ES2788140A2 - Distributed photobiomodulation therapy system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

A phototherapy system includes a channel driver, a first microcontroller and a pad comprising a string of light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The pad also comprises a second microcontroller that autonomously controls the string of LEDs such that the LEDs are controlled even if communication between the first microcontroller and the pad is interrupted.

Description

DESCRIPTION

DISTRIBUTED PHOTOBIOMODULATION THERAPY

SYSTEM AND METHOD

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from US Provisional Application No. 62 / 653,846, entitled "Distributed Photobiomodulation Therapy System and Method," filed April 6, 2018.

This application is related to the following applications: International Application No. PCT / US2015 / 015547, entitled "Sinusoidal drive system and method for phototherapy," filed on February 12, 2015; International Application No. PCT / US2016 / 058064, entitled “Flexible 3D Printed Circuit Board with Redundant Interconnections,” filed October 21, 2016; and US application no. 16 / 377,192, entitled "Distributed photobiomodulation therapy devices and methods, biofeedback and communication protocols", filed on April 6, 2019.

Each of the foregoing applications and patents is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Field of invention

This invention relates to biotechnology for medical and healthcare applications, including photobiomodulation, phototherapy, and photobiomodulation therapy (PBT).

Related art discussion

Biophotonics is the biomedical field related to the electronic control of photons, that is, light, and their interaction with living cells and tissues. Biophotonics includes surgery, imaging, biometrics, disease detection, and photobiomodulation (PBM). Photobiomodulation therapy (PBT), also known as phototherapy, is the controlled application of photons of light, typically infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light to invoke photobiomodulation for medical therapeutic purposes that include fighting injury, illness, pain, and discomfort. of the immune system. More specifically, PBT involves subjecting cells and tissues undergoing treatment to a stream of photons of specific wavelengths of light, as either continuously or in repeated discontinuous pulses to control energy transfer and absorption behavior of living cells and tissues.

FIGURE. 1 illustrates elements of a PBT system capable of operating with continuous or pulsed light that includes an LED controller 1 that controls and activates the LEDs as a source of photons 3 emanating from an LED pad 2 in the tissue 5 for the patient. Although a human brain is shown as tissue 5, any organ, tissue or physiological system can be treated using PBT. Before and after, or during treatment, a doctor or clinician 7 can adjust the treatment by controlling the settings of the LED controller 1 according to the observations of the LED controller 1.

While there are many potential mechanisms, as shown in FIGURE. 2, it is generally accepted that the dominant photobiological process 22 responsible for photobiomodulation during PBT treatment using red and infrared light occurs within the mitochondrion 21, an organelle present in every eukaryotic cell 20 comprising both plants and animals, including birds , mammals, horses and humans. . According to current knowledge, the photobiological process 22 involves a photon 23 striking a molecule 24 of cytochrome-c oxidase (CCO), which acts as a battery charger by increasing the cellular energy content by transforming adenosine monophosphate (AMP). into a higher energy adenosine diphosphate (ADP) molecule, and convert the ADP molecule into an even higher energy adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecule. In the process of increasing the energy stored in an AMP - a -ADP - a - ATP charging sequence 25, the cytochrome-c oxidase molecule 24 acts as a battery charger with the ATP molecule 26 acting as a storage cell battery of energy, a process that could be considered animal “photosynthesis”. The cytochrome-c oxidase molecule 24 is also capable of converting glucose energy resulting from the digestion of food into fuel in the ATP 25 loading sequence, or through a combination of digestion and photosynthesis. To boost cellular metabolism, the ATP 26 molecule can release energy 29 through a process of unloading from ATP to ADP to AMP 28. Energy 29 is then used to drive protein synthesis, including the formation of catalysts, enzymes , DNA polymerase, and other biomolecules.

Another aspect of the photobiological process 22 is that the molecule of cytochrome-c oxidase 24 is a scavenger of a molecule of nitric oxide (NO) 27, an important signaling molecule in neuronal communication and angiogenesis, the growth of new arteries and capillaries. . Illumination of the cytochrome-c oxidase 24 molecule in treated cells during PBT releases the NO 27 molecule in the vicinity of injured or infected tissue, thereby which increases blood flow and oxygen supply to the treated tissue, accelerating healing, tissue repair and immune response.

To make PBT and stimulate the cytochrome-c oxidase molecule 24 to absorb energy from photon 23, the intermediate tissue between the light source and the light-absorbing tissue cannot block or absorb the light. As illustrated in FIGURE. 3, The molecular absorption spectrum of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of human tissue is illustrated in a graph 40 of the absorption coefficient versus the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation A (measured in nm). Shown in FIGURE. 3 are the relative absorption coefficient s of oxygenated hemoglobin (curve 44a), deoxyg enated hemoglobin (curve 44b), cytochrome c (curves 41a, 41b), water (curve 42), and fats and lipids (curve 43) as a function of the wavelength of light. As illustrated, deoxygenated hemoglobin (curve 44b) and also oxygenated hemoglobin, ie, blood (curve 44a) strongly absorb light in the red part of the visible spectrum, especially for wavelengths less than 650 nm. At longer wavelengths in the infrared portion of the spectrum, that is, above 950 nm, EMR is absorbed by water (H ² O) which is shown as curve 42. At wavelengths between 650 nm and 950 nm, human tissue is essentially transparent, as illustrated by transparent. optical window 45.

Apart from absorption by fat and lipids (curve 43), EMR comprising photons 23 of wavelengths A within transparent optical window 45, is directly absorbed by cytochrome-c oxidase (curves 41aa, 41b). Specifically, the cytochrome-c oxidase molecule 24 absorbs the infrared portion of the spectrum represented by curve 41b unhindered by water or blood. A secondary absorption tail for cytochrome-c oxidase (curve 41a), illuminated by light in the red part of the visible spectrum, is partially blocked by the absorption properties of deoxygenated hemoglobin (curve 44b), limiting any response photobiological for deep tissue but still. activated in epithelial tissue and cells. FIGURE. 3 thus shows that PBT for the skin and internal organs and tissues requires different treatments and wavelengths of light, red for the skin and infrared for internal tissues and organs.

Present photon release systems

To achieve maximum energy coupling in the tissue during PBT, it is important to design a consistent delivery system to illuminate the tissue with photons consistently and uniformly. While the first attempts to use filtered lamps, lamps are extremely hot and uncomfortable for patients, can potentially burn patients and doctors, and are extremely difficult in maintaining a lighting uniform during treatment of extended durations. The lamps also suffer from a short lifespan, and if they are built with rarefied gases, they can also be expensive to replace regularly. Due to the filters, the lamps must be very hot to achieve the required photon flux for efficient therapy in reasonable treatment durations. Lamps without a filter, like the sun, actually offer too wide a spectrum and limit the effectiveness of photons by simultaneously stimulating both beneficial and unwanted chemical reactions, some of which involve harmful rays, especially in the ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Long periods of exposure to ultraviolet light are also known to increase the risk of getting cancer because UV light damages DNA. In the infrared spectrum, prolonged exposure to far-infrared electromagnetic radiation and heat can cause dry skin and premature aging by destroying elastin and collagen.

Alternatively, lasers have been and continue to be used to perform PBT, generally referred to by the term LLLT, an acronym for low-level laser therapy. Unlike lamps, lasers run the risk of burning the patient, not through heat, but by exposing tissue to intense concentrated optical power, also known as ablation. To avoid this problem, special care must be taken that the laser light is limited in its output power and that excessively high currents are not accidentally produced that produce dangerous light levels. A second more practical problem arises from the small "spot size" of a laser, the illuminated area. Because a laser illuminates a small focused area, it is difficult to treat large organs, muscles, or tissues, and an overwhelming condition is much easier to develop.

Another problem with laser light is that its "coherence," which prevents a laser beam from spreading out, makes it more difficult to cover large areas during treatment. Studies reveal that there is no inherent additional benefit of PBT using coherent light. For one thing, bacterial, plant and animal life evolved and naturally absorb scattered, non-coherent light, because coherent light does not occur naturally from any known light source. Second, the first two layers of epithelial tissue already destroy any optical coherence, so the coherent character of an incident laser beam is rapidly lost as it is absorbed into human or animal tissue. Laser manufacturers have promoted the premise that the optical interference patterns in laser light called "specks" arising from backscatter improve therapeutic efficacy, but no scientific evidence has been provided to support such marketing-motivated claims.

Furthermore, the optical spectrum of a laser is too narrow to fully excite all the beneficial chemical and molecular transitions necessary to achieve a high-efficiency PBT. The limited spectrum of a laser, typically a range of ± 1 nm around the center wavelength value of the laser, makes it difficult to properly excite all the beneficial chemical reactions needed in PBT. It is difficult to cover a frequency range with a narrow bandwidth optical source. For example, referring back to FIGURE. 3, the chemical reactions of chromophores (light-absorbing molecules) involved in making the absorption spectra CCO um (curve 41b) are clearly different from the reactions that give rise to the absorption tail (curve 41a). Assuming that the absorption spectra of both regions are shown to be beneficial, it is difficult to cover this wide range with an optical source that has a wavelength spectrum only 2 nm wide.

Just as sunlight has an excessively broad spectrum of wavelengths, which photobiologically excites many chemical reactions in competition with many EMR wavelengths, some even harmful, the wavelength spectrum of laser light is too narrow and does not stimulate sufficient chemical reactions to achieve full efficacy in phototherapeutic treatment. . This topic is discussed in more detail in a related application titled "Phototherapy Process and System Including a Dynamic LED Driver with Programmable Waveform", by Williams et al. (US Application No. 14 / 073,371), now US Patent No. 9,877,361, issued January 23, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference.

To deliver PBT by exciting the entire wavelength range in the transparent optical window 45, that is, the full width from about 650nm to 950nm, even if four different wavelength light sources are employed to span the range, each light source would require a bandwidth almost 80 nm wide. This is more than an order of magnitude wider than the bandwidth of a laser light source. This range is simply too wide for lasers to cover practically. Today, LEDs are commercially available to emit a wide range of light spectra from the deep infrared to the ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. With bandwidths of ± 30nm to ± 40nm, it is much easier to cover the desired spectrum with center frequencies located in the red, long red, short near infrared (NIR), and mid-NIR portions of the spectrum, for example 670nm , 750 nm, 810 nm, and 880 nm.

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBT) is clearly distinguished from photo optic therapy. As the picture shows. 4A, PBT involves direct stimulation of tissue 5 with photons 3 emitted by LED pad 2. Tissue 5 may not be related to the eyes and may understand organs associated with the endocrine and immune systems, such as kidneys, liver, glands, lymph nodes, etc. or the musculoskeletal system, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, and even bones. PBT also directly treats and repairs neurons, including the peripheral nerves, the spinal cord, as well as (as shown) the brain 5 and the brainstem. Transcranial PBT treatment penetrates the skull and shows rapid and significant therapeutic benefits in recovery from concussion and repair of damage caused by mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). In other words, PBT energy is absorbed by chromophores in cells not associated with the optic nerve. Photo-optic therapy, by contrast, relies on exciting the retina with colored light or images to invoke a cognitive or emotional response or to help synchronize the body's circadian rhythms with its environment. In such cases, the image 12 from the light source 12 stimulates the optic nerve in the eye 11 to send electrical signals, i.e., neural impulses, to the brain 5.

Several rudimentary tests highlight the many huge differences between PBT and photo-optic therapy. For one, photo-optic therapy only works on the eyes, while PBT affects any cell, including internal organs and brain cells. In hoto-optic therapy, light is directed to the cells of light perception (photo - transduction), which in turn results in the generation of electrical signals that is carried to the brain, where as PBT it stimulates chemical, ionic, transformations of electrons and thermal transport within treated cells and tissues, without the need for signal transduction to the brain. The effect is local and systemic without the help of the brain. For example, blind patients respond to PBT but not to photoptic therapy. Another distinction between photo optic therapy and PBT is illustrated in FIGURE. 4B. In the case of sight, that is, stimulation or photo-optical vision, the combination of 15A red light and 15B blue light emanating from light source 14, once an electrical signal is received by the eye 11 send 9 to brain 5, which perceives the color of the incident light as purple. Actually, violet / purple light has a much shorter wavelength than blue or red light and as such comprises photons with higher energy than 15A red light or 15B blue light. In the case of PBT, cell 16 and the mitochondria 17 contained in it will respond photochemically to light source 14 as if it were emitting red 15A and blue 15B light (which it really is), and will not respond as if violet light were present. . Only true short-wavelength purple light emitted by a violet or ultraviolet light source can produce a photobiomodulation response to purple light. In other words, mitochondria and cells are not "fooled" by the mixing of light of different colors like the eye and brain are. In conclusion, photo-optic stimulation is very different from photobiomodulation. As such, Techniques and developments in the art of photo optic therapy cannot be considered applicable or relevant to PBT.

As a side note n etymological ambiguity, the nomenclature led the researchers to change the original references using the Catholic term 'phototherapy' or PT into the more modern currently accepted term 'photobiomodulation therapy' or PBT. The term phototherapy was used generically to refer to any therapeutic application of light, including (i) photo-optic therapy that involves visual stimulation, (ii) photobiomodulation therapy or PBT that involves cell modulation, and (iii) photodynamic therapy or PDT that activates a injected chemical. or ointment applied with light to stimulate a chemical reaction. An equally broad term 'photochemistry', light-stimulated chemical reactions, also ambiguously refers to any and all of the above treatments. So while photochemistry and phototherapy have broad meaning today, PBT, PDT, and photo optic therapy have specific interpretations that do not overlap.

As another source of confusion, the term LLLT was originally intended to mean 'low level laser therapy' to distinguish lasers operated at low power levels (sometimes called 'cold' lasers in the popular press) from lasers that They operate at high power for tissue ablation and surgery. With the advent of LED-based therapies, some authors combined the nomenclature of laser and LED-based therapies into "low-level light therapy", with the same acronym LLLT. This unfortunate action caused much confusion in published art and indiscriminately blurred the distinction of two very different photon delivery systems. A "low-level" laser is safe for eyes and burns only because it works at low levels. If a cold laser is deliberately or accidentally driven to a higher level so that it is no longer 'cold', it can cause severe burns or blindness within milliseconds. In contrast, LEDs always operate at low levels and cannot operate at high optical power densities. At no power level, LEDs can cause blindness. And although LEDs can overheat by running too much current through them for extended periods, they can't cause an instant burn or ablation tissue in the way that one last can. As such, the term low-level light does not make sense in reference to an LED. Accordingly, throughout this application, the acronym LLLT will refer to PBT laser only, which stands for low-level laser therapy and will not be used to refer to PBT LEDs.

Current photobiomodulation therapy systems

The current state of the art photobiomodulation therapy systems, shown by the example system 50 in FIGURE. 5, comprises controller 51, connected electrically to two sets of LED panels. Specifically, the output A of the controller 51 is connected via cable 53a to a first set of LED pads comprising an electrically interconnected LED pad 52b. LED pads 52a and 52c are optionally connected to LED pad 52b via electrical bridges 54a and 54b to create a first set of LED pads that function as a single LED pad comprising more than 600 LEDs and covering a treatment area in excess of the 600 cm2. Similarly, the output B of the controller 51 is connected by a cable 53b to a second set of LED pads comprising an electrically interconnected LED pad 52e. The 52d and 52f LED pads are optionally connected to the 52d LED pad via 54c and 54d electrical jumpers to create a second set of LED pads that functions as a single LED pad comprising more than 600 LEDs and covering a treatment area that exceeds the 600 cm2.

In the system shown, the controller 51 not only generates the signals to control the LEDs within the pads, but also provides a power source to drive the LEDs. The electrical power delivered from the controller 51 to the LED pads is substantial, typically 12 W for two sets of three pads each. An exemplary electrical schematic of the system is shown in FIGURE. 6A, where controller 61 includes a SMPS 65 switch mode power supply used to convert grid power 64 from 120V to 220V AC into at least two regulated DC voltage sources, i.e. 5V for control and logic , and a higher voltage supply V ^led used to power the LED strings on the LED pads. Typical voltages for V ^LEDs range from 24V to 40V depending on the number of LEDs connected in series. To facilitate algorithmic control, the microcontroller (gC) 67 executes dedicated software in response to user command input on the touch screen LCD panel 66. The result is a series of pulses emitted in some alternating pattern on the A outputs of logic buffers 68a and 68b used to control the red and near infrared (NIR) LEDs on the LED pads connected to output A. A similar arrangement is included for output B using its own dedicated logic buffers, but where gC 67 can manage and control outputs A and B simultaneously.

