ES2958227A1 - Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who carries it, and the system that includes it - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is a portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), and a system that comprises it. When a user (7) receives an impact on the body, the device (1) is capable of, among other functionalities, detecting said impact, identifying the type and where on the body it occurred. It also monitors vital signs (71) and geographic location. The device (1) is configured to wirelessly communicate the information collected about the impact and status of the user (7) to the remote gateways (3) of the system (2) that are within its reach, and said gateways communicate said information to a control center (4, 4.1, 4.2) of the system (2), where said information can be analyzed in a visual and understandable way.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who carries it, and the system that includes it

Object of the Invention

The purpose of the present invention is a portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who wears it, and a system that comprises it.

In the event that a user of the device receives an impact on the body, the device is capable of, among other functionalities, detecting said impact, identifying the type of impact and where on the body it occurred. The device also monitors the user's vital signs and geographic location. In the event that certain established parameters are met, such as the detection of an impact of a certain magnitude or greater, or a certain physical state of the user, the device is configured to wirelessly communicate the information collected about the impact and the user's state to the doors of the user. remote link of the system that are within their reach, and said gateways communicate said information to a system control center, where said information can be analyzed in a visual and understandable way.

All these functions are performed by combining different technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), triboelectric energy nanogenerators (TENGs), GPS / GNSS, or the LPWAN / LoRaWAN communication protocol.

The device object of the invention is autonomous and has a size that makes it suitable for being carried by an individual ("wearable" or "wearable") while performing a physically demanding activity. The system performs its function with reduced electrical consumption and a reduced payload of each communication, technical characteristics that optimize its autonomy.

The portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who carries it, and the system that comprises it, has special application in areas such as the identification and communication of lifeless or wounded bodies on the battlefield, replacing to the current military badge, in the field of contact sports, or in health care to detect falls.

State of the Art

In the military field, soldiers currently have an identification badge hung around their neck by a chain on whose badge the personal information necessary for identification is engraved. Although the information recorded on the badges depends on the army of the country to which each soldier belongs, the established protocol of action is global. The procedure dictated by this protocol is based on the fact that in the event that a soldier finds the body of a comrade who has fallen in combat, he must tear off the soldier's identification badge and hand it over to a superior. This way the fallen soldier can be identified and notified.

This protocol is rudimentary, analogical and with a lot of room for failure, since it calls for a soldier to be lucky enough to find the lifeless or badly injured body of a comrade, which may be hidden. Recovering this badge can also be very dangerous if the lifeless body is within reach of the enemy, causing the soldier implementing the protocol to also be killed.

It would be very convenient in a situation like the one described for each soldier in combat to have a device that can indicate to his superiors that he has been wounded or killed, in an infallible way in real time. With a device of this type, not only is it avoided putting another soldier at risk to recover the identification badge of the fallen comrade, but sometimes his death could be avoided, since when the information is received in the control center in The moment the soldier is injured, an assistance and/or evacuation protocol can be activated as soon as possible.

Due to the nature of military operations, for a system that is responsible for monitoring and communicating information about a soldier, it is of vital importance that communication with the control center can be effective at the greatest possible distance.

Because wireless communications can be intercepted by third parties such as the enemy, it is important that a system such as the one described fulfill its function by minimizing the frequency at which it makes a communication and minimizing the payload of each of them, and thus not put in jeopardy. risk to the bearer of the device due to its geolocation being revealed when it broadcasts.

Likewise, in the field of contact sports such as boxing, wrestling or kick-boxing, a device that allows identifying where the impacts occur on the rival, the magnitude of the impacts received, as well as the condition of the athlete would be very useful. after receiving them.

In the field of health, especially for people with reduced mobility, a device that they could carry with them would be very useful and that in the event of a fall without having someone nearby who can help them, this device detects the fall and what part of the body has been hit, and this information can be notified to an assistance control center, along with information on your health status and your geolocation in order to receive help.

It would also be a great technical advantage if a system like the one described had reduced electrical consumption, and that the entire system or the largest number of its components did not depend on battery power to operate. This maximizes the autonomy of the device, in circumstances where it is not easy to replace or recharge the device's battery while it is in use.

Geolocation and monitoring of vital signs are two well-known fields with systems that combine them with application in various areas of activity, such as health, logistics, security or the military. These systems allow precise monitoring of the location and status of the individual being monitored, as well as continuous monitoring of their vital signs. Along with its use in communications networks adapted to these areas, it is possible to centrally monitor a large number of individuals at the same time.

There are portable, “wearable” or “wearable” devices for evaluating the health of an individual by measuring vital signs such as pulse and blood oxygen saturation along with certain physiological patterns based on the behavior of the human body. Currently, this type of vital signals produced by the human body can be transduced using pulse or electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors, depending on the area of the body where it is placed.

There are also wearables that perform geolocation through trilateration analysis of the information received from a space satellite network, with the use of several satellite systems to compose a reliable response. Other geolocation systems with greater precision use differential systems. These systems provide location precision of up to centimeters in exchange for the need to have a terrestrial antenna in charge of rectifying errors produced by satellite orbits and fine-tuning the position provided by the GPS.

Wearables are known that implement LPWAN communication networks as low-consumption, wide-area coverage networks ideal for sending small data packets over large spaces. These networks emerge as an alternative to LTE, 3G, 4G and GSM networks to encourage and develop the Internet of Things (IoT), with features that allow prolonging the battery use of connected devices. Within them there are several technologies such as NB-IoT, LoRa or Sigfox.

LoRa technology, based on the LoRaWAN communication protocol, allows an extensive coverage range, great mobility capacity and a fairly low cost compared to other networks of its class. LoRaWAN is designed to provide broad network coverage at a low cost and with the ability to provide mobility to the network, without the need for the link point that provides the network to be a fixed or anchored antenna. The main disadvantage of this communication system is the loss of coverage associated with urban areas, which is reduced due to the multitude of existing obstacles.

Document No. 1 is known in the state of the art:

“lot-based healthcare monitoring system for war soldiers using machine learning”, in Procedia Computer Science, 133:1005-1013, 2018, from the International Conference on Robotics and Smart Manufacturing (RoSMa2018), by the authors Aashay Gondalia, Dhruv Dixit, Shubham Parashar, Vijayanand Raghava, Animesh Sengupta, and Vergin Raja Sarobin,

which describes a method of continuously locating and monitoring vital signs for soldiers. This document proposes a master-slave technology through the use of Zigbee and LoRaWAN protocols by which soldiers send data to the master device, which is carried by the squad leader. In the proposal of this document, it is the master that sends the data of the entire squad via LoRaWAN to a computer that is connected to the gateway. This mechanism presents an interesting architecture in terms of the use of IoT networks, but it generates several technical problems. The main one is that this system depends on a master device, which increases the chances of data loss. On the other hand, LoRaWAN allows for a very reduced data payload per message, so using this method all of a squad's data must be sent in many messages, which increases the possibility of information loss and exposure to the enemy of the squad. squadron and information chief.

Furthermore, as described in document #2:

“lot-based health monitoring via lorawan”, IEEE EUROCON 2017 -17th International Conference on Smart Technologies, pages 519-524, 2017, by authors Afef Mdhaffar, Tarak Chaari, Kaouthar Larbi, Mohamed Jmaiel, and Bernd Freisleben,

LoRaWAN is not designed for continuous data delivery. This protocol, when sending sporadic data through fixed devices and fixed gateways, achieves network coverage of up to 33 km in rural areas, and smaller in urban areas.

The use of TENGs in clothing and textile materials as wearable devices has an increasingly widespread application. However, until now its application as an impact detector on an individual and the nature of this impact depending on the signal generated and detected (and whether it passes through him or not and, if applicable, the trajectory of the bullet) are not known. .

In this sense, in document No. 3:

“Textile-Triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs) for wearable energy harvesting devices", in Chemcial Engineering Journal. 451. Part 3, 1.01/2023, by authors Ryan Walden, Irthasa Aazem, Aswathy Babu, Suresh C. Pillai,

TENGs integrated into clothing and washable textile media are described. Among the applications contemplated, its joint use with electronic sensors in the field of health is disclosed in a generic way, but as repositories or energy generators for the sensors and thus avoid their dependence on batteries.

From the teachings of this document, it is believed that an expert in the field could not develop a system that detects and identifies the receipt of an impact on an individual, that identifies the type of projectile, in which part of the body it has been received and if the projectile has penetrated and/or passed through the user's body, whether fatal or not, using detection transducers or sensors that do not require electrical power to perform their function.

Description of the invention

In order to solve the technical problems described and provide the state of the art with a system with the technical advantages set forth, the present invention discloses a portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who carries it, and a system that he understands it.

The portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who wears it of the invention comprises:

• at least one vital signs monitoring unit of the user, configured and arranged in the user to monitor the arterial pulse of the user and/or the heart rate of the user and/or the blood oxygen saturation of the user, • at least a data input unit,

• at least one button to select available functions,

• at least one telecommunication unit wirelessly connectable with at least one remote gateway using at least one communication protocol, • at least one impact detection unit,

• at least one control unit of the device comprising a programmable integrated circuit connected to at least one of the above units and configured to control the operation of each unit to which it may be connected and execute the functions programmed and selected,

• at least one battery that supplies power to the units that need it, The at least one telecommunications unit is configured to emit information related to the user wearing the device and generated by the units of the device when executing the functions for which they are configured .

Furthermore, every unit of the device is connected to a control unit. When the device includes more than one control unit, one of said control units is the main control unit in charge of the general control of the device, controlling the rest of the control units, and in charge of executing the functions that the device has programmed and selected. .

The novel aspect of the invention is that the impact detection unit comprises a plurality of impact sensors configured to detect impacts. In addition, each impact sensor is configured to generate an electrical pulse when a body impacts any point on its surface configured to detect impacts, and the amplitude and width of the electrical pulse generated is proportional to the energy of the impact, how much surface of the sensor receives impact and how long the impact lasts. Each impact sensor covers a fragment of the total surface of the user wearing the device on which it is desired to monitor impacts.

The impact sensors are arranged so that the surfaces configured to detect impacts of each of the sensors do not overlap each other, and they are spatially arranged substantially covering the surface of the user wearing the device in which it is desired to monitor whether receives an impact. Each impact sensor has its own wired connection to a control unit.

A control unit having impact sensors connected to it is configured to receive and process the electrical pulses transmitted by each of the impact sensors connected to said control unit,

Each control unit is preferably a low-power microcontroller.

Among other elements, the device may also include indicator lights for the functions performed to help the user and verify selected functions. Preferably, the indicator lights will be of the LED type.

Connectivity between the different units of the device can be wireless or wired. When the connectivity is wireless because it is located in different parts of the user with any of the existing technologies, preferably Bluetooth or LoRa.

The portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who wears it may also include a satellite geolocation unit.

The at least one input unit is configured to connect to an external device configured to communicate with at least one input unit of the device and receive information from said external device. The input unit is configured to send information received from an external device to a control unit that controls the device. Said control unit is configured to store and process the information received from the input unit.

The information that the control unit is configured to store and process comprises operational and configuration parameters of the device units and the operation of the device. The control unit is configured to configure the operation of the device units and the operation of the device based on said parameters.

Preferably there will be an input unit with USB connectivity.

The information that the control unit is configured to store and process comprises information that identifies the user who is going to wear the device, and at least a threshold value of each of the vital signs that can be monitored in the user below or below above which the device is configured to generate a response.

Additionally, the information that the control unit is configured to store and process may include:

• Information on configurable user vital states, each vital state comprising at least one vital condition. Each vital condition of each vital state includes a threshold value of a vital sign and whether to meet the vital condition the vital sign must be higher or lower than the threshold value. Each vital state also includes the minimum number of vital conditions that must be met for the user to fulfill the vital state.

• Information from each impact sensor that comprises the device that identifies and differentiates each impact sensor from the rest.

• Information on the spatial location of the user wearing the device of each impact sensor that comprises the device, and the surface of the user that it covers.

• The threshold amplitude and threshold width of the electrical pulses that each impact sensor must send in order for the device to generate a response. These threshold values are obtained empirically through controlled impact tests in which the response of each type of sensor that the impact detection unit will comprise is measured with respect to the different types of impact for which the device will be configured.

• The amplitude and width of the electrical pulse that each impact sensor sends when hit by a type of projectile or body that the device is configured to generate a response to. This pulse is associated with the body or projectile that generated it and identifies it.

Said electrical pulse has been obtained empirically through controlled tests in which each impact sensor of the device is impacted with the projectiles or bodies for which the device is configured, or through equivalent tests in which the sensor is impacted with the force or the threshold energy for which you want the device to generate a response.

