ES2946712A1 - Linear electric generator from pendulum movement in any direction (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Linear electric generator from pendulum movement in any direction. The present invention describes a device (1) to generate electricity from pendulum movement in any direction comprising: a pendulum (2) attached to the sphere (7) of a spherical joint (6), transforming the movement of the pendulum (2) into the rotation of the sphere (7), attached to a double joint (24) that converts its rotation into the linear oscillatory movement of the output shaft (32) of the double joint (24) when guided by the central through hole (45) of the cover (42) supported by two columns (19), a plunger (35) with a magnet (53) attached to the base of its head, a spring (52), which controls the amplitude and period of the linear oscillatory movement, making it periodic, being located between the cover (42) and the plunger (35) with the output shaft (32) passing through its center to guide its deformations,a first solenoid (54) and a second solenoid (57) traversed longitudinally by the magnet (53). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Linear electric generator from pendulum movement in any direction

Technical sector

The present invention falls within the technical sector of the design and manufacture of devices that transform into electrical energy the movements caused directly by the waves or by people during their sports practices, but also indirectly by the forces of inertia due to the waves and/or or to the wind on buoys and boats through the induction of current in a circuit, through the variation with respect to time of the flow of a magnetic field that crosses the area whose border or border is said circuit, in accordance with the laws of electromagnetic induction of Faraday and Lenz.

Background of the invention

Within this technical sector that tries to transform the mechanical energy present in the movement of the waves and the wind directly into electrical energy, as well as indirectly when the previous mechanical energies are exerted on buoys and boats, there are two aspects, one of which has been developing small, low-power generators to supply power directly to the ground or to portable applications that collect and store data or transmit it to remote locations via wireless connections in an attempt to replace the batteries that have previously powered these systems autonomous, and that present the limitations of volume, recharge, cost and of generating waste until now not recyclable, such as oceanographic devices located on buoys for long periods of time to monitor various ocean conditions, such as temperature, humidity, direction and speed of currents, etc. Within these devices are patents ES 2 377 656 "DEVICE TO GENERATE ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM SMALL MOVEMENTS" with publication date 02/06/2013, US 4,492,875 "WAVE POWERED BUOY GENERATOR" with publication date patent 01/08/1985 and US 8,102,065 "VVAVE ENERGY CONVERTER" with patent date 01/24/2012.

And the other aspect of this technical sector is dedicated to the implementation of generators that supply more power, through the interconnection of generators of the first aspect, within these devices is the patent US 7,298,054 "WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS" with patent date 20 /11/2007, which proposes a specific small power generator and its interconnection.

Apart from the different sources of oscillating mechanical energy such as the movements of the waves, people during their sporting activity and the waves and/or winds applied to buoys and different boats, to differentiate all these systems that use electromagnetic induction it is necessary to study how they solve the problem of transforming these mechanical energies into the essential temporal variation over time of the flow of a magnetic field that crosses the area enclosed by a given circuit to induce electric current in it.

According to the mathematical expression of the flux 0 of a magnetic field:

where B is the magnetic field intensity vector that can vary with time, dS is the differential vector of the area, which can also vary with time, perpendicular to the area framed by the electric circuit that is traversed by the magnetic field intensity vector B, and finally cosd is the cosine of the angle 9 formed by the vectors B and ds.

From where it follows that the different ways of producing the variation with time of the intensity of the flux 0 of a magnetic field through the area bordered by a circuit are:

• Variation of the intensity of the magnetic field with time B = B(t), as for example, when a magnetic field moves with respect to a conductor as it happens when a magnet is inserted and removed inside a coil.

• Variation of the area that crosses a constant magnetic field, an example of this case is when it is possible to move with a certain speed the side of a circuit that is crossed perpendicularly by a constant magnetic field, giving rise to the variation with time of the area of the circuit traversed by the previous constant magnetic field.

• The variation with time of the angle 6 formed by the vectors /3) and .1, an example of this case is when a circuit (rotor) rotates inside a constant magnetic field (stator) formed by a series of magnets fixed, or when a series of magnets located in a certain position (rotor) rotate inside a fixed electrical circuit (stator). This is the case in which all conventional rotary generators are based when the mechanical energy sources are constant, non-oscillating, such as hydraulic, thermal, nuclear, etc.

• And finally any of the four possible combinations between these three variations.

Within the field dedicated to the development of small power generators to supply power to portable applications that collect and store data or transmit them to remote locations via wireless connections, is patent ES 2377656 "DEVICE TO GENERATE ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM SMALL MOVEMENTS", in which the induction of electrical energy is produced by the oscillatory displacement of a magnet of revolution inside a coil, causing the temporary variation of the magnetic flux 0 that crosses the area framed by said coil, and consequently a voltage at its ends that provides electric current, so this case of electric power production corresponds to the first way of producing the variation with time of the intensity of the flux 0 of a magnetic field through the area bordered by a coil. .

As the natural sources of mechanical energy that produce oscillating movements in the boats where the device of this first patent is located can come from any direction, this device does not take full advantage of the energy from these sources, since the oscillation of this mechanism is unidirectional. , that is, the magnet of revolution only oscillates when the axis of the coil is in the vertical plane of oscillation of any of these multidirectional movements, consequently the magnet during its journey through the reel, in which the solenoid winding is wound. , united in solidarity with the boat with which it moves, will be subjected, in addition to gravity, to forces of inertia of different intensity and in different directions and senses, therefore including lateral forces perpendicular to its path, which will produce, although the magnet of revolution slides through some guides, accelerations and decelerations during its trajectory.

In addition, to maximize the energy obtained in each oscillation, the length of the reel in which the solenoid winding is wound must be calculated based on the oscillation frequency. of the prevailing waves, to prevent the oscillation from changing direction before the magnet has passed from one end of the spool to the other, which will require having a certain number of these solenoids with spools of different lengths but without being able to guarantee that the magnet reaches the end of the spool before the change in direction of the oscillation due, as mentioned above, to the effect of the inertial accelerations and decelerations that it will suffer due to the unpredictable multidirectional oscillatory movements originating from the movement of the waves and/or the wind Thus, for example, as the object of this patent is to take advantage of the rocking movements of the boat where the movement of the magnet is located, it will be slowed down by the inertia forces due to the pitching and yaw movements of the boat.

Consequently, the device described in this patent has the drawbacks that it is unidirectional, that is, it only almost totally transforms the movement of the waves and/or wind that oscillates in the vertical plane that contains the longitudinal axis of its coil, that for To maximize the energy obtained in each oscillation, it is necessary to have solenoids with different lengths depending on the frequency foreseen for each possible oscillation movement of the boat where this device is located, which forces several of these devices to be placed inside the boat with different lengths, and in several directions if it is intended to take advantage of other movements of the boat apart from the roll.

Also within the field dedicated to the development of small power generators, patent US 4,492,875 "WAVE POWERED BUOY GENERATOR" describes a generator consisting of a hollow spherical buoy, anchored to the bottom through a fixed-length cable, that between the inner and outer surface of its spherical buoy it has a series of windings that run through surface circles, crossing each other at the top of said spherical buoy to form a winding connected at its lower end to a mechanism to rectify the flow of current, said buoy The hollow spherical has a spherical magnet inside, formed by 2 6 6 bar magnets facing each other 2 by 2 and consequently with 2 or 6 alternate north and south poles, being able to roll without restrictions inside the buoy due to the action of movement of the waves and/or the wind on said buoy, causing the magnetic field lines of this magnet to cross one or more windings that provide electric current to its rectifying mechanism. Therefore, this case of production of electrical energy corresponds to the combination of the first three ways of producing the variation with time of the intensity of the flux 0 of a magnetic field through the area bordered by a circuit, since spherical magnet and the windings of this device have relative but limited movement in any direction.

