ES2895428A1 - Accumulation heating equipment that exploit the surplus of electric power produced in photovoltaic solar installations and the surplus control procedure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Accumulation heating equipment that exploit the surplus of electric power produced in photovoltaic solar installations and the surplus control procedure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2895428A1 ES2895428A1 ES202030880A ES202030880A ES2895428A1 ES 2895428 A1 ES2895428 A1 ES 2895428A1 ES 202030880 A ES202030880 A ES 202030880A ES 202030880 A ES202030880 A ES 202030880A ES 2895428 A1 ES2895428 A1 ES 2895428A1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1096—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for electric heating systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/242—Home appliances
- Y04S20/244—Home appliances the home appliances being or involving heating ventilating and air conditioning [HVAC] units
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCI NDESCRIPTION
EQUIPOS DE CALEFACCIÓN POR ACUMULACIÓN QUE APROVECHAN LOS EXCEDENTES DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA PRODUCIDA EN INSTALACIONES SOLARES FOTOVOLTAICAS Y EL PROCEDIMIENTO DE CONTROL DEL EXCEDENTESTORAGE HEATING EQUIPMENT THAT USE SURPLUS ELECTRICAL ENERGY PRODUCED IN SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATIONS AND THE SURPLUS CONTROL PROCEDURE
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓNOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención revela equipos de calefacción por acumulación que aprovecha los excedentes de energía eléctrica proveniente de una instalación solar doméstica para ser utilizada por medio de una serie de resistencias eléctricas que mediante efecto Joule transforman el excedente de energía eléctrica en energía térmica y un procedimiento de control que permite distribuir el excedente de energía eléctrica.The present invention discloses storage heating equipment that takes advantage of surplus electrical energy from a domestic solar installation to be used by means of a series of electrical resistors that, through the Joule effect, transform the surplus electrical energy into thermal energy and a procedure for control that allows to distribute the surplus of electrical energy.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Los primeros enfoques para un suministro de energía independiente de la red utilizan convertidores de energía, como células solares o generadores térmicos, o convertidores térmicos. El requisito previo para esto es siempre la presencia de la forma de energía a convertir, como la luz, o calor, que a su vez depende de la aplicación y el entorno. Esto limita severamente el área de aplicación de tales convertidores de energía alternativa. Se desconoce la cobertura de la energía requerida para un funcionamiento completamente autosuficiente por dicho convertidor de energía. Dependiendo del consumo de energía y del entorno de aplicación, el sistema de suministro de energía siempre debe redimensionarse y optimizarse, de modo que los excedentes de energía eléctrica puedan ser aprovechables.Early approaches to grid-independent power supply used power converters, such as solar cells or thermal generators, or thermal converters. The prerequisite for this is always the presence of the form of energy to be converted, such as light, or heat, which in turn depends on the application and the environment. This severely limits the application area of such alternative energy converters. The power coverage required for fully self-sufficient operation by such a power converter is unknown. Depending on the energy consumption and the application environment, the energy supply system must always be resized and optimized, so that surplus electrical energy can be used.
En la actualidad existen sistemas capaces aprovechar los excedentes de producción eléctrica renovable mediante el almacenamiento de la carga excedente y luego su distribución, tal y como se puede apreciar en la solicitud de patente alemana DE20220148U1 que divulga un dispositivo móvil de almacenamiento y suministro de energía que convierte exclusivamente energía de fuentes de energía naturales primarias, como la energía solar y / o la energía cinética del cuerpo humano, en energía almacenada y suministra a los consumidores de energía, que se caracteriza porque las fuentes de energía a través de un almacenamiento de energía central y la unidad de control que controla el suministro de energía están conectadas a al menos un dispositivo de almacenamiento de energía mecánico que sirve como dispositivo de almacenamiento de energía principal. Currently there are systems capable of taking advantage of surplus renewable electricity production by storing the excess load and then distributing it, as can be seen in the German patent application DE20220148U1, which discloses a mobile energy storage and supply device that exclusively converts energy from primary natural energy sources, such as solar energy and/or the kinetic energy of the human body, into stored energy and supplies energy consumers, characterized in that energy sources through an energy storage central unit and the control unit that controls the energy supply are connected to at least one mechanical energy storage device serving as the main energy storage device.