• The energy generated by at least one certain impact of at least one certain body or projectile with a certain impact surface for which each impact sensor is configured upon impact on said sensor.

Said energy and impact surface are stored associated with the empirical value of the amplitude and width of the electrical pulse generated by each sensor when receiving a certain impact from said body or projectile in tests in which the impact energy and the impact surface are controlled.

• At least one equation that relates the energy generated by the impact of at least one projectile or body for which each impact sensor is configured upon impact on said sensor as a function of the electrical pulse generated by said projectile or body upon impact on said sensor. of impacts. Each energy equation is calculated based on the empirical values of the electrical pulses generated by each impact sensor when receiving impacts in tests in which the impact energy is controlled.

• The speed and impact force of at least one certain body or projectile with at least one certain mass for which each impact sensor is configured upon impact on said sensor. The speeds and impact forces are stored associated with the empirical value of the amplitude and width of the electrical pulse generated by each sensor when receiving a certain impact from said body or projectile in tests in which the mass, speed and force of impact are controlled. • At least one equation that relates the impact speed and/or the impact force of at least one projectile or body for which each sensor is configured upon impact on said sensor as a function of the electrical pulse generated by said projectile or body upon impact. on each impact sensor. Each speed and/or force equation is calculated based on the empirical values of the electrical pulses generated by each impact sensor when receiving impacts in tests in which the mass, speed and/or force of the impact are controlled.

• The threshold value of the amplitude and width of the electrical pulse that each impact sensor sends when a projectile passes through the impact sensor. These threshold values are obtained empirically through controlled impact tests on each sensor in which the impact force of at least one projectile is increased until it manages to pass through the sensor, where said threshold values are stored associated with the impact sensor that generated it.

• The threshold amplitude and width of the electrical pulse that each impact sensor sends when a projectile for which it is configured to generate a response passes through the impact sensor. This threshold value of each projectile in each sensor is obtained empirically through controlled impact tests of the projectiles for which the device will be configured to generate a response in each impact sensor. Each threshold pulse is stored associated with the type of projectile that generates it and the sensor that generates it.

The possible combinations of two impact sensors of the device that, due to their spatial locations on the device, can be crossed by the same projectile that passes through the user who carries it.

The spatial orientation values of the lines that join the geometric centers of the surfaces of each two impact sensors of the device that, due to their spatial locations on the device, can be crossed by the same projectile that passes through the user carrying it, and the value absolute distance between said geometric centers.

The projectile input energy from the place where it exited (such as a rifle, pistol, or similar item) of at least one projectile for which the device is configured and which passes through the user by passing through two impact sensors.

Said input energy is stored associated with the energy deposited in the body by the projectile as it passes through the user's body, which is the difference between the energy generated by the projectile upon impact on the first impact sensor and the energy generated by the projectile. upon impact on the second impact sensor. It is also stored associated with the total energy of the projectile in the section in which it passes through the user, this being the average energy generated by the two impacts calculated as the average value of the energy generated by the projectile upon impact on each of the sensors. of impacts.

The impact energy of the projectile on each sensor is stored associated with the value of the electrical pulse generated by said projectile upon impact on each sensor.

The relationship between the input energy of the projectile, between the energy deposited in the user's body by the projectile as it passes through the user's body and between the total energy of the projectile in the section in which it passes through the user is calculated empirically through tests in which the input energy and the impact energy of the projectile in each sensor are measurable with a firing distance of the projectile to the device, with a mass of the projectile and an energy loss of the projectile when passing through a human body controlled. In this way, results are obtained from which a curve is constructed that represents the input energy of the projectile from the place where it exited as a function of the energy deposited in the body by the projectile when it first crossed the user's body. axis and depending on the total energy of the projectile in the section in which it passes through the user in a second axis. The relationship between the energy generated in each sensor by the projectile impact and the amplitude and width of the electrical pulse generated by the impact is also obtained empirically in tests in which the impact energy is controlled.

The information stored in a control unit that has at least one impact sensor connected comprises the threshold amplitude and the threshold width of the electrical pulses that each impact sensor must send to which the device is configured to generate a response.

The information stored in a control unit that has at least one impact sensor connected may further comprise information stored in each impact sensor to which it is connected that identifies and differentiates each impact sensor from the rest. It also includes its spatial location in the user wearing the device and the surface of the user it covers.

The information stored in a control unit that has at least one impact sensor connected may further comprise the amplitude and width of the electrical pulses that each connected impact sensor can send when hit by a type of projectile or body for the that the device is configured to generate a response. In this sense, it can also understand the threshold amplitude and threshold width of the electrical pulses that each sensor must send for each type of projectile or body for the device to generate said response.

The information stored in a control unit that has at least one impact sensor connected may further comprise the threshold amplitude and width of the electrical pulse that each impact sensor sends when a projectile for which the device is configured to generate a response passes through the impact sensor.

The information stored in a control unit that has at least one impact sensor connected may also include the possible combinations of two impact sensors of the device that, due to their spatial locations on the device, can be crossed by the same projectile that passes through the user. he carries it.

In the portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who wears it of the invention, at least one control unit is configured to evaluate the electrical pulse generated by an impact sensor to which it is connected, comparing said pulse with stored information about electrical pulses.

Furthermore, said control unit is configured to activate in the device a first alert mode in response to an electrical pulse received with a value equal to or greater than one of the stored threshold electrical pulse values. Said control unit is configured to store the information of the electrical pulse that has activated the first alert mode, and communicate it to other units of the device to which it is connected.

A control unit having connected impact sensors may be configured to identify the impact sensor transmitting an electrical pulse. The way to do this is to compare the electrical signal received by the impact sensor with the information stored on the different sensors connected to the control unit. Furthermore, said control unit is configured to store and communicate to other units of the device to which it is connected the identity of the impact sensor that has sent a pulse and its spatial location on the user wearing the device and the surface of the user wearing the device. it covers.

Additionally, a control unit having connected impact sensors may be configured to identify the type of projectile or body that has impacted one of said impact sensors, by comparing the electrical pulse received by the impact sensor with information stored about the amplitude and width of the electrical pulses generated by the types of projectile or bodies that the device is configured to identify. Said control unit is configured to store and communicate to other units of the device to which it is connected the identity of the projectile or body that has impacted.

Furthermore, a control unit having impact sensors attached may be configured to identify whether the type of projectile that has impacted one of said impact sensors has passed through the impact sensor and therefore entered the user. To do this, it compares the electrical pulse received by the impact sensor that activated the first alert mode with the stored information about the amplitude and width of the electrical pulses generated in each impact sensor when the projectile types for which the device is configured pass through the impact sensor. In these cases, said control unit is configured to store and communicate to other units of the device to which it is connected that a projectile has passed through a sensor connected to said control unit.

In the portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who wears it of the invention, a control unit may also be configured to activate a second alert mode if:

• the electrical pulse that activated the first alert mode equals or exceeds the value of the stored threshold pulse at which the projectile that impacted passes through the impact sensor that sent said pulse, and

• if during a configurable period a control unit receives from a second impact sensor an electrical pulse with a value equal to or greater than the value of the threshold pulse in which a projectile of the type that has passed through the first sensor passes through the second impact sensor of impacts, and

• if it identifies the two impact sensors crossed as one of the combinations of impact sensors that can be crossed by the same projectile that passes through the user, comparing the combination formed by the pair of sensors crossed with those that are stored.

In these cases, said control unit is configured to store the information of the second electrical pulse that has activated the second alert mode and that of the sensor that sent said pulse, and to communicate said information to other units of the device to which it is connected. .

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the impact sensors of the portable and communicating device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who wears it do not consume energy while they are in a waiting state to detect an impact. The surface of each impact sensor configured to detect impacts is substantially composed of a triboelectric material. In this way, the pulse transmitted by an impact sensor to its control unit when it detects an impact consists of the triboelectric electricity generated in the sensor due to having received the impact of a body or projectile that has hit it, or because the user has hit against a body hitting it. Consequently, impact sensors do not depend on a power source to perform their function.

The surface of each impact sensor configured to detect impacts in a preferred embodiment of the invention is substantially composed of triboelectric nanogenerators, also called TENGs (TriboElectric NanoGenerators).

Depending on the environment and purpose of use of the device, sensors made from TENGs can be single or double electrode, vertical contact separation, lateral sliding, or independent triboelectric layer, among other options.

TENGs are capable of generating electricity thanks to the juxtaposition in the material of two triboelectric layers, an electronegative layer and an electropositive layer. Triboelectric layers can be textile and soft layers or hard layers.

Among the textile layers, graphene type textiles with high molecular weight polyethylene as the negative layer and cotton as the positive layer are advantageously indicated for this invention. Another textile suitable for the negative layer would be nylon. In embodiments with soft textile layers, the TENGs can be sewn to other elements of the device.

As for hard triboelectric layers, those composed of PDMS (organic polymer based on silicon) and PVA (polyvinyl acetate) for the positive layer, pure or modified with graphene nanoparticles, are advantageously indicated for the negative layer. In embodiments with hard layers, the TENGs can be glued to other elements of the device.

TENGs can be developed with qualities that can be advantageous depending on the intended application for the device; They can be fireproof and/or moisture resistant.

Another aspect of the portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user that carries it of the invention, is that a control unit can be configured to activate in the device a first alert mode in response to an action by the user. on at least one button of the device. To activate the first alert mode you need to follow a configurable action sequence different from a single instantaneous press of a button on the device, so that the alarm mode is not activated by mistake. Furthermore, the control unit is configured to store and communicate to other units of the device to which it is connected that the first alert mode has been activated by user action.

Another aspect of the portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user carrying it of the invention is that a control unit can be configured to activate during a first configurable period at least one vital signs monitoring unit. of the user in response to a first sequence of action by the user on at least one button of the device and deactivating it at the end of the first configurable period. Said vital signs monitoring unit is configured to communicate to the control unit that activated it the vital signs of the user being monitored. Additionally, said control unit is configured to deactivate the at least one activated monitoring unit after receiving the vital signs during a second configurable period of activity equal to or less than the first configurable period. After a third configurable inactivity period and less than the first configurable period, said control unit is configured to reactivate the at least one monitoring unit if the first configurable period has not expired.

Said control unit is further configured to deactivate said user vital signs monitoring unit in response to a user action sequence on at least one button of the device, also deactivating any active periodic vital signs monitoring process.

In embodiments of the invention of this nature, a control unit is configured to activate a telecommunications unit while the vital signs monitoring unit is active and communicate the information it receives from the monitoring unit to it for wireless output. The telecommunications unit emits said information structured in messages with a configurable payload. In these cases, the control unit that manages the telecommunication unit is configured to deactivate said telecommunication unit that was broadcasting information about the user's vital signs once it has deactivated the monitoring unit.

A control unit as described may be configured to evaluate vital signs received from at least one vital signs monitoring unit, comparing them with at least one configured and stored threshold value. Said control unit is configured to activate in the device a first alert mode in response to receiving a value of at least one vital sign below the at least one threshold value during a fourth configurable period. Furthermore, said control unit is configured to store that the first alert mode has been activated because there is at least one vital sign below at least one threshold value.

A portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who carries it as described, with all or some of the technical characteristics previously described, when the first alert mode is activated in the device, the control unit in charge of the alert mode control is configured to activate for a first configurable period at least one monitoring unit of the user's vital signs to which it is connected, if none were activated before the first alert mode was activated. Furthermore, said control unit is configured to receive the vital signs detected by said monitoring unit and store them temporarily.

When the first alert mode is activated on the device, the control unit responsible for controlling the alert mode can also evaluate the received vital signs by comparing them with at least one configured and stored threshold value of each vital sign. In these cases it is also configured to store whether or not each vital sign received is below each of the configured threshold values.

When the first alert mode is activated on the device, the control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode can also evaluate whether the user complies with the configured vital states, comparing whether the detected values of the vital signs coincide with those of each vital condition of each vital state and whether the minimum number of vital conditions necessary to fulfill a vital state is met, and to store whether or not each vital state is met.

Furthermore, when the first alert mode is activated on the device, the control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode can activate a geolocation unit to which it is connected for a configurable period if it was not activated before the first mode was activated. alert. Said geolocation unit is configured to detect the geolocation of the device and to send information about the detected geolocation to the control unit,

In addition, the control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode is configured to receive the information sent by the geolocation unit and to store the geolocation of the device and the time information to which the control unit has requested it when the first alarm is activated. alert mode.

