ES2903095T3 - A support structure - Google Patents

Abstract

A structural support system (1) comprising a post (2) having a main extension axis (X) and a foundation plinth (3) comprising a seat for the accommodation (4) that is suitable for receiving said post (2), where said seat for the accommodation (4) of the foundation plinth (3) is through and said post (2) is adapted to be arranged inside said through seat for the accommodation (4) so that, during a configuration of use of the structural support system (1), said post (2) can be placed at a certain driving depth (h) less than an installation depth (H) of said foundation plinth (3); characterized in that said structural support system (1) comprises: - at least one pair of anchoring elements (6) arranged opposite to said post (2), preferably two pairs of anchoring elements (6), where each anchoring element (6) is configured to anchor said post (2) to said foundation plinth (3), where each anchoring element (6) comprises, respectively, a first anchoring part (7) configured to couple to the foundation plinth foundation (3) and a second anchoring part (8) configured to engage said post (2); and - a fastening means (11) for fastening together the at least one pair of anchoring elements (6), where said fastening means (11) comprises bars (12) insertable into gripping grooves (13) of said elements anchor (6), where said bars (12) are fastened at their ends with fastening elements (14).

Description

DESCRIPTION

A support structure

The object of the present invention is a structural support system.

In particular, the object of the present invention is a structural support system for the construction industry.

A method of making a structural support system is also part of the invention.

The invention, with respect to the elements that constitute the system that have a larger dimension, is useful, for example, in all buildings suitable for the storage of goods, motor vehicles and animals and, more generally, in all buildings of an industrial, logistics and livestock nature.

The invention, with respect to the elements that make up the system that have a smaller dimension, is useful, for example, in rows of poles (such as power lines and telephone lines and as in vineyards), in light structures (portals, awnings and small shelters) and, more generally, in all buildings that are subject to moderate vertical and horizontal loads. Prefabricated elements such as foundation posts and micro-posts are known which are suitable for consolidating unstable ground or are suitable for supporting light loads if they are partially driven and partially emerge from the ground (eg vineyards, small porches and awnings). A type of indirect foundation that is often used in the construction industry is, in fact, the so-called driven pile foundation.

This technology consists of driving a reinforced concrete post into the ground without extracting earth or without prior drilling and extraction of earth, typically by means of a hammer or by applying static pressure.

The post is driven into the ground to a set depth below ground level (or the level of the reference excavation), said "drive depth" being measured as the distance between the bottom tip (or bottom face) of the post and the ground level.

If the posts are used as an above-ground load-bearing structure, the technology can be particularly unstable and load-bearing capacity is often compromised by ground subsidence.

It is also known to use prefabricated or cast posts that are inserted into the seats of the plinths with a pit or socket plinths made as a foundation structure to support the pillars; In general, the former are more widely used for power poles or telephone lines, while the latter are more widely used as vertical support structures of logistics buildings.

Pit plinths or socket plinths are generally prefabricated and then poured in-situ into the foundation excavation to a certain depth below ground level (or reference excavation level), the depth being measured " installation depth" as the distance between the bottom surface of the plinth and the ground level; it is also usual to install the plinths on the support surface provided by reinforced concrete beds that are poured in situ. Such systems according to the preamble of claim 1 are generally known, for example from NL 9100680 A.

However, both techniques presented have numerous drawbacks. In the first place, if it is necessary to remove driven, intermediate or perforated posts of large dimensions, the resulting operation is very laborious. Deep excavations are usually carried out to expose the entire pole and possible destruction involves chisels and other costly demolition procedures. Therefore, there is the drawback of disposing of a large part of construction waste.

On the other hand, microposts are easier to remove if removal is necessary, as they are thinner. However, when they are also used as structural pillars, they must above all be very deep to necessarily reach the most resistant substrates in the ground, they are often surrounded by many other micro-posts or piles (completely buried) that help to support the structure. weight and, finally, they are often not able to guarantee a high resistance to vertical and horizontal loads: due to the reduced cross-section and consequently the pronounced slenderness of the piles, they are less resistant and more easily become unstable and, due to their greater ability to penetrate the ground, they are more susceptible to short-term and long-term failure. In addition, for the installation of interlocking plinths, very deep foundations are needed, the use of which follows from the need to adequately anchor the plinth to the installation ground, or an adequate bed of foundation concrete or lean concrete must be provided by performing of trenches or the installation of a significant number of cubic meters of reinforced concrete, where all these tasks must be carried out on site. In both cases, moreover, it is necessary to provide a thin layer of concrete before installing the interlocking plinths or pouring the concrete bed.

