ES2823599B2 - Antioxidant aqueous extracts from plant raw materials, procedure for obtaining them and their use in the composition of a cosmetic product - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Antioxidant aqueous extracts from plant raw materials, procedure for obtaining them and their use in the composition of a cosmetic product

Technical sector

The present invention is encompassed in the field of obtaining aqueous extracts with antioxidant properties by microwave assisted hydrodiffusion combined with gravity ( Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity, MHG) from different plant raw materials and/or fungal fruiting bodies with high content in compounds with antioxidant capacity, as well as its subsequent use as a cosmetic agent given its antioxidant, firming and/or depigmenting capacity and ultraviolet filter in the formulation of personal care products enriched with natural extracts and made with different thermal waters.

Background of the invention

The development of innovative extraction methods of bioactive compounds of plant origin that are respectful of the environment is one of the challenges that the industrial sector has to face [F. Chemat et al., TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2019, 118, 248-263], Conventional extraction techniques, used in the extraction of high value-added compounds, require considerable amounts of resources and provide limited yields, compared to emerging extractive processes, Many of these traditional systems involve the use of added solvents, In order to reduce the environmental impact generated and the costs associated with the extractive process, those solvents that are less harmful to the environment and that at the same time have a lower cost, In this context, the use of water should be preferred to obtain polar extracts through innovative technologies [S. Cañigueral Folcara et al., ES 2 533200 B 1], In contrast to these extraction techniques, new methodologies are being established in the transformation industries capable of providing high quality extracts in favorable cost conditions in an environmentally sustainable way from of different vegetable raw materials. Among these alternative extraction processes, microwave assisted extraction (MAE) stands out for facilitating the obtaining of phytochemicals, increasing extraction yield, efficiency and selectivity with reduced processing times [MC Búbalo and col., Food and Bioproducts Processing; 2018, 109, 52-73; P. Panja et al., Current Opinion in Food Science, 2018, 23, 173-182; JE Wong-Paz et al., In AM Grumezescu, & AM Holban ( Eds.), Elsevier, 2017, 229-252].

Although MAE extraction can be done by combining microwave heating with the use of added solvents, it can also be done by removing them from the process, such as by inserting a glass device into the microwave oven cavity to collect the solvent. plant extract derived from the raw material used [ F. Chemat et al., WO 2012/156361 A1], Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity Assisted Hydrodiffusion (MHG) [F. Chemat et al., EP 1955749 A] is a more developed technique in which water in situ in tissue cells acts as a transport medium for high-value compounds, especially polar and weakly polar phytomolecules derived from samples. treated [M. Sixt et al., Comptes Rendus Chimie; 2016, 19 ( 6), 733-748], merging microwave heating with terrestrial gravity at atmospheric pressure in an operation unit. It is characterized by requiring reduced extraction costs as its energy consumption and time requirements Lower operating times compared to other extraction techniques. This system is developed in a simple way in a single stage in a safe, robust and controlled way. In this process, no waste is generated, so post-treatment is not required, favoring a lower environmental impact of the production process [N. Bousbia et al., Journal of Food Engineering, 2009a, 90 ( 3), 409-413; N. Bousbia et al., Food Chemistry, 2009b, 114 ( 1), 355-362; F. Chemat et al., International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2012, 13 ( 7), 8615-8627].

MHG is an attractive alternative to obtain bioactive fractions from natural resources in a sustainable way in contrast to conventional techniques [SE Razzaghi, et al., Journal of Food Engineering, 2019, 241, 26-32], This technology allows obtaining essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants [PHD Nguyen et al., Journal of Food Process Engineering, 2019, 42 ( 3), e12996], citrus [M. Boukroufa et al., Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2015, 24, 72-79] and lignocellulosic materials [A. Meullemiestre et al., Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2014, 5 ( 2), 283-292], The extraction and separation of volatile and non-volatile compounds in situ from these fractions can be carried out by attaching a cooling and recovery device to the evacuation point presented by the MHG equipment [F. Chemat et al., WO 2019/106313 A1], Fruit juice extraction is another possible application of the MHG technique [M. Turk et al., LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2017, 84, 626-633], as well as the extraction of compounds of interest from agricultural resources [P. Rodríguez-Seoane et al., LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2019, 101, 774-782] or marine and industrial waste [HK Ravi et al. ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, 2018, 6 ( 3), 4185-4193].

The use of extracts obtained by MHG in the formulation and manufacture of personal care products is not described. The use of aqueous extracts derived from this extraction technique has outstanding potential in the cosmetic field, since there is a growing demand for products enriched with bioactive compounds derived from botanical sources of interest in order to replace the use of ingredients and/or synthetic additives [J. Kozlowska et al., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 129, 952-956; Z. Rafiee et al., Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2019, 88, 445-458], This practice can counteract the increase in people with atopic diseases or allergies caused by the use of artificial products and the use of phytochemical extracts can favor consumer skin care due to its beneficial properties such as moisturizing, photoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial or anti-aging, among others [CR Afonso et al., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2019, 132, 1262-1273; J. Morone et al., Algal Research, 2019, 41, 101541; E. Wongwad et al., Industrial Crops and Products, 2019, 138, 111448].

