ES2850274A1 - MECHANICAL DEVICE FOR REMOVING TREE STUMPS AND ASSOCIATED STUMPPING PROCEDURE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Mechanical device for uprooting tree stumps, which is pivotally coupled to the arm of a large tonnage rotary backhoe, comprising a frame which in turn comprises a quick coupling unit for the excavator arm; two side cutting plates welded onto the coupling unit that constitute two cutting structures; where the cutting structures are reinforced by angular supports; and where, arranged between the two curved cutting structures, a third structure is located which is a cutting bar perpendicular to them made up of a straight plate with a sharp edge; and associated procedure of stump removal with three stages, one cutting the roots of one side of the stump, another cutting the roots of the opposite side of the stump and a final cutting of the roots of the front and rear part of the stump. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

MECHANICAL DEVICE FOR REMOVING TREE STUMPS AND ASSOCIATED STUMPPING PROCEDURE

Object of the invention

The present invention aims to describe a mechanical device in steel designed to uproot tree stumps from the ground, which is pivotally coupled to the arm of a large tonnage backhoe, capable of extracting stumps up to 330 mm in diameter. The device has, among others, the particularity of being simple in design, consisting of a single steel body that does not have any pivoting frame or any additional hydraulic system for its operation. This new device allows to obtain better mechanical advantages in general, since the possible obstruction by earth or stones of the pivoting elements is eliminated, as well as the elimination of maintenance and breakdowns of the hydraulic system.

In this sense, it should be noted that the operation of the mechanical device coupled to the backhoe is not based on the direct lifting of the stump, as is usual and known, but on cutting some of the roots of the stump and then extracting the stump. This makes it possible to extract the stump with less soil adhering to the roots, which translates into less impact on the soil structure, the force required for extraction is lower, the efforts and vibrations to be supported by the excavator are also lower. , as well as significantly reduced stump removal time and fuel consumption with energy savings at a relatively low cost. In addition, the curved design that is specified later, and which is finished in a point, allows the device to be nailed into very compact soils, while its curved shape allows the device not to slide over thick roots, but rather serves as a guide through the subsoil.

Technical sector

The present invention is part of the Agroforestry and Mechanical Engineering sector, specifically in the development of machinery for the extraction of tree stumps from the ground that are generated in fruit growing, in the felling of forest species and in the treatment and exploitation of forest masses for their integral use.

State of the art

A large number of mechanical devices have been developed to uproot tree stumps after logging in forest resource farms. Most of these devices are designed to be attached to the arm of a backhoe.

Some of these devices use a frame that has an upper and lower jaw to remove and cut the stump. In this sense, patents US5080151, US5533682A, US5636802A, US5921302A, US6076572A and / or US6564836B2, describe a device for extracting and cutting tree stumps or other materials. The device comprises a frame having a first jaw and which is stationary with respect to the frame. It also contains a second jaw, which is pivotable by means of an adjustment cylinder. While the first fixed jaw is intended to support the material to be cut, the pivoting jaw includes a cutting blade thus facilitating the cutting of the stump. However, this configuration has several disadvantages. It may happen that the area or gap between the bits of the counter tends to get clogged with the residues of the division. A further disadvantage is the grinding procedure, particularly in the base section of the slit. This clogging requires the apparatus to be turned off and the slit cleared, from time to time, during the splitting and grinding procedure. It is also possible that rocks attached to the roots of the stump can penetrate or lodge in the gap between the cutting elements, thus causing damage to the counter bits. Additionally, the arcuate design of the cutting elements can be problematic when one of them is replaced. In addition, unless the pivotable cutting element is manufactured in such a way that it is able to precisely align itself with the slot between the counter bits, damage to the apparatus may occur.

Other devices are known, such as those described in patents EP1956882B1 and EP1619940B1. Said devices are made up of two frames, one with a base on the ground and the other on the top, which supports jaws that will grip the stump. Joining both frames, hydraulic systems are arranged to separate them, thus lifting the extraction jaw and, consequently, the stump. The invention has the drawback that the execution time is very long. Furthermore, it may happen that the hydraulic devices are not long enough to uproot the stump, since there are forest species with a highly developed root system that seriously complicate their application.