These construction techniques have limits with regard to the load capacity and extraction operations that require a very deep excavation with the consequent movement of large amounts of land, both during construction and extraction and in the phase of possible improvement or restoration of the site. site after extraction.

The realization of a structural support system by driving posts or by installing sockets and posts has, therefore, drawbacks related to the stability of the structure, the positioning of the posts and their possible extraction. , at the cost of driving the posts when they are numerous and/or with a large section, at the scale of the excavations during construction, extraction, improvement of the first site, at the costs of the long construction process.

In this context, the technical task of the present invention is to propose a structural support system and a corresponding embodiment method that overcomes one or more of the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art.

In particular, the object of the present invention is to provide a structural support system that is structurally simple, versatile, small in size, easy to install and easy to remove.

An additional object of the present invention is to propose a structural support system that makes it possible to guarantee an excellent level of rigidity and structural stability and that makes it possible to easily modify the depth to which the posts are driven.

The object of the present invention is also to provide a method for making a structural support system that is fast, simple and improves the efficiency of the construction process.

The stated technical task and specified objects are substantially achieved by a supporting structural system and a corresponding embodiment method comprising the technical features disclosed in one or more of the appended claims.

In particular, this invention provides a structural support system according to claim 1 comprising, among other things, a post having a main extension axis and a foundation plinth comprising a housing seat that is suitable for receiving the post.

The housing seat of the foundation plinth is a through seat and the post is suitable for being arranged in the through housing seat in such a way that, during a use configuration of the structural support system, the post can be arranged at a depth established driving depth that is less than an installation depth of the foundation plinth.

Advantageously, by having a foundation plinth that is drilled around the post, that is, due to the presence of the through-housing seat, it is possible to keep the post in position once it is driven into the ground.

Furthermore, advantageously, thanks to the present invention, the post can be driven into the ground to the desired length without the need to previously lay out a foundation plinth.

An additional advantage of the present invention is to jointly take advantage of the soil compaction capacity of a traditional driven post with the foundation stability capacity of the foundation plinth that the post traditionally lacks.

Furthermore, advantageously according to the present invention, by taking advantage of the foundation plinth's ability to distribute loads over a larger surface than merely the pole section, reaching great depths into the ground becomes superfluous.

Advantageously, due to the present invention, the joint action of the post and the foundation plinth reduces the need for a large number of driven posts, further reducing costs.

The present invention further provides a method according to claim 8 for making a structural support system comprising, among others, the steps of:

- provide a pole,

- insert a post into the ground at a set driving depth,

- provide a foundation plinth comprising a pass-through housing seat and is suitable for receiving the post,

- Arrange the post passing through the housing seat of the foundation plinth,

- Arrange the foundation plinth at an installation depth greater than the driving depth.

Advantageously, the method described allows a structural support system to be made quickly.

Thanks to this procedure, it is possible to structurally reinforce a post driven into the ground to be able to use it as a support structure.

The appended claims, included herein by reference, correspond to different embodiments of the invention.

Additional characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be more evident from the following illustrative, and therefore non-limiting, description of a preferred, but not exclusive, embodiment of a structural support system such as the one illustrated in the attached drawings, in those who:

Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a structural support system according to a possible embodiment of the present invention during a stage of positioning the foundation plinth,

Figure 2 is a detailed schematic prospective view of the structural support system of Figure 1 during an anchoring element assembly stage,

- figure 3 is a detailed schematic prospective view of the structural support system of figure 1 during an additional stage of assembly of the anchoring element,

Figure 4 is a detailed schematic prospective view of the structural support system of Figure 1 during a fastening means installation step,

Figure 5 is a detailed schematic prospective view of the structural support system of Figure 1 during an assembly stage of the closing element of the anchoring element, and

figure 6 is a partially sectioned schematic side view of the system of figure 1 at the end of the stages of realization of the system.

With reference to the attached figures, where the reference number 1 refers, in a generic way, to a structural support system, said system is indicated hereinafter simply as system 1.

System 1 comprises a post 2 having a main extension axis X. Preferably, post 2 can be made of one of the following materials: reinforced concrete (R.C.), prestressed reinforced concrete (P.R.C.), steel, wood.

Preferably, the post 2 has a polygonal section, even more preferably a square or rectangular section.

System 1 comprises a foundation plinth 3 comprising a housing seat 4 that is suitable for receiving post 2.