The signal at output A is then routed to one or more LED pads 62 through shielded wire 63 which comprises high current lines, GND ground 69a, 5V supply line 69b, and V ^led supply line 69c, thus such as LED control signal line 70a for driving control on NIR LEDs 71a through 71m, and LED control signal line 70b for driving fill control on red LEDs 72a through 72m. The control signal lines s 70a and 70b, in turn, drive the base terminals of the bipolar junction transistor s 73a and 73b, respectively, operating the transistors as switches to turn the corresponding LED strings on and off. When the input to either of the bipolar transistors is low, that is, polarized to ground, there is no base current or collector current flow and the LED string remains dark. When the input to any of the bipolar transistors is high, that is, biased at 5 V, the base current flows and correspondingly the collector current flows, illuminating the LEDs in the corresponding LED string. LED current flow is set by the LED turn - on voltages and by current limiting resistors 74a or 74b. The use of resistors to set the LED brightness is not preferred because any variation in LED voltage, either from stochastic manufacturing variability or from temperature variations during operation, will result in a change in LED brightness. . The result is low uniformity in LED brightness across an LED pad, from LED pad to LED pad, and from one manufacturing batch to the next. An improvement in maintaining LED brightness uniformity can be obtained by replacing resistors 74a and 74b with fixed value constant current sources or sinks 75a and 75b, as shown in FIGURE. 6B.

The physical connection between PBT controller 61 and LED pads 62, over shielded cable 63, can also be described as two communication stacks interacting in the language of the 7-layer open source initiative or the OSI model of 7 layers. As the picture shows. 7, the PBT controller 61 can be represented as the stack 80 comprising the application layer - 7, the operating system of the PBT controller named LightOS v1. In operation, the application layer transfers data to the physical layer or PHY layer 1 that comprises logical buffers. The stack 80 unidirectionally sends electrical signals 82 to the PHY-1 layer, i.e. the LED string drivers, in the communication stack 81 of the passive LED pad 62.

Because the electrical signals comprise simple digital pulses, stray impedances in wire 63 can affect the integrity of the communication signal and the operation of the LED pad. As shown in FIG. 8, as the square wave of the electrical signal 82 was sent, it can be significant Ly distorted in received waveform 83 including reduced magnitude and duration 84a, slow rise times 84b, voltage peaks 84c, the oscillations 84 d, and the ground loops 89 affecting the ground bounce 84e of the signal. Cable parasites responsible for these disturbances include power line series resistances 87a through 87c and inductances 86a through 86c, and capacitances between conductors 85a through 85e. Other effects may include ground loop conduction 89 and antenna effects 88.

Another disadvantage of using simple electrical signal connections between the PBT controller 61 and the LED pads is that the PBT system cannot confirm whether the peripheral connected to the wire 63 is in fact a qualified LED pad or an invalid load. For example, incorrect LED settings that do not correspond to the PBT controller, as shown in FIGURE. 9, will result in either inadequate or excessive LED current. Specifically, as shown by icon 91, too many LEDs in series will result in high voltage drop with little or no LED illumination. In contrast, as shown by icon 92, too few LEDs connected in series can cause excess current, overheating, and possible burn hazards to the patient.

Non-LED power loads from the PBT 61 controller can damage the invalid peripheral, the controller, or both. This is particularly troublesome because a pin at the PBT controller output supplies high voltage of 20V or more, exceeding the 5V rating of most semiconductors and causing permanent damage to ICs. Inductive loads represented by icon 94 can cause surge voltage spikes that can damage the controller. Loads containing motors such as disk drives or fans can cause excessive and harmful inrush currents. Shorted wires or shorted electrical loads, as shown in icon 93, can cause fires. C onnecting a battery to the PBT 61 controller, as shown by icon 96, may lead to current xcessive and fire hazard. Or vercharging or subjecting a chemical cell to a surge also has the potential to cause intense fire or even an explosion. Unknown electrical charges, shown with the 95 icon, represent unspecified hazards. Especially problematic is any connection between the PBT controller 61 and an electrical power source such as a generator, car battery, or UPS, the result of which can include complete system destruction and extreme fire hazard. In FIGURE. 9 icons are intended to represent a class of electrical charges, but should not be considered as a specific circuit.

Other problems arise when mismatched LED pads are connected to the same outlet. For example, in FIGURE. 10.Two different LED pads 62 and 79, powered by common wire 63, share connections to ground 69a, 5V 69b power, 69c high voltage ^led V power, 70a LEDW visible light control signal and 70a control signal. LEDnir near infrared 70b. As shown, LED pad 62 includes current sinks 75a and 75b and switches 73a and 73b driving corresponding LEDs 71a through 71m which has a visible light wavelength Av and LEDs 72a through 72m which has a length of wave A of near infrared A ^nir . Alternatively, the LED pad 79 includes the same current sinks 75a and 75b and switches 73a and 73b, but LED units of different wavelengths, specifically LEDs 76a through 76m that have a visible light wavelength Á ^v2 and The LEDs 77a through 77m having a wavelength A ^nir2 near infrared. None of the LED strings has the same wavelength light as the other LED strings. For example, A ^v can comprise red light, while A ^v2 can comprise blue light. Similarly, A ^nir can comprise 810 nm radiation, while A ^v2 can comprise 880 nm. In operation, the parallel connection of the red and blue LEDs driven by the ^v 70a LED signal means that a treatment for the red light could inadvertently generate blue light. Similarly, paralleling the 810nm and 880nm LEDs driven by the 70a ^nir LED signal means that a treatment for a wavelength NIR LED could inadvertently drive a different wavelength.

Another problem arises when two or more LED pads are connected to both LED outputs at the same time, as shown in FIGURE. 11 A. As shown, the PBT 51 controller has two outputs, output A and output B. These outputs are designed to drive separate sets of LED pads. As shown, Output A connects to LED pad 52d via wire 53a. Output B connects to LED pad 52e via wire 53b and also connects via jumper 54d to LED pad 52f. However, accidentally, jumper 54c connects LED 52e pad to LED 52d and thus shorts output A to output B. The electrical shock of shorting outputs A and B together depends on the treatment program being performed. running. FIGURE. 11B illustrates the case where both outputs A and B of buffer 100 control the red / visible light output, specifically buffers 101a and 101c are active at the same time. As shown, the outputs are shorted through electrical leads 102a to LED pad 105a, through connector 104a to LED pad 105b, and finally through connector 103a. In operation, the frequency and pulse patterns of the two outputs are asynchronous, which means that any combination of high and low output biases can occur. If the pull-up transistors are too strong, the output buffers can be destroyed in another; otherwise, alternate power-on signals may cause the LEDs to stay on with a high duty factor causing overheating and a potential burn hazard to the patient.

In FIGURE. 11C, the buffer 101a at output A is feeding the red LEDs on the LED pads 105a and 105b while the buffer 101d at the output B is feeding the NIR LEDs also on the LED pads 105a and 105b. Although the Independent operation of the red and NIR LEDs does not represent an electrical problem, the simultaneous conduction of the red and NIR LEDs will cause the LED pad to overheat, which could damage the pad and possibly burn the patient. This overpower condition is illustrated by the waveforms shown in FIGURE. 11D where the power P v of the conductive visible LEDs displayed by waveform 110 has an average power Pave 113, and the power Pnir of the NIR LEDs displayed by waveform 111 has an average power Pave 114. Taken together, the aggregate power waveform 112 has an average power 115 of magnitude 2Pave.

In today's LED pads, overheating for whatever reason is problematic because there is no temperature protection. As the picture shows. 12, even if the LED pad 109 does h ave temperature detection, with one-way data flow 82 on wire 63 there is no way for the LED pad 109 to inform PBT controller 61 of an over temperature condition or to suspend the performance.

As described above, the limitations of current PBT systems above are numerous, impacting PBT system utility, functionality, security, and scalability. These limitations include the following issues:

• Electrical "signal" communication to the LED pad: The signals from the PBT controller to the LED pads are single digital pulses, not differential communication between a pair of bus transceivers. These signals are sensitive to common mode noise and ground loops that affect the magnitude and duration of the pulses that control the operation of the LED. Like simple electrical pulses, the system also lacks error-checking capability, so faults cannot be corrected or even detected.

• Unidirectional signal flow from PBT controller to LED pad : With unidirectional data flow, PBT controllers cannot authenticate any LED pads connected to their output, nor can they monitor the operational status of a pad once connected. One-way data also prevents feedback of the status of an LED pad or the notification of other information from the pad to the main PBT controller.

• Inability to detect a short in the wrong connection of multiple pads: Due to user error, the wrong connection of two outputs of a PBT controller to the same pad or LED pads, that is, an inadvertent short between two outputs, means that both outputs are driving the same LED strings. This incorrect connection error can damage the LED driver circuit, lead to overheating of the LED, risk of burns to the patient, and possible fire.

• Inability to Identify Approved LED Pads or Certified Manufacturers - Failing to identify the pedigree of an LED pad, a PBT system will inadvertently activate any LEDs connected to it, including illegal, counterfeit, or copycat LED pads. Driving pads not manufactured or certified by the system specifier or manufacturer have unknown consequences ranging from loss of functionality and reduced effectiveness to safety risks. Commercially, the marketing and sale of counterfeit and copycat LED pads also deprives merchants of IP-licensed PBT devices of legal income.

• Inability to identify a connected device as an LED pad - Without the ability to confirm whether a device connected to a PBT controller output is an LED pad (rather than a completely unrelated peripheral such as a speaker, battery, motor, etc. .), Connecting an unauthorized electrical load to the output of a PBT system will invariably damage the accessory, the PBT controller, or both. When an unknown electrical load is activated, the high voltage present at the controller's output pins during operation also presents a fire hazard.

• Inability to identify power sources : the inability of a PBT controller to identify the connection of its output to a power source (such as AC power adapters, batteries, car power, or generators) represents a real safety risk, so the power supply contained in the PBT controller competes with the external power supply. Interconnecting two different power supplies can result in excessive currents, voltages, power dissipation, or uncontrolled oscillations that can damage the external power supply, the PBT controller, or both.

• Inability to control or limit the controller's output current - connecting a shorted load, such as a damaged pad, short wire, or any load with high input current (such as a motor) poses a high risk of current and possibly a fire hazard. Inductive loads like solenoids they can also momentarily create excessive voltages that damage low voltage components.

• Inability to detect batteries connected to the output of a PBT system : Connecting a battery pack to the output of a PBT system has the potential to damage the battery pack, accidentally charge the battery with the wrong charge conditions and result in overvoltage, overcurrent, or overheating conditions in electrochemical cells. Improper charging of acid or wet chemistry batteries has the potential for acid or electrolyte leakage. Incorrect charging of lithium-ion batteries can cause overheating, fire, and even explosion.

• Inability to detect overheating conditions in the LED pads - Overheating of an LED pad risks making the patient uncomfortable and burned, damage to the pad, and in extreme cases the possibility of fire.

• Inability to identify LED configuration within an LED pad : Unable to identify LED serial-parallel matrix configuration on an LED pad, PBT controller cannot determine if the pad is compatible with the PBT system or even if LED operation is possible. For example, too few LEDs connected in series can damage LEDs with too much voltage. Too many LEDs connected in series will result in dim or no lighting. Too many parallel strings of LEDs can cause excessive total pad current and consequently overheating, as well as large voltage drops across interconnects, poor light uniformity across an LED pad, and possible damage to conductive traces of the PCB.

• Inability to identify the types of LEDs contained within an LED pad - It cannot detect which wavelength LEDs are on a pad, a PBT system has no means to match its treatment programs to the LED matrix or to select the correct wavelength LEDs for each. specific waveform in the treatment protocol.

• PBT controller outputs are limited to a fixed number of control signals : With only one or two control signals per output, today's PBT controllers are unable to drive three, four or more different wavelengths of LEDs within the same pad with different excitation patterns.

• Limited Mobility - In today's medical grade PBT systems, connecting a central PBT controller to the LED pads requires cable connections. While these connected PBT systems are generally acceptable in hospital applications (and possibly clinical settings), in military, paramedical and consumer applications it is not useful to limit mobility with cables or wires.

• Unable to synthesize waveforms : PBT systems lack the technology to drive LEDs with any waveform other than square wave pulses. Square wave pulsed operation limits LED lighting patterns to one frequency operation at a time. Since pulse rate affects energy coupling to specific tissue types, a single-frequency PBT system can only optimally treat one tissue type at a time, extending the required therapy time and patient / insurance cost. . The analysis also reveals that square wave pulses waste energy, producing harmonics not necessarily beneficial for therapy. The LED unit using sinusoids, chords, triangle waves, sawtooth waveforms, bursts of noise or audio samples requires complex waveform synthesis within the LED pad. Although the host PBT controllers must have sufficient computing power to synthesize such waveforms, the capability is not beneficial because the signal cannot be delivered over long cables without suffering significant waveform distortion. Unfortunately, the LED pads cannot do the job. Utilizing cheap discrete components, today's LED pads are unable to perform any waveform synthesis, not to mention that the communication protocols necessary to remotely select or change the synthesized waveform do not exist.

• Distribution of new LED driver algorithms - Today's PBT systems lack the ability to download software updates from a database or server to correct software errors or install new treatment algorithms.

• Inability to capture and record biometric data from the patient in real time : Current PBT systems lack the ability to collect biometric data such as brain waves, blood pressure, blood sugar, blood oxygen and other biometric data during a treatment or the capacity to integrate this data collected in the record of the treatment file.

• Inability to collect real-time images of the treatment area - Current PBT systems lack the means to measure or image tissue during treatment. The systems also lack the ability to store still and video images or to match the images to the treatment time of a PBT session.

• Inability of users ( physicians) to create new treatment algorithms: Current PBT systems lack the ability for users, such as physicians or researchers, to create new algorithms or combine existing treatments to form specific complex therapy treatments, for example, optimizing an excitation sequence to activate injected stem cells (useful for accelerating stem cell differentiation and reducing the risks of rejection).

• Electronic distribution of documentation : Current PBT systems cannot distribute or update any documentation electronically. It would be beneficial if the distribution of FDA notices or rulings, as well as errata and updates to PBT therapy and operation manuals, treatment guides, and other documentation could be provided electronically to all users of the PBT system. Currently, this capability is not available on any medical device.

• Treatment Tracking - Current PBT systems cannot track treatment usage history, capture system usage in a treatment log, and upload the treatment log to a server. Lacking real-time treatment records via network connectivity, widespread commercial adoption of PBT systems by physicians, hospitals, clinics, and spas is problematic. Without usage logs uploaded, today's PBT systems cannot support revenue sharing leasing business models because the client is unable to verify the use of the Headquarters system. Similarly, hospitals and clinics cannot confirm the use of PBT systems for insurance audits and for fraud prevention. In pay-as-you-go SaaS (software as a service) payment models, the PBT service agent cannot confirm a customer's usage history.

• Electronic Prescriptions : Currently, no physical medicine device, including PBT systems, is capable of securely transferring and distributing prescriptions on a medical device.

• Remote disablement : nowadays, no PBT system is capable of disabling device operation in the event of default or theft to stop black market trading.

• Location tracking : Today, no PBT system is capable of tracking the location of a stolen PBT system to track down thieves.

• Secure Communication - Since today's PBT systems use electrical signals instead of packet-based communication to control LED pads, hacking and direct measurement of communication between a host PBT system and an LED pad is trivial and lacks security any. Additionally, PBT systems today lack any provision for Internet communication and the security methods necessary to prevent content piracy and thwart identity theft in accordance with HEPA regulations. In the future, encryption alone is expected to be inadequate to secure data communication over the Internet. In such cases, connectivity to private hyper-secure networks will also be required.

In summary, the architecture of today's PBT systems is completely outdated and requires a completely new system architecture, new control methods, and new communication protocols to facilitate an effective, flexible, versatile, and safe solution for providing photobiomodulation therapy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the photobiomodulation therapy (PBT) process of this invention, patterns (e.g., pulse sequences of square waves, sine waves, or combinations thereof) of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) are defined that have one or more wavelengths. , or spectral bands of wavelengths, are introduced into a living organism (eg, a human or an animal) using a distributed system that comprises two or more distributed components or "nodes" that communicate using a bus or transceiver to send instructions or files between constituent components. Radiation is typically within the infrared or visible parts of the EMR spectrum, although ultraviolet light can sometimes be included.

Single wavelength EMRs may be used, or the pattern may include EMRs having two, three, or more wavelengths. Rather than consisting of single wavelength radiation, the EMR can include spectral bands of radiation, often represented as a range of wavelengths centered on a central wavelength, eg A ± AA. The pulses or waveforms may be separated by gaps, during which no radiation is generated, the trailing edge of one pulse or waveform may temporarily coincide with the leading edge of the next pulse, or the pulses may overlap so that radiation of two or more wavelengths (or spectral bands of wavelengths) can be generated simultaneously.

