to any of claims 8-12, characterized in that a hoist or brake device (13) for adjusting the speed of the lift basket (12) is joined to the rescue rope (10, 11). 30 Rescue device according to any of claims 8-13, characterized in that the mounting frame (4, 5) of the lifting member supporting the ground (32) is connected to the telescopic cylinder (6, 7) by the hinge (36) for tilting the telescopic cylinder. Rescue device according to any one of claims 8-14, characterized in that a supporting foot (19, 20) and a shaft (25, 26) belong to the attachment hook (8, 9) for holding the point of attachment of the rescue rope (10). , 22) at a distance from the wall surface (3) of the building (15). • ♦ ·