FI101510B - Cutting device for cutting trees - Google Patents

Description

101510

Cutting device for cutting wood

The invention relates to a cutting device for cutting wood, which device is intended to be mounted in connection with a movable boom or the like of a working machine 5, which cutting device comprises a body part, a blade for cutting wood, space for cutting wood, means for moving the blade in cutting wood, the blade is shafted the cutting blade edge comprising the blade 10 is located eccentrically with respect to the axis of the blade, and the means for actuating the blade in the wood-cutting motion comprise at least one movement arm comprising one or more hydraulic actuators rotatably adapted to rotate the blade with the blade edge a space for the wood to be cut, and wherein the shape of the toothed blade edge of the cutting blade in the cutting device substantially corresponds to the shape of the protruding arc of the ellipse.

The present cutting device is used in a work machine, such as a forestry machine, in connection with felling a tree to fell a tree by cutting a tree in the vicinity of the ground. After the first cut, ie the actual fall: ''; the cutting device can be used to cut down felled wood to a suitable length.

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The known cutting devices attached to the end of the implement boom are chain-operated, in which the blade is toimii a narrow chain of circles rotating a long, closed circumference. The blade * · * Γ.Γ rotates on the blade flange. In the known cutting devices, the introduction of 30 blades into the wood-cutting movement requires raw materials which make the weight of the cutting device quite heavy, even weighing more than 200 kilograms. Enclosing long chain chains and lubricating the chain chains also requires additional structures that further increase the weight. Te-35 rack-operated devices are also susceptible to damage, and 101510 2 therefore costs replacement and repair of the saw chain and flange. To avoid damage with chain-operated devices, the tree has to be cut upwards, creating even high stumps with good wood-5 stuff left. An additional disadvantage of the formation of high stumps is that high stumps make it difficult for work machines to pass.

In addition to chain-operated cutting devices, a cutting device is known in which two blade halves with a wedge-shaped blade edge are moved hydraulically in 10 parallel movements against each other so that the wood to be cut remains between the blade halves and breaks. This device requires a lot of energy to cut the wood because the cutting principle is compressive. This device also causes longitudinal slats of wood to form in the vicinity of the cutting point. Due to its operating principle, this cutting device is also heavy.

FI-852411 and FI-820297 disclose guillotine-like cutting devices in which the blade edge of the blade is an inwardly turned sickle-shaped flat blade edge 20 which requires a very high force to push the blade through the wood.

In the toothed: blade guillotine-like device disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,626,477, the shape of the blade: edge and the axing of the blade and the movement arms cannot be sufficiently efficient, i.e. even at lower power • ·: * · *; efficient structure. In addition, the axis of the blade is located far from the edge of the opening for the wood, and the axis of the operating arm on the blade is located • · · far from the space for the wood on the other edge of the blade, which reduces the angle of rotation of the blade. * · * . Due to the above-mentioned factors, a considerable force is required to pass the material through the wood. Maini-. ···. The blade edge in this publication is also not in the shape of an el-Lips arc, and the blade is not rotatable.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,122,184 (Larson), U.S. Pat. No. 3,101,510, has a double-sided blade structure in which a separate blade is thus mounted on each side of the wood space, each of which is rotated slightly more than halfway up the wood space. The blades are therefore at different 5 heights. Such a solution requires high power and causes an unclean cut-off. The use of two blades and their own actuators also makes the structure heavier and more susceptible to faults. Too much weight caused by double blade causes the the device cannot be used with a light timber loader. In said publication, the axial point of the blade to the body, the axial point of the movement arm to the blade, and the axial point of the cylinder to the body are all at approximately the same distance from the space for the wood. Such a structure does not achieve an optimal trajectory and efficiency in blade movement and shear efficiency.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new type of cutting device to be connected to a boom or the like of a working machine, which avoids the problems associated with the known solutions.

1 <i 'This object is achieved by a' cutting device according to the invention, characterized in that the edge of said eccentrically rotatable cutting edge with a blade edge el- Lips projecting arc-shaped cutting blade ϊ **: 25 extends beyond said single blade alone. the whole space which is for wood, and that the distance between the axis of such an eccentrically rotatable cutting edge in the form of an arcuate cutting blade projecting from the edge of the blade and the cutting edge of the cutting device is from the bottom of the space intended for the wood. is clearly shorter than the distance of the axis of the actuator between the arm of the actuator and the blade from the base of the space for the wood, and that the cut-. ···. the distance of the axis of the cylinder 35 between the cylinder part comprising the rotating actuator and the body of the cutting device from the space for wood is several times greater than the distance of the axis of the axis between the blade and the body of the cutting device from the space for wood.