Advantageously, the housing seat 4 of the foundation plinth 3 is a through seat and the post 2 is suitable for being arranged in the through housing seat 4 in such a way that, during a configuration of use of the system 1, the post 2 can be arranged at a set driving depth "h" which is less than an installation depth "H" of the foundation plinth, as illustrated in figure 6.

In other words, the through housing seat 4 has a shape and dimensions that are such that they allow the post 2 to slide inside it.

Even more preferably, the housing seat 4 has a countersink 4a in the center, as seen in figure 2.

Preferably, the foundation plinth 3 is covered with a waterproofing sheath.

Preferably, the foundation plinth 3 is provided with positioning rings 5 that are integral with the foundation plinth 3 itself and are configured to be connected by means of chains or hooks by means of lifting means, which are not illustrated in the attached figures, to manipulate the foundation plinth 3.

Preferably, the foundation plinth 3 comprises a plurality of supports arranged on the lower surface of the foundation plinth 3, which are not illustrated in the attached figures, which are even more preferably manufactured as a single piece with the foundation plinth 3. Of Advantageously, the supports act as spacer elements that favor the possible stacking of several foundation plinths 3 during the transport stage, thus safeguarding the structural integrity of the foundation plinths 3.

With reference to figures 2-5, the system 1 preferably comprises at least one anchoring element 6 configured to anchor the post 2 with the foundation plinth 3.

Preferably, the anchoring element 6 comprises a first anchoring part 7 configured to be coupled to the foundation plinth 3 and a second anchoring part 8 configured to be coupled to the post 2.

Preferably, the first and/or the second anchoring part 7, 8 are made of steel.

In a possible embodiment of the anchoring element 6, which is not illustrated in the attached figures, preferably the first and second anchoring parts 7, 8 are provided as one piece.

Preferably, the anchor element 6 is substantially L-shaped.

Preferably, the post 2 has a plurality of recesses 9 in at least one face 2a of the external lateral surface of the post 2.

With reference to figure 2, preferably the second anchoring part 8 has a plurality of protrusions 10 shaped in such a way as to respectively engage the plurality of recesses 9 to anchor the second anchoring part 8 to the post 2.

Preferably, the recesses 9 are protected on the inside with rubber stopper elements (or other material of similar consistency, resilience and section modulus), which are not illustrated, to avoid direct contact between the recesses 9 and the protuberances 10. Advantageously, in this way the exchange of forces between the recesses 9 and the protrusions 10 is guaranteed.

Advantageously, due to the presence of the recesses 9, it is possible to have a continuous and precise reference to anchor the post 2 to the foundation plinth 3, regardless of the driving depth of the post 2. Advantageously, the recesses 9 are configured to increase the grip of the post 2 with the ground.

Preferably, in the case of posts 2 made by precompression with prestressed cables (thus subject to shortening after release of the prestressing cables which, although very small and much less than the total length of the element along the main axis x thereof, can affect the position of the recesses 9, which can move during the shortening step), the recesses 9 are made with slightly larger dimensions than the protrusions 10; in this way, a certain free space is guaranteed that can facilitate the correct positioning of the second anchoring part 8.

Preferably, the first anchoring part 7 can be anchored to the foundation plinth 3 by means of first fixing elements 7a.

Even more preferably, the first fixing elements 7a pass through the upper surface 3a of the foundation plinth 3 and the first anchoring part 7.

Even more preferably, the first fixing elements 7a pass through the countersink 4a of the foundation plinth 3 and the first anchoring part 7.

Preferably, the system 1, which is the object of the present invention, comprises at least one pair of anchoring elements 6 that are arranged opposite to the post 2, even more preferably two pairs of anchoring elements 6, as illustrated in attached figures 2-5.

With reference to figure 4, the system 1 preferably comprises a fastening means 11 for fastening the pairs of anchoring elements 6. Advantageously, by integrating the opposing anchoring elements 6, the fastening means 11 allows greater stability and strength in system 1.

Even more preferably, the fastening means 11 comprises bars 12 (for example, made of steel and threaded elements) that can be inserted into gripping grooves 13 of the anchoring elements 6 and can be fastened at the ends with fastening elements 14 ( for example, nuts).

It should be noted that the advantageous fastening does not affect the integrity of the post 2, remaining outside the post 2. Whether due to design requirements or if the post 2 has a bulky section, the external fastening performed by the bars 12 can be implemented or replace, if overall dimensions are excessive, with a different solution. Preferably, in fact, the system 1 comprises a plurality of fixing pins, which are not illustrated in the attached figures, which are suitable to be inserted into the post 2 and to pass, respectively, inside a plurality of holes 15 made in the second anchoring part 8, illustrated in figure 2.