Explanation of the invention

The object of the present invention is an aqueous extract with antioxidant capacity obtained from different plant raw materials and/or fungal fruiting bodies with a high content of compounds with antioxidant capacity, such as flowers of Cytisus scoparius L., mushrooms of Pleurotus ostreatus ( Jacq .) P. Kumm., leaves of Brassica rapa L. var. Rapa and acorns of Quercus robur L. and procedure by microwave assisted hydrodiffusion ( Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity, MHG) and its use as a cosmetic agent.

It describes, among other things, new aqueous extracts obtained from plant materials and/or fruiting bodies of fungi with a high content of compounds with antioxidant capacity and relevant firming, depigmenting and ultraviolet radiation absorption properties, which means that they can be used as cosmetic agents. Also A procedure for obtaining these aqueous extracts by microwave-assisted hydrodiffusion ( Microwave Hydrodiffusion and Gravity, MHG) is described, which allows bioactive compounds to be obtained from the different plant raw materials and/or fruiting bodies of fungi in an environmentally friendly manner. , without using equivalents of gallic acid/g dry weight of raw material,

- an antioxidant capacity between 0.20 and 0.75 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.37 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.80 mg of iron sulfate (II) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 3.80 and 92.40% and

- a fraction of total carotenoids below 3.50 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material.

In a preferred embodiment, when the raw material used is the flowers of the genus Cytisus, the aqueous extract obtained is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a value of total solids content between 1.94 and 2.38 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a monosaccharide value below 0.38 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.09 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.05 mg galactose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.02 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.50 mg arabinose/g dry weight of raw material, and below 0.46 mg mannose/g dry weight of raw material,

- an oligosaccharide value between 48.89 and 59.80 mg of rhamnose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 3.08 and 3.77 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a value total protein below 0.43 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of raw material,

- a total lipid value between 484.56 and 544.26 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a sun protection factor value below 0.23,

- a pH value between 2.80 and 3.44,

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 81.00 and 90.11, between 0.58 and 0.72, and between -1.30 and -1.58, respectively, a fraction total phenolic below 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material,

- an antioxidant capacity below 0.0.75 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.37 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.79 mg of iron sulfate (II) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 7.65 and 9.35% and

- a fraction of total carotenoids between 2.80 and 3.44 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material.

In a preferred embodiment, when the raw material used is mushrooms of the Pleurotus genus, the aqueous extract obtained is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a value of total solids content between 4.60 and 5.5 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a monosaccharide value below 0.70 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.19 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, for below 0.08 mg galactose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.15 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, between 5.49 and 6.72 mg mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 1.15 and 1.41 mg of fructose/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- an oligosaccharide value between 515.10 and 6.29.58 mg of rhamnose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 1.89 and 2.33 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a total protein content between 1.40 and 1.72 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a total lipid value between 345.84 and 422.70 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a sun protection factor value below 0.07,

- a pH value between 4.79 and 5.87,

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* (red coordinate yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0)) between 81.06 and 90.08, between 0.63 and 0.79 and between -1.43 and -1.75, respectively, a phenolic fraction total below 0.19 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material,

- an antioxidant capacity below 0.23 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.11 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.25 mg of iron (II) sulphate ) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 3.82 and 4.68% and

- a fraction of total carotenoids below 1.13 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material.

In a preferred embodiment, when the raw material used is the leaves of the Brassica genus, the aqueous extract obtained is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a value of total solids content between 2.95 and 3.61 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a monosaccharide value below 0.36 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.19 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.14 mg galactose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.06 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.48 mg arabinose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.94 mg mannose/g dry weight of raw material and below 0.68 mg fructose/g dry weight of raw material,

- an oligosaccharide value below 0.09 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, between 539.27 and 659.40 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, between 3.25 and 3.98 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 635.42 and 776.64 mg of fructose/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a total protein value between 1.88 and 2.30 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a total lipid value between 211.46 and 258.45 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a sun protection factor value below 0.05,

- a pH value between 4.16 and 5.08,

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 81.03 and 90.05, between 0.63 and 0.79 and between -1.48 and -1.80, respectively, a total phenolic fraction below 0.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material and

- an antioxidant capacity below 0.48 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.17 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.38 mg of iron (II) sulphate ) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 4.54 and 5.56%.