Una de las desventajas de estos dispositivos de almacenamiento de energía, es que los depósitos de energía no se intercambian ni reemplazan por razones de compatibilidad, que difieren considerablemente en su capacidad, volumen y forma. Además, las opciones de conexión de los acumuladores de energía conocidos actualmente son extremadamente diferentes, de modo que, debido a la diversidad de estas opciones de conexión, no hay compatibilidad entre sí.One of the disadvantages of these energy storage devices is that the energy reservoirs are not exchanged or replaced for compatibility reasons, which differ considerably in their capacity, volume and shape. Furthermore, the connection options of currently known energy storage devices are extremely different, so that, due to the diversity of these connection options, there is no compatibility with one another.
En el estado del arte existen sistemas de control capaces de gestionar la potencia consumida por una resistencia eléctrica con el objetivo de ajustar el consumo eléctrico a la producción en tiempo real, de modo que se evitan los sobreconsumos del sistema de producción térmico. Los sistemas de gestión de energía en el hogar representan de forma eficiente el uso de energía eléctrica en los electrodomésticos, estos sistemas de gestión de energía en el hogar pueden conectarse a varios dispositivos de suministro de energía o dispositivos de consumo de energía en el hogar para monitorear el estado del suministro de energía y el estado del consumo de energía y de ese modo controlar el funcionamiento de cada uno de los dispositivos de acuerdo con los resultados monitoreados. En los últimos años, la difusión de un módulo fotovoltaico (PV) se ha ido expandiendo. Dado que la energía suministrada desde el módulo fotovoltaico es efectiva en términos de reducción de la factura eléctrica porque no se genera una carga eléctrica separada. Además, se pueden generar ingresos vendiendo al menos una parte de la energía suministrada desde el módulo fotovoltaico a otra persona o a la instalación eléctrica. Sin embargo, en el caso del sistema actual de gestión de energía en el hogar, la información de uso de la energía suministrada desde el módulo fotovoltaico no se proporciona intuitivamente al usuario. Por tanto, es posible que el usuario no aprecie claramente el beneficio de utilizar la energía generada por el módulo fotovoltaico y se le puede proporcionar el máximo beneficio según el resultado de la sensación.In the state of the art, there are control systems capable of managing the power consumed by an electrical resistance with the aim of adjusting the electrical consumption to production in real time, so that overconsumption of the thermal production system is avoided. Home energy management systems efficiently account for the use of electrical energy in household appliances, these home energy management systems can be connected to various power supply devices or energy consuming devices in the home to monitor power supply status and power consumption status and thereby control the operation of each of the devices according to the monitored results. In recent years, the diffusion of a photovoltaic (PV) module has been expanding. Since the energy supplied from the photovoltaic module is effective in terms of reducing the electric bill because a separate electric charge is not generated. In addition, income can be generated by selling at least a part of the energy supplied from the photovoltaic module to another person or to the electrical installation. However, in the case of the current home energy management system, the usage information of the energy supplied from the photovoltaic module is not intuitively provided to the user. Therefore, the benefit of using the power generated by the photovoltaic module may not be clearly appreciated by the user, and the maximum benefit may be provided according to the result of the feeling.