The pins allow the second anchoring part 8 to be fixed to the post 2 without encroaching on the volume surrounding the anchoring part 8. Preferably, holes are made (for example, by drilling) inside the post 2, which are not illustrated in the figures. attached figures, which are filled with thermosetting resin (for example, epoxy resin), which, after inserting the pins first in the holes 15 and then in the holes of the post 2, makes the pins integrate with the post 2.

With reference to figure 3, the system 1 preferably comprises at least one reinforcement plate 16 suitable to be disposed between the first anchoring part 7 and the second anchoring part 8 perpendicularly to the face 2a of the external lateral surface of the post 2 and parallel to the main extension direction X of the post 2.

With reference to figures 2 and 3, it is preferably possible to take advantage of a free space between the external lateral surface 2a of the post 2 and the internal surface of the housing seat 4 of the foundation plinth 3 to insert insulating materials (for example, foam injections ) to protect the anchoring elements 6 against the capillary nature of underground fluids.

With reference to figure 5, the system 1 preferably comprises at least one closing element 17 to close the anchoring element 6.

Even more preferably, the closing element 17 is made of plastic and has the appropriate shape to be retained by the pressure exerted on the anchoring elements 6. According to an additional aspect of the invention, a method is provided for making a system 1, comprising the steps of:

- provide a post 2,

- insert post 2 into the ground T at a set driving depth "h",

- provide the foundation plinth 3,

- arrange the post 2 passing through the through housing seat 4 of the foundation plinth 3,

- Arrange the foundation plinth 3 at an installation depth "H" greater than the driving depth "h" of post 2.

Advantageously, the fact of being able to insert the through post 2 inside the foundation plinth 3 makes it possible to obtain a structure 1 that has good stability characteristics.

Depending on the driving depth of the post 2, it is possible to realize versatile structures 1 that are capable of adapting to the geotechnical characteristics of the terrain T and, due to the presence of the foundation plinth 3, it is possible to have excellent stability and support characteristics .

Preferably, as illustrated in Figure 1, the stage of arranging the through post 2 for the through housing seat 4 comprises the sub-phase of lowering the foundation plinth 3 onto the post 2 from above.

If the foundation plinth 3, for different design needs, is not intended to be installed at ground level, the procedure may comprise the sub-phase of making a small foundation excavation S around the post 2, which can be achieved, for example, with a small excavating machine, excavation S being adequate to accommodate the foundation plinth 3.

However, it is also possible to position the foundation plinth 3 in a suitable excavation S before driving the post 2.

Once the foundation plinth 3 and the post 2 have been properly positioned and settled on the ground T, in order to improve the stability of the system 1, it is possible to proceed with the anchoring of the two elements.

In this sense, with reference to figures 2-4, the procedure preferably comprises the step of anchoring the post 2 to the foundation plinth 3.

In figure 2 an adjustment stage of the second anchoring parts 8 is illustrated, which can be advantageously mounted at the desired depth on the basis of the geometric positioning diagram of the recesses 9 in the post 2.

In figure 3, an adjustment stage of the first anchoring parts 7 is illustrated, which can be reinforced by the reinforcement plates 16.

With reference to figure 4, once the first anchoring parts 7 are fixed to the foundation plinth 3 and the second anchoring parts 8 are fixed to the post 2, it is possible to fasten the closing elements 6 by means of the fastening means 11 so that the system formed by the foundation plinth 3 and post 2 is more stable.

Figure 5 illustrates a final stage of the system 1 realization procedure that installs the closing elements 17, thanks to which it is possible to protect the closing elements 6 against external agents.

Advantageously, thanks to the present invention, the post 2 acts as a foundation post, insofar as it is partially underground, and acts as a consolidation post when it is driven in, and acts as a pillar of the building or of the lines (for example, power and telephone); this element, near ground level, is anchored to a foundation plinth 3 that acts as a rigid confinement ring that minimizes the horizontal and vertical movements of the vertical support element (post 2) it controls, with excellent anti-seismic results . In addition, the use of horizontal and/or vertical reinforcing frames, which are not illustrated in the figures attached, which are applied to the part above the ground of the vertical support elements (that is, the part of the posts 2 that protrudes from the ground) in buildings made with the technique presented in the present invention, contributes significantly to the fact that the building achieves the behavior of a complete rigid body that is useful for anti-seismic purposes.