In one embodiment, the distributed PBT system's components comprise a PBT controller and one or more smart LED pads communicating via a unidirectional serial data bus sending data, files, instructions, or executable code from the PBT controller to smart LED pads. In a second embodiment, the components of the distributed PBT system comprise a PBT controller and one or more smart LED pads that communicate via a bidirectional data bus or a transceiver through which the PBT controller can send data, files, instructions, or executable code. to the smart LED. pad and conversely the smart LED pad can return data to the PBT controller related to pad operating status or patient condition, including LED pad configuration data, program status, fault conditions , skin temperature or other sensor data. Another sensor may include two-dimensional temperature maps, two-dimensional or three-dimensional ultrasound images, or it may comprise biometric data such as pH, humidity, blood oxygen, blood sugar, or skin impedance, etc., which in turn can be optionally used to change treatment conditions, that is, operate in a closed biofeedback loop.

In one embodiment, the EMR is generated by light emitting diodes (LEDs) arranged in series "strings" connected to a common power source. Each LED string may comprise LEDs designed to generate radiation of a single wavelength or band of wavelengths in response to a defined current constant or variable in time. LEDs can be embedded in a flexible pad designed to fit snugly against the skin surface of a human body, allowing the target tissue or organ to be exposed to a uniform pattern of radiation. Power can be supplied to each smart pad from a cable connecting the LED pad to the PBT controller or, alternatively, the LED can be supplied from a separate power source. In an alternative embodiment, semiconductor laser diodes may be used instead of LEDs configured in an array to create a uniform pattern of radiation or, alternatively, mounted on a hand-held rod to create a small spot or area of concentrated radiation.

In the distributed PBT system described herein, each of the LED strings is controlled by an LED controller, which in turn is controlled by a microcontroller contained within the smart LED pad. The LED pad microcontroller communicates with another microcontroller or computer comprising the PBT controller through a communication bus, which can include wired connectivity such as USB, RS232, HDMI, I2 C, SMB, Ethernet, or proprietary formats and protocols or may alternatively comprise wireless media and protocols including Bluetooth, WiFi, WiMax, cellular radio using 2G, 3G, 4G / LTE or 5G protocols, or other proprietary communication methods.

Using a display, keyboard, or other input device connected to the PBT controller, a physician or clinician can select the particular algorithm (process sequence) that is appropriate for the condition or disease being treated. Instructions are then communicated from the PBT controller via the wired or wireless data bus to one or more smart LED pads that tell the pad's microcontroller when to start or stop a PBT treatment and specify which treatment will be performed.

In one embodiment related to a data stream, the PBT controller sends a stream of data packets specifying the LED drive waveforms including the time when an LED is instructed to carry the current and the magnitude of the current to conduct. The flow instructions sent by the controller are selected from a "pattern library" of algorithms, each of which defines a particular process sequence of pulses or waveforms from the EMR generated by the LED strings. Upon receiving the data packets via the data bus, the smart LED pad stores the instruction in memory, then begins "playing" the streaming data file, that is, it activates the LEDs according to the instructions received . During broadcast playback, bus communication from the PBT controller to the smart LED panel can be interrupted to accommodate system safety checks or to allow the smart LED panel to report its status or upload data from the sensor to the PBT controller.

Unlike the prior art PBT systems, in the distributed PBT system described, the PBT controller does not constantly send instructions to the smart LED pads. During the intervals when the PBT controller is silent, either listening to the bus or receiving data from the smart LED pads, each smart LED pad must operate autonomously and independently of the PBT controller and the other LED pads connected to it. data or communication bus. net. This means that the PBT controller must send enough data to the smart LED pad for it to are stored in the pad's memory buffer to support nonstop LED playback operation until the next data file can be delivered.

In another embodiment, the PBT controller delivers a complete replay file to the smart LED panel that defines the complete execution sequence of a PBT treatment or session. In this method, the file is delivered before starting playback, that is, before executing the treatment. As soon as the file is loaded into the memory of the smart LED pad, the local microcontroller built into the pad can execute the playback performed according to the instructions in the file. The transferred replay file may comprise (i) an executable code file that includes all of the LED trigger waveform instructions, (ii) a passive replay file that defines the durations and settings of the treatment to be used. interpreted by executable code comprising LED rendering software, or (iii) data files comprising waveform primitives which are subsequently combined in a manner prescribed by the LED pad microcontroller to control the LED lighting pattern and running a PBT treatment or session.

In the last two examples, the executable code needed to interpret the playback file, that is, the player LED, must be loaded into the smart LED before starting playback. This LED player can be loaded onto the smart LED pad the moment a user signals the PBT controller to start therapy, or it can be loaded onto the smart pad at an earlier date, for example when the LED pad is programmed during manufacturing or at that time. the PBT controller turns on and establishes that the smart LED pad is connected to the controller's local area network. In cases where the LED player file is pre-loaded onto a smart LED pad and stored in non-volatile memory for extended periods, the distributed PBT system should include provisions to check whether the loaded software is still up to date or has been updated. become obsolete. If the system detects that the LED player is up to date, the LED playback can start immediately. Alternatively, if the PBT controller detects that the LED player is out of date, expired, or is simply out of date, the PBT controller can download the new executable code from the LED player either immediately or by first obtaining user approval. In some cases, performing treatments with an outdated LED player executable code may cause incorrect playback or system malfunction. In such cases, the PBT controller may mandatorily suspend its operation of the smart pad LED player until software download and update run.

The ability of an LED pad to operate independently and autonomously for a defined time distinguishes the LED pad as "intelligen t" compared to passive LED pads. Passive LED pads, in contrast, are limited to responding only to real-time signals sent from the PBT controller, where any interruption in communication will immediately result in an interruption in the operation of the LED pad, affecting the power train. LED pulses or waveform. In other words, the bus communication between the PBT controller and one or more smart LED pads can be thought of as a packet switched local area network (LAN).

Another key feature of the disclosed distributed PBT system is its self-contained safety systems - protection and safety functions that operate on each smart LED pad independently of the PBT controller. In network-connected professional medical devices specifically, security systems must continue to function flawlessly even when network connectivity is lost. As a key feature of this invention, during operation, each smart LED pad regularly executes a safety-related subroutine to ensure that the software is operating normally and that no dangerous conditions exist. The SE's built-in smart LED pad protection features include a software related "blink timer" sub routine, a watchdog timer, overvoltage protection, LED current balance and overheat protection. Self-contained security features involve firmware comprising the smart LED pad's local operating system (referred to here as LightPadOS) stored in non-volatile memory and executed by the embedded microcontroller present within each smart LED pad.

Upon receiving an instruction to start therapy, the LightPadOS for a specific pad starts a software timer and simultaneously resets and starts a hardware counter in the microcontroller. The LightPadOS then launches the executable code to perform a PBT treatment executed as a streaming data file or as an LED player (playing a specific playback file) in sync with a forward program counter. The program counter advances at a defined frequency as defined by either a shared system clock or a specific precision time reference of one or more smart LED pads. Such time references can be set using an RC relaxation oscillator, RLC resonant tank oscillator, crystal oscillator, or micromechanical machine based oscillator. In this way, pulses with nanosecond precision can be used to synthesize square wave pulses, sine waves, and other waveforms that vary in frequency and duration. The synthesized waveforms are used to drive LED strings of varying waveforms in selected patterns according to defined algorithms.

During program execution, both the software blink timer and the hardware-based watchdog timer continue to count in sync with the time base of the program counter. When the blink timer reaches a certain preset time (here called blink interval), for example 30 seconds, the software timer generates an interrupt signal sent to the local control of the LightPadOS pad that suspends the treatment program counter and begins an "interrupt service routine" or ISR. The ISR then performs cleaning functions, which can include reading the temperature of one or more sensors on the smart LED pad, sending the temperature data through the transceiver to the PBT controller, and simultaneously comparing the highest measured temperature with a defined range. If the temperature exceeds a warning level, a warning flag is also generated and communicated to the PBT controller as a request for the system to take some action, for example to reduce the duty factor of the LED (on time per cycle) to lower the temperature of the pad or to suspend the treatment.

However, if the highest measured temperature exceeds a predetermined safety threshold, the smart LED pad immediately suspends the execution of the treatment program and simultaneously sends a message through the transceiver to the PBT controller. Unless the PBT restarts the program, the Smart LED Overheat Pad will remain off indefinitely. Thus, if an overheating condition occurs while the PBT controller is unavailable or malfunctioning, or if the network or communication bus is busy or unavailable, the default condition is to stop treatment.

During ISR, the smart LED pad can perform other safety tests, for example checking for excessive input voltages as a result of a power failure, excessive currents as a result of an internal short circuit of the pad, or detecting moisture resulting from sweat or water in contact with the Smart LED. pad, possibly resulting in a missing or improperly applied sanitary barrier between the patient and the LED pad. In either case, the LED pad Malfunctioning smart first suspends operation and then sends a message to the PBT controller informing the distributed system of the failure. In such a case, the other LED pads can continue to function independently (even though one pad has stopped working) or, alternatively, all smart LED pads can be turned off simultaneously (either by the PBT controller or via direct pad-to-pad communications ). Upon completion of the ISR, control returns to performing the PBT treatment by resetting the program counter, resetting the software blink timer, and resetting the watchdog timer.

In the event of a software execution failure, either in the LED playback executable code or in the ISR subroutine, the program counter will not resume operation and the blink timer will not be reset or reset. If the watchdog timer reaches its full count without restarting (for example, at 31 seconds) without restarting, it means that the software execution has failed. A watchdog timer instantly generates an interrupt flag that suspends program execution on the offending LED pad and sends a fault message to the PBT controller and optionally to the other LED pads. As such, a software glitch always defaults to a non-operational state for the malfunctioning LED pad to ensure patient safety even in the absence of network connectivity.

Aside from standalone security features, in another embodiment, the described distributed PBT system includes centralized protection of network components managed by the PBT controller. Specifically, the PBT operating system that operates with the PBT controller, referred to herein as LightOS, includes a number of protection provisions that include the ability to detect whether a component connected to the network or communication bus is a component. authorized or a fraud. If a user attempts to connect a light panel or other component to the PBT controller network that cannot pass a prescribed authentication process, the component will be denied network access. The PBT controller's LightOS operating system can prohibit unauthorized access in a number of ways, including shutting down the entire distributed system until the offending device is removed, not sending any data packets to the rogue device's IP address, or encrypting the commands so that they are not recognized by the unauthorized component.

To effect multi-layer secure communication in the disclosed distributed PBT system, the PBT controller operating system (LightOS) and the smart LED pad operating system (LightPadOS) comprise parallel communication stacks that use consistent protocols and non-discernible shared secrets for a operator of device, hackers or unauthorized developers. As such, the distributed PBT system functions as a secured network communication with the ability to execute security on any number of communication layers, including data link layer 2, network layer 3, network layer 4, Transport, Session Layer 5, Presentation Layer 6, or Application Layer 7. For example, a numerical code installed and cryptographically hidden in both a PBT controller and a smart LED pad, i.e. a shared secret, can be used to confirm the authenticity of a network connected smart LED pad without even disclosing the key. . In an LED panel validation method executed at data link layer 2, the PBT controller passes a random number to the smart LED panel via the communication network or bus. In response, the microcontroller on the LED pad decrypts its copy of the shared secret key (numeric code), merges it with the received random number, then performs a cryptographic hash of the concatenated number. Then the smart LED pad openly returns the cryptographic hash value through the same transceiver link.

At the same time, the PBT controller performs an identical operation by decrypting its own copy of the shared secret (numeric code), merging it with the generated random number that it sent to the LED panel, and then performing a cryptographic hash operation on the concatenated number. The PBT controller then compares the locally generated and received hashes. If the two numbers match, the pad is authentic, that is, it is "authorized" to connect to the network. The aforementioned authentication algorithm can be run on any PHY layer 1 and / or data-link layer 2 connection over any data bus or packet switched network, including USB, Ethernet, WiFi or cellular radio connections. In the case of a WiFi connection, the data link can also be established using WPA2, a WiFi protected access protocol.

For 'administrative' and security tracking purposes, the authorization date and time (and, as available, the GPS location) of the authenticated component is stored in non-volatile memory and optionally uploaded to a server. The benefit of employing secure communication and AAA validation (authentication, authorization, management) of all connected components in the distributed PBT system is critical to ensuring security and protection against the intentional connection of potentially insecure and uncertified imposter devices. In this way, the impostor devices cannot be controlled by the distributed PBT system. AAA validation also protects against accidental connection of devices that are not designed to function as part of the PBT system, such as lithium-ion battery packs, unapproved power supplies, speakers, disk drives, motor controllers, high power class III and IV lasers, and other potential hazards unrelated to the PBT system.

The security of the distributed PBT system using a packet switched network (such as Ethernet or WiFi) can also be enhanced by using dynamic addressing at network layer 3 and dynamic port assignment at data transport layer 4. In operation of a PBT controller not connected to the Internet or any other local area network, the PBT controller generates a dynamic IP address and a dynamic port address, then transmits the address to the other devices connected to the network to which the pads Smart LEDs respond with their own dynamic IP addresses and their own dynamic port addresses. In the event that the distributed PBT system is in contact with a router or the Internet, a dynamic host configuration processor (DHCP) is used to assign dynamic IP addresses. Similarly, a remote procedure call (RPC) is used to perform dynamic port number assignment. Since dynamic IP addresses and dynamic ports change each time a device connects to a network, the cyber attack surface is reduced. Additional security from L yesterday-4 can be added using TLS 'transport layer security', IPSec security protocol or other protocols.

Once the components of a distributed PBT system are established through Layer 2 authentication and port address assignments, and Layer 3 and Layer-4 networking, the distributed PBT system is ready to perform treatments. Once the PBT controller receives a 'start' command from the user, the PBT treatment begins with an exchange of encryption keys or digital certificates between the PBT controller and the smart LED pads connected to the network to establish a layer-5 session. . Once the session is logged in, the PBT controller and smart LED pad maintain their secure link during file and command exchange until treatment is completed or finished. Additional network security can be realized by encryption at presentation layer 6 or application layer 7.

As revealed, the distributed, network-connected PBT system functions as a single unified virtual machine (VM) capable of reliably and safely performing photobiomodulation therapy using multiple smart LED pads offering

• No waveform distortion resulting from cable clutter

• Two-way communication between PBT controller and smart LED pad

• Ability to detect a short circuit of incorrect connection of various pads • Ability to identify approved LED pads or certified manufacturers • A bility to identify a connected device as a smart LED pad

• Ability to identify energy sources and to control their operating voltage

• Ability to control and limit the controller LED current • Ability to detect batteries and avoid their connection to the output of a PBT system

• Ability to detect over-temperature conditions on the LED pads

• A bility to identify the LED configuration within an LED pad

• A bility to identify the types and configuration of LEDs contained within a smart LED pad

• Ability to independently control multiple outputs • Ability to perform distortion-free waveform synthesis within a smart LED pad

• Ability to distribute new algorithms from LED drivers to smart LED pads

• Ability to capture and record the patient biometric data in real time • Ability to collect images in real time of the treatment area

• Support the ability of users (physicians) to create new treatment algorithms.

• Ability to support the electronic distribution of documentation.

• Ability to monitor treatment

• Ability to manage the distribution of electronic prescriptions.

• Ability to support a remote control connected to the network

• Ability to track the location of PBT systems • Ability to perform secure communication between components

In another embodiment, the disclosed distributed PBT system comprises a three-stage waveform generation involving digital waveform synthesis, PWM pulse generation, and a dynamic multiplexed multi-channel LED driver capable of producing square, triangle, waveforms. saw tooth and sinusoids. The waveforms can comprise a single periodic function or a string of multiple frequency components.

In another embodiment, the described waveform generator can generate chords based on a prescribed key and frequency scale, for example, a chord comprising two, three, or four different frequencies, including noise filtering. LED driving waveforms can also be produced from audio samples or by combining chords of scalable audio primitive waveforms of varying resolution and frequency. Waveforms can be stored in synth parametric-based libraries of waveforms, PWM waveforms, and PWM chords, including major, minor, diminished, augmented, octave, and inversions. The software-controlled LED driver includes I / O mapping (multiplexing), dynamic current control, and various programmable dynamic current references.

In another embodiment, a distributed PBT system comprises multiple sets of smart LED pads controlled from a centralized multi-channel PBT control station. An optional WiFi PBT remote control is included to facilitate local start-start and pause control. In yet another embodiment, the PBT controller comprises an application running on a mobile device or smartphone that controls the smart LED pads. The mobile app includes intuitive UI / UX control and biofeedback screen. The application can also connect to the Internet or to a PBT server as a therapy database. In another embodiment, the PBT system comprises a set of fully autonomous LED pads programmed through the network.