In a preferred embodiment, when the raw material used is acorns of the Quercus genus, the aqueous extract obtained is characterized by having the following physical-chemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a total solids content value below 0.54 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a monosaccharide value below 0.02 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.005 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.02 mg galactose /g raw material dry weight, below 0.04 mg rhamnose/g raw material dry weight, below 0.08 mg arabinose/g raw material dry weight, below of 0.86 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material and less than 0.04 mg of fructose/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- an oligosaccharide value below 0.04 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, between 6.44 and 7.88 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0, 02 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material and below 1.31mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a total protein value below 0.10 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a total lipid value between 705.50 and 862.28 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a sun protection factor value below 0.13,

- a pH value between 3.78 and 4.62,

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* (red coordinate yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0)) between 80.32 and 90.18, between 0.55 and 0.69 and between -0.61 and -0.75, respectively,

- a total phenolic fraction below 0.23 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material,

- an antioxidant capacity below 0.32 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.31 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.666 mg of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate /g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 75.56 and 92.36%, with an average effective concentration between 0.04 and 0.06 g dry weight/100 g sample (equivalent to between 0.60 and 0.74 mM ascorbic acid),

- a fraction of total carotenoids below 0.50 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material and

- a mean effective concentration of inhibition of the enzyme elastase between 545.40 and 666.60 mg extract/L (equivalent to between 2.07 and 2.53 mg epigallocatechin gallate/L) and of the enzyme tyrosinase between 446.40 and 545.60 mg extract/L (equivalent to between 83.70 and 102.30 mg kojic acid/L.).

Another aspect of the invention is the process for obtaining these extracts from plant raw materials and/or fruiting bodies of fungi, which comprises the following steps:

a) Conditioning of the vegetable raw material and/or fruiting bodies of fungi with a high content of compounds with antioxidant capacity.

b) Extraction of aqueous extracts using the MHG technique applying a power density of 1 W/g for 80-170 min, reaching a maximum temperature between 75 - 102°C.

c) Characterization and storage of the aqueous extracts carried out at refrigeration temperature between 4 - 6°C in the absence of light.

A preferred embodiment is that the vegetable raw materials/or fungal fruiting bodies used in step a) of conditioning the raw material must comprise a high content of compounds with antioxidant capacity, such as Cytisus scoparius L. flowers, or mushrooms of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm., or leaves of Brassica rapa L. var. rapa or acorns of Quercus robur.

A more preferred embodiment is that the vegetable raw materials used in step a) of conditioning the raw material in the case of flowers of the genus Cytisus, mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus and/or leaves of the genus Brassica, are stored frozen and must be perform a thawing step.

Another more preferred embodiment is that the vegetable raw materials used in stage a) of conditioning the raw material when it comes to fruits such as Quercus robur acorns, must include a cutting stage consisting of dividing the fruit into quarters same.

Another aspect of the invention is the use of the extracts obtained from these vegetable raw materials and/or fruiting bodies of fungi in the composition of a cosmetic product formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water characterized by:

- a total solids content value between 0.25 and 0.42 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 1155.00 - 6275.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 1.72 - 9.40 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 4.40 and 7.40 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 72.00 and 116.00, between -6.40 and -4.82, and between 4.80 and 9.10, respectively.

In a preferred embodiment, when the antioxidant aqueous extract derived from flowers of the genus Cytisus is used in the composition of personal care products formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water, the cosmetic product is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a total solids content value between 0.27 and 0.38 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 2618.00 - 5133.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 1.92 - 3.87 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 4.93 and 6.63 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) * between 80.00 and 104.00, between -6.40 and -5.99, and between 5.50 and 8.00, respectively.

In a preferred embodiment, when the antioxidant aqueous extract derived from mushrooms of the Pleurotus genus is used in the composition of personal care products formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water, the cosmetic product is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a value of total solids content between 0.29 and 0.39 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 2178.00 - 5702.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 3.34 - 7.20 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 5.08 and 6.60 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 80.00 and 104.02, between -6.40 and -4.82 and between 6.74 and 7.72 respectively.

In a preferred embodiment, when the antioxidant aqueous extract derived from leaves of the Brassica genus is used in the composition of personal care products formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water, the cosmetic product is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a value of total solids content between 0.28 and 0.38 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 1285.00 - 4520.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 2.31 - 8.23 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 5.11 and 6.62 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow coordinate (b* > 0/blue (b* < 0)) between 80.24 and 104.10, between -6.35 and -5.93 and between 6.80 and 7.96, respectively.

In a preferred embodiment, when the antioxidant aqueous extract derived from acorns of the Quercus genus is used in the composition of personal care products formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water, the cosmetic product is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a value of total solids content between 0.28 and 0.38 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 2638.81 - 4638.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 1.93 - 8.53 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 5.21 and 6.66 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* (red coordinate yellow (b* > 0/blue (b* < 0)) between 80.32 and 104.00, between -6.38 and -4.91 and between 5.50 and 8.12, respectively.