La patente española ES2635647 revela un sistema de aprovechamiento de excedentes de energía eléctrica procedentes de una instalación con generación eléctrica renovable, donde dicho sistema comprende una bomba de calor con al menos un compresor modulante configurado para ajustar la potencia consumida en función de una consigna de producción; una unidad de control configurada para: monitorizar el balance energético entre la red eléctrica y una instalación eléctrica con un sistema de producción renovable; determinar, en base a dicho balance energético y al menos un límite de control de excedente, si se efectúa una habilitación de la regulación de excedente de energía; calcular una consigna de producción de excedente que incluye al menos un parámetro de funcionamiento de la bomba de calor para ajustar el balance energético de la instalación eléctrica con la red eléctrica según una determinada consigna de balance energético; enviar la consigna de producción de excedente a la bomba de calor, donde los medios de medición del intercambio energético entre la red eléctrica y la instalación eléctrica comprenden un medidor bidireccional de energía; donde la unidad de control está configurada para monitorizar el balance energético a partir de las mediciones recibidas del medidor bidireccional de energía.Spanish patent ES2635647 discloses a system for taking advantage of excess electrical energy from an installation with renewable electricity generation, where said system comprises a heat pump with at least one modulating compressor configured to adjust the power consumed based on a production setpoint ; a control unit configured to: monitor the energy balance between the electrical network and an electrical installation with a renewable production system; determine, based on said energy balance and at least one surplus control limit, if an energy surplus regulation is enabled; calculate a surplus production setpoint that includes at least one operating parameter of the heat pump to adjust the energy balance of the electrical installation with the electrical network according to a determined energy balance setpoint; send the surplus production setpoint to the heat pump, where the means for measuring the energy exchange between the electrical network and the electrical installation comprise a bidirectional energy meter; where the control unit is configured to monitor the energy balance from the measurements received from the bidirectional energy meter.
La presente invención se diferencia del documento ES2635647, en que los equipos acumuladores no incorporan una bomba de calor, ya que puede acumular y distribuir la energía realizando la conversión a calor por medio de la incorporación en su interior de una pluralidad de resistencias eléctricas, que mediante efecto Joule transforman el excedente de energía eléctrica en energía térmica, por lo que además incorpora un núcleo de material denso con alto calor específico que rodea dichas resistencias y donde se acumula la energía térmica obtenida, evitando de esta forma el intercambio de calor con el exterior. Además, dispone de un procedimiento de control del excedente de energía, el cual comprende el firmware que gobierna los circuitos electrónicos del equipo y un software de control que consta de una parte que interactúa con el usuario y otra que procesa la entrada. Por todo lo anterior la presente invención resuelve de una manera óptima la rentabilidad de los excedentes de energía eléctrica para una instalación solar doméstica.The present invention differs from document ES2635647, in that the accumulator equipment does not incorporate a heat pump, since it can accumulate and distribute energy by converting it to heat by incorporating a plurality of electrical resistors inside it, which Through the Joule effect, they transform the excess electrical energy into thermal energy, which is why it also incorporates a core of dense material with high specific heat that surrounds said resistances and where the thermal energy obtained is accumulated, thus avoiding the exchange of heat with the Exterior. In addition, it has an energy surplus control procedure, which includes the firmware that governs the electronic circuits of the equipment and a control software that consists of a part that interacts with the user and another that processes the input. For all of the above, the present invention optimally solves the profitability of surplus electrical energy for a domestic solar installation.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOSDESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con el objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de la realización práctica del mismo, se acompaña como parte integrante de dicha descripción, un juego de dibujos en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of its practical embodiment, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, by way of illustration and not limitation, the following has been represented:
Figura 1.- muestra una vista esquemática de una instalación solar fotovoltaica doméstica típica.Figure 1.- shows a schematic view of a typical domestic photovoltaic solar installation.
Figura 2.-muestra una vista esquemática del equipo de calefacción por acumulación del excedente de energía eléctrica producida.Figure 2.-shows a schematic view of the heating equipment for accumulation of the surplus electrical energy produced.
Figura 3.- muestra una vista esquemática del equipo de calefacción por acumulación aplicado a una instalación solar fotovoltaica doméstica, donde se aprecia la nueva disposición con la incorporación de un medidor de potencia y energía eléctrica bidireccional (8) y alternativamente dos medidores de potencia y energía (8’) y (8’’), proporcionando información extra al procedimiento de control.Figure 3.- Shows a schematic view of the storage heating equipment applied to a domestic photovoltaic solar installation, where the new arrangement can be seen with the incorporation of a bidirectional electrical power and energy meter (8) and alternatively two power meters and energy (8') and (8''), providing extra information to the control procedure.