The distributed PBT system can also be used to control mouthpiece-mounted LEDs to combat gum inflammation and periodontal disease or to activate individual headphone-mounted LEDs inserted into the nose or ears to kill bacterial inflections in the ears. sinus cavities. A variation of the individual LED buttons can be used as "points" placed on acupuncture points.

The aforementioned distributed PBT system is not limited to activating LEDs, but can be used to activate any energy emitter located next to a patient to inject energy into living tissue, including coherent light from a laser, or to emit fields time-varying magnets. (magnetotherapy), electrical microcurrents (electrotherapy), ultrasonic energy, infrasound, far infrared electromagnetic radiation or any combination thereof.

In one such embodiment, an LED or laser hand wand comprises a large area main unit and pivoting handle, an integral temperature sensor, a battery charger, a boost (boost) voltage regulator, and an integral safety system. as a proximity sensor. In yet another embodiment, a magnetotherapy device comprises a coil implemented in a multilayer printed circuit board used to generate time-varying magnetic fields. The magnetic therapy device can be implemented on a pad or on a wand. Magnetotherapy, used to reduce inflammation and pain in the joints m a and be operated independently or in combination with PBT.

Another version of the manual wand includes a modulated voice coil that works as a vibrator that applies pressure to the muscles and tissues at infrasonic frequencies, that is, below 10 Hz, similar to massage therapy but with deeper penetration. Infrasound therapy, which is used to reduce muscle relaxation and improve flexibility and range of motion, can be operated independently or in combination with PBT.

In another embodiment, an ultrasound therapy device comprises a flexible PCB with one or more piezoelectric transducers modulated in the ultrasound band from 20 kHz to 4 MHz. The pad with piezoelectric transducers can also include pulse-modulated LEDs in the audio spectrum. . In one application of the combined ultrasound-LED device, ultrasound is employed to break up scar tissue with PBT used to improve circulation and remove dead cells thereafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGURE. 1 illustrates a PBT system that works under the control of a therapist.

FIGURE. 2 illustrates the photobiomodulation of mitochondria.

FIGURE. 3 illustrates the optical absorption spectra of various biomaterials.

FIGURE. 4A contrasts the differences between photo-optic therapy and photobiomodulation therapy.

FIGURE. 4B illustrates the photochemical stimulation of intracellular organelle mitochondria by combined wavelength.

FIGURE. 5 represents a distributed PBT system with an active LED pad. FIGURE. 6A is a schematic representation of a PBT system with passive LED pads using current limiting resistors.

FIGURE. 6B is a schematic representation of a PBT system with passive LED pads using current control.

FIGURE. 7 is a network description of a PBT system with active LED pads using only Layer-1 physical communication (PHY).

FIGURE. 8 is an equivalent circuit of a communication cable and its impact on electrical signals.

FIGURE. 9 is an iconic representation of the interconnection of a photobiomodulation therapy system with unqualified or unsuitable electrical accessories or LED pads.

FIGURE. 10 depicts a photobiomodulation therapy system that activates different LED pads with a common set of electrical signals.

FIGURE. 11A illustrates an incorrect "shorted output" connection of two outputs of the LED PBT system to a common LED pad.

FIGURE. 11B illustrates a short output connection that drives strings of red LEDs with more than one competing control signal.

FIGURE. 11C illustrates a shorted output connection that simultaneously drives the NIR and red LEDs on the same LED pad with overlapping or simultaneous control signals.

FIGURE. 11D illustrates the power output waveforms for a shorted output connection that simultaneously drives the NIR and red LEDs on the same LED pad with simultaneous or overlapping control signals.

FIGURE. 12 is a PBT system that lacks temperature sensing, protection, or feedback.

FIGURE. 13 depicts a distributed PBT system with an active LED pad.

FIGURE. 14 is a schematic illustration of a distributed PBT system with a smart (active) LED pad.

FIGURE. 15 is a network illustration of a PBT system with smart (active) LED pads using a 3-layer OSI stack.

FIGURE. 16 is a flow chart of an LED pad authentication sequence.

FIGURE. 17 illustrates a block diagram of an active LED pad with identity data registration.

FIGURE. 18 illustrates a block diagram of an active LED pad with LED configuration register.

FIGURE. 19 is a schematic representation of an exemplary array and drive electronic LED comprising three wavelength LEDs.

FIGURE. 20A is a schematic representation of a low-side switched current control element or "current sink" that drives an array of LEDs comprising "m" LEDs.

FIGURE. 20B is a schematic representation of a current sink type switched low-side LED driver comprising an N-channel MOSFET and a current sense gate bias circuit with Uf reference current input.

FIGURE. 20C is a schematic representation of an example and low current type side of the LED driver implementation switching sink comprising a current mirror sensor, a transconduct NCE amplifier bias circuit with current input reference I re and a transmission gate with digital input.

FIGURE. 21A is a schematic representation of an example and multi-channel current reference generator with current fine-tuning resistor DAC.

FIGURE. 21B is a schematic representation of an example and current multi-channel reference generator with DAC MOSFET gate current usable widths.

FIGURE. 21C is a schematic representation of an example and current reference multichannel generator with DAC and arithmetic-logic-calculated input unit comprising calibration and target reference input current currents.

FIGURE. 22A is a schematic representation of a side-switched high current control element or "current source" driving a string of LEDs comprising "m" LEDs.

FIGURE. 22B is a schematic representation of a current source type switched high side LED driver comprising a P channel MOSFET and a current sense gate bias circuit with reference current input (-I ^ref ).

FIGURE. 22C is a schematic representation of an example and type of high implementation side switched source current of LED driver comprising a current mirror sensor, a transconductance amplifier bias circuit with current input reference (-I ^ref ) and a transmission gate with digital input.

FIGURE. 23A is a schematic representation of a high-side current control element or "current source" that drives an array of LEDs comprising LEDs "m" with a low-side N-channel MOSFET digital enable.

FIGURE. 23B is a schematic representation of a current source type high side LED driver comprising a P-channel MOSFET and a current sense gate bias circuit with reference current input (-I ^ref ) that drives a LED string in series with a low - side N-channel digital MOSFET enable.

FIGURE. 23C is a schematic representation of an exemplary current source type high-side LED driver implementation comprising a current mirror sensor, a transconductance amplifier bias circuit with reference current input (-I ^re ) that drives a string of LEDs connected in series with a low-side N-channel enable digital MOSFET.

FIGURE. 24 is a flow chart describing a master-slave, LED-based drive data transmission.

FIGURE. 25 illustrates real-time data transfer to an LED pad by packet transfer over USB.

FIGURE. 26A illustrates a just-in-time or "JIT" sequential data transfer method for a flow-based LED unit.

FIGURE. 26B illustrates a transfer-ahead-and-switching method for an ordinary base unit LED.

FIGURE. 26C compares JIT against the transfer - ahead - and - LED unit shift method.

FIGURE. 27 is a flow chart of LED pad stand-alone pad playback using unencrypted files.

FIGURE. 28 illustrates storing executable code files on an active LED pad.

FIGURE. 29A illustrates an exemplary n and treatment protocol comprising three PBT "sessions" each constituting three sequential treatment algorithms.

FIGURE. 29B illustrates exemplary AND treatments, each illustrating an on-off LED control sequence praise and durations.

FIGURE. 30 illustrates an Arndt-Schultz biphasic dose response model for PBT. FIGURE. 31 illustrates a 4-layer serial bus-based LightOS communication protocol stack.

FIGURE. 32 illustrates the preparation of encrypted packets from the PBT processing file. FIGURE. 33 illustrates the preparation of cipher packets from a PBT session file. FIGURE. 34 illustrates the active decryption and storage of the LED pad of an incoming encrypted packet.

FIGURE. 35 is an LED pad self-contained pad playback flow chart using post-transfer file decryption.

FIGURE. 36 illustrates storing ciphertext files on an active LED pad.

FIGURE. 37 is an LED pad standalone pad playback flow chart that uses on-the-fly decryption during playback.

FIGURE. 38 is a file comparison between bulk file decryption before playback and on-the-fly decryption during playback.

FIGURE. 39 illustrates downloading files from an LED player to an LED pad.

FIGURE. 40 is a flow chart describing the operation of a "waveform synthesizer" module.

FIGURE. 41 is a flow chart describing the operation of a "PWM player" module.

FIGURE. 42 is a flow chart describing the operation of an "LED driver" module.

FIGURE. 43 is a block diagram showing the generation of waveforms using a waveform synthesizer, a PWM player, and LED driver modules.

FIGURE. 44 is a block diagram showing details of the waveform synthesizer operation, including synthesis through a unit function generator or primitive processor.

FIGURE. 45 illustrates examples of unit function generated waveforms, including constant, sawtooth, triangle, sinusoidal, and sinusoidal chord waveforms.

FIGURE. 46 is a functional description of a synthesizer summing node and autoranging operation used in waveform synthesis.

FIGURE. 47 illustrates examples of variable frequency sine waves and mixed chords thereof.

FIGURE. 48A illustrates a sinusoidal synthesis based countercurrent system capable of mixing chords over ten octaves with independent weighting and autoranging functionality.

FIGURE. 48B illustrates the synthesis of two sine wave chords employing a counter-based sinusoidal synthesis system.

FIGURE. 48C illustrates the synthesis of three sine wave chords employing a counter-based sinusoidal synthesis system.

FIGURE. 49 is a block diagram of a counter-based sinusoidal chord synthesizer that uses a single sinusoidal primitive with 24-point angle resolution.

FIGURE. 50 is an example of two sine wave chord synthesis using a single fixed resolution primitive.

FIGURE. 51A is an example of three sine wave chord synthesis using a single fixed resolution sine primitive.

FIGURE. 51B illustrates exemplary sine waves and chords combined using a single fixed resolution sinusoidal primitive that highlights quantization noise.

FIGURE. 52A is an example of three sine wave chord synthesis using multiple scaled resolution sine primitives.

FIGURE. 52B illustrates exemplary sine waves and chords combined using multiple scaled resolution sine primitives to completely eliminate quantization noise.

FIGURE. 52C is a comparison between the fixed resolution and scaled resolution sine wave synthesis of a combined chord of three sine waves.

FIGURE. 53 is a block diagram of a counter-based sinusoidal chord synthesizer using scaled resolution sinusoidal primitives and four clock scale ranges.

FIGURE. 54 is a block diagram of a universal primitive sine chord synthesizer applicable for any resolving sinusoidal primitive.

FIGURE. 55A illustrates the UI / UX interface for setting a global key for sine and chord synthesis based on equanimous musical scales and a fourth eighth note - key based.

FIGURE. 55B illustrates the UI / UX interface for setting a global key for sine and chord synthesis based on other scales and a fourth eighth note - key based.

FIGURE. 56 illustrates the UI / UX interface for setting a global key for sine and chord synthesis based on a custom frequency.

FIGURE. 57A is a block diagram of an algorithmic chord constructor for triad / quadruple synthesis of musical chords (with an optional 1-octave note), including major, minor, augmented, and diminished chords.

FIGURE. 57B illustrates the UI / UX interface for a custom triad chord builder with an optional 1-octave note.

FIGURE 58A illustrates signal compression in three-sine sum synthesis without autoranging.

FIGURE. 58B compares synthesized three-sinusoidal sum waveforms with and without auto-range amplification.

FIGURE. 59 is a functional illustration of a PWM generator function used in the waveform synthesizer.

FIGURE. 60 illustrates examples of non-sinusoidal generated waveforms and their corresponding PWM representations.

FIGURE. 61A illustrates the operation of the cutoff function of the PWM player. FIGURE. 61B illustrates a schematic functional equivalent of a pulse width modulator used in the PWM player.

FIGURE. 62 ill u s Try ab LED driver action lock diagram

FIGURE. 63A illustrates the constitutive waveforms of a square wave generated by a PWM player with a 50% duty cycle and an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 63B illustrates the constituent waveforms for a square wave generated by a PWM player with a duty factor of 20% and an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 63C illustrates the constituent waveforms for a square wave generated by a PWM player with a duty cycle of 95% and an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 63D illustrates the constituent waveforms of a PWM player square wave generated with 50% duty cycle and an average LED current 10 mA subsequently stepped up to 13 mA.

FIGURE. 63E illustrates the constitutive waveforms of a square wave generated by an LED driver with a duty factor of 50% and an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 63F illustrates the constitutive waveforms of a sine wave generated by an ADC (analog to digital converter) LED driver with an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 63G illustrates the constitutive waveforms of an audio sample generated by the LED driver ADC (analog to digital converter) of a guitar string plucking with an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 63H illustrates the constitutive waveforms of an audio sample generated by the ADC (analog to digital converter) of a cymbal clash LED driver with an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 64A illustrates the constitutive waveforms of a PWM synthesized sine wave with an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 64B illustrates the constitutive waveforms of a PWM synthesized sine wave with an average LED current of 10 mA which was subsequently increased to 13 mA.

FIGURE. 64C illustrates the constitutive waveforms of a PWM synthesized audio sample comprising a sine wave chord with an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 64D illustrates the constitutive waveforms of a PWM synthesized triangle wave with an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 64E illustrates the constitutive waveforms of a PWM synthesized audio sample comprising a guitar string plucking with an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 64F illustrates the constituent waveforms for a PWM synthesized audio sample comprising a cymbal collision with an average LED current of 10 mA.

FIGURE. 65 illustrates the constitutive waveforms of a PWM synthesized sine wave with an average LED current of 10 mA subsequently increased to 13 mA cut by a PWM player.

FIGURE. 66 illustrates downloading a playback file to an LED pad. FIGURE. 67 illustrates a LED playback data file comprising a playback ID files, synthesizer parameter file, primitive file, PWM player file, LED driver file, and components thereof.

FIGURE. 68 is a schematic analog view of the firmware used to control the Oref PWM player clock.

FIGURE. 69 is comprises the communication stack for an Ethernet based distributed PBT system.

FIGURE. 70 comprises the communications stack for a WiFi-based distributed PBT system.

FIGURE. 71A is a block diagram of a WiFi communication enabled PBT controller for distributed PBT systems.

FIGURE. 71B is a block diagram of a WiFi communication enabled LED pad for distributed PBT systems.

FIGURE. 72 is a multi-user distributed PBT system and communication network. FIGURE. 73 comprises the communication stacks for a cellular phone based distributed PBT system.

FIGURE. 74 illustrates a distributed PBT system using a cell phone application and WiFi-based control.

FIGURE. 75 is a UI / UX menu for PBT control using a mobile device application program.

FIGURE. 76 is a top and bottom cross-sectional view of a handheld PBT rod for LED or laser therapy.

FIGURE. 77 is a block diagram of a portable PBT rod for LED or laser therapy.

FIGURE. 78 is a cross-sectional bottom view of a PBT rod eye safety system for PBT lasers using capacitive contact sensing.

FIGURE. 79 is a schematic of a PBT laser eye safety system using capacitive contact sensing.

FIGURE. 80 is a schematic of a distributed system laser PBT control circuit. FIGURE. 81A is a cross section, top view, and side view of a self-contained smart LED pad with an integrated switch.

FIGURE. 81B is a flow chart describing the program change sequence of a standalone smart LED pad.

FIGURE. 82 is the cross section of a rigid flex PCB.

FIGURE. 83 is a flat magnetism explosion diagram used in a magnetotherapy pad.

FIGURE. 84 is a side view of a magnetotherapy pad with planar magnetism.

FIGURE. 85 is a top view of a magnet therapy pad with flat magnetism.

FIGURE. 86 is a schematic of a distributed system magnetotherapy control circuit.

FIGURE. 87 is a cross section of a magnetotherapy pad using discrete magnetism.

FIGURE. 88A is a magnetotherapy pad comprising a series of electromagnets.

FIGURE. 88B is a magnetic therapy pad comprising a series of electromagnets and permanent magnets.

FIGURE. 88C is a magnetotherapy pad comprising a series of stacked hybrid electromagnets and permanent magnets.

FIGURE. 88D is a magnetotherapy pad comprising a series of stacked permanent magnet hybrid electromagnets and electromagnets.

FIGURE. 89 is a portable magnetotherapy device compatible with a distributed system.

FIGURE. 90 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of a U-shaped PBT periodontal nozzle.

FIGURE. 91 is a side view of the fabrication steps for fabricating a U-shaped PBT periodontal nozzle.

FIGURE. 92A is a side view of the fabrication steps for fabricating an H-shaped PBT periodontal nozzle.