When the first alert mode is activated on the device, the control unit responsible for controlling the alert mode can also identify an approximate value of the energy generated by the impact received. This can be done by comparing the amplitude and width of the electrical pulse sent by the shock sensor that activated the first alert mode with the amplitude and width of the pulses stored in the device, thus selecting the stored energy value associated with the device. stored pulse with values closest to those of the pulse and the sensor that activated the first alert mode.

On the other hand, the control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode can also calculate an approximate value of the energy generated by the impact received by solving an equation that relates the energy generated by an impact received by the sensor that has activated the first alert mode based on the electrical pulse that said impact generates in said sensor. This can be done by applying to said equation the value of the electrical pulse that activated the first alert mode,

Furthermore, said control unit is configured to store the value of the calculated energy.

When the first alert mode is activated on the device, the control unit responsible for controlling the alert mode can also identify an approximate value of the speed and/or force of the impact received. This is possible by comparing the amplitude and width of the electrical pulse that activated the first alert mode with the amplitude and width of the pulses stored in the device, selecting the stored value of the speed and/or force associated with the stored pulse with values closest to those of the pulse and the sensor that activated the first alert mode.

As with energy, the control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode can calculate an approximate value of the speed and/or force generated by the impact received by solving an equation that relates the speed and/or force generated. by an impact received by the sensor that has activated the first alarm mode based on the electrical pulse that said impact generates in said sensor. This can be done by applying to said equation the value of the electrical pulse that activated the first alert mode,

Furthermore, said control unit is configured to store the value of the calculated speed and/or force.

Furthermore, the control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode, at the moment it activates the second alert mode, is configured to receive the time information from the activated geolocation unit to which it is connected. This time information received coincides with the time information at which the second alert mode has been activated, storing said information.

When the first alert mode is activated on the device, the control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode can also calculate an approximate value of the penetration speed of a projectile into the user's body, using the physical formula of the speed depending on the distance traveled by the projectile in the time in which it has traveled. In this case, the control unit obtains an approximation of the distance traveled by the projectile by identifying the value of the absolute distance between the two geometric centers of the impact sensors that have been crossed by the projectile. The other necessary variable, the time of the projectile to pass through the user, is obtained by subtracting the stored time information of the first alert mode from the stored time information of the second alert mode.

As in the calculations explained previously, said control unit is configured to store the calculated penetration speed.

When the first alert mode is activated on the device, the control unit responsible for controlling the alert mode can also identify an approximate value of the input energy of the projectile that has passed through the user from the place where it exited as follows: :

• first identifies the energy generated by the projectile upon impact on the sensor that generated the first alert mode. It does this by comparing the electrical pulse generated by the first alert mode with the electrical pulses stored in the device that have associated impact energy that generated them and related to the sensor of the first alert mode. This selects the stored pulse impact energy value closest to the first alert mode pulse value.

• Secondly identifying the energy generated by the projectile upon impact on the sensor that has generated the second alert mode. It does this by comparing the electrical pulse generated by the second alert mode with the electrical pulses stored in the device that have associated impact energy that generated them related to the sensor of the second alert mode. This allows you to select the stored pulse impact energy value closest to the second alert mode pulse value.

• With the previous values, it calculates the energy deposited in the body by the projectile when passing through the user's body, which is the difference between the energy generated by the projectile upon impact on the first impact sensor and the energy generated by the projectile upon impact. in the second impact sensor.

It also calculates the total energy of the projectile in the section in which it passes through the user, as the average value of the impact energy generated by the projectile in the two impacts against a sensor.

• Based on these last two values, identify the input energy of the projectile from the place where it came out by comparing the calculated values of energy deposited in the body by the projectile and the total energy of the projectile with the stored values, and selecting the input energy associated with the stored values of energy deposited in the body by the projectile and total energy of the projectile that are closest to the calculated values.

Said control unit is configured to store the input energy of the projectile from the exit location that it has identified.

When the first alert mode is activated on the device, the control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode can also calculate an approximate value of the entry velocity of the projectile that has passed through the user from the place where it exited, using the formula Physics of kinetic energy as a function of mass and the square of velocity. In this case, the control unit identifies an approximation of the input energy of the projectile that has passed through the user from the place where it exited as explained in the previous paragraph.

The control unit is also configured to identify an approximation of the mass of the projectile that has been fired, comparing the amplitude and width of the pulses that have generated the first and second alert modes with the stored pulses that have associated the mass of the projectiles that have generated them. The control unit thus selects the projectile mass value of the pulse stored in the device that most closely matches the pulses of the alert modes. As in previous calculations, the control unit responsible for controlling the alert mode stores the entry velocity of the projectile from the place where it exited.

When the first alert mode is activated on the device, the control unit responsible for controlling the alert mode can also identify an approximate value of the trajectory followed by the projectile that passed through the user carrying the device. This operation is carried out by comparing the values stored in the device that identify the two impact sensors that have been crossed with the stored values of the combinations of two impact sensors that, due to their spatial location in the device, can be crossed by the same projectile. . From all of them, it selects the stored values associated with the spatial orientation of the line that joins the geometric centers of the surfaces of the two impact sensors that coincide with the impact sensors that have been crossed.

When an alert mode is activated in the device, the control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode, after having carried out all the calculations for which the device has been configured among all the possible ones explained above, and that can be carried out in the type of event that generated the alarm mode, you can also:

• Activate a telecommunications unit to which it is connected, if none were activated before the first alert mode was activated, to wirelessly broadcast the information stored in the device related to the activated alert mode or modes. The information is issued structured in alert messages with a configurable payload. The number of messages issued and the information contained in each of the messages issued is configurable.

• When the telecommunications unit has finished broadcasting related to the activated alert mode or modes, it deactivates the geolocation unit that had been activated. It would also deactivate the telecommunications unit and the vital signs monitoring unit if they had been activated after the first alert mode was activated, when said.

The control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode, after a first cycle of capturing and issuing the stored parameters related to the activated alert mode or modes, can subsequently also act during a number of cycles according to one of the following two modes of action:

• Activating for a first configurable period at least one monitoring unit of the user's vital signs to which it is connected, if none were activated before the first alert mode was activated. In this way, it receives the detected vital signs of the user and stores them. Additionally, it compares these vital signs with at least one configured threshold value of each vital sign, and storing whether or not each received vital sign is below each of the threshold values. Previously stored values are replaced. Optionally, it can activate a geolocation unit to which it is connected with a configurable cycle frequency to receive the geolocation and store it, replacing the previously stored one.

Activates a telecommunications unit to which it is connected, if none were activated before the first alert mode was activated, and wirelessly broadcasts the stored information related to the activated alert mode or modes. As in the first cycle, the information is issued structured in alert messages with a configurable payload. The number of messages issued and the information contained in each message issued is also configurable.

Finally, it deactivates said units that had been activated in the current cycle.

• Activates a telecommunications unit to which it is connected, if none were activated before the first alert mode was activated, to wirelessly broadcast stored information related to the activated alert mode or modes. As in the previous mode, the information is issued structured in alert messages with a configurable payload, and the number of messages issued and the information contained in each message issued is configurable.

Finally, deactivate said telecommunications unit, if it was at the beginning of this cycle.

The number of data emission cycles, either obtaining new information from the user according to the first mode, or resending the information originally obtained, is configurable by the user wearing the device or by the device manager.

The repetition frequency of the cycles, that is, the time that elapses between two programmed cycles, is configurable. The configuration may comprise a constant frequency, or a variable frequency according to different criteria. For example, it can be configured that as a cycle becomes more distant from the first, or every few cycles from the first cycle, the frequency between cycles increases. Similarly, it could also be configured so that as the battery charge level decreases, the frequency between cycles increases. The above criteria are especially appropriate in device applications where it is not easy to recharge or replace the battery during use, and it is important that the device be operational for as long as possible. In particular, a conservative mode would be very useful in its application to report impacts and the vital signs of a soldier as a result of the impact suffered on the battlefield.

With the same objective, it can also be configured that the mode of action executed by the control unit is always the same or a sequence alternating the modes of action according to a criterion that may include a configurable alternation, the time elapsed since the first cycle, or the remaining power in the battery.

Likewise, you can configure which messages are sent in each cycle, according to the criteria mentioned above.

A portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user that carries it with all or some of the functionalities described so far, could also deactivate an activated alert mode in the device, in response to an action by the user on the device. minus one button on the device. To prevent the alarm mode from being deactivated by mistake, it is necessary for the user to follow a configurable action sequence different from a single instantaneous press to a single button on the device.

In relation to the information that the device can emit through the telecommunications unit, when only the first alert mode is activated, it may include any of the following parameters previously stored in the device: the identity of the user carrying the device, the constants vital signs detected, threshold values of vital signs not exceeded, compliance or not with a configured vital state, identity of the impact sensor that has received an impact, identity of the alert mode that has been activated, identity of the cause that has activated the first alert mode, identity of the impact sensor that has generated the electrical pulse that has activated an alert mode, value of the electrical pulse that has generated an alert mode, spatial location on the user's body of the sensor that has received the impact, identity of the type of body or projectile that has impacted the impact sensor that has activated an alert mode, whether the projectile that has impacted has crossed the sensor that has activated the first alert mode, and consequently has penetrated the user, geolocation of the user, time information of the activation of the first and second alert mode, energy of the impact received, or the impact speed and/or impact force of the body that has impacted the sensor/user, etc.

When the second alert mode has been activated on the device, the information emitted by the telecommunications unit may also comprise any of the following parameters stored in the device: approximate distance traveled by the projectile when passing through the user, approximate penetration speed of the projectile that has passed through the user, approximate trajectory of the projectile in the user's body, approximate input energy of the projectile from the place where it exited, or the approximate entry velocity of the projectile from the place where it exited.

Next, some embodiments of structures of the content of the messages that the device can emit in the event that an alert mode has been activated will be described. As has already been explained, depending on needs, a different number of messages can be sent in the first cycle, as well as the number of messages varying between cycles.

The message that may be a priority to send in the case of a conservative energy policy would be a first alert message including the identity of the user carrying the device as a basic element, to which some or all of the following parameters stored in the device would be added. : compliance or not with a configured vital state, identity of the alert mode that has been activated, identity of the cause that activated the first alert mode, geolocation of the user, or the time information of the activation of the first alert mode .

The user's identity would be the fundamental parameter to send, since it constitutes the signature of the person who is experiencing a type of alert for which the device is configured to generate a response. If not sent, it would not be possible for a remote manager of more than one device to recognize which user has experienced an alert.

Once the previous message has been sent, it may be convenient to send a second alert message, which, together with the identity of the user wearing the device, provides additional information about the user, such as: vital signs detected, threshold values of vital signs not detected. exceeded, identity of the impact sensor that generated the electrical pulse that activated the first alert mode, value of the electrical pulse that generated the first alert mode, spatial location on the user's body of the sensor that received the first impact , identity of the type of body or projectile that has impacted the impact sensor that has activated an alert mode, if the projectile that has impacted has crossed the sensor that has activated the first alert mode, and consequently has penetrated the user, impact energy received, or the impact speed and/or impact force of the body that has impacted the sensor/user.

In the event that the second alert mode is also activated, it may be convenient for a second message sent, together with the identity of the user carrying the device, to provide additional information about the user with a structure with additional parameters, such as: vital signs detected, identity of the impact sensor that generated the electrical pulse that activated the first alert mode, spatial location on the user's body of the sensor that received the first impact, identity of the type of body or projectile that impacted on the impact sensor that has activated an alert mode, energy of the impact received, impact speed and/or impact force of the body that has impacted against the sensor / user, the identity of the impact sensor that has generated the electrical pulse that has activated the second alert mode, value of the electrical pulse that has generated the second alert mode, spatial location on the user's body of the sensor that has received the second impact, energy of the impact received, impact speed and/or force of impact of the projectile when penetrating the user when passing through the sensor that has activated the first alert mode, approximate distance traveled by the projectile when passing through the user, approximate penetration speed of the projectile that has passed through the user, approximate trajectory of the projectile in the user's body, approximate input energy of the projectile from the place where it exited, approximate input velocity of the projectile.

Continuing with the objective that the portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who carries it has a low consumption with a good range, it is contemplated that in detailed embodiments of the invention with the technical characteristics described up to this moment , the telecommunication unit understands LoRa wireless network communication technology, and can broadcast the information to at least one remote gateway using the LoRaWAN communication protocol.

The use of the LoRa protocol gives the system a range of up to 20 km in open countryside and in interurban areas up to 5 km if there is a high density of intermediate obstacles such as buildings.