Figuras 4.- muestra una vista esquemática de la comunicación con internet (50) por medio de los componentes necesarios para comunicarse bidireccionalmente mediante radiofrecuencia con un enrutador (40) de tipo doméstico, a su vez muestra el medidor de potencia y energía bidireccional (8) y los medidores de potencia y energía (8’) y (8’’), enviando información vía Internet (50).Figures 4.- Shows a schematic view of communication with the internet (50) by means of the necessary components to communicate bidirectionally by radio frequency with a home-type router (40), in turn shows the bidirectional power and energy meter (8 ) and the power and energy meters (8') and (8''), sending information via the Internet (50).
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
La energía solar se ha convertido en la mejor alternativa para ahorrar en la factura de la luz, por lo que la instalación de placas solares resulta imprescindible para disfrutar de esta energía limpia y gratuita en una casa unifamiliar, comunidad de vecinos o empresa. Esta energía producida mediante paneles solares podrá ser utilizada del mismo modo que la energía que obtenemos de la red eléctrica, permitiendo su uso tanto para electrodomésticos y domótica como para sistemas de climatización como calderas o aires acondicionados.Solar energy has become the best alternative to save on electricity bills, so the installation of solar panels is essential to enjoy this clean and free energy in a single-family home, community of neighbors or company. This energy produced by solar panels can be used in the same way as the energy we obtain from the electricity grid, allowing it to be used both for home appliances and home automation and for air conditioning systems such as boilers or air conditioners.
Los paneles solares, están formados por celdas fotovoltaicas fabricadas en materiales semiconductores como el arseniuro de galio o el silicio cristalino, que permiten transformar la energía solar en energía eléctrica. Esta conversión de energía se produce gracias al efecto fotovoltaico, por el cual un electrón pasa de la celda del panel cargada negativamente hacia otra con carga positiva, generando una corriente eléctrica continua. Por tanto, la cantidad de energía solar transformada es directamente proporcional al tamaño del módulo fotovoltaico, por lo que, si necesitamos más energía, únicamente debemos instalar una mayor superficie de celdas fotovoltaicasSolar panels are made up of photovoltaic cells made of semiconductor materials such as gallium arsenide or crystalline silicon, which allow the transformation of solar energy into electrical energy. This energy conversion occurs thanks to the photovoltaic effect, by which an electron passes from the negatively charged panel cell to another with a positive charge, generating a continuous electric current. Therefore, the amount of solar energy transformed is directly proportional to the size of the photovoltaic module, therefore, if we need more energy, we only have to install a larger area of photovoltaic cells
Esta energía producida en corriente continua, pasará a través de un inversor solar donde se adapta su frecuencia e intensidad transformándola en corriente alterna, y habilitando dicha energía eléctrica para el uso doméstico. Una vez disponemos de esta energía, utilizaremos la parte necesaria para el autoconsumo, mientras la energía sobrante, conocida como excedente de energía, puede emplearse de las siguientes maneras: almacenar dicha energía mediante baterías, verter dichos excesos a la red con el fin de obtener una compensación, o no utilizar estos excedentes, desechándolos mediante un sistema anti vertido.This energy produced in direct current will pass through a solar inverter where its frequency and intensity are adapted, transforming it into alternating current, and enabling said electrical energy for domestic use. Once we have this energy, we will use the necessary part for self-consumption, while the remaining energy, known as surplus energy, can be used in the following ways: store said energy through batteries, pour said excesses into the network in order to obtain compensation, or not using these surpluses, disposing of them through an anti-dumping system.
