ES342898A1 - Vapour permeable sheet materials - Google Patents

Vapour permeable sheet materials

Info

Publication number
ES342898A1
ES342898A1 ES342898A ES342898A ES342898A1 ES 342898 A1 ES342898 A1 ES 342898A1 ES 342898 A ES342898 A ES 342898A ES 342898 A ES342898 A ES 342898A ES 342898 A1 ES342898 A1 ES 342898A1
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
coating
filler
woven fabric
microporous
polymeric material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
ES342898A
Other languages
Spanish (es)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd filed Critical Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd
Publication of ES342898A1 publication Critical patent/ES342898A1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres
    • D04H1/06—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/552—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving by applying solvents or auxiliary agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
    • D06N3/0063—Inorganic compounding ingredients, e.g. metals, carbon fibres, Na2CO3, metal layers; Post-treatment with inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
    • C08J2201/044—Elimination of an inorganic solid phase
    • C08J2201/0444—Salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
    • C08J2201/05—Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase
    • C08J2201/0504—Elimination by evaporation or heat degradation of a liquid phase the liquid phase being aqueous
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
    • C08J2201/04—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by the elimination of a liquid or solid component, e.g. precipitation, leaching out, evaporation
    • C08J2201/054—Precipitating the polymer by adding a non-solvent or a different solvent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S521/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S521/92—Cellular product containing a dye or pigment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249978—Voids specified as micro
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2139—Coating or impregnation specified as porous or permeable to a specific substance [e.g., water vapor, air, etc.]

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

A water-vapour permeable sheet material comprises a water-vapour permeable non- woven fabric comprising interlocked and entangled fibres, and a water-vapour permeable coating of flexible polymeric material in superposed adherence with the non-woven fabric, the coating having a microporous structure and having a modulus that varies through its thickness in such a manner that, on moving through the thickness of the coating from the surface adjacent the fabric to the exposed surface of the coating, the modulus increases to a maximum and then decreases in value towards the exposed surface. The term "modulus" is defined as the slope of the load-extension curve at zero extension determined by extending at a rate of 5 cm/min. in an Instron Tester a film 10 cm. by 2 cm. formed by casting a film of the coating composition. The coating may be a multi-layered structure of which neighbouring layers have different moduli, and at least some of the layers of the coating may incorporate a reinforcing filler in particle form. The flexible polymeric material may be a polyurethane elastomer, polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, polyesteramides, polyacetals, polyvinyl derivatives such as vinyl chloride polymer, or a combination thereof. The non-woven fabric may be a needle-punched non-woven fabric containing at least 20% and less than 50% by weight of in-situ retracted organic fibres, the fabric having been shrunk by about 35% of its original planar area and impregnated with an elastomeric or a resinous filling agent, e.g. a butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer. The non- woven fabric may be formed wholly or partly of synthetic fibres, e.g. polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyofines such as polypropylene, or polyamides. A thin liquid waterimpermeable top coat may be applied to the microporous coating which top coat may be embossed, e.g. with a natural leather grain. The material is produced by (a) applying e.g. by doctor knife technique, to the non-woven fabric comprising interlocked and entangled fibres a coating of polymeric material incorporating a filler in particle form in a liquid which is a solvent for the polymeric material and a non- solvent for the filler, (b) removing substantially all of the solvent from the coating, and (c) rendering the coating microporous, the coating being applied in the form of a multi-layered structure of which neighbouring layers have different compositions so that after steps (b) and (c) the microporous coating has the required modulus characteristic. At least part of the filler may be a soluble filler. Some of the coating layers may contain a soluble filler and some contain a mixture of a soluble filler and a reinforcing filler. The coating may be rendered microporous by leaching out the soluble filler where the filler is a reinforcing filler the coating is rendered microporous by a coagulation technique or the reinforcing filler is mixed with an agent in particle form which will decompose upon heating into one or more gases to form micropores in the coating or particles of the gas evolving agent may be used alone. Examples of fillers are given.
ES342898A 1966-07-11 1967-07-11 Vapour permeable sheet materials Expired ES342898A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3097666A GB1132888A (en) 1966-07-11 1966-07-11 Water vapour permeable sheet materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES342898A1 true ES342898A1 (en) 1968-10-16