As the length of the cable that joins the buoy with its anchor located on the bottom is constant, according to this patent, its spherical buoy only moves from one side to the other in a horizontal plane due to the push of the waves, so it can be considered that the buoy will only be able to make rectilinear movements around its anchor, taking advantage of only the horizontal thrust of the wind and/or waves during its passage through the buoy, consequently this device has the drawback that it practically only takes advantage of the horizontal thrust in any direction both the waves and the wind, being the vertical thrust counteracted by the cable that joins the buoy with its anchor.

In addition, this device also has the drawback that, since the spherical magnet is much smaller than the buoy when rolling in any direction and direction at the bottom of the buoy without any type of control, in the event that the spherical magnet has only 2 poles when it is made up of a single magnet or 2 bar magnets with their poles facing each other, it is possible that the flux of its magnetic field through a winding of its buoy is zero when the vectors B and g are perpendicular. And finally, since the spherical magnet is very far from the center of the buoy surface windings, its magnetic field lines cannot be guaranteed to pass through the entire circular area of the windings, leading to poor performance.

In conclusion, this device has the drawbacks that it only transforms the horizontal thrust of the wind and mainly of the waves during its passage through the buoy and that due to its design it has low performance as it takes little advantage of the multidirectional oscillating movement of its spherical magnet to the production of electrical energy.

Also within the aspect dedicated to the development of small power generators, patent US 8,102,065 "WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER" describes a generator that consists of a casing that is supposed to be attached to the interior of a buoy or boat, impervious to humidity. and contaminants, which transmits to a pendulum with a magnet at its end the forces of inertia due to the thrust of the wind and the waves applied to the buoy or vessel, causing it to oscillate around an axis of the roof of said casing, oscillating the magnet adjacent to a set of coils, varying the flow of its magnetic field through their area and consequently originating a voltage at its ends that provides electric current, so this case of electric power production also corresponds to the first way of producing the variation with time of the intensity of the flux 0 of a magnetic field through the area bordered by the coils.

The set of coils of this device belongs to a variable inductance system, this system can selectively increase or decrease the number of coils that are active at each moment to generate more or less electricity by electromagnetic induction.

As is known from the study of the dynamics of mechanical systems, a system acting under the influence of a time-varying force will experience resonance when the frequency of the time-varying force is equal to the natural frequency of the system itself.

According to this patent, the natural frequency of a pendulum is strictly based on the distance between the center of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation, regardless of its mass, so this device has a controller for adjusting the distance between the center of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation that will adjust by means of a motor the natural frequency of the pendulum to the frequency of the incident waves that oscillates in the plane of the pendulum, since it can only rotate in a plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation, to reach the resonance condition, which is the maximum transfer of energy between the variable force in time and the pendulum. Therefore, the device described in this patent has a movement sensor placed in the casing that detects the frequency of the incident wave and a position sensor to determine the position of the center of gravity of the pendulum, communicating its readings to the adjustment controller of the pendulum. distance between the center of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation in order to achieve the coincidence of the excitation frequency of the incident wave and the natural frequency of the pendulum so that it enters into resonance.

In addition, since, according to this patent, the speed of transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy can be varied by controlling the amplitude of the movement of the pendulum along its trajectory, this patent controls the amplitude with a brake disc and caliper that acts on the axis of rotation of the pendulum, for which this mechanism has a rotation sensor connected to the pendulum to communicate its reading to the controller of its oscillation amplitude. This control of the range of motion of the pendulum allows this device to be designed to operate over a defined range of motion which is useful in determining the overall dimensions of the pendulum and the device.

From all of the above it can be deduced that at least one connected external battery is necessary to feed the variable inductance system, the sensors, the controllers and the means for adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the pendulum oscillation. This battery through a charger in the device of this patent will be connected to a solar panel.

Bearing in mind that resonance is a self-powered phenomenon that must be controlled in order not to cause irreparable damage to the device, that the oscillation amplitude of the pendulum must also be controlled as a function of its frequency to prevent the oscillation from changing direction before the magnet has passed through all the coils and that the rate of change of the natural frequency of the pendulum must quickly adapt to changes in the excitation frequency of the system, it follows that this device presents some reliability problems.

In conclusion, this device has the drawbacks that it is also unidirectional, that is, it only transforms into its motion the waves that are in the same plane as the plane of the pendulum, which implements rather complex components that require external power, increasing the problems of maintaining and decreasing the reliability of this device, and that, as in the previous patent, it has low performance since the movement of the magnet at the end of the pendulum is adjacent to a set of coils, which does not guarantee that the lines of its magnetic field crosses the entire circular area of the coil turns, which is only guaranteed when the magnet moves longitudinally inside the coil area.

Within the other aspect of this technical sector that is dedicated to the development of higher power generators, through the interconnection of smaller generators, patent US 7,298,054 "WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS", to achieve the variation with time of the intensity of the magnetic field flow through the area framed by a coil this patent also applies the first way of producing this variation through the oscillatory displacement of a magnet, in this case outside a coil, caused by the oscillating vertical mechanical energy of the waves, and consequently producing an induced voltage at the ends of the solenoid winding.

In this case, the system has a base mechanism that consists of a hollow tube with its lower end fixed to the bottom or to a submerged platform, which has two spaced outer rings that act as displacement stops and a solenoid inside with a length approximately equal to the distance between the previous two stops, this base mechanism through its outer cylindrical surface guides the vertical movement of a hollow magnetic cylinder joined by its upper base to a cylindrical float with a central hole also traversed by the base mechanism when the waves act on it , the movement of these two elements being limited by the upper and lower stops of the base mechanism, stopping the movement of the magnetic cylinder.

This assembly formed by the float and the hollow magnetic cylinder oscillates vertically along the hollow tube of the base mechanism that has the solenoid inside, an oscillation that is a consequence of the action of the ascending and descending movement of the waves on the floating collar that drags the hollow magnetic cylinder, producing the variation with time of the intensity of the magnetic 0 flux through the central area of the coil, consequently appearing an induced voltage at its ends, so this case of production of electrical energy also corresponds to the first way to produce the variation with time of the intensity of the flux 0 of a magnetic field through the area bordered by a coil.

Lastly, several of these base mechanisms can be electrically connected and secured to a submerged platform, allowing movement in shallow water. vertical of this platform produced by floats at its four ends, and guided through some columns anchored to the ground, and in even shallower waters this platform is tied with a chain to an anchor to prevent it from moving beyond the reach of the chain, also having perimeter floats only to guarantee, in this case, the verticality of the base mechanisms.

Therefore, the device of this patent only takes advantage of the vertical oscillating movement of the waves, but in this case, coming from any direction, although the floating collar and the magnet during their journey through the tube of the base mechanism will be subjected, due to the horizontal movements of the waves, to horizontal forces that will slow down their vertical movement, and that must also be counteracted by the structure of this device.

Here too, if you want to maximize the energy obtained in each oscillation, the length of the tube of the base mechanism between the stops should be designed based on the oscillation frequency expected for the passage of the waves, to ensure that the magnet has traveled from one end to the other. outside the base mechanism tube before the wave has passed, which will force having a certain number of these devices with different lengths of the base mechanism tube but without being able to guarantee that the magnet has reached its outer end before the wave having passed due to the transversal forces that act on the mobile elements of this device, slowing down its displacement.

And finally, the parts of this mechanism that convert wave energy into electrical energy are directly exposed to the marine environment, and consequently to corrosion and deterioration, therefore there is a need to protect these parts or that they are made of materials resistant to the marine environment, which will make their implementation and maintenance more expensive.

In conclusion, this device presents the drawbacks of only being able to transform the vertical movement of the waves into electrical energy, of having, in order to maximize energy production, to design and manufacture base mechanism tubes of different lengths, and finally of having to be made of materials, even magnetic, protected or resistant to marine corrosion.