FIGURE. 92B is a side view of a manufactured H-shaped periodontal PBT nozzle.

FIGURE. 93 shows the bonding process in the fabrication of an H-shaped PBT periodontal nozzle.

FIGURE. 94 illustrates the circuit diagram of a periodontal PBT nozzle.

FIGURE. 95 illustrates the circuit diagram of an ultrasound PBT pad combined with H.

FIGURE. 96 illustrates the circuit diagram of an ultrasonic PBT pad combined with a current dissipation device.

FIGURE. 97 comprises perspective views of a combined ultrasound PBT pad

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In order to overcome the above-mentioned limitations facing existing generation PBT systems, a completely new system architecture is required. Specifically, the generation of sine waveforms and chords that combine sine waves should occur in close proximity to the LEDs that are powered to avoid significant distortion of the wiring waveform. Such a design criterion forces you to relocate the waveform synthesis, out of the PBT controller and into the LED pad. To achieve this seemingly smaller division of functions is indeed a significant design change and requires converting the LED pad from a passive component to an active system or "smart" LED pad. Whereas a passive LED pad contains only an LED matrix, current sources, and switches, a smart LED pad must integrate a microcontroller, volatile and non-volatile memory, communication transceiver or bus interface, LED drive electronics, and the LED matrix. Due to the need for long wiring or wireless operation, the time reference for the microcontroller must also be relocated to the LED pad. Essentially, each smart LED pad becomes a little computer that, once instructed, is capable of independently producing LED drive patterns.

So instead of using a centralized PBT controller that produces and distributes electrical signals to passive LED pads, the new architecture is "distributed", comprising a network of electronic components that operate autonomously and lack centralized real-time control. This first-of-its-kind distributed PBT system requires the invitation of Smart LED Pads, a therapeutic light delivery system whereby the LED Pads perform all the necessary calculations to generate dynamic LED excitation patterns and safely execute the LED activation accordingly. In distributed PBT operation, the role of the PBT controller is drastically reduced to that of a UI / UX interface, allowing the user to select treatments or therapy sessions from available protocol libraries and start, pause, or end treatments. This lack of central hardware control is practically unheard of in medical devices because ISO13485, IEC and FDA regulations require, for safety reasons, the controllability of the hardware. at all times. As such, the implementation of effective security systems in distributed hardware of medical equipment requires a new and innovative approach where security functions must be carried out locally and system communicated - wide. Such a safety protocol must be spe cified, designed, verified, validated, and documented in accordance with FDA design standards and international safety standards.

Another implication of a distributed PBT system with smart LED pads is the replacement of electrical signal communication with command-based instructions comprising data packets. Such command-based communication involves the design and development of a private packet-switched communication network between the components of the distributed system, adapting digital communication to meet the unique and stringent requirements of medical device control. Packet routing, security, and data payloads must be designed to prevent hacking or system malfunction, and they must carry all the information necessary to perform all necessary PBT operations.

Implementing a distributed PBT system with smart LED pads involves two sets of interrelated innovations. In this application, the operation of the smart LED pad is described, including time-based LED drive patterns delivered by transmission or file transfer. This disclosure also considers the generation of waveforms on the pad through a three-step process of waveform synthesis, PWM player operation and dynamic LED unit, as well as the necessary safety functions. In the related United States Application No. 16 / 377,192, entitled "Distributed Photobiomodulation Therapy Devices and Methods, Biofeedback and Communication Protocols therefor," the hierarchical stack data communication and control protocol are disclosed.

In the distributed PBT systems described herein, LED playback can be controlled using a time-based sequence of instructions (called streaming) or by command-based waveform generation and synthesis. In either case, the data packets carry the LED drive pattern digitally in their payload. In operation, through a graphical interface, a user or therapist selects a treatment or a PBT therapy session and agrees to start the treatment. The command is then packed, that is, it is prepared, formatted, compressed and populated into a communication packet and delivered via a serial peripheral communication bus, LAN, broadband connection, WiFi, fiber or other media to one or more smart LED pads. Although the payload data that is carried in Each data packet is digital, comprising bits organized as octets or hexadecimal words, the real communication medium is analog, comprising differential analog signals, radio waves or modulated light.

In wired communication, the communication bus typically uses electrical signals that comprise analog differential waveforms modulated at a specific rate known as the symbol rate or baud rate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol_rate) . Each symbol can comprise a frequency or a code of a defined duration. Detection of each sequential symbol is immune to distortions caused by reactive parasites in a cable or noise sources and thus overcomes all problems associated with transmitting digital pulse signals in prior art PBT implementations . In WiFi communication, incoming serial data is split and transmitted in small packets across multiple frequency subbands, known as OFDM, i.e. orthogonal frequency division multiplexing to achieve high symbol rate and low rate of bit error. Similar frequency division methods are used in Fiber Channel and DOCSIS communication to achieve high symbol rates. Because each transmitted symbol is capable of representing multiple digital states, the serial bus data bit rate is therefore higher than the media symbol rate. The effective bit data rate (https: //en.wikipedia.or g / wiki / List_of_device_bit_rates) of several of the most common serial and wireless communication protocols above 50MB / s are summarized below for reference:

In response to commands from a user, the PBT controller converts the instructions into communication data packets, which are then sent to all connected and qualified LED pads. The LED pads receive instructions and respond accordingly, starting a therapy session or performing other tasks. Due to the high bandwidth communication, the user experience of the PBT system is that the treatment was instantaneous, that is, users perceive a real-time UI / UX response even though the operation of the system was in fact performed as a communication sequence between devices and autonomous tasks. .

The described distributed PBT system involves multiple interacting components, each of which performs a dedicated function or functions within the decentralized system. The number of unique components built into the system affects the overall complexity of the system and impacts the sophistication of the communication protocol, that is, the "language" used in communication between devices. Various components of the disclosed distributed PBT system may include:

• A user interface comprising a PBT central controller or a mobile application that is used to execute UI / UX-based commands and send instructions over the communication network.

• Smart LED pads that perform dynamic photobiomodulation therapy treatments with local excitation pattern generation on the pad and waveform synthesis, and optionally with integrated sensors or imaging capabilities.

• Computer servers accessible through the Internet or private communication networks that are used to retain and distribute treatments, sessions and protocols from PBT, or to upload patient response data, case studies or clinical trials, and associated files (eg, MRIs, X-rays, blood tests).

• Optional therapeutic accessories, such as laser wands or ultrasound therapy pads.

• Optional biometric sensors (eg EEG sensors, ECG monitors, blood oxygen, blood pressure, blood sugar, etc.) used to capture and upload patient samples or data in real time.

• Computer peripherals, including high definition and touch screens, keyboards, mice, speakers, headphones, and more.

By combining or excluding various components in the PBT system, a variety of performance and system costs can be tailored for a wide range of users covering hospitals and clinics, and extending to individual users and consumers, spas, estheticians, sports trainers and athletes, as well as professional mobile applications for paramedics, police or military doctors. Since PBT components use a voltage greater than 5V, care is taken in the design described to prevent a user from accidentally connecting a USB peripheral to a high-voltage connection or bus (12V to 42V).

LED Control in Distributed PBT Systems

A basic implementation of a distributed PBT system, shown in FIGURE. 13, includes three components: a PBT controller 120, a power supply 121, and a single smart LED pad 123 with an intermediate USB cable 122. FIGURE. 14 illustrates a block diagram of an example and distributed PBT system's application, including a PBT controller and transceiver bus 131, on the smarter LED pads 337, a USB cable 136, and an external power 'brick' 132. Although the power supply block 132 is shown as a discrete component in the illustration, in systems where the PBT controller and the bus transceiver 131 use a wired connection to the smart LED pads 337, the power supply can be include within the PBT controller and transceiver instead of using a separate component. As shown, the PBT controller and bus transceiver 131 include a main microcontroller gC or MPU 134, an LCD touch screen 133, a non-volatile memory 128, a volatile memory 129, a bus interface 135, and a clock 124 that operates on a system clock. 197 at an Osys rate. The clock and memory elements are shown separately from the main MPU 134, to represent their function and are not intended to describe a specific embodiment or component partition. RTC real time clock (not shown) may also be included with the PBT 131 controller. RTC is

E l p a p e l d e S t o r a d e d t o s n o v or l a t i l g and 128 d e n t r o d e l c o n t r o l to r P B T 131 s e m u l t iu s o i n c l u e n d e l a l m a c e n a m i e n t o th e m a i n s i s t e m o p e r a t i v o, s e h a c e r e f e r e n c i a a q u t e n c o m o L ig h t O S, a s t c o m o p r r e t e n e r to s b i b l i o t e c a s d e p r o g r a m s d e t r a t a m i e n t o s d e P B T and s e s i o n e s, a l m a c e n a d o g e n e r a l m e n t e e n f o r m a c i f r a d a p o r r a z o n e s d e s e g u r i d a d. L a m e m o r i a 1 28 n o v o l á t i l t a m b i é n s e p u e de e u s a r p a r a c a p t u r a r r e g i s t r o s d e t r a t a m i e n t o, c a r g a r d a t o s d e s e n s o t a r e m o s d e s e n s o t a t e m o s d e s e n s o r a t e m e d e t e m o t s. E n c o n t r a s t e c o n s u c o n t r a p a r t n or v or l a t i l e l p a p e l o f e p o r i to v o l a t i l 129 e n e l c o n t r o l to r P B T 131 e s p r i n c i p a l m e n t e e l o f e p o r i a d e l b l or c d e n o t to s, q u e r e t i e n e I s d t o s t e m p o r a l m e n t e m i e n t r a s s e r e g r a n I s C a l c u s. P r e j and m p, L p r e p r r u n a s e s i n P B T q u e c o m p r e n d e u n a s e q u e n c i to d e t r a t a m i e n t o s P B T s e p a r e d s, I s to l g r i t m or s d e t r a t a m i e n t o c i f r to d s p r im e r o r b e n d e s c i f r r s e, and n s a n g l to r s e e n u n a s e s i n P B T, v and l v e r c i f r r s e and l u e g e n s a n g l to r s e e n u n p to q u e t e d e c o m u n i c a t i o n l i s t o p r e l t r a n s p o r t e r r e d. L a m e m o r i a v o l á t i l a l m a c e n a e l c o n t e n i d o d e d a t o s d u r a n t e e l p r o c e s o d e n s a m b l a j e de l p a q u e t e d e c o m u n i c a c i ó n.

Other identification in a distributed PBT system is the distribution of necessary power to power the PBT controller and the LED pads. The association includes the following: • Power up the PBT controller using an internal power supply, then deliver power to the LED pads through the communication bus,

• Power the PBT controller with an external power supply (brick), then deliver power to the LED pads via the communication bus, • Power the PBT controller using an internal power source and powering the LED pads using their own power source. dedicated external power or supplies (bricks),

• Power the PBT controller with an external power supply (block) and the LED pads with their own dedicated external power supply or supplies (blocks).

In the example shown, the external power supply block 132 powers the entire PBT system, providing 5 V to the ICs and V ^LEDs to the LED strings. USB cable 136 carries data symbol transceiver from PBT controller interface bus 135 and transceiver bus 131 to LED pad 337 bus interface 338. USB cable 136 also supplies power; specifically ground (GND), 5V and V ^led to the 337 smart LED pad, generally carried by copper conductors of lower resistance and thicker than cable signal lines. LED pad 337 comprises a | jC pad 339, an interface bus 338, volatile memory RAM (eg SRAM or DRAM) 334a, a non-volatile memory NV-RAM (eg EEPROM or flash) 334b, a reference clock time switches 333, LED drivers 335, and an LED matrix 140. The LED drivers include switched current sinks of lude 140, 141 and others (not shown), typically one current sink for each string of LEDs. The LED array 140 includes a string of series-connected LEDs 142a to 142m to generate light of wavelength A1, a string of series-connected LEDs 143a to 143m to generate light of wavelength A2, and typically other LED strings (not shown).

The memory within the LED pad 337 that includes both the volatile memory 334a and the non-volatile memory 334b is similar to that of the semiconductor memory employed in the PBT controller 131 except that the total capacity may be less and preferably consumes less power. Memory on LED pad 337 must include semiconductor solutions due to risk of mechanical shock and mobile media storage breakdown to integrate fragile data storage on LED pad 337. Specifically, virtual memory 334a (labeled RAM) in The LED pad 337 can include dynamic random access memory (DRAM), or static access memory randomized (SRAM) that can integrate all of this partially within the padg C 339. On the LED pad, the virtual memory useful for storing data that does not need to be kept safe except during use as LED broadcast files, LED player files, and LED playback files. The advantage of temporarily retaining the executable code necessary to perform the current PBT treatment (and not the entire treatment library), is that the capacity and cost of memory within the LED pad 337 can be greatly reduced compared to the PBT controller icon which has the difficulty of T 131 too. the treatment programs above because every time you turn on the power to the LED pad 337, all the data is separated.

L e p o r i n or v or l a t i l 334 b p u e d e c o m p r e n d e r u n a m e m o r i a d e a c c e s or you t o e r p r o g r a m a b l e and b r r a b l e e l e c t r i c a m e n t e (E 2 P R O M) or u n a m e m o r i to "f l s h" q u e p u e r s t a r i n t e g r e d t o d or e n p a r t e d i n t r o o f a l m o h a d i l l a g C 339. The memory is not volatile 334 b (labeled as NV - RAM) is preferably used to store a required signature or change frequently, such as the operating system for the LED pad, in this document in My Nothing Light P ad OS, together with the data of the manufacturing pad, including the ID record of the ID pad ID and LED configuration data related to manufacturing. L a m e m o r i a n o v o l á t i l 334 b t a m b i é n p u e de u s a r s e p a r a r e t e n e r r e g i s t r o s de e u s u a r io de l o s t r a t a m i e n t o s q u e s e h a n r e a l. E l d i s e ñ o r b jo c o s t o p r to s to l m or h to d i l l a s L E D e s s t r a c o n s id e r a t i o n e c o n o m i c a i m p o r t a n t e p o r q u e u n c o n t r o l to r P B T a m e n u d s e v e n d e c o n m u l t ip l e s a l m o h a d i l l a s L E D, h a s t to 6 or 8 p er s i s t e m. P r r e d u c i r e l c o s t o t o t a l o f e p o r y, and s b e n e f i c i or s or c o n c e n t r r e p o r ia, e s p e c i a l m e n t e M e m o r i n or v or l a t i l e n e l c o n t r o l to r P B T d o n d e h a y u n s or d i s p o s i t i v o and m i n i m i z r e p o r i a c o n t e n i d d e n t r o d e c a d a a l m or h to d i l l L E D, q u e c u r r e e n m u l t ip l e s i n s t a n c i a s p r s i s t e m. .

In operation, the input of the lu suary command on the LCD touch screen 133 of the PBT 131 controller is interpreted by the main MPU 134, which responds to the treatment files stored in the non-useful memory 128 and transfers these files via USB to the USB terminal 135 136 to the 338 bus interface within the smart LED pad 337. The treatment files, once transferred, are stored temporarily in the volatile memory 334 a. P adg C 339, operating according to the L ight P ad OS operating systems stored in the 334 b new memory, then interprets the settings stored in the 334 volatile RAM memory and controls the 33 5 LED controllers according to the patterns is excitation LED treatment, where the LED is selected the matrix 336 illuminates the multiple wavelength LED string as desired. D eb id that PBT Controller 131 and LED Pad 337 operate using their own s lo je s Dedicated 297 and 299, the distributed PBT system operates asynchronously at two different clock rates, specifically Osys and Opad respectively.

Since the two systems operate at different clock rates, communication between the PBT controller 131 and the LED panel 337 occurs asynchronously, that is, without a common synchronized clock. Asynchronous communication supports a wide range of serial bus communication protocols, including USB 136 as shown, or Ethernet, WiFi, 3G / LTE, 4G, and DOCSIS-3. Although a synchronous clock version of a distributed PBT system, i.e. one with a shared clock, is technically possible, synchronous operation does not offer any performance or efficiency advantages over its asynchronous counterpart. Also, high frequency clock distribution over long cables is problematic due to clock drift, phase delays, pulse distortions, and more.

The architecture of FIGURE. 14 comprising a distributed PBT system that has two or more microcontrollers or computer "brains" represents a fundamental architecture change in PBT systems that otherwise typically comprise an integral controller all-in-one panel or active PBT controller which drives passive LED panels. Those skilled in the art should know that rather than being a separate hardware device, a PBT controller may alternatively comprise a portable or desktop personal computer, a computer server, an application program running on a mobile device, such as a tablet or smartphone, or any other host device capable of running computer software, such as a video game console, an IoT device, or more. Examples of such alternative embodiments are shown throughout the application.