Brief description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a drawing is attached as an integral part of said description, where the following has been represented for illustrative and non-limiting purposes:

Drawing 1.- Processing diagram of the samples of C. scoparius, P. ostreatus, B. rapa and Q. robur. The characterization steps may include the determination of the following parameters:

- antioxidant capacity, evaluated by the methods of trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-dipheniM-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity,

- ability to inhibit the enzymes elastase and tyrosinase,

- composition of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides,

- total phenolic content,

- total solid content,

- total content of carotenoids,

- total lipid content,

- total protein content,

- chromatic coordinates,

- sun protection factor or

- pH.

Preferred embodiment of the invention

The extracts obtained by the MHG extraction technique were characterized. Their use as cosmetic agents with antioxidant function and ultraviolet filter was evaluated, when incorporated in the formulation of moisturizing creams with sun protection made with different thermal waters and/or distilled water. A schematic describing this procedure appears in Drawing 1.

Obtaining procedure

Vegetable raw materials from C. scoparius, P. ostreatus and B. rapa were stored at -18°C until use. For this, they were thawed at refrigeration temperature. Q. robur acorns were kept at room temperature by dividing them into equal quarters prior to extraction.

The procedure for obtaining aqueous extracts by MHG from these plant raw materials involved the use of a power density of 1 W/g for 80-170 min in a NEOS-GR microwave extractor (Milestone Srl, Italy). The volume obtained ranged between approximately 25 and 86 mL, reaching maximum temperatures between 82 and 102°C. The vegetable raw materials and/or fruiting bodies of fungi used presented a percentage of humidity between 28 - 92%, so that by means of this technology between 67 - 100% of the initial water volume was recovered. Likewise, the estimated energy consumption varied between 486 - 990 kJ, equivalent to between 108 and 220 g of CO ² emitted into the atmosphere.

The extracts obtained by MHG were stored refrigerated at 4°C in the dark to avoid possible alterations until their analytical characterization. These extracts presented the following physicochemical characteristics:

- a value of total solids content between 0.40 and 5.5 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a monosaccharide value below 0.70 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.20 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.15 mg galactose/g raw material dry weight, below 0.15 mg rhamnose/g raw material dry weight, below 0.50 mg arabinose/g raw material dry weight, below 7.00 mg mannose/g dry weight of raw material and below 1.50 mg fructose/g dry weight of raw material,

- an oligosaccharide value below 0.10 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, between 6.30 and 660.00 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, below 4, 00 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material, between 1.00 and 2.40 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material and below 780.00 mg of O-fructose/g of weight raw material dry,

- a total protein value below 2.4 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a total lipid value such as between 210.00 and 865.00 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a sun protection factor value below 0.23,

- a pH value of 2.80 and 5.70,

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* (red coordinate yellow (b* > 0/blue (b* < 0)) between 80.30 and 91.00, between 0.55 and 0.80 and between -1.80 and -0.61, respectively, a total phenolic fraction between 0.16 and 0.23 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material,

- an antioxidant capacity between 0.21 and 0.68 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, between 0.10 and 0.33 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or between 0.22 and 0.71 mg of iron sulfate (II) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 4.25 and 83.96% and

- a fraction of total carotenoids between 0.45 and 3.12 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material.

The extracts obtained by MHG were used in the elaboration of a cosmetic formulation formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water.

Formulation and characterization of a moisturizing cream with sun protection enriched with the obtained MHG extracts

The thermal waters with which the O/W emulsion was made were collected at their emission points (three different points in the province of Ourense) and stored in plastic bottles and kept at 4°C in the laboratory. The electrical conductivity values of the waters were determined by a conductivity meter HI 9033 (Hanna Instruments Ltd Eden Way, United Kingdom) at room temperature. The determination of the pH, the level of total solid content and the color characteristics of the different waters used were measured as indicated above.

The thermal waters studied presented pH values between 6.61 and 8.33. Its conductivity and total solids content ranged between 1131.00 and 3524.00 pS and below 0.50 mg extract /mL. These waters presented a hue angle value between 122.72 and 150.50°, a chromaticity between 5.02 and 6.14 and a saturation below 0.07; these magnitudes were defined by the chromatic L* (brightness, from 0 (whiteness degree) to 100 (brightness degree)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a*< 0)) and b* (yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 80.61 and 98.51, between -3.82 and -4.67, and between 3.27 and 4.01, respectively.

The pH, total solids content, sun protection factor, color and viscosity characteristics were properties that were examined in the freshly made creams. An accelerated oxidation test was carried out at 50°C for 15 days to evaluate the effect of high temperature and storage time on the pH values, total solid content and color of the creams.

The creams made with the different MHG extracts and formulated with the different waters used presented the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a total solids content value between 0.25 and 0.42 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 1155.00 - 6275.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 1.72 - 9.40 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 4.40 and 7.40 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 72.00 and 116.00, between -4.70 and -6.50, and between 4.80 and 9.10, respectively.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

examples

Example 1

Aqueous extract of C. scopanus, obtained by MHG, incorporated in moisturizing cream with sun protection formulated with thermal water.