Several advantages are achieved with the cutting device according to the invention. The most important thing is a clear technical implementation of the device 5 according to the invention, which enables the lightness of the structure. In the cutting device according to the invention, the introduction of the blade into the wood-cutting movement is carried out in a technically simple and light manner, but nevertheless in terms of cutting efficiency. According to the findings of the applicant 10, the weight of the device according to the invention is at least one third lighter than the known chain-operated cutting devices. The weight of the cutting device, or rather the lightness of the cutting device, is of greater importance the lighter the machine and the smaller the boom at which the cutting device is mounted. With the new cutting device, blade protection is also very easy to implement. The cutting device according to the invention can be used well in rocky and sandy terrains. The eccentrically axed blade 20 of the invention also takes up very little space. The cutting result obtained with an eccentrically rotating toothed cutting blade is also better compared to devices based on direct compression.

• '/ · Additional advantages of the solution according to the invention are also: **: 25 that the tree can be cut closer to the ground, whereby: * · *; the wood material is better harvested. The new cutting device is also well-suited for tight spaces, as the eccentric rotation of the blade pulls the wood to the correct cutting position. The new device is also more maintenance-free.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a cutting device for a boom of a working machine. attached to the head, Fig. 2 shows half-35 ko of the body part of the cutting device with the blade in the initial position,, 101510

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Fig. 3 shows a half of the body part of the cutting device with the blade in the end position.

In Fig. 1, the cutting device 1 is placed at the end of the boom 2 or other similar arm of the working machine. The cutting device 1 5 is fixed to the boom by means of a rotating hydraulic motor 3. By means of the hydraulic motor 3, the cutting device can be rotated in different directions, whereby several trees can be cut at the same point without turning the implement, one of which is indicated by reference numeral 4 and 10 the soil from which tree 4 grows is indicated by reference numeral 5. In Fig. 1 the cutting device is in a position it is possible to cut the tree 4 with a horizontal movement of the blade in a situation where the cutting device would be placed directly attached to the tree by the boom 2.

Referring to Figures 1-3, the cutting device comprises a run part 6, a blade 7 for cutting the wood 4, a space 8 for the wood to be cut and means 12 and 13 for moving the blade to cause the cutting of the wood. The blade 7 is axled at the axing point 11 to the body part 6 close to the space 8 to be cut for the wood 8. According to the figures. · The space for wood shown by reference numeral 8 consists of a U-shaped recess formed in the recess of the body part, which is dimensioned large enough to accommodate a tree of even large diameter. In practice ·*.·. The cutting device 1 is guided by the boom 2 of the working machine to the wood • so that the wood is at least mainly located in the area delimited by the U-recess formed in the body part 6, i.e. the space 8 ..

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According to the invention, the cutting blade edge 7a comprising the blade 7 is located eccentrically with respect to the axing point 11 of the blade 7, in which case the means for introducing the blade into the cutting movement of the wood 4 consist of one or more hydraulic actuators 12 and 13. .! ** from at least one movement arm, such as the movement arms • · · '· 35 12a and 13a, with which the blade 7 with the blade edges 7a is arranged β 101S10 to be rotatable eccentrically with respect to its axis 11 over the space 8 for the wood 4 to be cut, It can be seen from Figures 2 and 3 that the actuators 12 and 13 are implemented with hydraulic cylinders, 5 thus comprising a movement arm 12a and 13a and a cylinder part 12b and 13b. In Fig. 3, the actuating arms 12a and 13a of the actuators are pushed out of the cylinder parts 12b and 13b by hydraulic pressure. The first actuator 12 is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder and the second actuator 13 is an individual-acting hydraulic cylinder.

The eccentric axing of the blade 7 can be seen in Figures 2 and 3. Comparing the initial position of Figure 2 with Figure 3 showing the final position, an eccentric rotation of the blade 7 and its cutting blade edge 7a with respect to the axis 7 of the blade 7 is clearly observed.

In a preferred embodiment, comparing Figures 2 and 3, it is seen that the blade 7, 7a is shafted to the body part 6 so that the movement arms are arranged to rotate the blade 7, 7a towards the bottom of the recess or space 8, whereby the blade 20 pulls the wood to the correct cutting position.

: In the preferred embodiment according to Figures 1-3, the body part 6 consists of two planar halves 6a and 6b placed at opposite ends of the intermediate space 14, the blade 7 being axled between the body part halves 6a and 6b and the hydraulic actuators of the blade 7 * · 12 and 13 are arranged in the space 14 between the halves of the body part. In this embodiment, the blade 7 is mechanically axially fastened in a sufficiently strong manner and at the same time the advantage is achieved that: · * • · ♦ *. *. for the blade 7 and the actuators 12 • · · *. ·: 30 and 13 form a sheltered, space-saving location, which is advantageous and caused by environmental conditions. * ··. against stress, and also with regard to factors relating to safety at work.