As the picture shows. 15, PBT operation can be interpreted as a communications sequence used to control hardware operations. Using an open system application or OSI representation, the PBT controller 120 contains communication stack 147 comprising an application layer 7, a layer 2 data link, and a physical layer 1. Within the PBT controller 120, application layer 7 is implemented using a custom photobiomodulation operating system referred to herein as LightOS. The instructions received by the LightOS user praise are transmitted to the Layer 2 data link layer and together with the PHY layer 1 communicated via the USB protocol using USB 332 differential signals to the corresponding PHY layer - 1 of the communication stack 148 resident in smart LED pad 123. Thus, although the electrical signals comprise layer-1 communications, the USB data constructs behave as if the PBT controller and smart LED pad were communicating at layer-2 with packets arranged in time as USB data "frames". Once communication stack 148 receives a USB packet, the information is transferred to application layer 7 run by an LED pad resident operating system referred to herein as LightPadOS. As long as the LightOS in the PBT controller and the LightPadOS operating system in the smart LED pad are designed to communicate and execute instructions in a self-consistent manner, the bi-directional link between communication stacks 147 and 148 functions as a virtual machine at the application layer, that is, the distributed layer. The device behaves the same as if it were a single piece of hardware.

To ensure that components can exchange information and execute instructions at a high level of abstraction, that is, at the application layer and above, it is important that both LightOS and LightPadOS operating systems are developed in a parallel structure using the same methods. and encryption and security protocols. on any given layer. This criteria includes adopting common shared secrets, running predefined validation sequences (required for components that join the system's private network), running common encryption algorithms, and more.

To ensure that the two components can initiate communication and perform tasks, the PBT controller must first establish whether the LED pad is in fact a manufacturer approved, validated system - component. This test, called "authentication" is shown in the flow diagram in FIGURE. 16 in two parallel sequences, one occurring within LightOS operating as the "host", the other occurring within LightPadOS operating as the "client". As shown, upon completion of the establishment of a physical connection U SB, that is, insert 150, the LightOS operating system of the controller starts a subroutine 151a called “LightPad Installation” while at the same time the LightPadOS operating system of the LED pad begins a subroutine 151b. In the first step 152a, used to determine if the customer is a power source (and reject it if it is), the PBT controller performs check 158 to see if the USB D + and D- pins are shorted. If these data pins are shorted, according to the USB standard, the peripheral is a power supply and not an LED panel, so the system rejects the connection, completes the authentication, and LightOS informs the user that the peripheral does not it is a valid component and to unplug it immediately. If the pins are not shorted then the LightPadOS then the installation approval process can continue.

In steps 153a and 135b, the two devices negotiate what is the maximum data rate that each can reliably understand and communicate. Once the communication data rate is established, the symmetric authentication processes 154a and 154b begin. During symmetric authentication, in step 154a, the LightOS first queries the LightPadOS to determine if the LED pad 123 is a valid device approved by the manufacturer by verifying the data stored in the LED pad identity data register 144 . In the mirrored authentication process of step 154b, the LED pad 123 confirms that the PBT controller is a valid device with a valid manufacturing identification approved for use with the LED pad 123. In this exchange, certain encrypted security credentials and manufacturer identification data, including serial number, manufacturing code, and GUD identification number, change hands to ensure that both the PBT 120 controller and the LED pad Smart 123 are from the same manufacturer (or licensed as an approved device). If authorization fails, the LightOS host informs the user that the LED pad is not approved for use in the system and prompts them to remove it. If LightOS cannot authenticate the LED panel 123, then the PBT controller 120 will interrupt communication with the peripheral. Conversely, if the peripheral's LightPadOS cannot determine the authenticity of the PBT controller 120, then the LED pad 123 will ignore the instructions from the PBT controller 120. Only if symmetric authentication is confirmed can operation continue.

Any number of authentication methods can be used to establish a private network and approve the connection of a device to the private network. These methods may involve symmetric or asymmetric encryption and key exchange, employing 'certificate authority' based identity confirmation through the exchange of digital CA certificates, or exchanging cryptographic hash data to confirm that a device has the same shared secrets, which means it was produced by a qualified manufacturer. For example, a numeric code installed and cryptographically hidden in both a PBT controller and a smart LED pad, i.e. a shared secret, can be used to confirm the authenticity of a network connected smart LED pad without even disclosing the key. . In one of these LED pad validation methods executed at data link layer 2, the PBT controller passes a random number to the smart LED pad over the communication network or bus. In response, the microcontroller on the LED panel decrypts its copy of the shared secret (numeric code), merges it with the received random number, and then performs a cryptographic hash on the concatenated number. The Smart LED pad then openly returns the crypto hash value through the same transceiver link.

At the same time, the PBT controller performs an identical operation by decrypting its own copy of the shared secret (numeric code), merging it with the generated random number that it sent to the LED panel, and then performing a cryptographic hash operation on the concatenated number. The PBT controller then compares the locally generated and received hashes. If the two numbers match, the pad is authentic, that is, it is "authorized" to connect to the network. The aforementioned authentication algorithm can run on any PHY layer 1 and / or data link connection 2 via any data bus or packet switched network, including USB, Ethernet, WiFi or cellular radio connections. In the case of a WiFi connection, the data link can also be established using the WiFi protected access protocol WPA2.

For 'administrative' and security tracking purposes, the authorization date and time (and, as available, the GPS location) of the authenticated component is stored in non-volatile memory and optionally uploaded to a server. The benefit of employing secure communication and AAA validation (authentication, authorization, management) of all connected components in the distributed PBT system is critical to ensuring security and protection against the intentional connection of potentially insecure and uncertified imposter devices. In this way, the impostor devices cannot be controlled by the distributed PBT system. AAA validation also protects against accidental connection of devices that are not designed to function as part of the PBT system, such as lithium-ion battery packs, unapproved power supplies, speakers, disk drives, motor controllers, power lasers. high power class III and IV, and other potential hazards not related to the PBT system.

The security of a distributed PBT system using a packet-switched network (such as Ethernet or WiFi) can also be enhanced by dynamic addressing at network layer 3 and dynamic port assignment at data transport layer 4. In operation of a PBT controller not connected to the internet or any other local area network, the PBT controller generates a dynamic IP address and a dynamic port address, then broadcasts the address to the other network connected devices to which the LED pads Smartphones respond with their own dynamic IP addresses and their own dynamic port addresses. In the event that the distributed PBT system is in contact with a router or the Internet, a dynamic host configuration processor (DHCP) is used to assign dynamic IP addresses. Similarly, a procedure call is used remote control (RPC) to perform dynamic port number assignment. Since dynamic IP addresses and dynamic ports change each time a device connects to a network, the cyber attack surface is reduced. Additional Layer 4 security can be added by using TLS transport layer security, IPSec security protocol, or other protocols. Once the smart LED pad is connected to the network, additional information, such as LED configuration data, can be exchanged to authorize the component to function as part of the distributed PBT system.

In step 155a, the LightOS requests information about the LED configuration of the LED pad. In step 155b, the LightPadOS responds by relaying the information within the configuration register 145 of the LED panel 123 to the PBT controller 120. In addition to containing a detailed description of the LED matrix, the configuration file also specifies the manufacturer's specification for the maximum, minimum and target voltage required to power the array's LED strings. The configuration file also specifies the minimum required current needed to drive the LEDs. If there is more than one LED pad connected to the output, LightOS requests and receives the same information from each connected LED pad, that is, it scans the entire network of connected devices.

In step 156a, the LightOS inspects the voltage requirements of each pad and compares the value with the output voltage range of the high voltage power supply. On PBT controllers using a high voltage power supply capable of a fixed output voltage V ^led , the LightOS operating system will confirm that this voltage falls within the specified voltage range of each LED pad from V ^min to V ^max . The system will also check to confirm that the total current required for all "n" LED strings does not exceed the current rating of the supply (although this is generally not a concern, current verification is included to support low-end PBT device designs. cost to consumer with limited power).

If in step 156a, the output of the power supply meets the operating range of each connected LED pad, that is, V ^min to V ^led to V ^max , then the PBT controller 120 will allow power high voltage V ^led . Optionally in step 156b the PBT controller 120 may inform the LED pad 123 of the supply voltage that was chosen which is stored in 334b of non-volatile memory, documentation of the last supply voltage supplied to the LED pad ( useful when inspecting for quality issues and field failures). In the event that the PBT 120 controller employs a programmable voltage power supply, the LightOS operating system will select the best voltage based on the operating V ^otive of the LED pad 123, as stored in the LED pad 145 configuration register. If the target voltages are mismatched, the LightOS operating system will choose a voltage for the V ^LED as a compromise of the various reported target voltages. The term "high voltage" in this context means a voltage between 19.5 V minimum and 42 V maximum. Common supply voltages include 20V, 24V, or 36V. Even after enabling the V ^led , this high voltage is not connected to the output socket or supplied to the LED pads until a treatment is selected and started. the therapy.

During the authentication process and in the case of user inquiries, the PBT 120 controller should request information on the manufacture of the LED pad. This data is beneficial for complying with medical device traceability regulations and for debugging quality or field failures or for processing Return Merchandise Authorizations (RMA). FIGURE. 17 illustrates an example of the type of product manufacturing information included in the "LED pad identity data record" 144 stored in the non-volatile memory 334b of the LED pad. This data may include the manufacturer's part number, the manufacturer's name, the unit's serial number, a manufacturing code linked to a UN-specific pedigree or manufacturing history description, the database number of Global Unique Device Identification (GUDID) specified by the US FDA [https://accessgudid.nlm.nih.gov/about-gudid] and, as applicable, a related 510 (k) number. The registry can also optionally include country-specific codes for importing the device and other customs-related information, for example, export license numbers or free trade certificates. This record is stored in nonvolatile memory 334b during manufacture. The LED pad identity data record 144 also includes security credentials (such as encryption keys) used in the authentication process. The security credentials can be static as they were installed during manufacturing, or they can be dynamically rewritten each time the LED pad is authenticated, or alternatively rewritten after a prescribed number of valid authentications.

As described, during the authentication process, the PBT controller 120 collects information regarding the LED configuration of each connected LED panel. As the picture shows. 18, the pad LED configuration information is stored in the non-volatile memory 334b of the LED pad in the "LED configuration register" 145, written during the pad manufacturing process. The register stores the number of "n" LED strings and the description of specific information about the LEDs in the string, including the wavelength of LEDs A and the number "m" of LEDs connected in series in each string. In operation, this LED string information is used to match an LED treatment to a specific type of LED pad. For example, treatments designed exclusively to activate red LEDs will not work if an LED pad containing blue or green LEDs is attached. The UI / UX of a user, that is, the menu options on the PBT controller's touch screen are adjusted according to the LED pads connected to the system. If the corresponding LED pads are not connected, the menu selections that require that type of pad are hidden or grayed out.

The LED configuration register 145 is essentially a tabular description of the circuit diagram of an LED pad. Referring to a schematic in FIGURE. 19 depicting a part of an LED panel comprising a 335 LED driver with a 160 LED driver circuit and current sinks 161a to 161c, and a 336 LED array, whereby

• String # 1 in LED configuration register 145 describes string 162a comprising six series-connected near infrared LEDs of wavelength A1 = 810 nm driven by current sink 161 carrying a current Iled1.

• String # 2 in LED configuration register 145 describes string 163a comprising four series-connected red LEDs of wavelength A2 = 635 nm driven by current sink 161 b carrying current I ^led 2.

• String # 3 in the LED configuration register 145 describes string 164a comprising four series connected blue LEDs of wavelength A3 = 450 nm driven by current sink 161c carrying current Iled3

• String # 4 in the LED 145 configuration register describes string 162b comprising six series connected near infrared LEDs of wavelength A1 = 810 nm driven by current sink 161a carrying current Iled4 = Iled1 .

• String # 5 in the LED configuration register 145 describes string 163b comprising four series connected red LEDs of wavelength A2 = 635 nm driven by current sink 161b carrying current Ileds = ILED2.

• String # 6 in LED setup register 145 describes string 164b comprising four blue LEDs connected in series of wavelength At ³ = 450 nm driven by the current sink 161c carrying the current I ^{led s} = I ^LED3 .

The foregoing is intended to exemplify, without limitation, the data format of the LED configuration register 145 and its corresponding schematic equivalent, not to represent a specific design. In particular, the number of LED strings "n" and the number of series-connected LEDs in a given string "m" contained within the LED pad are likely to exceed the numbers shown in this example. In practice, the number of LEDs in the various strings may be identical or it may differ from string to string. For example, an LED pad can include 15 strings comprising fourteen LEDs in series or 210 LEDs. These LEDs can be arranged in three groups of five LED strings each; one-third NIR, one-third red, and one-third blue. Each type of LED can be configured 5 parallel strings and 14 series connected LEDs, that is, three 14s5p arrays.

LED configuration register 18 also includes the minimum and maximum operating voltage s for the LED pad. For proper LED operation, the voltage of the V ^led power supply must exceed the minimum voltage specification V ^min of the LED pad to ensure uniform illumination, but to prevent damage from excessive voltage or heat, the supply voltage power supply should not exceed the specified maximum voltage V ^max . In other words, the acceptable supply voltage value to power the LED pad must meet the criteria V ^min <V ^led ^ V ^max . The manufacturer's specified value of V ^min , stored in the setting of LED register 145, forced on a statistical basis to exceed the highest voltage string of LEDs in the LED pad to ensure that as long as the criteria of V ^min <V ^led is maintained, the higher string tension pads will continue to be fully illuminated in operation. If the voltage V ^min is specified too low, on some LED pads the individual LED strings may be dimmer than others during treatment. Poor gloss uniformity negatively affects treatment efficacy by limiting the maximum and average power of a PBT treatment and reducing the total energy (dose) of a treatment.

The highest voltage string in an LED pad is determined by both design and stochastic voltage variability in LED manufacturing. Each LED string consists of LEDs connected in series m, where each LED has its own unique forward driving voltage V ^fx , where x varies from 1 am, and where the total string voltage is the sum of these individual LED voltages IV ^fx . The highest voltage could occur in a string comprising fewer series number - LEDs connected with higher voltage, or it could occur in a string comprising a greater number of forward voltage drops LEDs. An LED pad manufacturer should employ statistical sampling data of direct LED voltages on a batch-to-batch basis to ensure that no LED pad is manufactured with an LED string voltage that exceeds the specified value of Vmin.

Although less accurate, the power supply must be able to supply a minimum required average current Ln to illuminate all LEDs of a particular color (wavelength) at once. Generally, in a two wavelength LED pad, 50% of the n LED strings can be conducting at the same time. Whereas on a three-color LED pad, it is likely that only one of the three LED wavelengths will illuminate at a time to prevent overheating, a worst case assumption of 2 / 3rd (67%) of the n- Sequences can be used to calculate the maximum current. The maximum current in LEDs that conduct in continuous operation, in the worst case, will not exceed 30 mA per string, that is, Iled ^ 30 mA. Using this worst case scenario, a pad with n = 30, 2 / 3rd of the strings lit at the same time, and with Iled ^ 30 mA will require a value of Ln = 30 (2/3) (30 mA) = 600 mA.

The Imax value specified in the LED setup register 145 is not a description of the maximum current flowing in the LEDs, but a description of the maximum safe current at 50% duty on the conductive pad traces. This current includes current flowing in the LED pad's own LED strings plus any current carried through the LED pad to another LED pad. The specification is included to prevent pad operation where significant voltage drops occur in the power lines of the LED pad causing heating, malfunction, electromigration, or metal melting. A possible design guide for the printed circuit board (PCB) of an LED pad is to use copper conductors capable of carrying more than twice their rated current, which means that the pad can safely carry its own current and the current from another LED at the same time. An additional design protection band of 5 = 25% is included as a safety margin. For example, if Ln = 600 mA, then using a 25% guard band, Imax = 2Imin (1 5) = 1500 mA. Configuration register 145 also includes the mirror ratio a used to convert the reference current L to the string current of Iled (or vice versa) according to the ratio Iled = a L. If different relationships are used for each channel, the table can be modified accordingly to include a1, a2, a3 ... where Iled1 = a1 L 1, Iled2 = a2 I ref2, and so on.