La compensación simplificada de excedentes de energía, es el proceso que permite vender el excedente de energía solar de forma automática, sencilla y gratuita. El precio de venta de los excedentes es aproximadamente de 0.05 $/kWh y el precio de venta total mensual de estos excedentes nunca podrá ser mayor que el precio pagado por la energía consumida, sin embargo, es de hacer notar que la compensación de energía no es un balance neto, en el cual se compensa la energía utilizada y no el precio pagado por ella. Por tanto, siendo el precio de la energía vendida menor de la mitad del precio de la energía comprada, se debe vender más del doble de la energía utilizada de la red si queremos minimizar nuestra factura de la luz, esto hace que sea más rentable utilizar el excedente de energía para el beneficio doméstico.The simplified compensation of energy surpluses is the process that allows the sale of surplus solar energy automatically, simply and free of charge. The sale price of the surpluses is approximately $0.05/kWh and the total monthly sale price of these surpluses can never be higher than the price paid for the energy consumed; however, it should be noted that the energy compensation does not it is a net balance, in which the energy used is compensated and not the price paid for it. Therefore, since the price of the energy sold is less than half the price of the energy purchased, more than double the energy used from the network must be sold if we want to minimize our electricity bill, this makes it more profitable to use surplus energy for domestic benefit.
La presente invención revela un equipo de calefacción por acumulación que aprovecha los excedentes de energía eléctrica proveniente de una instalación solar doméstica para ser utilizada en dichos equipos de calefacción por medio de una serie de resistencias eléctricas que mediante efecto Joule transforman el excedente de energía eléctrica en energía térmica.The present invention reveals a storage heating equipment that takes advantage of surplus electrical energy from a domestic solar installation to be used in said heating equipment by means of a series of electrical resistors that, through the Joule effect, transform the surplus electrical energy into thermal energy.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓNPREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Una instalación solar fotovoltaica doméstica típica, consta de los siguientes elementos: paneles fotovoltaicos (20) que transforman la radiación solar que reciben en energía eléctrica; al menos un inversor electrónico (30) que transforma la corriente continua que generan los paneles fotovoltaicos en corriente alterna de uso doméstico; medios de distribución y transporte de energía eléctrica, en el caso de instalaciones solares conectadas a ella red eléctrica (60).La energía producida es utilizada para el funcionamiento de los equipos domésticos (9) que utilizan la energía generada por la instalación solar o, en caso que esta energía no sea suficiente la instalación además puede, estar conectada a la red eléctrica (60) (Figura 1).A typical domestic photovoltaic solar installation consists of the following elements: photovoltaic panels (20) that transform the solar radiation they receive into electrical energy; at least one electronic inverter (30) that transforms the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panels into alternating current for domestic use; means of distribution and transport of electrical energy, in the case of solar installations connected to the network electricity (60). The energy produced is used for the operation of domestic equipment (9) that use the energy generated by the solar installation or, if this energy is not sufficient, the installation can also be connected to the electricity grid. (60) (Figure 1).
La presenta realización revela equipos (10) de calefacción por acumulación para una instalación solar doméstica, donde cada equipo (10) de calefacción comprende, una envolvente (4) que incorpora en su interior una pluralidad de resistencias eléctricas (1) que mediante efecto Joule transforman el excedente de energía eléctrica en energía térmica, un núcleo (2) de material denso con alto calor específico que rodea dichas resistencias (1) y donde se acumula la energía térmica obtenida, un aislamiento térmico (3) que rodea al núcleo (2) y reduce la transmisión térmica entre el núcleo (2) y el exterior; al menos un dispositivo de dialogo con el usuario (5); un módulo que incorpora los circuitos electrónicos (6); y una sonda de temperatura (7) que proporciona la capacidad de actuar como termostato de ambiente.(Figura 2)The present embodiment reveals storage heating equipment (10) for a domestic solar installation, where each heating equipment (10) comprises a casing (4) that incorporates inside it a plurality of electrical resistances (1) that by Joule effect transform the excess electrical energy into thermal energy, a core (2) of dense material with high specific heat that surrounds said resistors (1) and where the thermal energy obtained is accumulated, a thermal insulation (3) that surrounds the core (2 ) and reduces the thermal transmission between the core (2) and the outside; at least one dialogue device with the user (5); a module that incorporates the electronic circuits (6); and a temperature probe (7) that provides the ability to act as a room thermostat. (Figure 2)
Cuando se conecta los equipos de calefacción por acumulación para una instalación solar doméstica se requiere de un procedimiento de control del excedente de energía, el cual comprende el firmware que gobierna los circuitos electrónicos (6) del equipo (10) y un software de control que consta de una parte que interactúa con el usuario y otra que procesa la entrada.When connecting the storage heating equipment for a domestic solar installation, a control procedure for excess energy is required, which includes the firmware that governs the electronic circuits (6) of the equipment (10) and a control software that It consists of a part that interacts with the user and another that processes the input.