'··' It can be seen from Figures 1-3 that both halves 6a and 6b of the body part 6 are shown only in Figure 1. In Figures 7, 101510 sa 2 and 3, on the other hand, only the lower part 6 shown in Figure 1 is also present in the body part 6. the body half 6a, wherein the angle of view of Figs. 2 and 3 is such that it extends from the direction of the upper half 6b of the body 5 shown in Fig. 1 but not shown in Figs. 2 and 3 through the intermediate space 14 toward the lower half 6a of the body. It is further noted from Figures 2 and 3 that the blade axis 11 shown in the figures is also attached to the upper half 6b shown in Figure 1.

It can be seen from Figures 2 and 3 that in the preferred embodiment the movement arms 12a and 13a of the hydraulic actuators 12 and 13 are shafted to the blade 7 so that the direction A between the axis 12c of the first arm 12a and the actual axis 11 of the blade differs from the axis 13c and from the direction B between the actual axis 11 of the blade 7 by an angle C having an angle C of between 70 and 130 degrees, most preferably about 100 degrees. In this case, the directions of movement of the movement arms 12a and 13a together make it possible to generate a right and sufficiently strong movement V · 'in the blade 7, which can thus be effectively brought into eccentric movement cutting the wood over the U-recess, i.e. the space 8. The movement arms 12a and 13a of the hydraulic actuators 12 and 13 are shafted to the blade 7 in the vicinity of the actual axle-25 point 11 at the axising points 12c and • · 13c. In Figures 2 and 3, the cylindrical parts 12b and 13b of the actuators 12 and 13 are axially mounted on the body portion 6a. . dissa 12d and 13d.

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Figures 1-3 also show the hydraulic lines • * · · * * 30, i.e. the hydraulic hoses 12e and 12f and 13e for the actuators 12 #> * ί · and 13, along which hydraulic pressure the hydraulic pressure is applied to the hydraulic cylinders from the hydraulic system of the implement. s.

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In a preferred embodiment, the distance D of the axing point 11 of the blade 7 from the furthest point E of the blade edge 7a of the blade 7 is larger than the width F of the space for the wood to be cut, whereby the eccentrically rotatable blade 7 with its blade edge 7a securely cuts the wood. .

It can be seen from Figures 1-3 that in the preferred embodiment the shape of the blade edge 7b of the blade 7 substantially corresponds to the shape of the arc of an ellipse which, according to the applicant's observations, gives the best result when cutting wood in an eccentric motion.

It is essential to the invention that the blade edge of such a non-centrally rotatable and elliptical arcuate cutting blade 7 extends with this single blade alone over the entire space 8 for wood, and that such an eccentrically rotatable and blade-edged elliptical cutting ellipse The distance between the axing point 11 between 7 and the cutting device body 6a from the bottom of the wood space 8 is clearly shorter than the distance between the actuating arm 12a of the actuator 12 and the axle-20 point 12c between the blade 7 and the wood space 8. · Stubborn, and that the cylinder part 12b and the cutting device comprising the actuator 12 rotating the cutting blade 7; · ': The distance between the axis 12a of the axis between the body part 6a and the space 8 for wood is several times greater than • «! *. *. 25 between the blade 7 and the body 6a of the cutting device. the distance of the point of incidence 11 from the space intended for the tree 8.

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In a preferred embodiment, the first operating arm. . the distance G between the axis 12a of the shaft 12a and the actual acceleration point 11 of the blade 7 differs from the distance H between the axis 13c of the second movement 13a and the actual acceleration point 11 of the blade 7, and according to Figures 2 and 3, so that the distance G is longer than the distance H «I«, whereby the more important direction of movement has a longer mo- I | menttivarren. In this case, in the preferred embodiment, the double-acting actuator 12 is the one with a longer distance 9101510 from the axis 11, so that the advantages of the double-acting actuator 12 are best realized, since the actuator 12 provides more efficient torque due to the longer torque arm.

It can be seen in Figure 1 that the cutting device 1 comprises conveying means rotating about its axis, in fact conveying means 22 and 23 rotating about its shafts 20 and 21, such as toothed rollers, for moving cut wood relative to the blade 7. The direction 10 of the blade 7 is substantially perpendicular to the conveying means 22 , 23 with respect to the axes 20, 21, the cutting blade 7 being correctly positioned relative to the transfer means 22, 23, i.e. the toothed rollers, on the shafts of which the toothed rollers move the cut wood 15 forward by means of a rotational movement.