Thawed flowers of C. scoparius were subjected to an MHG extractive process applying a power density of 1 W/g between 135 and 165 minutes. The volume obtained was below 0.68 mL/g of raw material, recovering between 67.61 and 82.65% of the water present in the initial sample. The maximum temperature reached was between 82 and 102°C. This extraction method consumed approximately between 8.01 and 9.90 kJ/g of raw material, which is equivalent to between 1.80 and 2.20 g of CO ² emitted into the atmosphere/g of raw material.

Antioxidant aqueous extract obtained from this raw material is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical characteristics:

- a value of total solids content between 1.94 and 2.38 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a monosaccharide value below 0.38 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.09 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.05 mg galactose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.02 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.50 mg arabinose/g dry weight of raw material, and below 0.46 mg mannose/g dry weight of raw material,

- an oligosaccharide value between 48.89 and 59.80 mg of rhamnose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 3.08 and 3.77 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a value total protein below 0.43 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of raw material,

- a total lipid value between 484.56 and 544.26 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a sun protection factor value below 0.23,

- a pH value below 3.44,

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 81.00 and 90.11, between 0.58 and 0.72, and between -1.30 and -1.58, respectively, a fraction total phenolic below 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material,

- an antioxidant capacity below 0.0.75 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.37 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.79 mg of iron sulfate (II) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 7.65 and 9.35% and

- a fraction of total carotenoids between 2.80 and 3.44 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material.

This MHG extract was incorporated into a cosmetic formulation formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water characterized by having the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a total solids content value between 0.27 and 0.38 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 2618.00 - 5133.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 1.92 - 3.87 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 4.93 and 6.63 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) * between 80.00 and 104.00, between -6.40 and -5.99, and between 5.50 and 8.00, respectively.

Example 2

Aqueous extract of P. ostreatus, obtained by MHG, incorporated in moisturizing cream with sun protection formulated with thermal water.

Thawed P. ostreatus mushrooms were subjected to an MHG extractive process applying a power density of 1 W/g between 108 and 132 minutes. The maximum temperature reached was between 79 and 97°C. The volume obtained was below 0.86 mL/g of raw material, recovering between 78.49 and 95.94% of the water present in the initial sample. This extraction method consumed approximately between 6.48 and 7.92 kJ/g of raw material, which is equivalent to between 1.44 and 1.76 g of CO ² emitted into the atmosphere/g of raw material.

Antioxidant aqueous extract obtained from this raw material is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical characteristics:

- a value of total solids content between 4.60 and 5.5 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a monosaccharide value below 0.70 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.19 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.08 mg of galactose/g of dry weight of the raw material, below 0.15 mg of rhamnose/g of dry weight of the raw material, between 5.49 and 6.72 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material raw material and between 1.15 and 1.41 mg of fructose/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- an oligosaccharide value between 515.10 and 6.29.58 mg of rhamnose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 1.89 and 2.33 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a total protein content between 1.40 and 1.72 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a total lipid value between 345.84 and 422.70 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a sun protection factor value below 0.07,

- a pH value between 4.79 and 5.87,

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* (red coordinate yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0)) between 81.06 and 90.08, between 0.63 and 0.79 and between -1.43 and -1.75, respectively, a phenolic fraction total below 0.19 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material,

- an antioxidant capacity below 0.23 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.11 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.25 mg of iron (II) sulphate ) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 3.82 and 4.68% and

- a fraction of total carotenoids below 1.13 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material.

This MHG extract was incorporated into a cosmetic formulation formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water characterized by having the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a value of total solids content between 0.29 and 0.39 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 2178.00 - 5702.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 3.34 - 7.20 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 5.08 and 6.60 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* (red coordinate yellow (b* > 0/blue (b* < 0)) between 80.00 and 104.02, between -6.40 and -4.82 and between 6.74 and 7.72, respectively.

Example 3

Aqueous extract of B. rapa, obtained by MHG, incorporated in moisturizing cream with sun protection formulated with thermal water.

Thawed leaves of B. rapa were subjected to an MHG extractive process applying a power density of 1 W/g between 108 and 132 minutes. The maximum temperature reached was between 78 and 96°C. The volume obtained was below 0.84 mL/g of raw material, recovering between 75.71 and 92.54% of the water present in the initial sample. This extraction method consumed approximately between 6.48 and 7.92 kJ/g of raw material, which is equivalent to between 1.44 and 1.76 g of CO ² emitted into the atmosphere/g of raw material.