There are also other types of mechanisms, such as the one described in patent US4321761A where at least two mobile elements are included in relation to each other. One of said elements is adapted to rest against the ground, when the tool has been introduced into the ground, under the stump. The other element, under the action of a hydraulic system, rests on the first, thus being able to lift the stump by means of the relative movement of said elements. But, like the previously described design, these devices have the drawback and disadvantage that the execution time is very high and, furthermore, that the amplitude of the hydraulic system does not become long enough to uproot the stump.

In patent US20100319808A1 another type of mechanism has been described, based on the crushing of the stump in situ. To do this, an auger with blades at its end is used, driven by the transmission of the vehicle that supports it or by its hydraulic system. The bit is positioned in the center of the stump so that as the bit rotates, the blades crush the stump into small pieces. However, this type of device has the disadvantage that when the stumps are in sandy-silty soils, the auger in its turn can turn the stump, so it cannot crush it. This happens because the roots are not confined in the sandy-silty soil, as in the case of loamy soils, with less sand content and therefore more compact. On the other hand, it has been found that, if the cutting blades are not long enough to crush the entire diameter of the stump and approximately 10 cm of the main roots, it happens that the remains germinate again but now with lower quality, which makes it useless.

Other types of devices are known that use a frame having one or more horizontal cutting blades. This is the case of patents US6035562A, US6662479B2, US20080011496A1 and / or US8561325B1, which present a frame that has a pair of side members between which a cutting blade is located. The lower edges of the side members are beveled to aid in the cutting operation. However, these types of devices have the drawback that they have been designed to pull out the roots of the weed when the vehicle carrying them circulates and not to pull out large diameter stumps, such as fruit tree stumps, olive trees, or stumps. of forest species, because for this, more robust devices are required that after removing the stump, move it aside to make way for the supporting vehicle.

It should be noted that in patents US5490340A and US6401369B1 mechanisms similar to those mentioned in previous patents have been described, consisting of a frame that has a pair of sharp lateral members between which is located one or more horizontal cutting blades. Unlike the previous devices, these have fixing to the rocker arm of an excavator, which makes them more effective in the extraction of large stumps. However, it has been found that both devices have the drawback of having cutting blades of reduced length, with little thickness to withstand the forces transmitted by the excavator, which usually result in the fracture of the devices in the welded joint of the side members with horizontal cutting blade. On the other hand, it happens that in very compact soils there is great difficulty to be able to nail the frame of these devices and much less to be able to reach the roots of the stump, even managing to slide these devices over the roots and the excavator may remain, when pressing with the rocker on the ground to nail the device, with the front part in the air and therefore lose stability. It also happens that these devices do not allow the stump to be cut in two, if desired. In addition, as its lateral members have a relatively short length, it is difficult to cut the greatest number of roots of forest species with a highly developed root system, and it happens that the roots that remain in the ground sprout again, but now with lower quality. which seriously complicates its application.

There are also other types of mechanisms, coupled to the arm of backhoes, in which the stump removal is based on chipping the stump, as is the case of the devices described in patents US4164247A, ES8700544, US20060156590A1 and / or US20110107623A1. These devices comprise a flat elongated spur, which has a cutting edge and a cutting blade in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the spur, and which also have a cutting edge. However, these devices have the drawback that the execution time is very high, the de-stump is based on splintering the stump by making several incisions in it. On the other hand, it has been found that both the spur and the cutting blade perpendicular to the spur plane have a very small width to be able to cut the roots with the fewest possible incisions. Furthermore, the device is not large enough to uproot forest species with a highly developed root system, which seriously complicates its application. On the other hand, the design of this device favors the fatigue fracture of the excavator arm on one of its sides, since by presenting a horizontal cutting blade on only one of its sides, eccentric stresses are originated with respect to the axis. of the backhoe arm that can cause tensile stresses on the same side as the horizontal cutting blade.

It is also known what is disclosed in document ES2336521A1 and in document ES2663656A1.