Figure 1 also shows other structures between the boom 2 and the body part 6a, 6b protecting the blade 7, such as grapples 30 and 31, with which the wood can be hydraulically pressed into place during the cutting, i.e. the eccentric movement 20 of the blade. Grapples 30 and 31 also work in pruning branches.

Figure 1 also shows an opening guard 50 at the edges of the U-recess of the blade, i.e. the space 8. This opening cover 50 covers the intermediate space 14 between the halves of the body part at the mouth opening, which prevents the impurities 25 from drifting into the intermediate space 14 and at the same time improves occupational safety. safety. The aperture cover 50 also strengthens the structure. The aperture guard 50 also supports the wood in the space 8 during the felling of the wood. Figures 1 and 2 also show a counterblade 60 which is adapted to rotate the edge of the recess, i.e. the space 8, formed in the lower part of the lower body part.

In addition, in Fig. 1, a side part 6c between the lugs 6a and 6b of the body part half can be seen, the height of which determines the height of the intermediate space 14.

Although the invention has been described above with reference to the examples according to the accompanying drawings, it is clear that the invention is not limited thereto, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of the inventive idea set forth in the appended claims.

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Claims (9)

11 101510 A cutting device for cutting wood, which device is intended to be mounted in connection with a movable boom (2) or the like of a working machine, the cutting device (1) comprising a body part (6, 6a, 6b), a blade (7, 7a) 4) for cutting, a space (8) for the wood to be cut, means (12, 13) for moving the blade (7) to cause the cutting of the wood (4), the blade (7) being axled at 10 axing points (11) to the body part (6, 6a) , 6b), and the cutting blade edge (7a) comprising the blade (7) is located eccentrically with respect to the axis (11) of the blade (7), and the means (12, 13) for moving the blade (7) into the cutting movement of the wood (4) are formed by one or comprising a plurality of hydraulic actuators (12, 13) on at least one movement arm (12a, 13a) by means of which the blade (7) with its blade edges (7a) is adapted to rotate eccentrically over its axis (11) over the space (8) for the wood (4) to be cut; ), and with cutting laws the shape of the toothed blade edge (7a) of the cutting blade (7) substantially corresponds to the shape of the protruding arc of the ellipse, characterized in that the blade edge of such an eccentrically rotatable cutting edge (7) in the shape of an elliptical projecting arc of the blade edge extends in question; 25 with one blade alone over the entire space (8) which is • · ·: · * for wood, and that such an eccentrically rotatable and projecting arc with an elliptical blade edge forms a second cutting blade (7). ) and the body part of the cutting device '•' l '. (6a) the distance of the axis (11) between the bottom of the wood space (8) is clearly shorter than the distance of the axle point (12c) between the actuator arm (12a) and the blade (7) from the wood space; · (8) from the base, and that the distance between the cylinder part (10b) comprising the actuator (12) rotating the cutting blade (7) and the cutting point 12 101510 (12d) between the cylinder part (6a) of the cutting device and the space (8) for wood is several times greater than the distance of the axis (8) between the blade (7) and the cutting device body (6a) from the space (8) for wood. Cutting device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cutting device (1) for rotating the blade comprises two hydraulic actuators (12, 13) for the blade (7) and in that the operating arms (12a, 13a) of the hydraulic actuators (12, 13) are (7) in that the direction (A) between the axing point (12c) of the first movement arm (12a) and the actual axing point (11) of the blade (7) differs from the axing point (13c) of the second movement arm (13a) and the actual axing point of the blade (7) (11) by an angle (C) having an angle (C) of between 70 and 130 degrees, most preferably about 100 degrees. Cutting device according to Claim 2, characterized in that the distance (G) between the axis of the first movement arm (12a) and the actual axis of the blade (7) differs from the axis (13c) of the axis of the second movement arm (13a). and the distance (H) between the actual axis of the blade (7). Cutting device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the toothed blade edge (7a) ... The intersecting sides of the teeth comprising 25 are oriented substantially · · ♦ ♦ »past the axis (11) of the blade (7). A breaker according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the intersecting sides of the teeth comprising the toothed blade edge (7a) are oriented at a large angle. towards the substantially elliptical arcuate blade edge defined by the toothed blade edge. '1' Cutting device according to Claim 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that the intersecting sides of the teeth comprising the toothed edge (7a) are directed towards the space (8) for the wood to be cut. opposite edge. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the body part (6, 6a) 5 of the device comprises a counterblade (60). Device according to Claim 7, characterized in that the counterblade (60) is arranged to rotate the edge of the space (8) for wood. Device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the counterblade (60) is adapted to rotate the edge of the wood space (8) formed in the recess of the lower body part 6a of the frame. «· · • · · •« ♦ ♦ · · ♦ · «• ·« • · • ♦ i i i • · ··· • · t • · «♦ # · • · ·« 14 101510