From the background to the invention analyzed in this section, it can be deduced that the two main drawbacks of all the devices in these patents are:

• They exclusively transform the undulating vertical movement of the waves into electrical energy during their displacement, both regardless of the direction from which they come, patent US 7,298,054 "WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS", and when their origin has to be in only one direction, patents ES 2377656 "DEVICE TO GENERATE ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM SMALL MOVEMENTS" and US 8,102,065 "WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER", or the horizontal movement of the displacement of waves regardless of the direction from which they come, patent "US 4,492,875 "WAVE POWERED BUOY GENERATOR" . In other words, none of the generators in these patents jointly uses the energy contained in the vertical and horizontal movement of the waves during their displacement, and in some cases, in order to capture energy, this movement of the waves must come from a single certain direction. .

• In order to maximize energy production, it is necessary to design tubes with different lengths, as in patents ES 2 377 656 "DEVICE TO GENERATE ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM SMALL MOVEMENTS" and US 7,298,054 "WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEMS", or control amplitudes and frequencies of oscillation of pendulums, as in US patent 8,102,065 "WAVE ENERGY CONVERTER", making the price of all these devices more expensive.

Explanation of the invention

The device of the invention is a linear, non-rotating electric generator, based on a pendulum movement in any direction that totally solves the two drawbacks previously detected in the study of the "Background of the Invention", the first drawback is solved, in one first embodiment of the invention, transforming the energy contained in the joint horizontal and vertical movement of the waves during their displacement into electrical energy, regardless of the direction and sense of their origin, by converting the displacement produced by the movement of the waves into the pendulum of the invention, when interposed in its path, in the simple harmonic linear movement of the assembly formed by the output shaft of a double joint with a plunger or piston installed in its mobile free end, a spring, traversed by the previous shaft , and a magnet, which can be a single cylindrical magnet or a column of disc magnets but of the same height, attached to the base of the head of said plunger, so that this magnet oscillates longitudinally inside the pair of coils connected in series, and consequently this periodic displacement causes the variation with respect to time of the intensity of the flux 0 of the magnetic field of the magnet through the circular area enclosed by the coils, giving rise to the appearance of an induced current in the winding of said solenoids in accordance with the laws of electromagnetic induction of Faraday and Lenz, so this case of production of electrical energy also corresponds to the first way of producing the variation with time of the intensity of the flux 0 of a magnetic field at through the area bordered by a circuit.

In another embodiment of the present invention, as an apparatus for playing sports, the energy developed by people during their sports practice is also transformed into electrical energy.

And another embodiment of the present invention indirectly transforms into electrical energy the forces of inertia that originate the oscillation movements due to the push of the waves and/or the wind, also independently of the direction and sense of their origin, on the buoy or vessel where this embodiment of the invention is located without contact with the water.

Once the specific oscillation amplitude and period of the medium from which each of these embodiments intends to obtain energy has been determined, the second problem of maximizing energy production is solved by adapting the two previous parameters to the new characteristics of the medium by means of only the replacement of the spring of the present invention.

To capture energy, the device of the invention has a pendulum in which interchangeable energy collectors of different shapes and dimensions are installed at its free end depending on the medium from which this energy is to be obtained, being able to obtain energy, as mentioned previously, both directly due to the movement caused by the pendulum submerged in the water when intervening with the sequential passage of the waves, using, for example, a cruciform sensor, and by the movement caused voluntarily in the pendulum by people during their sports practice, being the collector, for example, in this case handles to introduce the hands or feet, as well as indirectly taking advantage of the inertial forces that cause the oscillation movements due to the thrust of the waves and/or the wind on the buoy or vessel where it is located another embodiment of the present invention, in which case the sensor can be a sphere.

The other fixed end of this pendulum is attached to the lower part of the surface of a sphere that can rotate inside the spherical hole without caps made in the casing of a spherical joint for this purpose, this casing having two parts to be able to introduce the sphere inside and avoid its radial displacements, being, therefore, this spherical joint, constituted by its sphere and casing, the conversion mechanism of the lateral displacement movement in any direction of the pendulum, caused both by the forces directly or indirectly applied to it, in the rotation of the previous sphere around any axis that passes through its center.

From another point on the surface of the sphere diametrically opposite to that of its union with the pendulum, the input axis of a double joint comes out whose output axis crosses the central through hole of a cover, formed by a platform and a central cylinder, this cover being supported by two flanged columns attached to the upper face of the spherical ball joint casing, the rotation of this sphere being transmitted by the double articulation to its output axis as a linear oscillating movement perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the platform of the cover of the present invention, being guided, initially, only by a self-lubricating or synthetic bearing installed in the central through hole of said cover, this movement being initially limited by the shock or impact of the axis of the pendulum with some point on the edge of the circular opening on the underside of the casing that allows a part of the sphere to exit for its union with the fixed end of the pendulum axis, therefore, initially, the maximum amplitude of this Oscillating linear movement is equal to the radius of the sphere, a situation in which the pendulum is perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the casing of the spherical joint or of the cover platform, since these planes are always parallel, minus the previous radius. multiplied by the sine of the angle complementary to that of the acute angle formed by the normal vector to the plane of the faces of the casing or of the roof platform with the radius of the location of the point of union of the surface of the sphere with the axis of entry of the double joint when the lateral displacement of the pendulum is maximum. situation that occurs when the pendulum axis comes into contact with some point on the edge of the circular opening on the underside of the casing that allows a part of the sphere to come out for its union or connection with the fixed end of the pendulum axis.

Now, in order to transform the previous oscillating linear movement into a periodic oscillating linear movement whose amplitude and period of oscillation can be controlled without the need to vary the geometric dimensions of the device of the invention, it is necessary to add to this invention a spring that has its lower end as stop a step of the central through hole of the cover, being the stop of its upper end the inner cylindrical hole of the skirt of the piston installed in the free end of the mobile output shaft of the double joint, shaft that is located in inside the spring in order to center and guide its deformations. Thus, once the pendulum is at its maximum lateral displacement in any direction and the external forces directly or indirectly applied to it have ceased or decreased, in the case in which the energy is obtained from the periodic passage of the waves, the spring is calculated to be able to bring the pendulum to its initial position in a time interval less than or equal to the passage of the next wave coming from any direction, and in the event that the energy is obtained from the inertial forces that originate the oscillation movements due to the push of the waves and/or the wind on the buoy or vessel where it is located without contact with the water, another embodiment of the present invention, the spring is calculated to be able to carry the pendulum from a point of maximum displacement to the opposite point also of maximum displacement in a time interval less than or equal to the change in direction of the inertial forces due to the change in direction of oscillation of the buoy or vessel.

Therefore, the connection or union of the sphere of the spherical joint with the double joint, and the guiding, initially, only of the self-lubricated or synthetic bearing transform the rotation of the sphere caused by the displacement of the pendulum, in the oscillatory movement output shaft, its plunger and magnet, which can be a single cylindrical magnet or a column of disc magnets but of the same height, attached to the base of the head of said plunger, this movement being perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the platform of the cover or of the casing of the present invention, and by adding the spring through its guided deformations, by the output axis of the double articulation, it transforms the previous oscillatory movement into a simple harmonic movement with respect to the initial point or stable equilibrium of the pendulum, which occurs when its axis is perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the casing of the spherical joint or of the platform of the cover of the present invention, a situation in which the spring is fully extended with its maximum elongation.

Consequently, now this simple harmonic motion has an oscillation amplitude equal to the radius of the sphere, a situation in which the spring is fully extended with its maximum elongation and the pendulum is perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the spherical joint casing, minus this radius multiplied by the sine of the angle complementary to that of the acute angle formed by the normal vector to the plane of the faces of the casing or of the deck platform with the radius of the location of the point of union of the surface of the sphere with the input axis of the double articulation, a situation in which the spring is fully contracted and that corresponds to the maximum lateral displacement of the pendulum, a value calculated among other requirements to avoid in this way possible impacts of the pendulum axis with any point on the edge of the circular opening of the lower face of the casing that allows the exit of a part of the sphere for its union with the fixed end of the pendulum axis. And in addition to controlling the oscillation amplitude of this periodic movement by means of the physical characteristics of this spring, also now, its period is controlled as it is inversely proportional to the elastic constant of the spring.