Regarding the patent ES2663656A1, this invention is a stump cutter for small tonnage excavators, while that of the present invention is a stump cutter for large tonnage excavators. In the case of the ES2663656A1, this fact makes the configuration and structure designed for this use, and specifically, these devices comprise flat elongated spurs, which have a cutting edge and a cutting blade in a plane perpendicular to the spur plane, and they also have a cutting edge. Document ES2663656A1 discloses a stump cutter for small tonnage excavators, which is indicated for a log size not exceeding 50 cm in circumference length; When carrying out the traction operation on the ground to cut the roots, this type of excavator does not have enough weight to maintain its stability, and may even end with the overturning of said excavator. On the other hand, the stump cutter indicated for small tonnage excavators is not large enough to uproot forest species with a root system such as that developed in the present invention, which seriously complicates its application, as well as the execution time. On the other hand, the design of the ES2663656A1 favors the fatigue fracture of the excavator arm on one of its sides, since by presenting a horizontal cutting blade on only one of its sides, eccentric stresses are originated with respect to the axis of the backhoe arm that can cause tensile stresses on the same side as the horizontal cutter blade.

Regarding patent ES2336521A1, this device comprises two frames that together act as a jaw. The first frame is articulated at the end of the arm of the excavator, using a hooking system by means of pins similar to that of patent ES2663656A1, being actuated by the ordinary hydraulics of the excavator. In this case, a second frame is also included that comprises a cutting blade, a support to fix it to the excavator arm, and an auxiliary hydraulic for its operation. In this sense, the fixing system to the excavator arm of the two mentioned patents is slower and more difficult than that of the present invention, since it requires two operators, one to insert the pins to fix the frame to the excavator arm, and Another operator at the controls of the excavator to make small movements until the excavator arm is positioned in the correct position with respect to the holes in the frame. In addition, in ES2336521A1 it is necessary to fix the second jaw at the back of the excavator arm, resulting in a tedious and complicated task. However, in the present invention there is an automatic anchoring system that is operated from the controls of the excavator, which does not requires pins, being a universal system in heavy duty excavators, making it compatible with any heavy duty excavator.

Furthermore, the spoon of the invention ES2336521A1, has two pointed surfaces, spikes, which supposedly facilitate penetration into the earth. It has been proven that, for optimal penetration into the earth, it is necessary elements of great length and the most refined possible. In fact, stump extraction tests have been carried out with an ordinary excavator bucket, 30 cm wide and with three teeth or spikes similar to the bucket of the invention ES2336521A1. In these tests it was observed that a great earth movement was required since the necessary depth could not be reached, investing considerable time in the process. This problem is solved by the stump cutter object of the present invention, since the extraction process is optimized by reaching adequate depths and with the least earth movement, and therefore time allocation.

On the other hand, the invention ES2336521A1 supposedly enables extraction and felling in a single operation, reducing them to small pieces. Tests have also been carried out where it has been observed that if we grasp a stump using a jaw system based on the invention ES2336521A1), the weight of the excavator must be very important, around 20 tons, or where appropriate, the stump it must be very small with an underdeveloped root system, and be located in very loose soil. If the soil is loamy or loamy-clayey, in the extraction operation by means of traction with jaws, the stump does not come out in any case, and even less if it is large. For this reason, in these tests it was decided in situ to carry out the extraction by cutting and pulling from the roots, and not by traction from the head of the stump.

Therefore, it follows that the invention ES2336521A1 is not large enough to uproot forest species with a highly developed root system like that of the present invention, which seriously complicates its application, as well as the execution time.

According to the comparisons made previously, it can be concluded that both the invention ES2663656A1 and the invention ES2336521A1, do not have enough size to uproot forest species with a highly developed root system, which seriously complicates their application, as well as the execution time. Its anchoring system to the excavator arm is slow and complex. Furthermore, the execution mode of the invention ES2663656A1 is based on traction from the head of the stump, unlike the present patent application which is based on extraction by cutting and pulling from the roots; and the frame of the invention ES2336521A1 is based on the structure of a standard bucket or bucket of a excavator, to which a cutting frame has been added, far from the mechanical structure and capacity of the present invention.

Taking into account the previously stated, it can be indicated that all previously indicated antecedents, and very especially the last two, are structures differentiated not only from that of the present invention, but from each other, which means that it is considered that it cannot be reached to the solution specified below. Furthermore, based on the foregoing, there is still a need for a system or device to safely uproot tree stumps, which avoids the various problems and disadvantages of the prior art. In this sense, it is necessary to develop a device to uproot stumps that is also capable of extracting a stump with less soil attached to the roots, which would translate into less impact on the soil structure and the environmental conditions that it entails. Likewise, with the device object of the present invention, the force required for extraction would be lower, the efforts and vibrations to be supported by the backhoe would also be lower, in addition to reducing both the stump extraction time and fuel consumption with savings. energy and at a relatively low cost. Additionally, with the present device a solution is developed that allows it to be used in compact terrain without the need for additional machinery, that is, the stump cutter object of the present invention allows it to be nailed into compact soils with ease and a structural design that facilitates its sliding by the subsoil.