Family

ID=10316035

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES342898A Expired ES342898A1 (en) 1966-07-11 1967-07-11 Vapour permeable sheet materials

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3510344A (en)
BE (1) BE701014A (en)
CH (1) CH454793A (en)
ES (1) ES342898A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1132888A (en)
LU (1) LU54061A1 (en)
NL (1) NL6709589A (en)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3644251A (en) * 1969-04-08 1972-02-22 Nl Bewoid Mij Nv Nonwoven fabrics and binders therefor
US3931437A (en) * 1969-07-22 1976-01-06 Inmont Corporation Surface treatment of microporous material
US3716502A (en) * 1970-11-27 1973-02-13 Inmont Corp Elastomeric thermoplastic polyester polyurethane compositions stabilized against hydrolysis
CS184491B1 (en) * 1975-08-29 1978-08-31 Eduard Mueck Ambroz,ludvik,cs
US5418044A (en) * 1988-05-07 1995-05-23 Akzo N.V. Irreversibly stretchable laminate comprising layers of woven or knitted fabrics and water-vapor permeable films
US5344691A (en) * 1990-03-30 1994-09-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Spatially modified elastic laminates
GB2247192B (en) * 1990-08-22 1994-05-04 Squibb & Sons Inc Membrane,e.g.for use in an ileostomy bag
CA2116081C (en) * 1993-12-17 2005-07-26 Ann Louise Mccormack Breathable, cloth-like film/nonwoven composite
US6309736B1 (en) 1994-12-20 2001-10-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Low gauge films and film/nonwoven laminates
ZA9510604B (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-07-03 Kimberly Clark Co Low gauge films and film/nonwoven laminates
TW330217B (en) 1994-12-20 1998-04-21 Kimberly Clark Co Low gauge films and film/nonwoven laminates
US6909028B1 (en) 1997-09-15 2005-06-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Stable breathable elastic garments

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH314298A (en) * 1953-04-04 1956-06-15 Koetitzer Ledertuch Und Wachst A method for producing a suede-like artificial leather
US2839479A (en) * 1954-02-23 1958-06-17 Eastman Kodak Co Polymeric composition of an acrylic acid ester and cellulose acetate and method of preparation
US2826509A (en) * 1954-08-04 1958-03-11 Goodrich Co B F Method of making moisture vapor permeable and water resistant rubbery materials
US3000757A (en) * 1957-01-28 1961-09-19 Du Pont Process for coating substrates with a vapor permeable polymeric coating
GB893637A (en) * 1957-10-12 1962-04-11 Dunlop Rubber Co Method of producing laminated sheet materials
US3100721A (en) * 1961-02-21 1963-08-13 Du Pont Process for producing microporous films and coatings
US3136655A (en) * 1960-04-22 1964-06-09 Du Pont Method of coating polyethylene terephthalate film, coated article and composition therefor
US3180853A (en) * 1961-04-06 1965-04-27 Du Pont Polyurethane prepolymer chain-extended with an n-lower alkyl amino-bislower alkyl amine
US3190765A (en) * 1961-06-26 1965-06-22 Du Pont Vapor permeable sheet material and method of making same
BE626816A (en) * 1962-01-05
US3238055A (en) * 1963-04-12 1966-03-01 Du Pont Poromeric material and method of making same
US3413179A (en) * 1966-12-28 1968-11-26 Dunlop Rubber Co Flexible sheet material and method for making same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH454793A (en) 1968-04-30
LU54061A1 (en) 1967-09-07
NL6709589A (en) 1968-01-12
GB1132888A (en) 1968-11-06
US3510344A (en) 1970-05-05
BE701014A (en) 1968-01-08

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