For the production of electrical energy, the present invention comprises two solenoids connected in series mounted one above the other and a magnet, which can be a single cylindrical magnet or a column of disc magnets but of the same height, the height of these three being elements equal to the amplitude of the periodic movement of the device of the invention, so that the assembly formed by the output shaft of the double articulation, by the plunger installed in its mobile free end, by the spring and by the magnet attached to the base of the plunger head oscillates longitudinally inside the two solenoids.

If convenient, the first solenoid can be formed by a spool of synthetic plastic material with a suitable circular area to guide without friction the longitudinal periodic oscillation of the plunger of the free end of the output shaft of the double joint, as with the same Finally, the hole in the central through hole of the cover of the invention where the plunger enters and exits during its oscillating movement may have another self-lubricating or synthetic bearing from its step to its exit.

This first solenoid, as previously mentioned, has a height equal to the amplitude of the periodic movement of the device of the invention, its lower base being attached to the upper face of the central cylinder of the cover, and its upper base attached to the base. bottom of the second solenoid by being located above this first solenoid.

Depending on the difference in area between the head of the piston and the magnet, although it is intended that the circular area of the magnet be as close as possible to that of the base of the head of the piston where it is attached, since the voltage is inversely induced Proportion to the area of the solenoid that passes through a magnet, the second solenoid has an area normally smaller than that of the first solenoid, since the magnet oscillates longitudinally inside it only with the proper play, and the spool of this second solenoid can be made of normal plastic of solenoid spool, not synthetic, but with the same height or length as that of the first solenoid.

According to the device of the invention, when the magnet is in its highest position inside the second solenoid and consequently the pendulum is in its initial position of equilibrium perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the casing of the ball joint or of the cover platform, when the pendulum moves from this initial position in any direction due to the forces directly or indirectly applied to it, this movement causes the corresponding rotation of the sphere of the spherical joint around any axis that passes its center, giving rise to the descent of the input axis of the double joint along any meridian of the surface of the sphere, consequently causing the descent, towards the north pole of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the deck platform, of the output shaft of the double articulation that carries the plunger or piston with the magnet attached to the base of its head, compressing the plunger to the spring by being supported or attached inside the cylindrical hole of its skirt, so that this set of elements passes during its descent through the central circular hole of the lower base of the second solenoid and enters through the central circular hole of the upper base of the first solenoid until the spring reaches its maximum contraction on the step of the hole of the plunger of the hole through the cover, a situation in which the previous set has decreased the amplitude of the periodic linear movement of the device of the invention, the magnet is completely inserted inside the first solenoid and the pendulum has reached its maximum allowed displacement at any time. direction from its initial position but without colliding or impacting its axis with any point on the edge of the circular opening on the underside of the casing that allows the exit of a part of the sphere for its union with the fixed end of the pendulum axis.

Subsequently, when the forces applied to the pendulum are less than the restorative force of the spring, before the next wave passes or the change of direction of the oscillation of the buoy or vessel in which the invention is located without contact with the water occurs, The spring, with its lower end resting on the step of the plunger hole in the central through-hole of the cover, begins to extend, taking with it the plunger in its displacement as its upper end rests on or is attached to its skirt, to the output shaft. of the double articulation and to the magnet attached to the head of the plunger, so that the output shaft through the double articulation pulls up its input shaft, causing the sphere to rotate, so that the magnet ascends passing through the central circular hole of the upper base of the first solenoid and entering through the central circular hole of the lower base of the second solenoid until the spring has reached its maximum elongation, and the piston with the magnet, the output shaft, the shaft The input and consequently the double articulation have increased the length of the amplitude of the periodic linear movement of the present invention, a situation in which the pendulum, the input and output axis, and therefore the double articulation are aligned perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the deck platform, thus being the pendulum in its initial or equilibrium position, and the magnet completely inserted inside the second solenoid, repeating this entire cycle when the next wave arrives or when the direction of movement changes. oscillation of the buoy or boat where the device of the present invention is located without contact with the water.

From this follows the need to always have two coils or solenoids regardless of the cross-sectional area of their reels, since in the event that the area of the plunger and the magnet attached to its base are approximately equal, only one reel with a height or length equal to twice the amplitude of the periodic linear movement of the device of the invention but with two windings connected in series, so that the magnet completely travels through each of these two windings, so that when the spring is fully compressed the length of the magnet, which may be a single cylindrical magnet or a column of disc magnets, extends from the bottom end to the end of the first winding a distance corresponding to half of this single spool, and when the spring is fully extended the length of the magnet it extends from the lower end to the end of the second winding, the distance that corresponds to the second half of this single reel, consequently, since two windings are connected in series but sharing the same reel, the magnet attached to the base of the plunger head runs through each of them in its entirety, taking advantage of the totality of the energy that is obtained when a magnet travels from one side to the other inside the entire length of a coil, which would not happen if there was only a single winding along the length of the coil. all this double reel.

Since the external oscillating forces applied to the pendulum of the device of the invention have a certain period, that is to say, they reset or return to reach their maximum or minimum values every time interval equal to their period, and therefore they go from a minimum value to a maximum value or vice versa every half period, so that in the event that the energy is obtained from the periodic passage of the waves, while the external forces increase in half a period from their zero or minimum value to their maximum value, the spring The present invention is compressed in such a way that the pendulum passes from its initial equilibrium position to its position of maximum displacement, and during the following half period, while the external forces decrease until they reach their minimum or zero values, the spring extends to its maximum elongation to return the pendulum to its initial position before the arrival of the next wave coming from any direction, consequently, at most every half period, the magnet descends from the second upper solenoid to the first lower solenoid when the spring is fully contracted and for also at most the next half period the magnet rises from the first lower solenoid to the second upper solenoid when the dock is fully extended, and in the event that the energy is obtained from the inertia forces that originate in the oscillation movements due to the thrust of the waves and/or the wind on the buoy or vessel where another embodiment of the present invention is located without contact with the water, initially while the inertia forces have a certain direction the spring is compressed so that the pendulum passes from its initial equilibrium position to a position of maximum displacement in a certain direction and direction, and subsequently every half period in which the inertia forces have the same direction, the spring passes from its maximum contraction with the pendulum in the previous position of maximum displacement in a certain direction and sense to another maximum contraction but being now the pendulum in a position of maximum slip but in the opposite direction to the previous one, the spring passing through its maximum elongation in which the pendulum passes through its initial equilibrium position, from which it follows that every half period the magnet ascends from the first lower solenoid to the second upper solenoid as the spring extends, then down from the second upper solenoid to the first lower solenoid as the spring contracts again, and over the next half period as the direction of inertia forces changes this cycle is repeated but in the opposite direction, and it may occur, in this case in which the displacement of the pendulum is due to the action of the forces of inertia, that from the results of the calculations it may be obtained that the elastic constant of the spring is approximately zero, that is, it is not necessary to implement any spring.

Summarizing, in the case in which the energy is obtained from the periodic passage of the waves, from the moment one wave passes until the next one passes, the magnet passes from the second to the first solenoid and returns to the second solenoid, and in the case that the energy is obtained from the forces of inertia that originate from the oscillation movements due to the thrust of the waves and/or the wind on the buoy or vessel where another embodiment of the present invention is located without contact with the water, whether or not there is a dock each time there is a change of direction of the inertia forces, every half period, the magnet passes from the first to the second solenoid and returns to the first solenoid.

From all of the above, it can be deduced that depending on the amount of maximum energy that can be produced and the medium from which it is intended to be obtained, the amplitude and frequency of oscillation of periodic movement of the medium will be determined, parameters that allow calculations to be made. of the physical characteristics of the spring of the invention, and also determine the dimensions of the rest of the components of any of the embodiments of the present invention, so that in order to achieve the second objective of maximizing energy production, it is only necessary to change the spring of the device of the present invention, by means of the disassembly and subsequent assembly of the plunger of the output shaft of the double joint, to adapt its parameters to the new characteristics of the medium from which the energy is being obtained, without having to manufacture tubes of different lengths, nor control systems of the amplitude and frequency of pendulums that require sensors, actuators and controllers that require external power.