Brief description of the invention

The invention consists of a mechanical device for uprooting tree stumps from the ground, designed to extract them effectively in operations resulting from the felling of forest species, fruit growing, and the treatment and exploitation of forest stands. Said device is pivotally coupled to the arm of a heavy tonnage backhoe.

The mechanical device of the invention has a simple configuration or design, and is constituted by a single body made of steel and without having any pivoting frame or any additional hydraulic system to actuate it. In this way, with regard to its application, with this configuration the possible obstruction by earth or stones of the pivoting elements is eliminated when uprooting the stump from the ground, as well as the elimination of maintenance and breakdowns of the hydraulic system.

The operation of the mechanical device is based on cutting some of the roots of the stump in the ground. It is then extracted, without having to directly lift the stump. With the design of the device described in the present invention and its claims, it is also possible to extract the entire stump or to cut it into two parts. The design that has been made is such that the described mechanical device is capable of extracting stumps of a large diameter, in particular up to 330 mm in diameter.

The mechanical device has several advantages in that the force required for extraction would be lower when compared to other devices of the prior art. It is also possible to extract the stump with less soil attached to the roots, which results in less impact on the soil structure.

Likewise, the mechanical device of the invention has advantages in that the stresses and vibrations to be supported by the backhoe would be lower, avoiding unnecessary and dangerous risks such as destabilization, as well as reducing the time for removing the stump and, furthermore , the cost of fuel consumption with a clear saving of energy and the cost of the operation.

It is indicated that, throughout the description and claims, the term "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics or additional elements.

Description of Figures

In order to complete the description and to aid in a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of figures and drawings is presented in which the following is represented by way of illustration and not limitation:

Figure 1. The mechanical tree stump extraction device is shown, designed to be made of steel, which consists of the following parts: (1) quick coupling unit for excavator arm. (2, 2 ') lateral cutting structures with sharp curved outer surface for cutting the lateral roots of the stump; (3) steel angle brackets; (4) third steel structure for cutting anterior and posterior roots of the stump.

Figure 2. The mechanical device for the extraction of tree stumps from the ground is schematically represented in front view.

Figure 3. This figure shows the tree stump extraction device in elevation view.

Figure 4. The mechanical tree stump extraction device is represented in profile view.

Figure 5. The tree stump extraction device is presented in detail in plan view.

Figure 6. Stages I and II are represented as an example in the cutting of lateral roots of a stump made with the mechanical device of the invention, specifically the incision in the ground and cutting.

Figure 7. Stages I and II are represented as an example of cutting the lateral roots of a stump made with the mechanical device of the invention, specifically the cutting of the roots.

Figure 8. Stages I and II are represented as an example of cutting the lateral roots of a stump made with the mechanical device of the invention, in front view.

Figure 9. Stage III is represented as an example of the cutting of posterior roots in frontal view.

Figure 10. Stage III is represented as an example of posterior root cutting in posterior view.

Detailed description of the invention

The invention refers to a mechanical device for uprooting tree stumps from the ground in forestry, fruit growing and treatment of forest stands for their use. The mechanical device is pivotally coupled to the arm of a heavy-duty backhoe, capable of removing large diameter stumps.

The configuration or structural design of the present invention provides significant advantages over prior art mechanical devices using pivot point systems. The mechanical device is a simple design, consisting of a single body made of steel, which does not have any pivoting frame or any additional hydraulic system to actuate it. All these improvements translate into better advantages in the mechanical work of uprooting the stumps, in general, since the possible obstruction by earth or stones of the pivoting elements is eliminated, as well as the elimination of maintenance and possible breakdowns of the hydraulic system.

The operation of the device is not based on the direct lifting of the stump, but on previously cutting some of the roots of the stump and then removing the stump. If desired, it is also possible to cut the stump into two parts or remove it as a whole.

With this system it is possible to uproot and extract the stump with a lesser amount of soil adhering to the roots, which translates into less impact on the soil structure and with a clear advantage over the state of the prior art.