La corriente I^{l e d 3} en cada cadena de LED azul está controlada por un disipador de corriente dedicado 161c conectado en serie, que conduce la corriente en estado en proporción a

El dispositivo de control de corriente conectado en serie con cada cadena de LED puede conectarse al lado del cátodo como un "sumidero" de corriente como se muestra en la FIGURA. 20A, o conectado al lado del ánodo de la cadena de LED como una "fuente" de corriente como se muestra en la FIGURA. 22A. En las implementaciones del sumidero de corriente 161a y de la fuente de corriente 200a, el LED de corriente I que fluye en el dispositivo de control de corriente y en la cadena de LED 165 o 201 respectivamente está controlado por una corriente de referencia analógica I^ref y un pulso de habilitación digital En. El origen de estas dos señales en un sistema PBT distribuido se analiza más adelante en esta solicitud. (Nota: Los términos "fuente de corriente" y "sumidero de corriente" son bien conocidos en la técnica porque se refieren a un componente que proporciona o recibe ("sumideros") una corriente cuya magnitud no se ve relativamente afectada por la magnitud del voltaje a través del componente.)Referring again to FIGURE. 19, the current I ^led 1 in each NIR LED string is controlled by a dedicated 161a current sink connected in series, conducting the current in state in proportion to Ire ^you . The current I ^{led 2} in each string of red LEDs is controlled by a dedicated current sink 161b connected in series, which conducts the current in the on state in proportion to

The current I ^{led 3} in each blue LED string is controlled by a dedicated current sink 161c connected in series, which conducts the in-state current in proportion to

The current control device connected in series with each LED string can be connected to the cathode side as a current "sink" as shown in FIGURE. 20A, or connected to the anode side of the LED string as a current "source" as shown in FIGURE. 22A. In implementations of current sink 161a and current source 200a, the current LED I flowing in the current control device and in the LED string 165 or 201 respectively is controlled by an analog reference current I ^ref and a digital enable pulse En. The origin of these two signals in a distributed PBT system is discussed later in this application. (Note: The terms "current source" and "current sink" are well known in the art because they refer to a component that provides or receives ("sinks") a current whose magnitude is relatively unaffected by the magnitude of the current. voltage across the component.)

FIGURE. 20B illustrates a block representation diagram of idealized current sink 161a showing a current sense and gate drive control element 166 of an n-channel MOSFET 167. The MOSFET (or alternatively a bipolar junction transistor ) maintains controlled current while sustaining voltage across its drain-to-source terminals. Gate biasing is provided by current sensing and control element 166 to maintain a constant current despite variations in drain-to-source voltage. FIGURE. 20C illustrates an implementation of the described constant current sink where channel n current mirror MOSFETs 168a and 168b sense current I ^{le d} . The ratio p of the gate width of the MOSFET 168b to the gate width of the MOSFET 168a is less than one, which means that the current in the current mirror MOSFET 168b is a small fraction of, but in a precise ratio, the current load on current. MOSFET mirror 168a (I ^led ). This measured current, reflected by a current mirror comprising the MOSFET 169a p-channel unit and 169b having matched gate widths W ^p , transforms the sensing current from a ground current with reference to a 5 V current of supply with magnitude reference PI ^led . The differential "error" signal AI ^err that comprises the difference between I ^ref and PI ^led is then amplified and proportionally converted into a voltage V ^G by transconductance amplifier 170 and is fed to the gate of the current control element, that is to say MOSFET 167, forming a closed loop feedback path. In operation, the transconductance gain G ^m results in a gate bias V ^g that drives its error signal Al ^err to zero, thus forcing I ^ref = PI ^{le d} . For convenience, we redefine p = 1 / a so that we can express the transfer function of the current source as I ^{le d} = around ^f . The same reference current is distributed to all LED strings within the same LED pad to ensure uniform brightness across all LEDs.

In the switched current sink, the digital inverter 171 and an analog transmission gate comprising the p-channel MOSFET 172 and the grounded n-channel MOSFET 173 perform the function of digital enable of input En, controlling the gate of MOSFET 167 of the n-channel current sink. Specifically, when the enable signal En is high, the output of inverter 171 is on ground, turning on the transmit gate 172 of the p-channel MOSFET and turning off the MOSFET 173 of the n-channel. Because the p-channel has a gate connected to ground, it is polarized in a fully on condition, that is, its linear region, and behaves like a resistor, passing the analog voltage V ^G from the output of the transconductance amplifier 170 to the current sink gate of channel-n 167. Conversely, when the enable signal En is low (digital 0), the output of inverter 171 connected to the transmit gate of channel-p MOSFET 172 is biased to 5 V, and channel-n is turned off, disconnecting gate of MOSFET 167 from channel-n current sink from transconductance amplifier output er 170. At the same time, channel-n MOSFET 172 is turned on, pulling from the gate of MOSFET 167 of the current sink to ground and turning off the MOSFET 167 of the current sink, that is, I ^led = 0. In conclusion, the circuit of FIGURE. 20C depicts a circuit for implementing a switching controlled current sink. When the current sink is enabled (En = digital 1), the current sink conducts and carries a controlled current I ^led = to ^ref . When the current sink is disabled (En = digital 0), the current sink is off and the LED I = 0.

Similarly, current source 200a of FIGURE. 22A can be realized by using P channel current mirror MOSFETs to generate a controlled current from the 5V supply to the anode of the LED string 201. FIGURE. 22B illustrates a block diagram representation of this idealized current source 200a showing a current sense and control element 202 driving the gate of a p-channel MOSFET 203. The MOSFET 203 (or alternatively a bipolar junction transistor) keeps the current controlled while holding the voltage across its drain-to-source terminals. Gate bias is provided by current sensing and control element 202 to maintain a constant current despite variations in drain-to-source voltage.

FIGURE. 22C illustrates an implementation of the described constant current source, where the P-channel current mirror MOSFETs 204a and 204b sense the load current I ^led . The ratio of the gate width of MOSFET 204b to the gate width of MOSFET 204A is | 3, where | 3 <1, which means that the current in the mirror MOSFET 204b is a small fraction, but in a Accurate proportion of the LED charging current. This measured current representing a referenced current to the high voltage supply of V ^{le d} of magnitude PI ^led is then introduced into the differential transconductance amplifier 206 and compared with the reference current I ^ref , a current also reflected in the drive rail. V ^led high voltage supply. The differential "error" signal? I ^err comprising the difference between I ^ref and PI ^{le d} then is amplified and proportionally converted into a voltage - V ^g by transconductance amplifier 206 and fed to the gate of the current control element, P-channel of current source MOSFET 203, forming a closed-loop feedback path. In operation, the gain G ^m of the transconductance amplifier 206 results in a gate bias - V ^g that drives its AI ^err error signal to zero, thus forcing I ^ref = PI ^led . For convenience, we redefine p = 1 / a so that we can express the current source transfer function as I ^led = aI ^ref . The same reference current is distributed to all LED strings within the same LED pad to ensure uniform brightness across all LEDs.

In the implementation of the switched current source as shown, digital inverters 211 a and 211b and an analog transmission gate comprising a P-channel MOSFET 207 and a P-channel MOSFET 208 connected with V ^led perform the digital enable function. of the input En, controlling the current source p-channel MOSFET gate 203. Specifically, when the enable of the En signal is high, the output of the inverter 211a is at the plant and the output of the inverter 211 b is at 5 V, Turn on the high voltage level change N channel MOSFET 210a and turn off the high voltage level change N channel MOSFET 210b. With the n-channel 210a MOSFET high voltage level change in its on state, current is conducted through resistor 209a pulling the transmission-gate p-channel MOSFET gate 207 down to a voltage near the ground. and turning on the transistor. Because the P-channel MOSFET 207 has a gate polarized close to ground, the device operates in its linear region, i.e. fully on, behaving like a resistor and passing the analog voltage -V ^g from the output of the transconductance amplifier. 206 to p-channel current source gate MOSFET 203. Simultaneously, since the high-voltage level-shift n-channel MOSFET 210b is off, no current is flowing in resistor 209b, and the gate voltage of the p-channel boost MOSFET 208 is tied to its source, ie to the V ^led , and the transistor is off. As such, whenever the p-channel current source MOSFET 203 is on, the p-channel pull MOSFET 208 is off and has no effect on the gate voltage of the channel MOSFET source 203. -p.

Conversely, when the enable signal En is low (digital 0), the output of inverter 211b is biased to ground, turning off the MOSFET high voltage level shift N channel 210a. Because the high voltage level shift n-channel MOSFET 210a is off, no current is flowing in resistor 209a, and the gate voltage of the p-channel transmit gate MOSFET 207 is V-biased. ^LED that turns off the transmit gate of channel-p MOSFET 207 and disconnecting the output of the transconductance amplifier 205 from the current source of channel-p 203. At the same time, the MOSFET of channel-n 210b turns on, conducting current in resistor 209b and pulling the gate of p-channel lift MOSFET 208 close to the ground and turning on MOSFET 208. With p-channel pull-up MOSFET 208 is on, the source gate 203 p-channel current is polarized to V ^LED , so the current source is polarized and I ^{le d} = 0. In conclusion, the circuit of FIGURE. 22C depicts a circuit for implementing a switched controlled current source. When the current sink is enabled (En = digital 1), the current sink conducts and carries a controlled current I ^led = aI ^ref . When the current sink is disabled (En = digital 0), the current sink is off and the LED I = 0.

It should be noted that the implementation of the current sink circuit of FIGURE.

20C is essentially a low voltage circuit. The only component that requires a specification capable of surviving the V ^led high voltage ^{LED supply} is the N-channel current sink MOSFET 167. This is not the case with the current source circuit of FIGURE. 22C, which requires MOSFETs with high capacity drain-to-source blocking in the off state, and especially P-channel current source MOSFET 203 that must conduct a controlled current while simultaneously maintaining a high voltage, that is, the power source MOSFET. The current should exhibit a wide safe operating area free of snapback and hot carrier reliability concerns. Of particular concern is the nominal maximum gate-to-source voltage of the 207 and 208 p-channel MOSFETs, that is, V ^gsp (max). To avoid damaging the oxide on the door of these devices, the values of resistors 209a and 209b must be chosen carefully so as not to

Specific about fully integrated sink with current switching is shown in FIGURE. 20C and therefore not described in this application.

In all the circuits mentioned above, the control of the LED current depends on a common reference current. To achieve the precision required to control the brightness of the LED, the reference current I ^ref requires active clipping during manufacturing. A method to cut the reference current, using resistors, is shown in FIGURE.

21A. The reference current Uro is determined by the p-channel MOSFET 180a connected by threshold in series with resistor 181. The connection by threshold refers to a MOSFET with its gate connected to its drain to create a two-terminal device where V ^gs = V ^ds . The term "threshold" is used because it represents the voltage at which a rapid increase in drain current occurs, at a voltage close to the threshold voltage V ^tp of the device, that is, V ^gs = V ^ds «V ^t . So the current in the MOSFET 180a of channel = p is approximately Uro «(5V -V ^tp ) / R ^o . This reference current is reflected to other reference MOSFETs 180b to 180e of identical construction and gate width by a shared gate connection to produce multiple matching reference currents U ^f1 , U ^f2 , U ^f3 , I ^ref4, and more. The mismatch of the gate widths W ^p0 = W ^p1 = W ^p2 = W ^p3 = W ^p4 etc. is not a significant source of variability compared to the variability of the resistance R ⁰ in the resistance of the integrated circuit 181. To be able to electrically trim the circuit to compensate for manufacturing variations, I ^ref resistor adjustment circuit 182 includes an array of switched resistors 184a, 184b ... 184n with corresponding resistors R ¹ , R ² ... R ⁿ that can be electrically connected across parallel with resistor 181 (or not) depending on whether the n-channel MOSFETs 184a, 184b ... 184n are biased in a conducting state by gate drivers 185a, 185b ... 185n respectively. For each activated transistor, its corresponding resistor is placed in parallel with resistor 181, reducing the effective resistance R ⁰ and increasing the magnitude of the current Uro. Said clipping method is a one-way clipping down the resistance and up the current, which means that the initial value is the highest resistance and the lowest current. In the manufacturing, the LED current is measured and the combination of the trim MOSFETs turning on and off is adjusted by changing the digital value calibration register 186 until the target current is reached, so the contents of the calibration 186 is written to non-volatile memory. Although this method describing switched parallel resistors represents a resistor setting method, an alternative method involves series connected resistors shorted by driving MOSFETs. In this series tuning method, the value of the resistor with all MOSFETs turned off starts at the value higher with the lower current, and the current increases as the setting progresses and the MOSFETs turn on to short out more resistors.

FIGURE. 21B illustrates an alternative clipping method that uses the MOSFET gate width scale. As in the resistance reference circuit of FIGURE. 21A, in this reference circuit, a reference current Uro driven by a threshold connected p-channel MOSFET 180a is reflected across multiple outputs through identical size MOSFETs 180b at 180e.

However, unlike the previous case, a bandgap reference circuit 190 with a bandgap Vbandgap output produces the reference current. The bandgap voltage is converted to a current by a series resistor and reflected by the current mirror n-channel MOSFET 192a connected to the threshold with a gate width Wn to reflect the MOSFET 192b with gate width YWn to produce the reference current Uro. The temperature dependent output voltage Vbandgap (T) of the bandgap 190 voltage reference can be designed to largely compensate for the temperature variation of the resistor 191 so that y [Vbandgap (T) / R0 (T)] = Uro where Uro becomes constant with temperature. Clipping occurs by changing the effective gate width of the p-channel MOSFET 180a by connecting in parallel any number of threshold connected MOSFETs 193a, 193b ... 193n, having the respective gate widths Wpx1, Wpx2 ... Wpxn According to the digital on / off state of p-channel MOSFET switches 194a, 194b. 194n, which are controlled by digital inverters 195a, 195b. 195n. If, for example, MOSFET 194b is turned on by inverter 195b, then MOSFET 193b is essentially in parallel with p-channel MOSFET 180a and the current mirror gate width increases from Wp0 to a larger value (Wp0 Wpx2) . The larger gate width of the MOSFET pair connected to the threshold means that less voltage is needed to carry the same reference current, thus reducing the current in the output reference currents. In other words, the current mirror ratio between Uro and Uf3, for example, changes from a ratio [Wp3 / Wp0] to a smaller ratio [Wp3 / (Wp0 Wpx2)], which means that the output current passed away with active clipping. As such, the trim is unidirectional starting with the highest output current when the trim MOSFETs are off and decreasing as more transistors are connected in parallel. In manufacturing, the LED current is measured and the combination of the trim MOSFETs turning on and off is adjusted by changing the digital value calibration register 186 until the target current is reached, where the contents of the calibration register 186 they are written in non-volatile. memory.

To vary the reference current and therefore the LED current dynamically, the value of the reference current can be changed digitally by overwriting the calibration register 186 with dynamic data by adjusting or modulating the brightness of the LED, but doing so is a disadvantage as it loses precision. achieved by a calibration reference adjustment during manufacturing. This problem is overcome by the dynamically programmable reference circuit of FIGURE. 21C, which comprises two reference current registers - the aforementioned U ^f calibration register 186, and a single separate dynamic reference target register 199a for a specific PBT treatment. The dynamic target reference current 199a varies with time, while the calibration table does not. In this regard, the data in the calibration table 186 can be considered as a fixed offset of the data in the dynamic target reference current register 199a. The two registers are easily combined using a simple subtraction performed by the ALU 198 arithmetic logic unit to produce a compensated dynamic drive current register, specifically " ^{U f} input word 199b". This digital word is used to drive a digital-to-analog (D / A) converter 197, a digital-to-analog converter that generates an analog voltage based on its digital input. While accuracy can range from 8-bit to 24-bit in resolution, 16-bit DACs, commonly available in many microcontrollers, produce 1,024 combinations - wide resolution for any required waveform synthesis. As shown, the output voltage of the D / AV ^DAC converter is converted to current by resistor 191 and reflected by channel-n MOSFETs 192a and 192b to produce the reference current ^{U n} , where ^{U n} «p [ (V ^dac - V ^tn ) / R ^o ]. This reference current is reflected by the p-channel MOSFET 180a connected to the threshold and the paired MOSFETs 180b, 180c, 180d, 180e ... to produce the corresponding current reference outputs Un, U ^f2 , ^f U ^f4 and so on. successively. The D / A converter 197 may also comprise a current output D / A converter, which produces an analog current instead of producing a voltage. In such cases, the value of resistor 191 is not important and can even be removed.

Once the components of a distributed PBT system are established through layer-2 authentication and layer-3 and layer-4 network and port address assignments, and the LED pad configuration data is exchanged, the distributed PBT system is ready to run treatments. Once the PBT controller receives a user 'start' command, the PBT treatment begins with an exchange of encryption keys or digital certificates between the PBT controller and the smart LED pads connected to the network to establish a layer-5 session. . Once the session is opened, the PBT controller and the pad Smart LEDs keep uv incules safe during file and command exchange until treatment is complete. Security can be made by using encryption on the - 6 layer of the application or on the - 7 layer of the application. Execution of a PBT treatment starts with the use of the same file reproduction or data transmission, described below.