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, what has been represented has been following:

Figures 1A and 1B.- Figure 1A shows the pendulum (2) in perspective with its two components, shaft or hollow tube (3) and interchangeable energy collector (5), disassembled and Figure 1B also shows the two components in perspective of the pendulum (2) mounted, both figures showing two different types of interchangeable energy collectors (5), one cruciform and the other spherical.

Figure 2.- Shows the exploded perspective view of the spherical ball joint (6) where the two components it comprises are observed, the sphere (7) and the casing (10), with its two parts, the lower casing (12) and the top (13), which form the spherical hole without caps (11).

Figures 3A and 3B.- Show in perspective the connection between the pendulum (2) and the ball joint (6), in Figure 3A you can see the perspective view of the pendulum (1) attached to the ball (7) of the ball joint spherical (6), and Figure 3B also shows the perspective view of the assembly formed by the union of the pendulum (1) with the spherical ball joint (6).

Figure 4.- Shows the perspective view of the columns (19) and their flanges (20) that support the cover (42), together with Details A and B of the flange (20).

Figure 5A.- Shows the exploded perspective view of the input shaft (25), the two articulations (26) and (27) and their joint axis (31) of the double articulation (24).

Figure 5B.- Shows the perspective and exploded view of the second articulation (27) and the output shaft (32) of the double articulation (24), with the plunger or piston (35), and the connecting elements between the free end of the output shaft (32) and the plunger (35), Figure 5C.- Shows the view of Detail A of Figure 5B together with a Section B-B of the elevation of the plunger (35), observing in Detail A the two grooves (40) of the bolt (39) for the installation of external circlips or external security rings (41) for shafts.

Figure 5D.- It shows in perspective both the double articulation (24) with all its elements with the plunger (35) installed in the free end of its output shaft (32) together with Detail A of how the connection is made between these last two elements (32) (35).

Figure 6A.- Shows the perspective and plan view of the cover (42).

Figure 6B.- Shows the plan view, a section and a detail view of the cover (42), where in the view of Section A-A and Detail B the distribution and the two steps of its central cylindrical through hole are observed (45) together with the self-lubricating or synthetic bearing (49).

Figure 7A.- Shows in perspective the arrangement of the device of the invention when the pendulum (2) is in its initial or equilibrium position perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the casing (10) or of the cover (42), where they are observed the first (54) and second solenoid (57) and the electrical box (61).

Figure 7B.- Shows the plan view and its Section A-A of the device of the invention in the arrangement of Figure 7A when the pendulum (2) is in its initial or equilibrium position, observing that the spring (52) is fully extended and that the magnet (53), which can be a single cylindrical magnet or a column of disc magnets but of the same height, is completely inside the second solenoid (57).

Figure 7C.- Shows the views of Details B and C of Figure 7B.

Figure 8A.- Shows in perspective the arrangement of the device of the invention when the pendulum (2) is in its furthest position from its initial position or maximum displacement, where the first (54) and second solenoids (57) and the electrical box (61).

Figure 8B.- Shows the side view of the device of the invention in the arrangement of Figure 8A when the pendulum (2) is in its position of maximum displacement. Figure 8C.- Shows the plan view and its Section A-A of the device of the invention in the arrangement of Figures 8A and 8B when the pendulum (2) is in its maximum displacement position, observing that the spring (52) is fully contracted and that the magnet (53) is fully inside the first solenoid (54).

Figure 8D.- Shows the view of Detail B.

Figure 9.- Shows in perspective the arrangement of the device of the invention when the pendulum (2) is in an intermediate position between its initial or equilibrium position and its position of maximum displacement.

A list of the different elements represented in the figures that make up the invention is provided below:

• 2 = Pendulum.

• 3 = Shaft or hollow tube of the pendulum (2).

• 4 = Upper or fixed end of the shaft or hollow tube (2) of the pendulum (1).

• 5 = Interchangeable energy sensor shaft or hollow tube (3) of the pendulum (2).

• 6 = Ball joint.

• 7 = Sphere of the ball joint (6).

• 8 = Base of the sphere (7) of the spherical joint (6).

• 9 = Orifice of the sphere (7) diametrically opposite to its base (8).

• 10 = Housing of the spherical joint (6).

•11 = Spherical hole without caps of the casing (10) to house the ball (7) of the spherical joint (6).

• 12 = Lower casing of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6).

• 13 = Upper casing of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6).

• 14 = Guide axes of the upper face of the lower casing (12) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6).

• 15 = Through holes of the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6). • 16 = Peripheral separation or extraction holes on the underside of the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6).

• 17 = Lateral guide shafts on the upper face of the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6).

• 18 = Threaded holes around the lateral guide axes (17) of the upper face of the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6).

• 19 = Columns with flanges (20) at their base that support the roof (42)

• 20 = Flanges at the lower end of the columns (19).

• 21 = Circular centering and coupling recesses in the center of the bases of the flanges (20) of the columns (19).

• 22 = Through holes in the flanges (20) around their columns (19).

• 23 = Cap screws with conical or spherical seats.

• 24 = Double articulation.

• 25 = Input shaft to the first articulation (26) of the double articulation (24).

• 26 = First articulation of the double articulation (24).

• 27 = Second articulation of the double articulation (24).

• 28 = Inner fork of any of the two joints (26) and (27).

• 29 = External fork of any of the two joints (26) and (27).

• 30 = Articulation bolt between the inner (28) and outer (29) fork of the two articulations (26) and (27) of the double articulation (24).

• 31 = Central joint axis between the Inner forks (28) of the first (26) and second (27) articulation of the double articulation (24).

• 32 = Output shaft of the second articulation (27) of the double articulation (24).

• 33 = Through hole in the free end of the output shaft (32) of the second articulation (27) of the double articulation (24).

• 34 = Union bolts between the forks (28) and (29) of the two articulations (26) and (27) with the axes (25), (31) and (32) of the double articulation (24).

• 35 = Plunger or piston.

• 36 = Cylindrical hole of the piston skirt (35).

• 37 = Cylindrical hole of the plunger head (35).

• 38 = Through hole through cylindrical hole (37) of the plunger head (35).

• 39 = Union bolt between the piston (35) with the free end of the output shaft (32) of the second articulation (27) of the double articulation (24).

• 40 = Bolt grooves (39).

• 41 = External circlips or external retaining rings for shafts.

•42 = Cover.

• 43 = Deck platform (42).

• 44 = Central cylinder of the cover (42).

• 45 = Central cylindrical hole through the cover (42).

• 46 = Guide hole for the output shaft (32) of the second articulation (27) of the double articulation (24) which is the first part of the central through hole (45) from the underside of the platform (43) of the cover (42).

• 47 = Spring hole located above the guide hole (46), and is the second part of the central through hole (45) of the cover (42).

• 48 = Piston hole located above the spring hole (47), and is the third and last part of the central through hole (45) of the Cover (42).

• 49 = Self-lubricating or synthetic bearing inserted with the proper torque setting in the pilot hole (46) of the central cylindrical through hole (45) of the cover (42).

• 50 = Threaded holes to join the upper face of the central cylinder (44) of the cover (42) with the lower base (55) of the first solenoid (54).

• 51 = Cylindrical centering and coupling recesses made on the underside of the platform (43) of the cover (42).

• 52 = Spring.

• 53 = Magnet, which can be a single cylindrical magnet or a column of disc magnets but of the same height.

• 54 = First solenoid or coil.

• 55 = Lower base with central hole through the first solenoid (54).

• 56 = Upper base with central through hole equal to that of the first solenoid (54).

• 57 = Second solenoid or coil.

58 = Lower base with central hole for the second solenoid (57).

• 59 = Upper base with central through hole equal to that of the second solenoid (57).

• 60 = Headed nuts with conical or spherical seats threaded on the Screws (23).

• 61 = Electrical Box.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

The preferred embodiment of the invention corresponds to the case in which electrical energy is generated directly from the energy contained in the joint horizontal and vertical movement of the waves during their displacement, regardless of the direction and sense of their origin.