Cuando en una instalación solar doméstica se conecten uno o varios equipos (10) de calefacción por acumulación como los que describe la presente invención, resultará una disposición equivalente a la representada en la Figura 3, donde se ha incorporado al menos un medidor de potencia y energía eléctrica bidireccional (8) que es utilizado para proporcionar información al procedimiento de control. Alternativamente se puede utilizar una combinación de dos medidores de potencia y energía (8’) y (8’’), proporcionando información extra al procedimiento de control.When one or more storage heating equipment (10) such as those described by the present invention are connected to a domestic solar installation, an arrangement equivalent to the one shown in Figure 3 will result, where at least one power meter has been incorporated and bidirectional electrical energy (8) that is used to provide information to the control procedure. Alternatively, a combination of two power and energy meters (8') and (8'') can be used, providing extra information to the control procedure.
Los equipos de calefacción por acumulación (10) aprovecharán todos o parte de los excedentes de energía que produce la instalación solar devolviendo, con posterioridad, esa energía en forma de calor.The storage heating equipment (10) will take advantage of all or part of the surplus energy produced by the solar installation, subsequently returning that energy in the form of heat.
El software de control será una aplicación informática específica que permitirá controlar los equipos (10) desde un dispositivo móvil o un ordenador personal. Para ello, en una realización preferente de la invención, los circuitos electrónicos (6) de los equipos de calefacción (10) por acumulación que aprovechan los excedentes solares, incorporan los componentes necesarios para comunicarse bidireccionalmente mediante radiofrecuencia con un enrutador (40) de tipo doméstico que a su vez estará conectado a Internet (50) (Figura 4).The control software will be a specific computer application that will control the equipment (10) from a mobile device or a personal computer. For this, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electronic circuits (6) of the storage heating equipment (10) that take advantage of solar surpluses, incorporate the necessary components to communicate bidirectionally by radio frequency with a router (40) of type which in turn will be connected to the Internet (50) (Figure 4).
El medidor de potencia y energía bidireccional (8) o en el caso de utilizar doble medidor, los medidores de potencia y energía 
Los equipos de calefacción (10) por acumulación que aprovechan los excedentes solares serán de distintos tamaños constituyendo una gama que permitirá calentar habitaciones de distinto tamaño eligiendo el modelo más adecuado. Cada modelo presenta distintas combinaciones de resistencias (1) eléctricas calefactoras en tamaño o en número.The storage heating equipment (10) that takes advantage of solar surpluses will be of different sizes, constituting a range that will allow heating rooms of different sizes by choosing the most appropriate model. Each model has different combinations of electrical heating resistors (1) in size or number.
Las distintas resistencias (1) eléctricas calefactoras de los equipos podrán ser conectadas de manera independiente o por grupos mediante el empleo de dispositivos de conexión mecánicos o electrónicos.The different electrical heating resistors (1) of the equipment may be connected independently or in groups by using mechanical or electronic connection devices.