Furthermore, thanks to the sporadic sending of alert messages, every certain period after an alert mode has been activated, it is possible to maximize the properties of the LoRaWAN protocol in the event that many users are using the device at the same time. the invention, allowing the remote gateway to correctly receive messages issued by distant devices up to 20 km.

The device can also be used with other communications systems such as Wi-Fi, SigFox or Bluetooth, reducing the coverage radius of reception by a remote gateway of the messages issued by the device, although increasing the amount of information that can be transmitted. be transmitted successfully.

In preferred embodiments in which the portable and communicating impact detection and user status monitoring device incorporates the LoRaWAN protocol, it may also be desirable to optimize the payload of each message that is sent. To this end, it is proposed that the payload of the messages issued by the telecommunications unit does not exceed 12 bytes, a value equivalent to 96 bits.

The design of the messages with a 96-bit (12-byte) payload architecture prolongs the operational autonomy of the device, and also gives it functionality anywhere in the world, by complying with the different existing standards for the LoRaWAN protocol in the most countries.

In order to adapt the messages described above to the 96-bit payload, some preferred embodiments will be proposed below, from among the multiple combinations that can be chosen depending on the needs and the use to be given to the device.

In the case of the first alert message, a preferred embodiment would be to set the number of configured vital states to 2: a first vital state of injured and a second vital state of deceased. In this way, the parameters emitted in the first alert message and their respective payloads of this preferred embodiment would be:

• identity of the user carrying the device, with a 24-bit payload,

• the fulfillment or not of the vital state of injured and the vital state of deceased, with a total payload of 2 bits.

Each vital state would have a payload of 1 bit, which if met would be emitted with the value “1”. In this way, the vital status being injured, but the vital status of deceased not being met, the message would be sent with those two bits with the structure “1/0”. The value sent for deceased would be “1/1”. This allows the sending of a third vital status in the event that an alert has been activated, but the user's vital signs are within normal parameters, which would be "0/0", as the user does not comply with the injured or deceased condition.

• identity of the alert mode that has been activated, with a payload of 1 bit,

• identity of the cause that activated the first alert mode, with a 2-bit payload,

• geolocation of the user, with a maximum payload of 50 bits,

• Time information of the activation of the first alert mode, with a 17-bit payload.

As explained previously, the number of emissions of the first alert message is configurable, as well as its periodicity, according to a criterion that may include a temporal sequence increasing over time, or the remaining energy in the battery.

Once the previous message is sent, when it is convenient to send a second alert message that provides additional user information, when only the first alert mode is activated, a preferred embodiment of the parameters issued in the second alert message and the loads of These parameters would be:

• identity of the user carrying the device, with a 24-bit payload,

• vital signs detected, with a maximum payload of 16 bits, with a payload of 7 bits for each vital sign detected,

• vital signs threshold values not exceeded, with a 4-bit payload, • identity of the impact sensor that generated the electrical pulse that activated the first alert mode, with a 7-bit payload,

• value of the electrical pulse that generated the first alert mode, with a 14-bit payload,

• spatial location on the user's body of the sensor that has received the first impact, with a 7-bit payload,

• identity of the type of body or projectile that has hit the impact sensor that has activated an alert mode, with a 5-bit payload,

• if the projectile that has impacted has crossed the sensor that has activated the first alert mode, and consequently has penetrated the user, with a payload of 1 bit,

• energy of the impact received, with a 6-bit payload,

• impact velocity and/or impact force of the body that has impacted the sensor/user, with a payload of 6 bits each value,

The control unit in charge of controlling the alert mode and which is connected to the telecommunications unit that issues the alert messages preferably sends this second message after sending the first alert message. The number of emissions of the second alert message is configurable, as well as its frequency, according to the criteria explained above.

Once the first message is sent, when it is convenient to send a second alert message that provides additional user information, and the second alert mode is also activated, a preferred embodiment of the parameters issued in the second alert message and the loads of These parameters would be:

• identity of the user carrying the device, with a 24-bit payload,

• vital sign detected, with a 7-bit payload,

• identity of the impact sensor that generated the electrical pulse that activated the first alert mode, with a 7-bit payload,

• identity of the type of projectile that has hit the impact sensor that has activated an alert mode, with a 5-bit payload,

• impact speed or impact force of the projectile when penetrating the user when passing through the sensor that has activated the first alert mode, with a 6-bit payload,

• identity of the impact sensor that generated the electrical pulse that activated the second alert mode, with a 7-bit payload,

• approximate distance traveled by the projectile as it passes through the user, with a 7-bit payload

• approximate penetration speed of the projectile that has passed through the user, with a 6-bit payload

• approximate trajectory of the projectile on the user's body, with a maximum payload of 20 bits,

• approximate entry energy or velocity of the projectile from the place where it exited, with a 7-bit payload,

Once the first message has been sent, and the second message has been sent that only covers information related to the first alert mode, with the second alert mode also activated, when it is convenient to send a third alert message that provides additional user information related to the second alert mode, a preferred embodiment of the parameters issued in the second alert message and the loads of said parameters would be:

• identity of the user carrying the device, with a 24-bit payload,

• identity of the impact sensor that generated the electrical pulse that activated the second alert mode, with a 7-bit payload,

• value of the electrical pulse that has generated the second alert mode, with a 14-bit payload,

• spatial location on the user's body of the sensor that has received the second impact, with a 7-bit payload,

• approximate distance traveled by the projectile as it passes through the user, with a 7-bit payload

• approximate penetration speed of the projectile that has passed through the user, with a 6-bit payload

• approximate trajectory of the projectile on the user's body, with a maximum payload of 24 bits,

• approximate input energy or approximate entry velocity of the projectile from the place where it exited, with a 7-bit payload,

The control unit that is connected to the telecommunication unit that issues the alert messages would preferably issue the third alert message after sending the second alert message.

Like the previous ones, the number of broadcasts of the third alert message is configurable, as well as its frequency.

The same preferred embodiments described would admit variants with the same chosen parameters, but modifying the payload of each of them without exceeding 96 bits. Also depending on the needs and use for which the device is intended, another combination of parameters in the messages may be preferred, not exceeding 96 bits per message.

In the case of embodiments of the device comprising the functionality of monitoring the vital signs of the user regardless of whether an alert mode generated by an impact has been activated, a preferred architecture for messages in which vital signs and load are sent useful parameters would be:

• identity of the user carrying the device, with a 24-bit payload,

• vital signs of the user, with a maximum payload of 72 bits,

Each message sent by the telecommunications unit contains information on vital signs detected in the time interval from the sending of the previous message, until having received a maximum of 72 new bits of information on vital signs detected.

The different embodiments described up to this point can preferably be used with the impact detection unit or units being embedded in at least one textile garment that dresses the user.

The at least one textile garment would be designed to cover the areas of the user's body in which a potential impact is desired to be detected, depending on the purpose for which the device is intended.

In the case of impact detection on the battlefield, or in war games, it would be convenient for the impact sensors to be arranged throughout the body. For this, one embodiment could be a garment that covers the trunk and upper extremities, such as a jacket or tunic, and pants. In this case, the device could include a single telecommunications unit with a control unit embedded in one of the two garments in the waist area, facilitating the wired connectivity of the impact sensors arranged in the lower area and in the waist area. upper body when close to both. In this way impact detection can be achieved with a single control unit with reduced external wiring. The realization would also be possible with a single garment that covers the entire body. The telecommunications unit could be housed in a separate waist-adjustable item, such as a belt or fanny pack.

The aforementioned telecommunications unit with a control unit would thus be in charge of processing the emission of messages, at the same time that it would receive and process the signals emitted by the impact sensors, carrying out the analysis and pertinent calculations already described related to the impact, activating an alarm mode if the conditions configured for them are met.

In the event that it is desired to monitor vital signs, either by choice of the user during their activity or in conditions in which an alert mode has been activated, the preferred embodiment is to place this unit embedded in a functional assembly on the wrist. In this way, using LED technology in the contact area of the device on the wrist, by emitting light and receiving it reflected on the user's skin, it would be possible to detect the user's heart rate and blood saturation. An additional vital signs monitoring unit could be added to a strap attached to the rib cage that would detect the heartbeat, or the method of detecting vital signs could be limited to this chest strap. It would also be possible to incorporate two wrist vital signs monitoring units, one on each limb.

The option of incorporating two vital signs monitoring units allows increasing the autonomy of this function and, for example, allocating one of them to voluntary periodic monitoring of vital signs, reserving the second monitoring unit for cases in which a event activates an alert mode on the device. Both the wrist and chest vital signs monitoring units would preferably communicate with the telecommunications unit and with the control unit that controls the device wirelessly, for example through the Bluetooth, Zigbee or LoRa protocol.

In the event that the device has a functional assembly on the wrist, in a preferred embodiment it would also incorporate the geolocation unit, if the device incorporates it. Its location on the wrist facilitates good signal reception from the satellite network. In these cases, the data entry unit and at least one button (preferably at least two) that allow the user to interact with the device would also preferably be located in the functional assembly of the wrist. From the wrist it would be very comfortable for the user to manually activate the alert mode, for example, in a case in which they needed assistance in the event of an event other than an impact or a vital sign below the threshold, such as a fracture caused by a fall. , or by receiving a forceful blow.

The input unit would preferably connect to external devices that supply device configuration information and user data via the USB to TTL protocol. However, other implementations would be possible, such as through “Contactless” technology. This functional wrist set would need its own control unit to operate it, and a battery.

In the preferred embodiments that are being described, the device would incorporate two control units, one in the functional assembly of the wrist, and another in the telecommunications unit, preferably the control unit housed in the telecommunications unit that exercises control. function of being the control unit that controls the device. The function of controlling the device will be, along with the issuance of messages, the two with the highest consumption on the device. A location on the waist, whether for example in a fanny pack or embedded in a garment, allows a larger battery to be carried in that area than on the wrist, thus facilitating the functional autonomy of the entire device.

In relation to the programmable integrated circuit that comprises each control unit, a microcontroller is preferably chosen, but implementations with other types of integrated circuits or chips, such as an FPGA, could also be feasible. In particular, the STM32 LoRa chip is contemplated as the preferred one for a control unit housed in the telecommunications unit. At least one of the control units is contemplated to preferably also comprise an EEPROM memory to store operational information of the device.

Also part of the invention is a communicated system for detecting impacts and monitoring the status of users who carry it, which comprises:

• At least one portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the user's status as already described.

• A first software interface implementable on a computer connectable with the at least one input unit of the at least one portable device of the invention that is part of the system. The mission of this first interface is to introduce information into the at least one portable device of the invention.

• At least one remote gateway comprising at least one antenna, configured to wirelessly receive the messages issued by the at least one telecommunications unit of the at least one portable device of the invention.

The gateway is also configured to transmit said messages to at least one control center with which it can communicate by at least one network communication technology, directly or through intermediate communication devices and protocols.

• At least one control center connectable and communicable with the at least one remote gateway through at least one network communication technology, directly or through intermediate communication devices and protocols. The mission of the control center is to process the messages issued by the at least one remote gateway. A control center comprises a computer with at least one long-distance network communication technology or adaptable to external data transmission means that comprise a long-distance network communication technology not available in the computer.

• A second software interface implementable on the at least one computer of the at least one control center configured to process the messages issued by the portable devices and retransmitted by the at least one remote gateway:

The disclosed system is configured so that, through the first software interface, the at least one portable, communicated impact detection device can be configured by entering information that includes the user's identification and operating parameters.

The at least one remote gateway of the system comprises at least the wireless network communication technologies comprised in the telecommunications units of the portable impact detection communicating devices,

In addition, each gateway receives all messages issued by all portable devices within its reach.

Regarding the second software interface implemented in the control center, it is configured to process the messages issued by the portable devices of the invention, in such a way that it shows in an understandable and visual way information related to the alarm modes activated on the devices. system portables. Among other information, it may include the status of the user carrying a device, impacts recorded by the device, nature of the impact, calculations made related to the impacts, geolocation of the user, etc. The second interface would preferably monitor the status of the users belonging to the system through Internet of Things (IoT) platforms, such as Ubidots, and cloud technology. In this way, users could be monitored anywhere on the planet.

A communicating system for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user carrying it of the invention may comprise at least one remote gateway configured to be portable by a single person while performing a demanding physical activity.

For a remote gateway to be portable, in addition to the technology to receive messages emitted by devices carried by users, it requires means of long-distance data transmission through wireless network communication technologies. In a preferred embodiment, this technology would be via satellite. Furthermore, a portable remote gateway comprises a battery that supplies power to the gateway units that need it to receive the messages broadcast by the impact detection devices and to transmit them.