Due to the joint action of the burying of the post 2 and the distribution of the force provided by the foundation plinth 3, another advantage of the system 1 depends on the fact that the post 2 can be driven, inserted or installed at shallower depths than those of the foundation posts or the consolidation micro-posts, so that post 2 can be removed more easily in case of possible extraction, without the use of particularly powerful machines and with less environmental impact. The joint action of a vertical element (post 2) and a "ring-shaped plinth" (foundation plinth 3) makes system 1 much more rigid than traditional techniques (simple installation of plinths or other foundations on the posts or on microposts); this allows higher performance to be achieved with thinner elements with material cost savings.

It is also a completely prefabricated, assembled, modular and modulable solution, assembled and dismantled in situ, adjustable to the different geomorphological needs of the installation and driving ground; a solution that involves very light excavation, if any, and is above all very easy to dismantle and with practically no environmental impact; a solution that can be reused elsewhere and allows the first site to be upgraded and restored quickly and with little labour, so it is also cheap.

The system's full assembly capability greatly speeds up construction operations, greatly reducing labor costs.

This invention achieves the proposed objects by overcoming the aforementioned drawbacks of the prior art and by making available a structural support system and a corresponding production method that combines the advantages of speed of prefabricated construction, the advantages of simplicity of installation that characterizes the "pillar-embedded plinth" systems, with the advantages of compacting the ground, which is characteristic of driven posts and micro-posts.

Claims (9)

1. A structural support system (1) comprising a post (2) having a main extension axis (X) and a foundation plinth (3) comprising a seat for the accommodation (4) that is suitable for receiving said post (2), where said seat for the housing (4) of the foundation plinth (3) is through and said post (2) is adapted to be arranged inside said through seat for the housing (4) so that, during a use configuration of the structural support system (1), said post (2) can be placed at a certain driving depth (h) less than an installation depth (H) of said foundation plinth (3); characterized in that said structural support system (1) comprises: - at least one pair of anchoring elements (6) arranged opposite to said post (2), preferably two pairs of anchoring elements (6), where each anchoring element (6) is configured to anchor said post (2) to said foundation plinth (3), where each anchoring element (6) comprises, respectively, a first anchoring part (7) configured to engage the foundation plinth (3) and a second anchoring part (8). ) configured to engage said post (2); Y - a fastening means (11) for fastening together the at least one pair of anchoring elements (6), where said fastening means (11) comprises bars (12) insertable into gripping grooves (13) of said anchoring elements anchor (6), where said bars (12) are fastened at their ends with fastening elements (14). 2. A structural support system (1) according to claim 1, wherein said post (2) has a plurality of recesses (9) in at least one face (2a) of the external lateral surface of the post (2) and in which said second anchoring part (8) has a plurality of protrusions (10), which have a shape that respectively coincides with said plurality of recesses (9) so that said second anchoring part (8) is anchored to said post (two). A structural support system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said first and second anchoring portions (7, 8) are provided as one piece. 4. A structural support system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of fixing pins adapted to be inserted into the post (2) and respectively passing through a plurality of holes (15) that are provide in the second anchoring part (8). 5. A structural support system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising at least one reinforcing plate (16) adapted to be arranged between the first anchoring part (7) and the second anchoring part (8) perpendicular to said at least one face (2a) of the external lateral surface of the post (2) and parallel to the main extension direction (X) of the post (2). 6. A structural support system (1) according to any of the preceding claims, comprising at least one closure element (17) of the anchoring element (6). 7. A structural support system (1) according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said at least one anchoring element (6) is substantially "L"-shaped. 8. A procedure for making a structural support system (1) comprising the steps of: - prepare a pole (2), - insert said post (2) into the ground (T) at a certain driving depth (h), - preparing a foundation plinth (3) comprising a through seat for the housing (4) suitable for receiving said pin post (2), - arranging said post (2) passing through said through housing (4), - arranging said foundation plinth (3) at an installation depth (H) greater than said driving depth (h) of the post (2); - anchoring said post (2) to said foundation plinth (3) providing at least one pair of anchoring elements (6) arranged opposite to said post (2), preferably two pairs of anchoring elements (6) ; said anchoring step comprising a substep of coupling respective first anchoring parts (7) of the anchoring elements (6) to the foundation plinth (3) and a substep of coupling respective second anchoring parts (8) of the anchoring elements (6) to said post (2); - fastening together the at least one pair of anchoring elements (6) by inserting bars (12) in gripping grooves (13) of said anchoring elements (6) and holding said bars (12) at the ends thereof with fastening elements (14). A method for making a structural support system (1) according to claim 8, wherein said step of arranging said post (2) passing through said through seat for the housing (4) comprises the substep of lowering said foundation plinth (3) from top to bottom on the post (2).