Estos dispositivos actuarán dependientes del software de control que seguirá el algoritmo de control que se describe a continuación:These devices will act dependent on the control software that will follow the control algorithm described below:
Se define como Potencia neta de la Instalación (Pneta) como: La potencia registrada por el medidor de potencia y energía bidireccional (8) o, en el caso de utilizar doble medidor, como la diferencia entre el medidor de potencia y energía de origen solar (8’) y el medidor de potencia y energía de toda la vivienda (8”).It is defined as Net Power of the Installation (P net ) as: The power registered by the bidirectional power and energy meter (8) or, in the case of using a double meter, as the difference between the power meter and source energy solar (8') and the power and energy meter for the entire house (8”).
Pneta podrá ser mayor, menor o igual a cero. Net P may be greater than, less than or equal to zero.
Se define como Potencia conectada (Pcon) como la sumatoria de las potencias de las resistencias (1) eléctricas calefactoras de los equipos que se encuentren conectadas en un momento dado.Connected power (P with ) is defined as the sum of the powers of the electrical heating resistors (1) of the equipment that are connected at a given moment.
Se define Potencia total disponible (Ptotal) como: Total available power (P total ) is defined as:
Ptotal - Pneta + PCON Total P - Net P + PCON
El procedimiento de control calculará el acceso y el nivel de potencia a cada uno de los equipos en función de Ptotal.The control procedure will calculate the access and power level for each of the devices based on P total .
Cada vez que transcurra un periodo de tiempo, cuya duración corresponde a un valor parametrizable, el algoritmo comprueba el valor de Ptotal y, en función de dicho valor realizará una de las dos acciones siguientes:Each time a period of time elapses, the duration of which corresponds to a parameterizable value, the algorithm checks the value of total P and, based on said value, will perform one of the two following actions:
A) Si Ptotal s 0, considera que existe un excedente de energía de origen solar, y se calcula la prioridad de conexión de cada una de las resistencias (1) calefactoras de los equipos (10).A) If P total s 0, it considers that there is a surplus of solar energy, and the connection priority of each of the heating resistors (1) of the equipment (10) is calculated.
Se confecciona una lista de prioridad para las resistencias (1) calefactoras de los equipos (10) que tendrá en cuenta el valor de prioridad asignado a cada equipo (10) por el usuario durante la instalación y será afectado por la diferencia entre la temperatura de consigna de cada equipo (10) actuando como termostato de ambiente y la temperatura que mediante la sonda de temperatura (7) es medida en el local donde se encuentre instalado; y se conectan las resistencias (1) de la lista por orden de prioridad hasta completar la Ptotal disponible.A priority list is drawn up for the heating resistors (1) of the equipment (10) that will take into account the priority value assigned to each equipment (10) by the user during installation and will be affected by the difference between the temperature of setpoint of each equipment (10) acting as a room thermostat and the temperature that is measured by means of the temperature probe (7) in the room where it is installed; and the resistors (1) from the list are connected in order of priority until completing the total P available.
B) Si Ptotal < 0 todas las resistencias (1) calefactoras de los equipos (10) serán desconectadas B) If P total < 0 all heating resistances (1) of the equipment (10) will be disconnected
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000146210A (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-05-26 | Yazaki Corp | Floor heater using solar cell |
| GB2446418A (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-13 | Univ Montfort | Apparatus and methods for automatic recognition, metering and energy output prediction of renewable energy devices |
| US20130043724A1 (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-02-21 | Robert Boach Gmbh | Solar Synchronized Loads for Photovoltaic Systems |
| CN111457463A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-07-28 | 天津大学 | Heat accumulating type electric heating optimization control method without power failure and power outage |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000146210A (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2000-05-26 | Yazaki Corp | Floor heater using solar cell |
| GB2446418A (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-13 | Univ Montfort | Apparatus and methods for automatic recognition, metering and energy output prediction of renewable energy devices |
| US20130043724A1 (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2013-02-21 | Robert Boach Gmbh | Solar Synchronized Loads for Photovoltaic Systems |
| CN111457463A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-07-28 | 天津大学 | Heat accumulating type electric heating optimization control method without power failure and power outage |
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