Figure 1 shows the pendulum (2) which is the energy capture mechanism of the invention, comprising an axis or hollow tube (3) and different interchangeable energy collectors (5) connected at the free end of the axis or hollow tube by means of the appropriate interference fit or any other means of connection that allows its correct and easy fixation disassembly, being these interchangeable energy collectors (5) of different shapes and dimensions in order to obtain maximum energy, in the case of the preferred embodiment of the invention one of the possible shapes of this collector (5) could be cruciform.

Figure 2 shows the exploded perspective view of the spherical joint (6) comprising a sphere (7) and a casing (10), so that the fixed or upper end of the shaft or hollow tube (3) of the pendulum ( 2) is inserted and fixed, as can be seen in Figures 3A and 3B, in the base (8) of the sphere (7), also by means of the appropriate interference fit or any other means of connection that allows its correct and easy fixation. disassembly, this sphere (7) also having another hole (9) at the end diametrically opposite to the hole in its base (8) for its connection with the input shaft (25) of the double joint (24), as can be seen in Figures 7A, 8A, 8B and 9, this sphere (7) being of suitable material to be able to rotate freely with or without lubrication, although preferably without lubrication, inside the spherical hole without caps (11) of the casing (10 ), this casing (10) also being or its spherical hole without caps (11) covered with the appropriate material to allow the rotation of the sphere (7) inside it with or without lubrication, but also preferably without lubrication.

In Figure 2, it can also be seen that the casing (10) consists of two independent parts to allow the placement of the sphere (7) inside it, the lower casing (12) and the upper casing (13), having the face of the lower casing (12) two guide shafts (14) for through their insertion in the two through holes (15) of the upper casing (13) to proceed with the centering and settlement of these two casings, having this coupling guide axes (14) — through holes (15) the proper adjustment and sealing of the diametrical contact joint between the equal greater diameters of the two hemispheres without caps of the lower (12) and upper (13) casing of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6) to form a spherical hole without caps (11) stable without hindering the rotation of the sphere (7), but that allows its separation or disassembly by introducing levers or extractors in the peripheral holes (16) located on the underside of the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6).

The center of the sphere (7) inside the spherical hole without caps (11) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6) will be practically a fixed point, since the lower casing (12) of the casing ( 10) prevents the sphere (7) from moving downward in any direction, and the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) prevents, in this case, the sphere (7) from moving upwards also in any direction , due to the fact that the diameters of the exit circles or caps of the spherical hole (11) in both casings (12) and (13) are those of parallel circles of the sphere (7) plus the clearance between the sphere ( 7) and the spherical hole (11) of the casing (10) to allow free rotation of the latter, therefore, these exit circles of the spherical hole (11) have smaller diameters than the ball (7) of the ball joint spherical (6) thus preventing its displacement but not its rotation, and these diameters can also be the same or different for each of the casings (12) and (13) of the casing (10). Also in Figure 2 it can be seen that the Upper face of the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6) has two lateral guide axes (17) equidistant from the center of this upper casing (13), and each one of these lateral guide axes ( 17) has threaded holes (18) around it for mounting and fixing the flanges (20) of the two columns (19) that support the cover (42).

Figure 3A shows the connection between the pendulum (2) and the sphere (7) of the spherical joint (6), and Figure 3B shows how this connection transforms the lateral displacement of the pendulum (2) introduced into the water. for interfering with the periodic passage of the waves in the rotation of the sphere (7) around any axis that passes through its center inside the spherical hole without caps (11) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6) .

The pendulum (2) is the only component of the present invention in contact with water, the rest of its elements being out of the water, either inside a buoy, or submerged but without contact with the water inside. of a hermetic capsule designed for this purpose.

As shown in Figure 4, each of the two flanges (20) of the columns (19) have a circular recess (21) in the center of their support base and through holes (22) around each of them. its column (19), the objective of the circular recess (21) being to facilitate the centering and coupling of each flange (20) with its column (19) on the upper face of the upper casing (13) through the direction of its guide axes sides (17), this coupling having the appropriate adjustment to allow the easy assembly and disassembly of these two flanges (20), the mission of the through holes (22) being to fix them by means of the head screws (23) with conical seats or spherical, to prevent their loosening, each of these flanges (20) with their columns (19) in the threaded holes (18) of the upper base of the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) of spherical joint ( 6).

The double articulation (24) of the present invention comprises an input shaft (25), a first articulation (26) formed by an inner fork (28), an outer fork (29) and a bolt (30) that allows rotation. relative between both forks, a central axis (31) for connection between joints, a second joint (27), with the same three components as the first joint (26), as can be seen in Figure 5A, and an output shaft (32) with a through hole (33) near its free end, Figure 5B, the ends of the three shafts (25), (31) and (32) being attached to the forks (28) and (29) of the first (26) and second (27) articulation by means of bolts (34), Figures 5A, 5B and 5D.

To facilitate the replacement of the spring (52), Figures 5B and 5C show how the free end of the output shaft (32) of the double joint (24) with its through hole (33) is connected to the plunger or piston ( 35) also with a through hole (38), first through the cylinder hole of the plunger head (37) by means of the appropriate interference fit that allows the correct fixing of these two elements but also their easy disassembly, and later ensuring it is connection by inserting the bolt (39) from one side to the other of the through hole (38) of the piston (35) and therefore also passing through the through hole (33) of the output shaft (32) collinear with the previous one , so that the pin (39) has adequate clearance both with the through hole (33) of the output shaft (32) and with the two holes of the through hole (38) of the piston (35), so to avoid the possible lateral displacement of the bolt (39) and its possible exit from the piston (35), this has two slots (40) at the appropriate distance from its ends to install two external circlips or external retaining rings for shafts (41).

Figures 7A, 8A and 8B show how the lower end of the input shaft (25) of the double joint (24) is attached to the sphere (7) of the spherical joint (6) through the radial hole (9 ) located at a point on its surface diametrically opposite to its base (8), and in Figures 5A and 5D it can be seen how the upper end of this input shaft (25) is attached to the outer fork (29) of the first articulation (26), as from the inner fork (28) of the first articulation (26) the central union axis (31) comes out until its connection with the inner fork (28) of the second articulation (27), and by Finally, as the output shaft (32) leaves the outer fork (29) of this second articulation (27). Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 8A, 8B, 8C and 8C show that this output shaft (32) of the double joint passes through the cover (42) through its central cylindrical through hole (45) sliding, in principle, on the inner wall of a self-lubricating or synthetic bearing (49) that guides the oscillating linear movement of this output shaft (32), this self-lubricating or synthetic bearing (49) being correctly located in the guide hole (46) of the hole central cylindrical through hole (45) of the cover (42), and once the output shaft (32) has passed through the cover (42), the plunger (35) is fixed at its free end, as has already been previously described, Figures 5B, 5C and 5D, so that the circular base The upper part of the cylindrical hole of the skirt of the piston (36) acts as a stop for the upper end of the spring (52), being able to proceed to its replacement by means of the easy disassembly and subsequent assembly of the piston (35).

The connection or union of the ball (7) of the ball joint (6) with the double articulation (24) and the guiding, initially, only of the self-lubricated or synthetic bearing (49) of the 25 cover (42) transforms the rotation of the sphere (7) around any axis that passes through its center, produced by the lateral displacement of the pendulum (2) caused by interposing itself in the passage of the waves, in the oscillating linear movement of the output shaft (32) of the second articulation (27) of the double articulation (24).