Antioxidant aqueous extract obtained from this raw material is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical characteristics:

- a value of total solids content between 2.95 and 3.61 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a monosaccharide value below 0.36 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.19 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.14 mg galactose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.06 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.48 mg arabinose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.94 mg mannose/g dry weight of raw material and below 0.68 mg fructose/g dry weight of raw material,

- an oligosaccharide value below 0.09 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, between 539.27 and 659.40 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, between 3.25 and 3.98 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 635.42 and 776.64 mg of fructose/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a total protein value between 1.88 and 2.30 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a total lipid value between 211.46 and 258.45 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a sun protection factor value below 0.05,

- a pH value between 4.16 and 5.08,

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* (red coordinate yellow (b* > 0/blue (b* < 0)) between 81.03 and 90.05, between 0.63 and 0.79 and between -1.48 and -1.80, respectively, a total phenolic fraction below 0.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material and

- an antioxidant capacity below 0.48 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.17 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.38 mg of iron (II) sulphate ) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 4.54 and 5.56%.

This MHG extract was incorporated into a cosmetic formulation formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water characterized by having the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a value of total solids content between 0.28 and 0.38 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 1285.00 - 4520.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 2.31 - 8.23 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 5.11 and 6.62 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 80.24 and 104.10, between -6.35 and -5.93 and between 6.80 and 7.96, respectively.

Example 4

Aqueous extract of Q. robur, obtained by MHG, incorporated in moisturizing cream with sun protection formulated with thermal water.

Acorns divided into four equal parts of Q. robur were subjected to an MHG extractive process applying a power density of 1 W/g between 81 and 99 minutes. The maximum temperature reached was between 75 and 93°C. The volume obtained was below 0.34 mL/g of raw material, recovering between 87.02 and 100.00% of the water present in the initial sample. This extraction method consumed approximately between 4.86 and 5.94 kJ/g of raw material, which is equivalent to between 1.08 and 1.32 g of CO ² emitted into the atmosphere/g of raw material.

Antioxidant aqueous extract obtained from this raw material is characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical characteristics:

- a total solids content value below 0.54 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a monosaccharide value below 0.02 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.005 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.02 mg galactose /g raw material dry weight, below 0.04 mg rhamnose/g raw material dry weight, below 0.08 mg arabinose/g raw material dry weight, below of 0.86 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material and less than 0.04 mg of fructose/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- an oligosaccharide value below 0.04 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, between 6.44 and 7.88 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0, 02 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material and below 1.31mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a total protein value below 0.10 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material,

- a total lipid value between 705.50 and 862.28 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material,

- a sun protection factor value below 0.13,

- a pH value between 3.78 and 4.62,

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 80.32 and 90.18, between 0.55 and 0.69 and between -0.61 and -0.75, respectively,

- a total phenolic fraction below 0.23 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material,

- an antioxidant capacity below 0.32 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.31 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.666 mg of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate /g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 75.56 and 92.36%, with an average effective concentration between 0.04 and 0.06 g dry weight/100 g sample (equivalent to between 0.60 and 0.74 mM ascorbic acid),

- a fraction of total carotenoids below 0.50 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material and

- an average effective concentration of inhibition of the enzyme elastase between 545.40 and 666.60 mg extract/L (equivalent to between 2.07 and 2.53 mg epigallocatechin gallate/L) and of the enzyme tyrosinase between 446.40 and 545.60 mg extract/L (equivalent to between 83.70 and 102.30 mg kojic acid/L).

This MHG extract was incorporated into a cosmetic formulation formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water characterized by having the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition:

- a value of total solids content between 0.28 and 0.38 g dry weight/g cream,

- a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35,

- viscosity values at 25°C between 2638.81 - 4638.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 1.93 - 8.53 Pas (100 rad/s),

- a pH value between 5.21 and 6.66 and

- values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* (yellow coordinate (b* > 0/blue (b* < 0)) between 80.32 and 104.00, between -6.38 and -4.91 and between 5.50 and 8.12, respectively.

Claims (15)