In the system of the invention, as a preferred embodiment, it is contemplated that the at least one remote gateway comprises LoRa network communication technology and is configured to receive information through the LoRaWAN communication protocol from the telecommunication units of the devices carried. by users.

With portable remote gateways also incorporating the LoRa protocol, the system is made much more functional in uses such as military use on the battlefield, by making it easier to have a gateway close to the operatives deployed at a distance in the that the LoRa protocol is effective.

Brief description of the figures

For a better understanding of the invention, the following figures have been included.

Figure 1: schematically represents a possible realization of a portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who carries it implemented in a user.

Figure 2: schematically represents a possible embodiment of a communicated system for detecting impacts and monitoring the status of users who carry a portable impact detection device of the invention.

Detailed description

The present invention refers, as mentioned above, to a portable and communicated device (1) for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it, and a system (2) that comprises it.

Figure 1 shows a user (7) carrying a portable device (1) that detects impacts and monitors the state of the user (7).

This is a preferred embodiment in which the device (1) carried by a user (7) is observed. The device (1) has an impact detection unit (9) that covers substantially the entire body of the user (7). Said impact detection unit (9) is embedded in two textile garments (18) that dresses the user (7). A garment (18) covers the trunk and upper extremities, being an outer garment (18) of the jacket or tunic type. The second garment (18) is pants, which covers him from the waist to the ankles.

This is a realization especially suitable for detecting impacts on the battlefield, or in war games. The device (1) includes a telecommunications unit (11) embedded in the garment (18) that covers the upper part of the user's body (7) but accessible from the outside, in the waist area on the inside, for which the telecommunications unit (11) is not visible in the figure. Its location on the waist makes it easier for the control unit (8) of the telecommunications unit (11) to perform a double function: to be the control unit (8) of the impact detection unit (9) processing the signals generated by the impact sensors (91) and manage the issuance of potential alert messages, or the monitored vital signs (71).

Locating the control unit (8) of the impact detection unit (9) at the waist allows optimal wired connectivity (92) of the impact sensors (91) arranged in the lower area and in the upper area of the body to the be close to both areas. In this way, impact detection can be achieved with a single control unit (8), the control unit (8) of the telecommunications unit (11). The location on the waist also makes it possible for the visible wiring (92) of the impact sensors (91) to their connection point to the control unit (8) to be reduced.

It can be seen that the impact detection unit (9) comprises a plurality of impact detection sensors (91). Said sensors (91) are also embedded in the textile garments (18) that dress the user (7), in an intermediate layer between the outer textile layer and the inner lining. In this way, the garment (18) provides protection to the impact detection sensors (91). With the same objective, the wired connections (92) between the impact sensors (91) and the control unit (8) would also be substantially located in an intermediate layer of the garments (18). The wired connections (92) are responsible for transmitting the pulses generated by the impact sensors (91) to the control unit (8) which is configured to receive the signals from the impact detection sensors (91) and process them.

Depending on the purpose of use of the device (1), the number of impact sensors (91) and the user surface (7) that each of them covers may vary. In those scenarios in which the aim is to calculate and obtain data on a projectile that has impacted and passed through the user (7), it is convenient to maximize the number of impact sensors (91), consequently minimizing the size of each one. they. In this way, it is possible to obtain much more precise information about the location of the impact, the trajectory of the projectile as it passes through the user, etc. In these types of configurations, the designed architecture of the messages and control units would allow the implementation of more than 100 impact sensors (91). In a less demanding scenario such as, for example, detecting whether a person has fallen on the ground and which areas of the body have received an impact, the number of sensors (91) can be reduced, simplifying the connectivity of the impact detection unit. (9), making the device (1) more comfortable to use and more economical.

In the depicted embodiment, the surface of each impact sensor (91) configured to detect impacts is substantially composed of triboelectric nanogenerators, also referred to as TENGs. In this way, it is achieved that the impact sensors (91) do not consume energy while they are in a waiting state to detect an impact, since the pulse transmitted by an impact sensor (91) to its control unit (8) when detects an impact consists of the triboelectric electricity generated in the sensor (91) due to having received the impact of a body (17) or projectile that has hit it, or because the user (7) has impacted against a body (17) hitting it. That is, the sensors (91) of the embodiment do not depend on a power source to perform their function. In this embodiment, TENGs have been chosen with a thick electronegative layer substantially composed of 8 mm thick PDMS material, and with a thin electropositive layer substantially composed of PVA material with a thickness that can range between 0.1 -0.5 mm. To achieve greater sensitivity to TENG impacts, the layers also comprise carbon nanohorns.

The device (1) represented would incorporate two control units (8), one in a functional assembly located on the wrist, and another in the telecommunications unit (11). This second control unit (8) would be the one intended to be the control unit (8) that controls the device (1). It would be in charge of processing the issuance of messages, while at the same time receiving and processing the signals emitted by the impact sensors (91), it would carry out the analysis and calculations relevant to the detection of the impacts and evaluate whether they are of sufficient magnitude. to activate an alarm mode. In relation to the programmable integrated circuit that comprises each control unit (8), in the represented embodiment an STM32 LoRa microcontroller has been chosen.

The function of controlling the device (1) along with the issuance of messages are the two with the highest consumption in the device (1). The location of the control unit (8) that performs both functions on the waist, and that it is the same control unit (8), allows the battery (14) that supplies energy to have a size that optimizes the operational autonomy of the device (1), and that is larger than the size that the battery (14) of the functional assembly located on the wrist may have, which is not visible in the figure.

The functional assembly of the wrist, not seen in Figure 1, includes the unit for monitoring the vital signs (10) of the user (7). A pulse oximeter is chosen that places LED lights on the outside of the housing of the functional assembly, in the lower area that is in contact with the wrist. By emitting light and receiving it reflected on the user's skin (7), and depending on the different skin tone, it is capable of detecting the heart rate and oxygen saturation in the user's blood (7 ).

The embodiment of the device (1) represented does not contemplate additional vital signs monitoring units (10), given that its main purpose is to inform a control center (4, 4.1, 4.2) that the user (7) of the device (1) has received an impact from a projectile that has seriously injured it and as a consequence its vital state is compromised. Therefore, it is contemplated that the monitoring unit (10) is deactivated by default until the user (7) receives a serious impact, and only from that moment on it periodically re-monitors the vital signs (71) to see if their vital status changes, and to be able to develop an evacuation strategy if this would be possible to save your life. Adding an additional monitoring unit (10) would increase the total cost of the device (1), and also constantly sending the vital signs (71) to the control center (4, 4.1, 4.2) could compromise the location of the user (7), and consequently his life. However, the functional set incorporates the possibility for the user (7) to manually activate and deactivate the vital signs monitoring unit (71) in order to check them.

The functional set of the wrist would also incorporate the geolocation unit and two buttons (13) so that the user (7) can interact with the device (1) and select different functions, such as manually activating the alert mode in one case. in which they needed assistance in the event of an event other than an impact or a vital sign below the threshold, cancel an activated alert mode, deactivate the broadcast of messages, or be able to monitor their vital signs (71). The existence of two buttons allows you to configure complex activation/deactivation sequences of device functions (1), so that they do not occur accidentally.

The functional assembly of the doll would also incorporate the data entry unit (12). This would give connectivity to the functional set with an intelligent device that has implemented the first software interface (5), through which each device (1) can be customized with the user data (7) and configured for the functionalities to which it is intended. that is going to be used in the next operations. The input unit provides connectivity with the device that implements the first software interface (5) using the USB to TTL protocol.

The control unit (8) of the functional assembly of the wrist communicates with the control unit (8) of the telecommunications unit (11) wirelessly, using the Bluetooth protocol or the LoRa protocol. Said assembly, due to its location, needs to incorporate a battery (14), but this does not compromise its size. The functional set could perform all its functions with sufficient operational autonomy, having an appearance and size approximately that of a sports watch.

In Figure 2, a possible embodiment of a communicated system (2) for detecting impacts and monitoring the status of users (7) who carry a portable impact detection device (1) of the invention can be seen schematically. Said figure shows the process of the system (2) since an alert mode has been activated on the device (1) carried by the user.

In the left part of the figure, a user (7) is represented carrying a portable and communicated device (1) for detecting impacts and monitoring its status, as represented in Figure 1 and has already been described in detail. . Said device (1) has an alert mode activated, and the telecommunications unit (11) located on the waist is issuing alert messages according to the configuration chosen for the device (1).

These alert messages are broadcast wirelessly through an antenna with LoRa technology using the LoRaWAN protocol. Said user (7) has two remote gateways (3) in its coverage radius (up to 20 km in open fields without obstacles such as buildings).

The two remote gateways (3), represented in the central part of the figure, receive said messages and are configured to relay them over the Internet to an Internet of Things (IoT) platform in the cloud (24). In this way, the information can be accessible on any device anywhere on the planet that has some type of Internet access, with access credentials to the IoT platform in the cloud (24) in which the information is available, and that has the second software interface (6) of the system (2) installed.

The figure shows two different embodiments of the remote gateway (3). The first embodiment of remote gateway (3), located at the top, is portable. This configuration expands the system's coverage radius (2) and makes it possible to successfully receive messages from deployed users in a large combat zone. The set is portable by a single person, or in a vehicle. The portability of this configuration requires that, together with the LoRa technology so that the remote gateway (3) receives the messages issued by the users' devices (1), there is an additional technology for portable telecommunications of said messages to the platform. of IoT in the cloud (24). In this embodiment, a portable satellite internet telecommunications unit (25) has been chosen. Said portable satellite telecommunications unit (25) retransmits the alert messages received by the remote gateway (3) to a satellite (26) that gives them access to the Internet. This format provides independence from other types of local mobile networks that may not be available in the deployment area or that may be more easily overridden by the enemy. A type of remote gateway (3) as described could be carried by a user who, in addition to carrying the device (1) of the invention, carried a remote gateway (3), or it could also be carried by a transport vehicle. support to deployed users. The portability of the gateway requires that it have its own power source. In the case of being transported in a vehicle, said vehicle would be the one that would feed it. In the case of a user carrying it, they would also need to carry a battery (14).

The second remote gateway embodiment (3) would be a fixed version. In this case, the gateway is connected to a control center (4). Said control center (4) comprises a computer that implements the second software interface (6). In this way, the control center (4) without depending on the Internet can locally analyze possible messages issued by the devices (1) of the users in the coverage radius of the gateway. With the control center (4) having a standard internet connection (27), the control center (4) can transmit the messages received locally to the IoT platform. In the same way, the control center (4) is capable of receiving the information hosted on the IoT platform in the cloud (24) uploaded by other remote gateways (3).

In relation to the control center (4, 4.1,4.2) of the system (2), three variants (4, 4.1,4.2) are shown in the represented embodiment. The first embodiment of the control center (4) is the one already explained, located in the lower central area of the figure, with a fixed location in which there is a standard Internet connection (27) and which includes a remote gateway (3). , performing both functions at the same time.

The other two control center embodiments (4.1,4.2) are represented in the right area of the figure. The second embodiment of the control center (4.1), located in the lower area of the figure, is a conventional control center (4.1) that can have any location on the planet. The control center (4.1) comprises an intelligent device that implements the second software interface (6) and that has a standard internet connection (27). In this way, the second control center (4.1) can download from the cloud IoT platform (24) the information of the users of the device (1) located anywhere on the planet and monitor their location and vital status.

The third embodiment of the control center (4.2) is portable, which gives it great advantages when it is necessary to monitor the status of users on the battlefield in an enemy zone, or in circumstances in which internet connections may be compromised or cancelled. The fact of incorporating a battery (14) also makes it autonomous and provides operability in the event of power failures.

Any of the elements that are part of the device (1) or the system (2) of the invention about which particular details have not been disclosed, is because said elements chosen are commonly known in the state of the art, and within the commercial standards of its kind. Consequently, any of them would be suitable for the invention, and none would contribute in a particular way to the technical effects of the invention that have been disclosed.

List of numeric references

1. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user who wears it of the invention.

2. Communicated system for detecting impacts and monitoring the vital status of users who carry it.

3. Remote gateway or Gateway.

4. Control Center.

5. First Software Interface.

6. Second Software Interface.

7. User.

8. Control Unit.

9. Impact Detection Unit.

10. User vital signs monitoring unit.

11. Telecommunications unit.

12. Data entry unit.

13. Push button.

14. Battery.

15. Electric pulse.

16. Projectile that hits the device (1).

17. Body that hits the device (1) or is hit by the device (1).

18. Textile garment that embeds at least one impact detection unit.

19. Impact Energy of a Projectile or Body upon impact on the Device (1).

20. Impact Speed of a Projectile or Body upon impact on the Device (1). 21. Impact Force of a Projectile or Body upon impact on the Device (1).