Figures 6A and 6B show the cover (42) of the device of the invention comprising a platform (43) with a central cylinder (44) and a central cylindrical through hole (45). The through central cylindrical hole (45) of the cover (42) is traversed by the output shaft (32) of the second articulation (27) of the double articulation (24) during its oscillating linear movement, and is made up of three holes and two steps, starting from the underside of the platform (43), the first hole of this through central cylindrical hole (45) is the guide hole (46) that has the appropriate height and diameter to locate a self-lubricating or synthetic bearing (49), so that the outer cylindrical surface of this bearing (49) is inserted, with the appropriate interference fit that allows its correct fixing and possible disassembly for its replacement, inside the guide hole (46), the the correct height and diameter of its inner surface to guide without friction, initially only by itself, the linear oscillatory movement of the output shaft (32) of the second joint (27) of the double joint (24), the second hole of the central cylindrical through hole (45) is the spring hole (47) and it is located above the previous one, its base forming a first circular step where the lower end of the spring (52) rests, so that the outer diameter of the self-lubricating bearing or synthetic (49) is smaller than the internal diameter of the spring (52), its upper end conveniently supported or attached, as previously mentioned, to the also circular step at the base of the cylindrical hole of the piston skirt (36) and the plunger (35) attached to the free end of the output shaft (32), as also mentioned above, the shaft that passes through the interior of the spring (52) in order to center and guide its deformations, and finally the third hole of the central cylindrical through hole (45) is the plunger hole (48), located above the previous one, completely made inside the central cylinder (44) of the cover (42), its base forming the second circular step of the cylindrical hole central through hole (45), and has a height and diameter with adequate play to allow full entry and subsequent exit of the piston (35), or to allow the installation, if required, of a second self-lubricating or synthetic bearing to guide without friction, in this case, the oscillatory movement of the piston (35) attached to the free end of the output shaft (32) of the second articulation (27) of the double articulation (24).

In Figures 6A and 6B it can also be seen that the upper face of the central cylinder (44) of the cover (42) has threaded holes (50) around the outlet diameter of the plunger hole (48) of its central cylindrical through hole (45). ) in order to join the lower base (55) of the first solenoid (54) to this upper face of the central cylinder (44) of the cover (42) by means of the screws (23), and in Figure 6B it can be seen that The underside of the platform (43) of the cover (42) has two cylindrical recesses (51) with the proper interference fit that allows correct centering, fixing and easy disassembly of the cover (42) on the upper part of the columns (19) with flanges (20).

Figure 7A shows the balance arrangement of the device of the invention in which the pendulum (2) is perpendicular to the plane of the faces of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6) or of the platform (43). of the cover (42), since these faces are parallel, and in Figure 7B through the longitudinal section AA of the plan view of the present invention and the details B and C in Figure 7C of Figure 7B it can be seen that this equilibrium arrangement corresponds to the situation in which the spring (52) is fully extended at its maximum elongation, the base of the plunger head (35) is at flush with the upper face of the upper base (56) of the first solenoid (54) or with the lower face of the lower base (58) of the second solenoid (57), and that magnet (53) attached to the base of the head of the plunger (35) is completely inside the second solenoid (57).

Figures 8A and 8B show the arrangement of the device of the invention in which the spring (52) is fully contracted, setting the maximum lateral displacement of the pendulum (2) to avoid the shock or impact of its shaft or hollow tube (3 ) with no point on the edge of the circular opening on the underside of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6) that allows the exit of a part of the sphere (7) for its union with the fixed end (4) of the shaft or hollow tube (3) of the pendulum (2), and in Figure 8C also through the longitudinal section A-A of the plan view of the present invention and detail B in Figure 8D of Figure 8C it is observed that this This arrangement corresponds to the situation in which the spring (52) is fully retracted, the base of the plunger head (35) is flush with the underside of the lower base (55) of the first solenoid (54) and the magnet (53) adhered to the base of the head of the plunger (35) is completely inside the first solenoid (54).

If required, as in the case of the plunger hole (48) of the through central cylindrical hole (45) of the cover (42), the first solenoid (54) can have, if required, a spool of plastic material synthetic material with an adequate internal diameter to guide without friction the longitudinal periodic oscillation of the piston (35) attached to the free end of the output shaft (32) of the second joint (27) of the double joint (24), but without this material completely decreases the variation with time of the intensity of the magnetic flux of the magnet (53) through the cross-sectional circular area of this first solenoid (54).

Therefore, while the passage of each wave occurs, the spring (52) of the present invention is compressed so that the pendulum (2) passes from its initial equilibrium position, Figure 7A, to its position of maximum displacement, Figures 8A and 8B, and magnet (53) passes from the second solenoid (57), Figures 7B and 7C, to the first (54), 5 Figures 8C and 8D, and at most during the time it takes for the next wave to arrive from in any direction the spring (52) extends to its maximum elongation to return the pendulum (2) to its initial position and the magnet (53) from the first solenoid (54) to the second solenoid (57), repeating this cycle of maximum contraction and extension of the pier (52) between the passage of one wave and the arrival of the next. And furthermore, the device of the invention can easily change the previous spring (52) to adapt to the average frequency of passing waves anywhere in the world.

In Figures 7A, 7B, 7C, 8A, 8B, 8C it can be seen that the upper base (56) of the first solenoid (54) is attached to the lower base (58) of the second solenoid (57) by means of screws ( 23) with the nuts (60), and in all the previous figures except Figure 8B you can see the electrical box (61), which has a rectifier to convert the current produced by the device of the invention into direct current, a battery for store this direct current and an inverter to convert the direct current stored in the battery into alternating current, to power mechanisms located in the present invention that require both direct current and alternating current for their operation, and also to transport the energy produced between a set of devices of the invention connected to each other or directly to earth both individually and collectively from the device of the invention closest to the coast.

Claims (25)