Likewise, the force required for extraction is lower than compared to other solutions mentioned above, the stresses and vibrations to be borne by the excavator are also lower, as well as the stump extraction time and fuel consumption are reduced, with energy savings and lower operating costs.

The structure of the mechanical device made of steel, as seen in Figures 1 to 5, comprises:

• A quick coupling unit (1) for the excavator arm, preferably 40 mm thick, although this type of coupling can be replaced by the traditional bolt coupling.

• At least two lateral cutting plates (2-2 ') are welded onto the coupling unit, at least one on each side of said coupling unit, with a curved configuration and pointed ends, and with a sharp outer surface, preferably 30 mm thick and 1400 mm long. This curved pointed design is of particular importance, as it allows the device to be nailed into very compact soils, while its curved design allows the device not to slide over thick roots, but rather serves as a guide through the subsoil. These two shear structures are reinforced by 30 mm thick inner and outer steel angular supports (3). This structural design provides additional reinforcement to the support structure during the uprooting process of tree stumps and prevents destructive engagement of the cutter frame coupling unit.

• arranged between the two lateral curved cutting structures (2-2 '), a third cutting structure is located, which is a cutting bar (4) perpendicular to them, made up of a straight steel plate, preferably 30 mm thick and 40 mm long, with a sharp edge, which is designed to provide additional reinforcement to the structure of the device during the uprooting operation.

The operation of the mechanical device object of the invention is described below once it is coupled to a large tonnage rotary backhoe. The operation of this mechanical device can be divided into 3 stages, as follows:

I. In a first stage, an incision is made with the curved cut structures in the ground, preferably on one side of the stump to be uprooted, making a rectilinear movement with the arm of the excavator, thus cutting the roots of that side of the stump.

II. In a second stage, the same operation is carried out as in the first, but now on the opposite side.

III. The objective in the third stage is to cut the roots of the anterior part, but more important is the cut of the posterior roots. This is due to the fact that the rear roots of the stump, with respect to the backhoe, offer great resistance to traction, sometimes causing destabilization of the rear part of the backhoe when cutting it, even lifting it off the ground. In this third stage, the two cutting structures of the mechanical device (Figure 1) do not perform an important function, unless it is desired to section the stump in two, for which one of the cutting structures is passed through the center of the stump. On the other hand, the work of the third structure or cutter bar (4) is essential to cut the anterior and posterior roots with a rectilinear movement, making it rotate while rotating the mechanical device attached to the arm of the backhoe.

The mechanical device object of the invention provides significant advantages over other devices of the prior art, since it is capable of extracting a stump with less soil attached to the roots, which translates into less impact on the soil structure where stumps are found. Likewise, the force required for extraction is lower, the efforts and vibrations to be borne by the excavator are even lower, as well as the time to remove the stump and, therefore, fuel consumption with energy savings and at low cost. relative.

The mechanical device of the invention always coupled to a large tonnage rotary backhoe, as described herein, perfectly extracts the stumps found in both sandy loam and more compact soils. It has better mechanical advantages than the mechanical devices of the prior art, since with its use it is possible to eliminate the possible obstruction by earth or stones of the pivoting elements, in addition to the elimination of maintenance and breakdowns of the hydraulic system.

In any case, the use of the mechanical device to uproot tree stumps pivotally coupled to the arm of a large tonnage rotary backhoe, is such that it allows the cutting structures of the device to be used to section the stump to be uprooted into two by passing one of the structures cut through the center of the stump. It also has the peculiarity that the use of its design is such that the length of its cutting elements is adequate to cut the greatest number of roots of forest species with a highly developed root system, thus guaranteeing effective stump removal. It also has another peculiarity that is that the use of its curved design of the two lateral cutting plates is such that it allows the device not to slide over thick roots, but rather that this curvature serves as a horizontal guide through the subsoil, thus avoiding the backhoe to lose stability at the front. Finally, the design of the two pointed end cutting side plates allows the stump to be easily cut in two.

For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the present invention will emerge, in part, from the description and, in part, also from the practice of the invention. Following the above, the example presented below is provided for illustrative purposes and is not intended to be a limiting embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of an embodiment of the invention

The present invention is illustrated below by means of an embodiment of the invention.