22. Input energy of a Projectile from the place where it came out that passes through the user passing through two impact sensors.

23. Entry velocity of a Projectile from the place where it exited that passes through the user passing through two impact sensors.

24. Internet of Things (IoT) platform in the cloud.

25. Portable satellite internet telecommunications unit.

26. Satellite unit for internet telecommunications via satellite.

27. Standard internet telecommunications terrestrial unit.

71. Vital signs of the user.

72. Threshold value of the user's vital signs.

73. Vital status of the User

74. Vital condition of the user.

91. Impact Sensor.

92. Wired connection of an impact sensor to its Control Unit.

151. Electrical pulse width

152. Threshold amplitude of the electrical pulse

153. Width of the electrical pulse.

154. Threshold width of the electrical pulse.

155. Threshold pulse.

Claims (51)

1. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), which includes: • at least one unit for monitoring the vital signs (10) of the user (7), configured and arranged in the user (7) to monitor the arterial pulse of the user (7) and/or the heart rate of the user (7) and/or the user's blood oxygen saturation (7), • at least one data input unit (12), • at least one button (13) for selecting available functions, • at least one telecommunications unit (11) wirelessly connectable with at least one remote gateway (3) by means of at least one communication protocol, • at least one impact detection unit (9), • at least one control unit (8) of the device (1) comprising a programmable integrated circuit connected to at least one of the previous units and configured to control the operation of each unit to which it may be connected and execute the functions that it may be connected to. have programmed and selected, • at least one battery (13) that supplies energy to the units that need it, where the at least one telecommunications unit (11) is configured to emit information related to the user (7) carrying the device (1) generated by the units of the device (1) when executing the functions for which they are configured, where every unit of the device (1) is connected to a control unit (8), where if the device (1) comprises more than one control unit (8), one of said control units is the control unit (8 ) main person in charge of the general control of the device (1), controlling the rest of the control units, and in charge of executing the functions that the device (1) has programmed and selected, characterized in that the impact detection unit (9) comprises a plurality of impact sensors (91) configured to detect impacts, where each impact sensor (91) is configured to generate an electrical pulse (15) when a body (17) impacts any point on its surface configured to detect impacts, and the amplitude (151) and width (153) of the pulse electric (15) generated is proportional to the energy of the impact (19), how much surface of the sensor (91) receives impact and the time the impact lasts, where each impact sensor (91) covers a fragment of the total surface of the user (7) carrying the device (1) in which it is desired to monitor impacts, where the impact sensors (91) are arranged so that the surfaces configured to detect impacts of each of the sensors (91) do not overlap each other, where the impact sensors (91) are spatially arranged substantially covering the surface of the user (7) who wears the device (1) in which it is desired to monitor whether an impact is received, where each impact sensor (91) has its own wired connection (92) to a control unit (8), where a control unit (8) that has connected impact sensors (91) is configured to receive and process the electrical pulses (15) transmitted by each of the impact sensors (91) connected to said control unit (8) . 2. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1) according to the previous claim, which also comprises a geolocation unit via satellite. 3. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of the previous claims, where at least one data entry unit (12) is configured to connect to an external device configured to communicate with at least one data input unit (12) of the device (1) and receive information from said external device, where each data input unit (12) is configured to send the information received from a external device to a control unit (8) that controls the device (1), where said control unit (8) is configured to store and process the information received from the data input unit (12), where the information that the control unit (8) is configured to store and process comprises operating and configuration parameters of the units of the device (1) and the operation of the device (1), where said control unit (8) is configured to configure the operation of the device units (1) and the operation of the device (1) based on said parameters, where the information that the control unit (8) is configured to store and process comprises information that identifies the user (7) who is going to wear the device (1), and at least one threshold value (72) of each of the vital signs (71) that can be monitored in the user (7) below or above which the device (1) is configured to generate a response. 4. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the information that the control unit (8) is configured to store and process may further comprise: • information on configurable vital states (73) of the user (7), where a vital state (73) comprises at least one vital condition (73), where each vital condition (73) of each vital state (73) comprises a threshold value (72) of a vital constant (71) and if to fulfill the vital condition (73) the vital constant (71) must be higher or lower than the threshold value (72), and the minimum number of vital conditions (74) that must be met so that the user (7) meets the vital state (73), • information from each impact sensor (91) that comprises the device (1) that identifies and differentiates each impact sensor (91) from the rest, • information on the spatial location of the user (7) carrying the device (1) of each impact sensor (91) that comprises the device (1), and the surface of the user (7) that it covers, • the amplitude (151) threshold (152) and the width (153) threshold (154) of the electrical pulses (15) that each impact sensor (91) must send for the device (1) to generate a response, • the amplitude (151) and the width (153) of the electrical pulse (15) that each impact sensor (91) sends when it receives the impact of a type of projectile (16) or body (17) for which the device ( 1) is configured to generate a response, where said pulse (15) is associated with the body (17) or projectile (16) that has generated it and identifies it, • the energy (19) generated by at least one certain impact of at least one certain body (17) or projectile (16) with a certain impact surface for which each impact sensor (91) is configured upon impact on said sensor. (91), • at least one equation that relates the energy (19) generated by the impact of at least one projectile (16) or body (17) for which each impact sensor (91) is configured upon impact on said sensor (91) in function of the electrical pulse (15) generated by said projectile (16) or body (17) upon impact on said impact sensor (91), • the speed (20) and impact force (21) of at least one certain body (17) or projectile (16) with at least a certain mass for which each impact sensor (91) is configured upon impact on said sensor. (91), • at least one equation that relates the impact speed (20) and/or the impact force (21) of at least one projectile (16) or body (17) for which each sensor (91) is configured. ) upon impact on said sensor (91) depending on the electrical pulse (15) generated by said projectile (16) or body (17) upon impact on each impact sensor (91), • the threshold value (152) of amplitude (151) and the threshold value (154) of width (153) of the electrical pulse (15) that each impact sensor (91) sends when a projectile (16) passes through the impact sensor (91), • the threshold (152) of amplitude (151) and the threshold (154) of width (153) of the electrical pulse (15) that each impact sensor (91) sends when a projectile (16) for which it is configured to generate a response goes through the impact sensor (91), • the possible combinations of two impact sensors (91) of the device (1) that, due to their spatial locations in the device (1), can be crossed by the same projectile (16) that passes through the user (7) who carries it, • the spatial orientation values of the lines that join the geometric centers of the surfaces of each two impact sensors (91) of the device (1) that, due to their spatial locations in the device (1), can be crossed by the same projectile ( 16) that passes through the user (7) who carries it, and the absolute value of the distance between said geometric centers, • the input energy (22) from the place where at least one projectile (16) for which the device (1) is configured came out and which passes through the user (7) passing through two impact sensors (91). 5. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the information stored in a control unit (8) that has at least one impact sensor (91) connected includes the threshold amplitude (151) (152) and the threshold width (153) (154) of the electrical pulses (15). ) that each impact sensor (91) must send for which the device (1) is configured to generate a response. 6. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the information stored in a control unit (8) that has at least one impact sensor (91) connected also comprises stored information of each impact sensor (91) to which it is connected that identifies and differentiates each impact sensor ( 91) of the rest and includes its spatial location in the user (7) who carries the device (1) and the surface of the user (7) that it covers. 7. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the information stored in a control unit (8) that has at least one impact sensor (91) connected also includes the amplitude (151) and the width (153) of the electrical pulses (15) that each impact sensor ( 91) connected can send when it receives the impact of a type of projectile (16) or body (17) for which the device (1) is configured to generate a response, and the amplitude (151) threshold (152) and the width (153) threshold (154) of the electrical pulses (15) that each sensor (91) must send for each type of projectile (16) or body (17) for the device (1) to generate said response. 8. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the information stored in a control unit (8) that has at least one impact sensor (91) connected also includes the threshold (152) amplitude (151) and the threshold (154) width (153) of the electrical pulse ( 15) that each impact sensor (91) sends when a projectile (16) for which the device (1) is configured to generate a response passes through the impact sensor (91). 9. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the information stored in a control unit (8) also includes the possible combinations of two impact sensors (91) of the device (1) that, due to their spatial locations in the device (1), can be crossed by the same projectile (16). ) that passes through the user (7) who carries it. 10. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of claims 5 to 9, where at least one control unit (8) is configured to evaluate the electrical pulse (15) generated by an impact sensor (91) to which it is connected, comparing said pulse (15) with the stored information about electrical pulses (15) , where said control unit (8) is configured to activate in the device (1) a first alert mode in response to an electrical pulse (15) received with a value equal to or greater than one of the values of electrical pulses (15). ) threshold (152, 154) stored, where said control unit (8) is configured to store the information of the electrical pulse (15) that has activated the first alert mode, and communicate it to other units of the device (1) to which it is connected. 11. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, when it depends on claim 6 to claim 9, where a control unit (8) having connected impact sensors (91) is configured to identify the impact sensor (91) that transmits an electrical pulse (15), comparing the electrical signal received by the impact sensor (91) with the information stored on the different sensors (91) connected to the control unit (8), where said control unit (8) is configured to store and communicate to other units of the device (1) to which the identity of the impact sensor (91) that has sent a pulse (15) and its spatial location on the user (7) carrying the device (1) and the user's surface are connected (7) covering. 12. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, when it depends on claim 7 to claim 9, where a control unit (8) that has connected impact sensors (91) is configured to identify the type of projectile (16) or body (17) that has impacted one of said impact sensors (91), comparing the pulse electrical pulse (15) received by the impact sensor (91) with the stored information about the amplitude (151) and width (153) of the electrical pulses (15) generated by the types of projectile (16) or body (17) for which the device (1) is configured to identify, where said control unit (8) is configured to store and communicate to other units of the device (1) to which it is connected the identity of the projectile (16) or body (17) that has impacted. 13. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 11 or claim 12, when these depend on claim 8 or claim 9, where a control unit (8) having connected impact sensors (91) is configured to identify whether the type of projectile (16) that has impacted one of said impact sensors (91) has passed through the impact sensor (91). ) and therefore has penetrated the user (7), comparing the electrical pulse (15) received by the impact sensor (91) that has activated the first alert mode with the stored information about the amplitude (151) and the width (153) of the electrical pulses (15) generated in each impact sensor (91) when the types of projectile (16) for which the device (1) is configured pass through the impact sensor (91), where said control unit (8) is configured to store and communicate to other units of the device (1) to which it is connected that a projectile (16) has passed through a sensor (91) connected to said control unit (8). 14. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, when it depends on claim 8 or claim 9, where a control unit (8) is configured to activate a second alert mode if: • the electrical pulse (15) that has activated the first alert mode equals or exceeds the value of the pulse (15) stored threshold (155) at which the projectile (16) that has impacted crosses the impact sensor (91) that has sent said pulse (15), and • if during a configurable period a control unit (8) receives from a second impact sensor (91) an electrical pulse (15) with a value equal to or greater than the value of the pulse (15) threshold (155) in which it crosses the second impact sensor (91) a projectile (16) of the type that has passed through the first impact sensor (91), and • if it identifies the two impact sensors (91) crossed as one of the combinations of impact sensors (91) that can be crossed by the same projectile (16) that passes through the user (7), comparing the combination formed by the pair of sensors (91) crossed with those stored, where said control unit (8) is configured to store the information of the second electrical pulse (15) that has activated the second alert mode and that of the sensor (91) that sent said pulse (15), and to communicate said information to other units of the device (1) to which it is connected. 15. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of the previous claims, where the impact sensors (91) do not consume energy while they are in a standby state. to detect an impact, wherein the surface of each impact sensor (91) configured to detect impacts is substantially composed of a triboelectric material, where the pulse (15) transmitted by an impact sensor (91) to its control unit (8) when it detects an impact consists of the triboelectric electricity generated in the sensor (91) for having received the impact of a body (17) or projectile (16) that has hit it, or because the user (7) has hit a body (17) hitting it, so that each impact sensor (91) does not depend on an energy source to perform its function. 16. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the surface composition of each impact sensor (91) configured to detect impacts comprises triboelectric nanogenerators, also referred to as TENGs. 17. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the electronegative layer of the triboelectric material is substantially composed of PDMS material of at least 5 mm thick, and with an electropositive layer substantially composed of PVA material of a thickness that can range between 0.1-1 mm. where the electronegative layer and the electropositive layer also comprise carbon nanohorns. 18. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of the previous claims, wherein a control unit (8) is configured to activate the device (1 ) a first alert mode in response to an action by the user (7) on at least one button (13) of the device (1), where the user (7) to activate the first alert mode needs to follow a configurable action sequence different from a single instantaneous press of a button (13) of the device (1), so that the alarm mode is not activated by mistake , where the control unit (8) is configured to store and communicate to other units of the device (1) to which it is connected that the first alert mode has been activated by action of the user (7). 19. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of the previous claims, when these depend on claim 3, where a control unit (8) is configured to activate during a first configurable period at least one unit for monitoring the vital signs (10) of the user (7) in response to a first sequence of action of the user (7) on the user (7). least one button (13) of the device (1) and deactivate it at the end of the first configurable period, where said vital signs monitoring unit (10) is configured to communicate to the control unit (8) that has activated it the vital signs (71) of the monitored user (7), where said control unit (8) is configured to deactivate the at least one activated monitoring unit after receiving the vital signs (71) during a second period of configurable activity equal to or less than the first configurable period, where after a third period of configurable inactivity and less than the first configurable period, said control unit (8) is configured to reactivate the at least one monitoring unit if the first configurable period has not expired, where said control unit (8) is configured to deactivate said unit for monitoring the vital signs (10) of the user (7) in response to a sequence of action by the user (7) on at least one button (13) of the device (1), also deactivating any active periodic monitoring process of vital signs (71). 20. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where a control unit (8) is configured to activate a telecommunications unit (11) while the vital signs monitoring unit (10) is active and communicate the information it receives from the monitoring unit to it so that it can transmit it wirelessly, where the telecommunications unit (11) emits said information structured in messages with a configurable payload, where said control unit (8) is configured to deactivate said telecommunications unit (11) that was emitting information about the vital signs (71) of the user (7) once the monitoring unit has been deactivated. 21. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein a control unit (8) is configured to evaluate vital signs. (71) received from at least one vital signs monitoring unit (10), comparing them with at least one threshold value (72) configured and stored, where said control unit (8) is configured to activate in the device (1 ) a first alert mode in response to receiving a value of at least one vital sign (71) below the at least one threshold value (72) during a fourth configurable period, where said control unit (8) is configured to store that the first alert mode has been activated because there is at least one vital sign (71) below at least one threshold value (72). 22. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 10, according to claims 11 to 16 when these depend on claim 10, according to claim 18 or according to claim 21, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the first alert mode is activated, is configured to activate for a first configurable period at least one unit for monitoring the vital signs (10) of the user (7). to which it is connected if none were activated before the first alert mode was activated, where said control unit (8) is configured to receive the vital signs (71) detected by said monitoring unit and store them temporarily. 23. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, when it depends on claim 3, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the first alert mode is activated, is configured to evaluate the vital signs (71) received by comparing them with at least one threshold value (72) configured and stored for each constant. vital sign (71) and to store whether or not each vital sign (71) received is below each of the threshold values (72) that are configured. 24. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 22 or claim 23, when these depend on claim 4, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the first alert mode is activated, is configured to evaluate whether the user (7) complies with the configured vital states (73), comparing whether the detected values of the vital signs (71) coincide with those of each vital condition (74) of each vital state (73) and if the minimum number of vital conditions (74) necessary to fulfill a vital state (73) is met, and to store if each vital state is fulfilled or not (73). 25. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of claims 22 to 24, when they depend on claim 2, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the first alert mode is activated, is configured to activate a geolocation unit to which it is connected for a configurable period if it was not activated before the first mode was activated. alert, where said geolocation unit is configured to detect the geolocation of the device (1) and to send information about the detected geolocation to the control unit (8), where said control unit (8) is configured to receive the information sent by the geolocation unit and to store the geolocation of the device (1) and the time information to which the control unit (8) has requested it when the device is activated. first alert mode. 26. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of claims 22 to 25, when they depend on claim 4, and claim 10, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the first alert mode is activated, is configured to identify an approximate value of the energy (19) generated by the impact received, comparing the amplitude (151) and the width (153) of the electrical pulse (15) sent by the impact sensor (91) that has activated the first alert mode with the amplitude (151) and width (153) of the pulses (15) stored in the device ( 1), selecting the stored value of the energy (19) associated with the pulse (15) stored with values closest to those of the pulse (15) and the sensor (91) that activated the first alert mode, where said control unit (8) is configured to store the value of the energy (19) identified, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the first alert mode is activated, is configured to calculate an approximate value of the energy (19) generated by the impact received, by solving an equation that relates the energy (19) generated by an impact received by the sensor (91) that has activated the first alert mode based on the electrical pulse (15) that generates said impact in said sensor (91), applying in said equation the value of electrical pulse (15) that has activated the first alert mode, where said control unit (8) is configured to store the value of the calculated energy (19). 27. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of claims 22 to 26, when they depend on claim and claim 10, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the first alert mode is activated, is configured to identify an approximate value of the speed (20) and/or force (21) of the impact received, comparing the amplitude (151) and the width (153) of the electrical pulse (15) that has activated the first alert mode with the amplitude (151) and the width (153) of the pulses (15) stored in the device (1), selecting the stored value of the speed (20) and/or force (21) associated with the pulse (15) stored with values closest to those of the pulse (15) and the sensor (91) that activated the first alert mode, and configured to store the value of the speed (20) and/or force (21) identified. where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the first alert mode is activated, is configured to calculate an approximate value of the speed (20) and/or force (21) generated by the impact received, by means of the resolution of an equation that relates the speed (20) and/or force (21) generated by an impact received by the sensor (91) that has activated the first alarm mode based on the electrical pulse (15) that it generates in said sensor (91) said impact, applying in said equation the value of the electrical pulse (15) that has activated the first alert mode, where said control unit (8) is configured to store the value of the calculated speed (20) and/or force (21). 28. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of claims 25, 26 or 27, when they depend on claim 25 and claim 14, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, at the instant in which it activates the second alert mode, is configured to receive time information from an activated geolocation unit to which it is connected, said information being coincident. with the time information at which the second alert mode has been activated, and where said control unit (8) is configured to store said information. 29. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, is configured to calculate an approximate value of the penetration speed of a projectile (16) into the user's body (7), using the physical formula of the speed based on the distance traveled by the projectile (16) in the time in which it has traveled, where the control unit (8) is configured to identify an approximation of the distance traveled by the projectile (16) identifying the value of the absolute distance between the two geometric centers of the impact sensors (91) that have been crossed by the projectile (16), where the control unit (8) is configured to calculate the time of the projectile (16) to cross the user (7) by subtracting the stored time information of the first alert mode from the stored time information of the second alert mode, where said unit Control panel (8) is configured to store the calculated penetration speed. 30. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of the previous claims, when these depend on claim 26, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the second alert mode is activated, is configured to identify an approximate value of the input energy (22) of the projectile (16) that has passed through the user (7 ) from the place where it left: • identifying the energy (19) generated by the projectile (16) upon impact on the sensor (91) that has generated the first alert mode, comparing the electrical pulse (15) that has generated the first alert mode with the electrical pulses (15) stored in the device (1) that have associated the impact energy (19) that generated them and related to the sensor (91) of the first alert mode, selecting the impact energy value (19) of the pulse (15) stored closest to the pulse value (15) of the first alert mode, • identifying the energy (19) generated by the projectile (16) upon impact on the sensor (91) that has generated the second alert mode, comparing the electrical pulse (15) that has generated the second alert mode with the pulses ( 15) electrical (15) stored in the device (1) that have associated the impact energy (19) that generated them and related to the sensor (91) of the second alert mode, selecting the impact energy value (19 ) of the stored pulse (15) closest to the value of the pulse (15) of the second alert mode, • calculating the energy deposited by the projectile in the user's body when passing through it, being the difference between the impact energy (19) generated by the projectile (16) upon impact on the sensor (91) of the first alert mode and the energy impact (19) generated by the projectile (16) upon impact on the sensor (91) of the second alert mode, • calculating the total energy of the projectile (16) in the section in which it passes through the user (7), being the average value of the impact energy (19) generated by the projectile (16) upon impact on the sensor (91). of the first alert mode and the impact energy (19) generated by the projectile (16) upon impact on the sensor (91) of the second alert mode, • identifying the input energy (22) of the projectile (16) from the place where it exited, comparing the calculated values of energy deposited in the body by the projectile (16) and total energy of the projectile (16) with the stored values of energy deposited in the body by the projectile (16) and the total energy of the projectile (16), and selecting the input energy (22) of the projectile from the place where it left associated with the stored values of energy deposited in the body by the projectile (16) and total energy of the projectile (16) closest to the calculated values, where said control unit (8) is configured to store the input energy (22) of the projectile (16) from the place where it exited. 31. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the second alert mode is activated, is configured to calculate an approximate value of the entry speed (23) of the projectile (16) that has crossed the user (7 ) from the place where it left, using the physical formula of kinetic energy as a function of mass and the square of velocity, wherein the control unit (8) is configured to identify an approximation of the input energy (22) of the projectile (16) that has passed through the user (7) according to the preceding claim, where the control unit (8) is configured to identify an approximation of the mass of the projectile (16) that has been fired, comparing the amplitude (151) and the width (153) of the pulses (15) that have generated the first and second alert mode with the stored pulses (15) that have associated the mass of the projectiles (16) that generated them, selecting the value of the mass of the projectile (16) of the stored pulse (15) closest to the pulses (15) alert modes, where said control unit (8) is configured to store the entry speed (23) of the projectile (16) from the place where it exited. 32. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of claims 22 to 31, when they depend on claim 4, and claim 14, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when the second alert mode is activated, is configured to identify an approximate value of the trajectory that the projectile (16) has followed that has crossed the user (7) that carries the device (1), comparing the stored values that identify the two impact sensors (91) that have been crossed with the stored values of the combinations of two impact sensors (91) that due to their spatial location on the device ( 1) can be crossed by the same projectile (16), selecting the stored values associated with the spatial orientation of the line that joins the geometric centers of the surfaces of the two impact sensors (91) that coincide with the impact sensors ( 91) that have been crossed. 33. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claims 22 to 32, when these depend on claim 10, claim 14, claim 17 or claim 20, where the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode, when an alert mode is activated, also: • activates a telecommunications unit (11) to which it is connected if none were activated before the first alert mode was activated and wirelessly transmits the information stored in the device (1) related to the activated alert mode or modes, where the information is issued structured in alert messages with a configurable payload, where the number of messages issued and the information contained in each of the messages issued is configurable, • deactivates the geolocation unit that had been activated, and the telecommunications unit (11) and the vital signs monitoring unit (10) if they had been activated after the first alert mode was activated, when said telecommunications unit (11 ) has ended the broadcast relating to the activated alert mode or modes. 34. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, where, with an alert mode active, the control unit (8) in charge of controlling the alert mode after a first cycle of capturing and issuing the stored parameters related to the activated alert mode or modes, is configured to act for a configurable number of cycles, repeated with a configurable frequency, according to one of the following two selectable and configurable modes of action: • activate for a first configurable period at least one vital signs monitoring unit (10) of the user (7) to which it is connected if none were activated before the first alert mode was activated, receive the vital signs (71 ) detected, store them and compare them with at least one configured threshold value (72) of each vital sign (71), storing whether or not each vital sign (71) received is below each of the threshold values (72), replacing previously stored values; optionally, it can activate a geolocation unit to which it is connected with a configurable cycle frequency to receive the geolocation and store it, replacing the previously stored one; activate a telecommunications unit (11) to which it is connected if none were activated before activating the first alert mode, and wirelessly emit the stored information related to the activated alert mode or modes, where the information is broadcast structured in alert messages with a configurable payload, where the number of messages issued and the information contained in each message issued is configurable; and finally deactivate said units that had been activated in the present cycle, • activate a telecommunications unit (11) to which it is connected if none was activated before activating the first alert mode, wirelessly emit stored information related to the activated alert mode or modes, where the information is broadcast structured in alert messages with a configurable payload, where the number of messages issued and the information contained in each message issued is configurable, and finally deactivate said telecommunications unit (11) if it was at the beginning of this cycle, where it can be configured that the mode of action executed by the control unit (8) is always the same or a sequence alternating the modes of action according to a criterion that may include a configurable alternation, the time elapsed since the first cycle, or the energy remaining in the battery (13), where a variable execution periodicity between cycles can be configured, according to a criterion that may include specific times from the first cycle or the remaining energy in the battery (13), where it can be configured which messages are sent in each cycle, according to a criterion that may include a specific configuration of messages every certain configurable number of cycles, or the remaining energy in the battery (13). 35. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of the previous claims, wherein a control unit (8) is configured to deactivate the device (1). ) an alert mode activated in response to an action by the user (7) on at least one button (13) of the device (1), where the user (7) to deactivate an activated alert mode needs to follow a configurable action sequence different from a single instantaneous press of a button (13) of the device (1), so that the alarm mode is not deactivated by mistake . 36. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 33 or claim 34, when these depend on claim 10, claim 14, claim 18 or claim 21, where the information emitted by the telecommunications unit (11) may comprise any of the following parameters stored in the device (1): • the identity of the user (7) carrying the device (1), • vital signs (71) detected, • threshold values (72) of vital signs (71) not exceeded, • the fulfillment or not of some configured vital state (73), • identity of the impact sensor (91) that has received an impact, • identity of the alert mode that has been activated, • identity of the cause that activated the first alert mode, • identity of the impact sensor (91) that has generated the electrical pulse (15) that has activated an alert mode, • value of the electrical pulse (15) that has generated an alert mode, • spatial location on the user's body (7) of the sensor (91) that has received the impact, • identity of the type of body (17) or projectile (16) that has impacted the impact sensor (91) that has activated an alert mode, • if the projectile (16) that has impacted has crossed the sensor (91) that has activated the first alert mode, and consequently has penetrated the user (7), • geolocation of the user (7), • Time information of the activation of the first and second alert mode, • energy of the impact (19) received, • impact speed (20) and/or impact force (21) of the body (17) that has impacted against the sensor (91) / user (7), 37. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, when it depends on claim 14, where the information emitted by the telecommunications unit (11) may also comprise any of the following parameters stored in the device (1): • approximate distance traveled by the projectile (16) when passing through the user (7), • approximate penetration speed of the projectile (16) that has passed through the user (7), • approximate trajectory of the projectile (16) in the user's body (7), • approximate input energy (22) of the projectile (16) from the place where it exited, • approximate entry velocity (23) of the projectile (16) from the place where it exited. 38. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 36, when it depends on claim 10, claim 18 or claim 21, where the telecommunications unit (11) sends a first alert message, where the information issued in the first alert message includes the identity of the user (7) who carries the device (1) and may consist of the following parameters stored in the device (1): • the fulfillment or not of some configured vital state (73), • identity of the alert mode that has been activated, • identity of the cause that activated the first alert mode, • geolocation of the user (7), • Time information about the activation of the first alert mode. 39. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, when it depends on claim 10, or claim 21, where the telecommunications unit (11) sends a second alert message, where the information issued in the second alert message includes the identity of the user (7) who carries the device (1) and may comprise the following parameters stored in the device (1): • vital signs (71) detected, • threshold values (72) of vital signs (71) not exceeded, • identity of the impact sensor (91) that generated the electrical pulse (15) that activated the first alert mode, • value of the electrical pulse (15) that generated the first alert mode, • spatial location on the user's body (7) of the sensor (91) that has received the first impact, • identity of the type of body (17) or projectile (16) that has impacted the impact sensor (91) that has activated an alert mode, • if the projectile (16) that has impacted has crossed the sensor (91) that has activated the first alert mode, and consequently has penetrated the user (7), • energy of the impact (19) received, • impact speed (20) and/or impact force (21) of the projectile (16) when penetrating the user (7) when passing through the sensor (91) that has activated the first alert mode, • identity of the impact sensor (91) that generated the electrical pulse (15) that activated the second alert mode, • Time information about the activation of the second alert mode, • value of the electrical pulse (15) that has generated the second alert mode, • spatial location on the user's body (7) of the sensor (91) that has received the second impact, • approximate distance traveled by the projectile (16) when passing through the user (7), • approximate penetration speed of the projectile (16) that has passed through the user (7), • approximate trajectory of the projectile (16) in the user's body (7), • approximate input energy (22) of the projectile (16), • approximate entry velocity (23) of the projectile (16). 40. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 38 or claim 39, when this depends on claim 14, where the telecommunications unit (11) sends a second alert message, where the information issued in the second alert message includes the identity of the user (7) carrying the device (1), and may comprise the following parameters stored in the device (1): • identity of the impact sensor (91) that generated the electrical pulse (15) that activated the second alert mode, • Time information of the activation of the second alert mode, • value of the electrical pulse (15) that has generated the second alert mode, • spatial location on the user's body (7) of the sensor (91) that has received the second impact, • approximate distance traveled by the projectile (16) when passing through the user (7), • approximate penetration speed of the projectile (16) that has passed through the user (7), • approximate trajectory of the projectile (16) in the user's body (7), • approximate input energy (22) of the projectile (16), • approximate entry velocity (23) of the projectile (16). 41. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of the previous claims, where the telecommunications unit (11) comprises LoRa wireless network communication technology. , and is configured to broadcast information to at least one remote gateway (3) through the LoRaWAN communication protocol. 42. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to any of the previous claims, when they depend on claim 20, or claims 33 to 40, where the payload of the messages issued by the telecommunications unit (11) does not exceed 96 bits. 43. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to the previous claim, when it depends on claim 38, where the device (1) has two vital states (73) configured, a vital state (73) for the injured and a vital state (73) for the deceased, where the parameters emitted in the first alert message and their respective payloads consist of: • identity of the user (7) carrying the device (1), with a 24-bit payload, • the fulfillment or not of the vital state (73) of injured and the vital state (73) of deceased, with a total payload of 2 bits, • identity of the alert mode that has been activated, with a payload of 1 bit, • identity of the cause that has activated the first alert mode, with a payload of 2 bits, • geolocation of the user (7), with a maximum payload of 50 bits, • Time information of the activation of the first alert mode, with a payload of 17 bits. 44. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 43, when it depends on claim 39, where the parameters emitted in the second alert message and their respective payloads consist of: • identity of the user (7) carrying the device (1), with a 24-bit payload, • vital signs (71) detected, with a maximum payload of 16 bits, with a payload of 7 bits for each vital sign (71) detected, • threshold values (72) of the vital signs (71) not exceeded, with a 4-bit payload, • identity of the impact sensor (91) that generated the electrical pulse (15) that activated the first alert mode, with a 7-bit payload, • value of the electrical pulse (15) that generated the first alert mode, with a 14-bit payload, • spatial location on the user's body (7) of the sensor (91) that has received the first impact, with a payload of 7 bits, • identity of the type of body (17) or projectile (16) that has impacted the impact sensor (91) that has activated an alert mode, with a 5-bit payload, • if the projectile (16) that has impacted has crossed the sensor (91) that has activated the first alert mode, and consequently has penetrated the user (7), with a payload of 1 bit, • energy of the impact (19) received, with a payload of 6 bits, • impact speed (20) and/or impact force (21) of the body (17) that has impacted against the sensor (91) / user (7), with a payload of 6 bits each value. 45. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 43, when it depends on claim 40, where the parameters emitted in the second alert message and their respective payloads consist of: • identity of the user (7) carrying the device (1), with a 24-bit payload, • vital sign (71) detected, with a 7-bit payload, • identity of the impact sensor (91) that generated the electrical pulse (15) that activated the first alert mode, with a 7-bit payload, • identity of the type of projectile (16) that has impacted the impact sensor (91) that has activated an alert mode, with a 5-bit payload, • impact speed (20) or impact force (21) of the projectile (16) when penetrating the user (7) when passing through the sensor (91) that has activated the first alert mode, with a 6-bit payload , • identity of the impact sensor (91) that generated the electrical pulse (15) that activated the second alert mode, with a 7-bit payload, • approximate distance traveled by the projectile (16) when passing through the user ( 7), with a 7-bit payload, • approximate penetration speed of the projectile (16) that has passed through the user (7), with a payload of 6 bits, • approximate trajectory of the projectile (16) in the user's body (7), with a maximum payload of 20 bits, • approximate input energy (22) or velocity (23) of the projectile (16), with a 7-bit payload. 46. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 44, when it depends on claim 40, where the parameters emitted in the third alert message and their respective payloads consist of: • identity of the user (7) carrying the device (1), with a 24-bit payload, • identity of the impact sensor (91) that has generated the electrical pulse (15) that has activated the second alert mode, with a 7-bit payload, • value of the electrical pulse (15) that has generated the second alert mode. alert, with a 14-bit payload, • spatial location on the user's body (7) of the sensor (91) that has received the second impact, with a payload of 7 bits, • approximate distance traveled by the projectile (16) when passing through the user (7), with a payload of 7 bits • approximate penetration speed of the projectile (16) that has passed through the user (7), with a payload of 6 bits, • approximate trajectory of the projectile (16) in the user's body (7), with a maximum payload of 24 bits, • approximate input energy (22) or approximate input velocity (23) of the projectile (16), with a 7-bit payload, where the control unit (8) that is connected to the telecommunications unit (11) that emits the alert messages is configured so that said telecommunications unit (11) emits the third alert message after sending the second alert message, where the number of emissions of the third alert message is configurable, as well as its periodicity, according to a criterion that may include an increasing sequence depending on the number of emission cycles of the first alert message, or the remaining energy in the battery (13 ). 47. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1), according to claim 42, when it depends on claim 20, where the parameters emitted in the messages that communicate the vital signs (71) detected by the vital signs monitoring unit (10) and their respective payloads include: • identity of the user (7) carrying the device (1), with a 24-bit payload, • vital signs (71) of the user (7), with a maximum payload of 72 bits. 48. Portable and communicated device for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) who carries it (1) according to any of the previous claims, where at least one impact detection unit (9) is arranged embedded in at least a textile garment (18) that dresses the user (7), where the at least one textile garment (18) is configured to cover areas of the user's body (7) in which a potential impact is desired to be detected. 49. System (2) for impact detection and status monitoring of users (7) who carry a portable impact detection device (1), which includes: • at least one portable and communicated device (1) for detecting impacts and monitoring the state of the user (7) according to claims 1 to 47, • a first software interface (5) implementable on a computer connectable with the at least a data input unit (12) of the at least one portable device (1) of the invention for the introduction of information into the at least one portable device (1) of the invention, • at least one remote gateway (3) comprising at least one antenna, configured to wirelessly receive the messages issued by the at least one telecommunications unit (11) of the at least one portable device (1) of the invention , and configured to transmit said messages to at least one control center (4, 4.1, 4.2) with which it can communicate by at least one network communication technology, directly or through devices (1) and intermediate communication protocols , • at least one control center (4, 4.1,4.2) connectable and communicable with the at least one remote gateway (3) through at least one network communication technology, directly or through devices (1) and protocols intermediate communication, configured to process the messages issued by the at least one remote gateway (3), and comprising a computer with at least one long-distance network communication technology or adaptable to external data transmission means that comprise a long-distance network communication technology not available on the computer, • a second software interface (6) implementable in the at least one computer of the at least one control center (4, 4.1, 4.2) configured to process the messages issued by the portable devices (1) and retransmitted by the at least one remote gateway (3), where the system (2) is configured so that through the first software interface (5) the at least one portable impact detection device (1) can be configured by entering information that includes identification user (7) and operating parameters, where the at least one remote gateway (3) of the system (2) comprises at least the wireless network communication technologies included in the telecommunications units of the portable impact detection devices (1), where each gateway (3) receives all the messages issued by all the portable devices (1) that are within its reach, where the second software interface (6) implemented in the control center (4, 4.1, 4.2) is configured to process the messages issued by the portable devices (1) of the invention, so that it shows in an understandable and visual way information related to the alarm modes activated in the portable devices (1) of the system (2), which may include the status of the user (7) who carries a device (1), impacts recorded by the device (1), nature of the impact, calculations made related to the impacts or geolocation of the user (7). 50. Impact detection and status monitoring system (2) for users (7) who carry a portable impact detection device (1), according to the previous claim, where at least one remote gateway (3) is configured to be portable by a single person while performing a demanding physical activity, where a portable remote gateway (3) comprises long-distance data transmission means using wireless network communication technologies, where a portable remote gateway (3) comprises a battery (13) that supplies power to the storage units. the gateway (3) that need it. 51. Communication system (2) for detecting impacts and monitoring the status of users (7) who carry a portable device for detecting impacts (1), according to claim 49 or claim 50, where the at least one remote gateway (3) comprises LoRa network communication technology and is configured to receive information through the LoRaWAN communication protocol.