1. Antioxidant aqueous extracts from plant raw materials and/or fungal fruiting bodies that must contain a high content of compounds with antioxidant capacity, such as Cytisus scoparius L. flowers or Brassica rapa L. var. rapa or acorns of Quercus robur, or fruiting bodies of fungi such as mushrooms of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm characterized by comprising the following physicochemical composition: - a value of total solids content between 0.40 and 5.5 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material, - a monosaccharide value below 0.70 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.20 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.15 mg galactose/g raw material dry weight, below 0.15 mg rhamnose/g raw material dry weight, below 0.50 mg arabinose/g raw material dry weight, below 7.00 mg mannose/g dry weight of raw material and below 1.50 mg fructose/g dry weight of raw material, - an oligosaccharide value below 0.10 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, between 6.30 and 660.00 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, below 4, 00 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material, between 1.00 and 2.40 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material and below 780.00 mg of O-fructose/g of weight raw material dry, - a total protein value below 2.4 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material, - a total lipid value such as between 210.00 and 865.00 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a sun protection factor value below 0.23, - a pH value of 2.80 and 5.70, - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 80.30 and 91.00, between 0.55 and 0.80 and between -1.80 and -0.61, respectively, - a total phenolic fraction between 0.15 and 0.24 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material, - an antioxidant capacity between 0.20 and 0.75 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.37 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.80 mg of iron sulfate (II) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 3.80 and 92.40% and - a fraction of total carotenoids below 3.50 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material. 2. Aqueous antioxidant extract according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition when the plant raw materials are flowers of the Cytisus scoparius species: - a value of total solids content between 1.94 and 2.38 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material, - a monosaccharide value below 0.38 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.09 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.05 mg of galactose/g of dry weight of the raw material, below 0.02 mg of rhamnose/g of dry weight of the raw material, below 0.50 mg of arabinose/g dry weight of raw material and below 0.46 mg mannose/g dry weight of raw material, - an oligosaccharide value between 48.89 and 59.80 mg of rhamnose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 3.08 and 3.77 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a value total protein below 0.43 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of raw material, - a total lipid value between 484.56 and 544.26 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a sun protection factor value below 0.23, - a pH value below 3.44, - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 81.00 and 90.11, between 0.58 and 0.72, and between -1.30 and -1.58, respectively, - a total phenolic fraction below 0.26 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material, - an antioxidant capacity below 0.0.75 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.37 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.79 mg of iron sulfate (II) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 7.65 and 9.35% and - a fraction of total carotenoids between 2.80 and 3.44 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material. 3. Aqueous antioxidant extract according to claim 1 characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition when the fruiting bodies raw materials are mushrooms of the Pleurotus ostreatus species: - a value of total solids content between 4.60 and 5.5 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material, - a monosaccharide value below 0.70 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.19 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.08 mg of galactose/g of dry weight of the raw material, below 0.15 mg of rhamnose/g of dry weight of the raw material, between 5.49 and 6.72 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material raw material and between 1.15 and 1.41 mg of fructose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - an oligosaccharide value between 515.10 and 6.29.58 mg of rhamnose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 1.89 and 2.33 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a total protein content between 1.40 and 1.72 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material, - a total lipid value between 345.84 and 422.70 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a sun protection factor value below 0.07, - a pH value between 4.79 and 5.87, - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 81.06 and 90.08, between 0.63 and 0.79 and between -1.43 and -1.75, respectively, - a total phenolic fraction below 0.19 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material, - an antioxidant capacity below 0.23 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.11 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.25 mg of iron sulfate (II) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 3.82 and 4.68% and - a fraction of total carotenoids below 1.13 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material. 4. Aqueous antioxidant extract according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition when the plant raw materials are leaves of the Brassica rapa species: - a value of total solids content between 2.95 and 3.61 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material, - a monosaccharide value below 0.36 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.19 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.14 mg galactose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.06 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, less than 0.48 mg arabinose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.94 mg mannose/g dry weight of raw material and below 0.68 mg fructose/g dry weight of raw material, - an oligosaccharide value below 0.09 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, between 539.27 and 659.40 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, between 3.25 and 3.98 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material and between 635.42 and 776.64 mg of fructose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a total protein value between 1.88 and 2.30 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material, - a total lipid value between 211.46 and 258.45 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a sun protection factor value below 0.05, - a pH value between 4.16 and 5.08, - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 81.03 and 90.05, between 0.63 and 0.79 and between -1.48 and -1.80, respectively, - a total phenolic fraction below 0.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material and - an antioxidant capacity below 0.48 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.17 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.38 mg of iron (II) sulphate ) heptahydrate/g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 4.54 and 5.56%. 