First, the mechanical device is developed using HARDOX-500 steel as a material. Said device is designed in such a way that it is capable of uprooting and extracting tree stumps up to 330 mm in diameter, once mounted on the large tonnage backhoe machine, specifically on its rotating arm.

Said mechanical device, as described in Figures 1 to 5, comprises the following parts:

• a quick coupling unit (1) for the arm of the large tonnage rotary backhoe loader, hereinafter backhoe, measuring 40 mm thick, minimum tolerance in its manufacture made entirely of steel; and where alternatively, this type of coupling to the backhoe can also be replaced by the traditional coupling that is carried out by bolts.

• Two side cutting plates (2, 2 ') are welded onto this coupling unit, made of steel, with a sharp curved outer surface and dimensions of 30 mm thick and 1400 mm long. These cutting structures are reinforced by internal and external angular supports (3), also made of steel, all of them 30 mm thick. This design of the mechanical device thus provides additional reinforcement to the support structure during the process of uprooting and extraction of the stumps and avoids the destructive compromise of the coupling unit of the cutting structure; and

• arranged between the two curved cutting structures, there is also a third structure which is a cutting bar (4) perpendicular to them, which is made up of a straight plate also made of steel with measurements of 30 mm thick and 40 mm long, and with a sharp edge. This design thus provides an important reinforcement to the structure of the mechanical device during the uprooting operation of the stumps. Regarding the operation of this mechanical device pivotally coupled to the rotating arm of the backhoe, firstly it is coupled to it. The operation in use of the entire system for its application and use in the uprooting of tree stumps is preferably carried out in 3 stages with the following indications (Figures 6 to 10):

I. In a first stage, an incision is made. For this, curved cutting structures or lateral cutting plates (2, 2 ') are used directly on the ground, preferably carried out on one side of the stump (Figures 6 to 8). For this, a rectilinear movement is printed with the arm of the backhoe. In this way, the roots of the side of the stump can be cut.

II. In a second stage, on the opposite side of the stump to be uprooted, the same operation is carried out as in the first (Figures 6 to 8).

III. In a third stage (Figures 9 to 10), the cutting bar (4) is used to cut the roots of the anterior part of the stump and cut the posterior roots in one movement of the device at the same time as performs the rectilinear movement of the rocker arm of the backhoe.

When using the device of the invention coupled to the arm of the backhoe, it is important to bear in mind that the cutting of the rear roots offers great resistance to traction with respect to the backhoe itself, even more so since the backhoe is widely used. tonnage. When this type of cut is carried out, it can even cause a destabilization of the rear of the backhoe and then it could be lifted off the ground.

In the example of the invention, if it is desired to section the stump in two, one of the lateral cutting plates (2 or 2 ') is passed through the center of the same stump.

Claims (4)

1. - Mechanical device for uprooting tree stumps, which is a device pivotally coupled to the arm of a large tonnage rotary backhoe, characterized in that it comprises a frame that in turn comprises: - a quick coupling unit (1) for the 40 mm thick excavator arm - two side cutting plates (2, 2 ') welded onto the coupling unit (1), with curved outer surface and sharp outer edge, 30 mm thick and 1400 mm long, constituting two cutting structures; - where the shear structures are reinforced by internal and external steel angular supports (3), 30 mm thick; - and where, arranged between the two curved cutting structures, a third structure is located, which is a cutting bar (4) perpendicular to the lateral cutting plates, consisting of a straight plate 30 mm thick and 40 mm long with the sharp edge. 2. - Mechanical device to uproot tree stumps, according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements that make up the frame are designed in HARDOX-500 steel. 3. - Mechanical device to uproot tree stumps, according to claim 1, characterized in that the two lateral cutting plates (2, 2 ') have a pointed end. 4. - Stump removal procedure to uproot tree stumps, with a device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises: I. a first stage where an incision is made directly in the ground with the lateral cutting plates (2, 2 ') and in the area of the side of the stump, printing a rectilinear movement with the arm of the backhoe and cutting the roots of that side of the stump; II. a second stage, where the same operation is carried out as in the first stage, but on the opposite side of the stump; and III. a third stage where the roots of the anterior part of the stump are cut and the posterior roots are cut with the cutter bar (4) in a rotary movement of the device at the same time as the rectilinear movement of the rocker arm is carried out. the backhoe.