1. Device (1) to generate electrical energy by transforming the pendulum movement in any direction of its pendulum (2) into linear movement with periodic oscillation of the magnet (53) inside the coils or solenoids (54) and (57 ), directly using the joint horizontal and vertical movement of the waves, and indirectly using the inertial forces that originate the oscillation movements due to the push of the waves and/or the wind, on buoys or boats where it is located without contact with the water the device (1), regardless in both cases of the direction and sense of origin of both movements, being able to also use this device (1) to generate electrical movements produced by people during their sports practices, characterized in that it comprises: a pendulum (2). a ball joint (6) two columns (19) with flange (20). a double joint (24). a plunger or piston (35). a cover (42). a pier (52) a magnet (53). two solenoids or coils (54) and (57). an electrical box (61) 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the pendulum (2) comprises a shaft or hollow tube (3) and an interchangeable energy sensor (5) attached to the free end of the shaft or hollow tube (2), which will be of different shapes and dimensions in order to capture the maximum energy depending on the medium in which it is intended to be obtained. Device (1) according to claims 1 and 2, wherein the spherical joint (6) comprises a sphere (7) and a casing (10), the sphere (7) being inside the spherical hole without caps (11). of a casing (10) which in turn is divided into two parts, the lower casing (12) with a hemispherical hole without a cap on its lower face and an upper casing (13) with another hemispherical hole without a cap on its upper face, which can be the diameter of these equal or different caps, so that their union forms the spherical hole without caps (11) with the proper adjustment and sealing of the diametrical contact joint between the equal greater diameters of the two hemispheres without caps of both casings (12) and (13), to allow the unimpeded rotation of the ball (7) of the spherical joint (6) inside the spherical hole without caps (11) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6 ). 4. Device (1) according to claims 1, 2 and 3 where the sphere (7) and spherical hole without caps (11) of the spherical joint (6) are of the appropriate material to allow the rotation of the sphere (7) around any axis that passes through its center inside the spherical hole without caps (11) without or with lubrication. Device (1) according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, wherein the upper face of the lower casing (12) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6) has two guide axes (14) and the upper casing (13) has two through holes (15) with the appropriate adjustment to allow the coupling, fixing and easy disassembly of these two casings by introducing levers or extractors in the peripheral holes (16) located on the underside of the upper casing ( 13) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6). 6. Device (1) according to the previous claims, where the upper face of the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6) has two lateral guide axes (17) equidistant from the center of this upper casing (13). ), and each of these lateral guide shafts (17) has threaded holes (18) around it. 7. Device (1) according to the previous claims where the union of the upper or fixed end (4) of the axis or hollow tube (3) of the pendulum (2) with the base (8) of the sphere (7) of the spherical joint (6) It will be by any means that allows its correct fixing and easy disassembly, such as a suitable interference fit, a bolted union, an interference fit or bolted union but with grub screws or by means of a through bolt with external circlips for shafts, etc. . 8. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, where the flanges (20) of the two identical solid or hollow columns (19) have a circular recess (21) in the center of their base, to facilitate centering and coupling of these on the upper face of the upper casing (13) through their lateral guide axes (17), and also have through holes (22) around their columns (19) to be fixed by means of head screws (23). conical or spherical seats the two columns (19) through their flanges (20) on the upper face of the upper casing (13) of the casing (10) of the spherical joint (6) in order to support the cover (42 ) of the device (1). 9. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, wherein the double articulation (24) comprises an input shaft (25), a first articulation (26) formed by an inner fork (28), an outer fork (29) and a bolt. (30) that allows relative rotation between both forks, a central axis (31) for connection between joints, a second joint (27), with the same three components as the first joint (26), and an output shaft (32). ) with a through hole (33) near its free end, the ends of these three shafts (25), (31) and (32) being attached to the forks (28) and (29) of the first (26) and second (27) articulation by means of bolts (34) or any other means that provides correct fixing and easy disassembly of these three axes. 10. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, where the pin (30) of the double articulation (24) can be connected to the outer forks (29) of the first (26) and second (27) articulation of the double articulation ( 24) by any means that allows the correct relative rotation between the inner (28) and outer (29) forks of the first (26) and second (27) articulation of the double articulation (24) but preventing its lateral displacement, such as two bearings with their outer rings inserted with the appropriate interference fit on both sides of the outer forks (29) of the first (26) and second (27) joint of the double joint (24) and the pin (30) coupled between the inner rings of both bearings, etc. 11. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, where the inner (28) and outer (29) forks of the first (26) and second (27) articulation of the double articulation (24) can be different and their three axes (25), (31) and (32) be connected to the desired inner (28) or outer (29) fork of each of these two joints (26) and (27) according with some criteria that can improve the operation of the device (1), 12. Device (1) according to the previous claims where the union of the sphere (7) of the spherical joint (6) through its radial hole (9), located at a point on the surface of the sphere (7) diametrically opposite to that of its base (8), with the lower end of the input shaft (25) of the double joint (24) is made by any means that allows its correct fixing and easy disassembly, such as a suitable interference fit, a union bolted etc 13. Device (1) according to the previous claims where the plunger or piston (35) has a cylindrical hole (36) on its skirt that forms a step with another cylindrical hole (37) that has a through hole on its head (38 ). 14. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, where the connection between the free end of the output shaft (32) of the second articulation (27) of the double articulation (24) and the plunger or piston (35) is made by means of the Adequate interference fit between the cylinder hole of the piston head (37) and the free end of the output shaft (32) that allows the correct fixing of these two elements but also their easy disassembly, subsequently ensuring this connection by means of the introduction of the bolt (39) from one side of the piston (35) to the other through its through hole (38) also located in the cylinder hole of the piston head (37), and therefore also passing through the output shaft ( 32) through its through hole (33) collinear with the previous one, so that the bolt (39) has adequate clearance both with the through hole (33) of the output shaft (32) and with the two holes of the through hole (38) of the piston (35), and to avoid the lateral displacement of the bolt (39) and its possible exit from the piston (35), it has two slots (40) at the appropriate distance from its ends to install two circlips outer or outer retaining rings for shafts (41). Or this connection can also be made by any other means that provides correct fixing and easy disassembly between these two elements. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, wherein the cover (42) comprises a platform (43) with a central cylinder (44) and a central cylindrical through hole (45), this central cylindrical through hole (45) being divided into three holes with two steps, starting from the underside of the platform (43) of the cover (42) the first hole is the guide hole (46) that has the appropriate height and diameter to locate the self-lubricating or synthetic bearing (49 ), the second hole is the spring hole (47) located above the previous one, its base forming the first circular step where the lower end of the spring (52) rests, and finally the third hole is the plunger hole (48), located above the previous one, completely made inside the central cylinder (44) of the cover (42), forming its base the second step, also circular, of the central cylindrical through hole (45), with a diameter that has the appropriate clearance to allow the entry and subsequent exit of the plunger (35), or to allow the installation, if required, of a second self-lubricating or synthetic bearing to guide without friction, in this case, the oscillating movement of the plunger (35) attached to the free end of the shaft outlet (32) of the second articulation (27) of the double articulation (24). 16. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, where the upper face of the central cylinder (44) of the cover (42) has threaded holes (50), around the outlet diameter of the plunger hole (48) of its central cylindrical through hole. (45), in order to join the lower base (55) of the first solenoid (54) by means of screws (23) to this upper face of the central cylinder (44) of the cover (42). 17. Device (1) according to the preceding claims where the underside of the platform (43) of the cover (42) has two cylindrical recesses (51) with the appropriate interference fit that allows correct centering, fixing and easy disassembly of the upper part of the two columns (19) with flanges (20) that support this cover (42), or by any other means of connection that provides correct fixing and easy disassembly between these elements. 18. Device (1) according to the previous claims, where the spring (52) has its lower end supported and/or attached to the circular step at the base of the spring hole (47) of the cylindrical through hole (45) of the cover (42). , and its upper end supported and/or joined to the upper base of the cylindrical hole of the piston skirt (36), passing through its interior the output shaft (32) of the second joint (27) of the double joint (24 ) in order to center and guide their deformations. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, where the spring (52) can have any of the possible elastic constants, including 0, which corresponds to the non-implementation of the spring (52) in the device (1). 20. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, where the magnet (53), which can be a single cylindrical magnet or a column of disc magnets but of the same height, has a length equal to the amplitude of the periodic linear movement of the assembly formed by the output shaft (32), spring (52), plunger (35) and magnet (53), and a diameter equal to or less than that of the base of the plunger head (35), thus being , this head or the entire piston (35) of the appropriate ferromagnetic material so that the magnet (53) remains completely adhered to its base. 21. Device (1) according to the previous claims, where the lower solenoid or first solenoid (54) has a winding with a length equal to the amplitude of the linear periodic movement of the assembly formed by the output shaft (32), spring (52) , plunger (35) and magnet (53), with the internal diameter of its spool having adequate clearance to allow the oscillatory movement of the plunger (35), or if required, the spool of this first solenoid (54) can be a spool made of synthetic material with an internal diameter suitable to guide without friction the longitudinal periodic oscillation of the piston (35) attached to the free end of the output shaft (32) of the second joint (27) of the double joint (24), but without this synthetic material decreases the variation with time of the intensity of the magnetic flux of the magnet (53) through the cross-sectional area of this first solenoid (54). 22. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, where the upper solenoid or second solenoid (57) also has a winding with a length equal to that of the first solenoid (54), but the internal diameter of its spool being less than that of the first solenoid ( 54), only having to have adequate clearance to allow the oscillatory movement of the magnet (53), since the induced voltage in the winding of any solenoid is inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area. 23. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, where the upper base (56) of the first solenoid (54) is attached to the lower base (58) of the second solenoid (57) by means of screws (23) with nuts ( 60), or any other means of connection that provides correct fixing and easy disassembly between these two elements. 24. Device (1) according to the preceding claims, wherein the electrical box (61) located on the upper face of the platform (43) of the cover (42) comprises a rectifier to convert the current produced by the device (1) into current direct current, a battery to store this direct current and an inverter to convert the direct current stored in the battery in alternating current, in this way it is possible to power mechanisms located in the device (1) that require both direct current and alternating current for their operation, and it is also possible to transport, where required, the alternating current produced by the inverter. 25. Device (1) according to the previous claims where the electrical box (61) located on the upper face of the platform (43) of the cover (42) of different devices (1) can be connected to each other, both through direct current in exempt cases, but almost exclusively by means of alternating current, and in the case of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the devices (1) can be connected directly to ground both individually and collectively from the closest device (1) To the coast.