5. Aqueous antioxidant extract according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition when the plant raw materials are acorns of the Quercus robur species. - a total solids content value below 0.54 mg extract/g dry weight of the raw material, - a monosaccharide value below 0.02 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.005 mg xylose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.02 mg galactose /g raw material dry weight, below 0.04 mg rhamnose/g raw material dry weight, below 0.08 mg arabinose/g raw material dry weight, below of 0.86 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material and less than 0.04 mg of fructose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - an oligosaccharide value below 0.04 mg glucose/g dry weight of raw material, between 6.44 and 7.88 mg rhamnose/g dry weight of raw material, below 0, 02 mg of arabinose/g of dry weight of the raw material and below 1.31 mg of mannose/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a total protein value below 0.10 mg bovine serum albumin/g dry weight of the raw material, - a total lipid value between 705.50 and 862.28 g of lauric acid/g of dry weight of the raw material, - a sun protection factor value below 0.13, - a pH value between 3.78 and 4.62, - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 80.32 and 90.18, between 0.55 and 0.69 and between -0.61 and -0.75, respectively, - a total phenolic fraction below 0.23 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of raw material, - an antioxidant capacity below 0.32 mg Trolox/g dry weight of raw material, below 0.31 mg ascorbic acid/g dry weight of raw material or below 0.666 mg of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate /g dry weight of raw material and an inhibition percentage between 75.56 and 92.36%, with an average effective concentration between 0.04 and 0.06 g dry weight/100 g sample (equivalent to between 0.60 and 0.74 mM ascorbic acid), - a fraction of total carotenoids below 0.50 pg p-carotene/g dry weight of raw material and - an average effective concentration of inhibition of the enzyme elastase between 545.40 and 666.60 mg extract/L (equivalent to between 2.07 and 2.53 mg epigallocatechin gallate/L) and of the enzyme tyrosinase between 446.40 and 545.60 mg extract/L (equivalent to between 83.70 and 102.30 mg kojic acid/L). 6. Procedure for obtaining aqueous antioxidant extracts from plant raw materials and/or fruiting bodies of fungi characterized by comprising the following stages: a) Conditioning of the vegetable raw material and/or fruiting bodies of fungi. b) Extraction using the MHG technique applying a power density of 1 W/g for 80-170 min, reaching a maximum temperature between 75 - 102°C. c) Characterization and storage of the aqueous extracts carried out at refrigeration temperature between 4 - 6°C in the absence of light. 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that, if vegetable raw materials such as flowers of the genus Cytisus and/or leaves of the genus Brassica and/or fruiting bodies of fungi such as mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus are used in stage a), the raw material must undergo a thawing stage. 8. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that, if fruits such as acorns of the genus Quercus are used as raw material in stage a), the raw material must undergo a cutting stage, dividing the fruit into four equal parts. 9. Use of the antioxidant aqueous extracts characterized according to claims 1 to 5 as a cosmetic agent in cosmetic composition formulations for skin care, as absorbers of ultraviolet radiation. 10. Use of the antioxidant aqueous extracts characterized according to claims 1 to 5 as a cosmetic agent in cosmetic composition formulations as firming and depigmenting agents. 11. Cosmetic composition formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water characterized by comprising the aqueous extract according to claims 1 to 5 with the following physicochemical and thermomechanical composition: - a total solids content value between 0.25 and 0.42 g dry weight/g cream, - a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35, - viscosity values at 25°C between 1155.00 - 6275.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 1.72 - 9.40 Pas (100 rad/s), - a pH value between 4.40 and 7.40 and - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 72.00 and 116.00, between -4.70 and -6.50, and between 4.80 and 9.10, respectively. 12. Cosmetic composition formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water according to claim 11, characterized by comprising the following physicochemical composition when it is enriched with the extract derived from the flowers of the Cytisus scoparius species: - a total solids content value between 0.27 and 0.38 g dry weight/g cream, - a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35, - viscosity values at 25°C between 2618.00 - 5133.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 1.92 - 3.87 Pas (100 rad/s), - a pH value between 4.93 and 6.63 and - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) * between 80.00 and 104.00, between -6.40 and -5.99, and between 5.50 and 8.00, respectively. 13. Cosmetic composition formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water according to claim 11, characterized by comprising the following physicochemical composition when it is enriched with the extract derived from mushrooms of the Pleurotus ostreatus species: - a value of total solids content between 0.29 and 0.39 g dry weight/g cream, - a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35, - viscosity values at 25°C between 2178.00 - 5702.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 3.34 - 7.20 Pas (100 rad/s), - a pH value between 5.08 and 6.60 and - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 80.00 and 104.02, between -6.40 and -4.82 and between 6.74 and 7.72 respectively. 14. Cosmetic composition formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water according to claim 11, characterized by comprising the following physicochemical composition when it is enriched with the extract derived from the leaves of the Brassica rapa species: - a value of total solids content between 0.28 and 0.38 g dry weight/g cream, - a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35, - viscosity values at 25°C between 1285.00 - 4520.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 2.31 - 8.23 Pas (100 rad/s), - a pH value between 5.11 and 6.62 and - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 80.24 and 104.10, between -6.35 and -5.93 and between 6.80 and 7.96, respectively. 15. Cosmetic composition formulated with thermal waters and/or distilled water according to claim 11, characterized by comprising the following physicochemical composition when it is enriched with the extract derived from the acorns of the Quercus robur species. - a value of total solids content between 0.28 and 0.38 g dry weight/g cream, - a sun protection factor value between 5.19 and 6.35, - viscosity values at 25°C between 2638.81 - 4638.00 Pas (0.14 rad/s) and 1.93 - 8.53 Pas (100 rad/s), - a pH value between 5.21 and 6.66 and - values of the chromatic coordinates L* (brightness, from 0 (degree of whiteness) to 100 (degree of luminosity)), a* (red coordinate (a* > 0)/green (a* < 0)) and b* ( yellow (b* > 0)/blue (b* < 0) coordinate) between 80.32 and 104.00, between -6.38 and -4.91 and between 5.50 and 8.12, respectively.