Data transmission in distributed PBT systems

d e a c t i v a tio n of L E D e n u n a a l m o h a d i l l a de L E D, c o m o

^. 18 ^{, the PBT controller in a distributed PBT system does not} need to ^{worry about} how the pad is able to select specific LED strings, how it controls the current of LEDs or is all used to modulate the driving of LEDs. Rather, the PBT controller performs the user interface tasks and pre for driving instructions for the selected treatments. These instructions can be transferred from the PBT controller to the two-way LED pad. In short, the software called an LED player is installed by first on the pad, which is then used to interpret and execute the treatment, and then place a set of instructions to make a transferred output file, instructing the LED player to make the player executable. An alternative approach is for the PBT to send a broadcast file.

In master-slave data transmission, a series of LED instructions are sent sequentially and continuously to indicate the LEDs when to turn on and off. If you look at a file from listening to io, transferring data from the PBT controller to the smart LED panel must occur before running a particular step. The input instruction packets, sending two successive pieces, should be kept at the forefront of the execution of the treatment; otherwise, treatment will stop due to lack of instruction. This ^{process is illustrated in the flow diagram in FIGURE.} 24 ^{which shows the} L ig ht OS operations that occur on the PBT controller host and the L ight P ad OS operations that occur with the smart LED almoh adilla client. Specifically, after a therapy session 250 is selected, the controller and panel operating systems start execution 251a and 251b of the selected session 250. In step 252 yesterday and last time 1 the L ig ht OS transfers a 1st treatment segment to the LED pad, where in step 252 the Light P ad OS executes the 1st treatment segment. At stage 25 3 ayenempot 2 Light OS transfers a 22 nd treatment segment to the LED pad, where step 253 B lo s Light P ad OS executes the 2nd treatment segment. At stage 254 ayenempot 3 Light OS transfers a 3rd treatment segment to the LED pad, where in step 254 the Light P ad OS executes the 3rd segment of treatment, and so on. Finally, in 256 step time tn L ig ht OS transfers a n th treatment segment to the LED pad, where in step 256 blos Light P ad OS executes the n th treatment segment, after which the second sessions 257 to and end 25 7 b.

The transfer of the USB data packet and the execution of instructions during the continuous stream more than one slave is shown in the example of FIGURE. 25. Preparation of treatment instruction 260 occurs while the red LED is off, beginning with instruction LED 261 represented by a hexadecimal digit representing an example of an “LED on” instruction. Instruction 261 is then embedded as the payload for a USB packet, the combination of payload, Instruction 261, with a 262 header. At step 263 the packet is transmitted next, 263 from the PBT controller to the LED pad. Instruction 261 then extracts and decodes into bits 264, which describe which LED should be lit and which should not. The e-mail bits are charged after a high LED 265 and run at a time 266 when the red LED changes from OFF to ON, start a timer to prepare and load the following instruction to turn off all LEDs. Turning the Red LEDs Shown by Transitioning from Off to On

n a t r a n s i c i o n d e n c e n d i d o a a p a g a d o 267 b e n e l g r a f i c o de la p a r t e i n f e r i o r d e la

25 ^.

^, stores in RAM in step 303, in step 304 b, the Light P ad OS informs the host PBT controller that is ready to start the session. Or browse that the user conf irma is ready by selecting the treatment start button 309, in steps 304 to enable the execution instruction starting in step 305 to, where the start command is sent to the LED panel. L ight P ad OS responds in step 305 by initiating treatment by running the 314 treatment algorithm. As the treatment progresses, the LED pad occasionally reports back (step 306 b) to the host PBT controller, including the time, temperature, or other train for the program status, that the PBT controller can go through step 306 a. If a fault condition occurs on the LED pad, then interrupt the 307 ben Light P ad OS and 307 a in L ig ht OS routine to communicate and freely negotiate what to do about the condition causing the interrupt. For example, if during the session, the LED pads are disconnected and then reconnected incorrectly, the session will stop, inform the user of the connection error and tell them how to correct the fault. After the fault is corrected, the interrupt routine is closed and the treatment resumes until in step 308 b the LED pad informs the host PBT controller that the treatment program has been completed. In response, at session end 308, the PBT controller informs the user that the session or treatment has been completed.

iv ossuces treatments that understand different lg orithms to vary in lengths of light age, power levels, modulation frequency and durations. For example, session 315 of PBT, referred to as "inflammation", is intended to accelerate healing by removing (but not eliminating) the inflammation phase of the healing process. Assignment 315 comprises a sequence of steps 314 a, 314 f and 314 b that comprise the somewhat rhythms 23, ^{4, 3 and 17 respectively. Assay 3 1 5 b, titled "Infection," shown in FIGURE.} 29B comprises a sequence of steps 314 c, 314 b and 314 g comprising the salgorithms 49, 17 and 66 respectively. Keep in mind that the 314 treatment that includes thymus 17 was used in both inflammation and infection sessions. The 315 assessment entitled "cure" comprises a sequence of steps 314 g, 314 h, and 314 g comprising the salgorithms 66, 12, and 66 respectively. Bear in mind that some treatment rate 66 was used once in the infection session 315 b and twice in the cure session 315 c.

The sequence of steps to smooth out sessions for inflammation, infection, and healing, found together, conforms to the protocol for injuries 316, first leading to the inflammatory phase of aci or n that involves fibroblasting from col a geno, then apoptosis and cytosis fossilized cytosis, then the wound is infested with cytosis and fossilized cytosis. Finally, once the inflammation starts and all the infection is eliminated, the final step in the protocol or the lesions promotes the healing of the wound by improving the thermodynamic and the necessary introdenergy to feed the growth of the ejido. The injury protocol 316 does not use non-daily tether sessions, but intentionally distributes the first impressions in a period of five times. Instead of

e s i d a d d e i n t e r v e n i r d í a s l i b r e s s e e x p l i c a p o r e l g rá f i c o 317, q u e s e

^. 30 ^{, which describes a model of the fingers is - generalized bifaceted answer} according to the work of A rndt - S chultz [https: / / en. wikipedia. org / wiki / A rndt% E 2% 80% 93 S chu lz _ rule]. According to W ik ip edia, the "rule of A rndt - S chulzo la le y de S chulz" is a le and observed on the effects of f armacosoven in the view of these concentrations. A firm that for each substance: small two are stimulating; the sdosismoderadasinh ib in; large doses kill. There is a large number of exceptions to pharmaceutical drugs, for example, when a small dose of drugs does not do anything else, the theory has worked until it becomes its counterpart as "hormesis", but the treatment in cipios is still undermined and is still undermined. Beyond which the effectiveness of treatment is reduced, recovery may be inhibited.

Despite the controversy over the results of pharmacological studies, the biphasic model in “energy medicine” has been confirmed by numerous studies since the radiotherapy from carc in oma to photobiomodu lation. For example, in cancer therapy, a small group of patients cannot adequately eliminate cancerous cells, while a large number of patients with cancer can rapidly delay the patient, much more quickly than in the case of cancer. try . Adopting the biphasic model or photobiomodu lation, graph 317 represents a pseudo-3 D representation of PBT conditions where the x represents the treatment time; The chosen and orthogonal projected describes the power density of the PBT treatment measure in W / cm 2, and the vertical effect in J / cm 2 or V / cm 2, that is, the power and time product is measured by the observed magnitude of the photobiomodule the ci , the efficacy of the treatment observed in three modes. T oppographically, the graph appears as a coasts, a mountain range, and an inland valley. As shown for low finger treatments known as sub-threshold modes, the treatment has inadequate power, that is, the rate of its intro energy, to do whatever it takes. W ithin ilar, for very short periods, no matter how strong the power is, it does not deliver enough power to trigger the photobiomodule. And notraspa the bras, too much to p id overy little energy invokes the photobiomodu la tion.

P a r a u n a c o m b i n a t i o n d e d u r a t i o n e s d e n s i d a d e s d e p o t e n c i a m o d e r a d a s, e s t i m u l a t i o n s e p r o d u c e d a n d c o m o r e s u l t a d o u n a c u r v a d e r e s p u e s t a m a x im a p a r a d e n s i d a d e s d e p o t e n c i a o d s i s d e e n e r g t a t o t a l p o r e n c im a d e e s t e n iv e l r e s p u e s t a P B T b e n e f i c i o s a and e f i c a c e d e l t r a t a m i e n t o d i s m i n u e n r a p i d a m e n t e e i n c l u s o p h o o d e n i n h i b i r c i c a t r i z a t i o n. P o r s u p u e s t o, lo s l á s e r e s d e n i v e l e s e x c e s i v a m e n t e p o t e n t e s p u e d e n c a u s a r q u e m a d u r a s, d a ñ o t i s u l a r y a b la c i o n (c o t e n). Y a u n q u e l o s L E D s o n i n c a p a c e s de l a s d e n s i d a d e s d e p o t e n c i a d e lo s s e r e s, a ú n p u e d e n f u n c i o n a r c o n a l t a s c o r r a r a m e o s c o r r a m e n o s c o r r a m e n o s c o r r i r a m o n t e n o s c o r r a m e n t e n S in e m b a r g o, e s t a s c o n d i c i o n e s d e t r a t a m i e n t o o c u r r e n m u c h o m á s a l á d e lo s n i v e le s d e p o t e n c i a y la s d o s i s de e n e e r g e m e l e r g í a. The graph on the right of studies [1] confirms the two is (fluence) dependence of PBT efficacy is in deedb ip H asic with a minimum response at 1 J / cm 2, a peak response at 2 J / cm 2 benefits, the reduction at 10 J / cm 2 einh ib ic ió na 50 J / cm 2. L ainh ib ic io n means that the impact or treatment with PBT was worse than not done. P r e s t a r a z o n, j u n t o c o n the s p r e c u p a t i o n e s s o b r e a s e g u r i d to d and c o m o d i d a d d e l p a c e n t e, s t r a t a m i e n t o s c o n P B T d e b e n d i s t r i b u i r s e e n e l t i e m p o and l im i t r s e e n p o t e n c i a and d or s i s (d u r tio n).

Data security in distributed PBT systems

For secure multi-layer communication on the distributed PBT system, the PBT controller operating system (L ig ht OS) and smart LED pad operating system (L ig ht P ad OS) comprise parallel communication batteries that They use the consistent and secret protocols that are shared and are not acceptable to a device operator, hackers, or unauthorized developers. As a whole, the distributed PBT system works on a communication network and protects it with the ability to execute security in any number of communication layers, including data layer - 2, network layer - 3, transport layer - 4 during configuration. 5 in session. presentation layer - 6, or application layer - 7 during operation.

As described, “treatments, sessions, and protocol” defines sequences of excitation patterns and / or parameters, including LED wavelength, modulpattern nation and frequency, treatment duration, and LED intensity (brightness), along with determining the average power, instantaneous, instantaneous power. therapeutic dose (total energy) and, ultimately, therapeutic efficacy. P a r a d e s a l e n t a r la c o p ia o d u p l i c a c i ó n, e s t a s s e c u e n c i a s d e b e n a lm a c e n a r s e y c o m u n i c a r s e d e f o r m a s e g u r a, u t o m o t i f i z a n o s o s o m o t i f. Although some data security methods and security credentials can be executed as part of the application, that is, in L ig ht OS and L ight P ad OS, a fourth level of security can be achieved through the inc lu o n "in the presentation of" a layer host PBT controller communication stack and network smart LED pad customer.

s e c o m p o r t a n c o m o s i e l c o n t r o l a d o r P B T y la a l m o h a d i l l a L E D i n t e l i g e n t e s e c o m u n i c a r a n e n la c a p a 2 c o n lo s p a q u p e t e m o s c o s d i s o s o m o s c o s d

U n to v and z q u e p i l a d e c o m u n i c a c i o n 331 r e c ib e u n p to q u e t e U S B, the c r g u t i l d e t e x t or c i f r e d s e e x t r e and s and t r a n s f i e r e a c a p a d e p r e s e n t a t i o n 5 d o n s e d e s c i f r and s e c o n v ie r t e n t e x t or s in f o r m a t o. E l a r c h i v o de t e x t o s in f o r m a t o s e p a s a a la c a p a 6 d e la a p l i c a c i o n, d o n de e s e j e c u t a d o p o r e l s i s t e m a o p e r a t i v o L i g o h a l D a l D a l D a Whenever the L ig ht OS of the PBT controller and the L ight P ad OS operating system of the smart LED pad are designed to communicate and execute instructions automatically, the directing of the communication aspirates 330 and 331 works as a device which is distributed in 7 Supports the same way as a single piece of hardware in the presentation layer to execute both encryption and decryption in two directions. D e s t a m a n e r a, lo s d a t o s s e p u e de n t r a n s f e r i r e n t r e e l c o n t r o l a d o r P B T y la a l m o h a d i l l a L E D i n t e l i g e n t e. S in e m b a r g o, p a r a e v i t a r la c o p ia de l c o d ig o f u e n t e, la b i b l i o t e c a d e t r a t a m i e n t o s s e a l m a c e n a e n f o r m a c i f r a d a. P a r a m a y o r s e g u r i d a d, la c l a v e d e c i f r a d o u t i l i z a d a p a r a a l m a c e n a r l o s a l g o r i t m o s e s d i f e r e n t e a la c la v e u t i l i o n a c a c a c a p a. P o r t a n t o, a n t e s de q u e u n a r c h i v o de t r a t a m i e n t o p u e d a c o m u n i c a r s e d e f o r m a

u s a n d o la c l a v e de l s i s t e m a 343 c o n v i r t i e n d o e l t e x t o c i f r a d o e n t e x t o p la n o y r e s t a u r a n d o e l t r a t a m i e n t o s in c i f r a r 344. E n e l p r o c e s o d e c i f r a d o 345 e l a r c h i v o d e t e x t o p la n o d e l a l g o r i t m o 17 s e v u e l v e a c i f r a r u t i l i z a n d o la c l a v e d e c i i f r a m a l e a l e a l a l e a l e a l a l e a l a l e a l a l e l a l e a l a l e l a l a l e c

text files to continue, sefusion or 354 and ENC rypted using the decryption key 35 6 exchanged with the smart LED client. T ltextcryptors 35 7 you understand

u e t a 35 8 y s e t r a n s m i t e 35 9 u s a n d o U S B u o t r o m e d io

^. 34 ^{, 3 5 9 data packets are received by} the 228 ^bus interface on the 337 LED pad are first processed to remove the packet headers that extract the 360 payload. The C pad 339 lu ego uncompresses 361 to extract the algorithm or encrypted decrypted code and 362 encrypted code and 362 encrypted text and code. No. 364 which comprises the treatment algorithm or, in the case of a s io n file, the combined algorithm. The combined algorithm or algorithm 366 comprises the executable code 365 in volatile memory 334 a. Since the treatment is saved in the RAM, any interruption in the in-istroke will delete the file, which will make it difficult to copy the executable code to encrypt. ^{As the picture shows .} 35 ^{, the automatic playback of the PBT sequence with} decryption in bulk post-transfer (pre-playback) implies the user selection of session 300 transferring 301 the encrypted file that once received 302 by the LED pad, 390 is decrypted and downloaded into RAM. At step 304 b, the L ight P ad OS informs the host PBT controller that it is ready to start the session. U navigates that the user confirms that he is ready by selecting the treatment start button 309, in the spasos 304 he enables the instruction of the je cuci o n session starting in step 305 a, where the start command is sent to the LED panel. L ight P ad OS responds in step 305 by initiating treatment by executing the 314 treatment algorithm. As treatment progresses, the LED pad occasionally informs the host PBT controller's 306 status, including time, temperature, or other training status, and which PBT controller you can use. to show step 305 a. If a fault condition occurs on the LED pad, then interrupt the 307 ben Light P ad OS and 307 a in L ig ht OS routine to communicate and freely negotiate what to do about the condition causing the outage. After the fault is corrected, the interrupt routine is closed and the treatment resumes until in step 308 b the LED pad informs the host PBT controller that the treatment program has been completed. In response, at session end 308, the PBT controller informs the user that the session or treatment has been completed.

A maximum security can be achieved by storing the gorithm on the ^LED pad in its ^{encrypted form. As the picture shows .} 36 ^{, the incoming 3 5 9} packets received via the 338 bus interface on the LED pad 337 are processed to extract the payload 360, then print 361 is unpacked and then stored as 368 encrypted text in

Distributed PBT System with LED Pad Player

Since the duty factor D is a limited analog value between 0% and 100%, then, for convenience, f (t) is limited to any value between 0.0000 and 1.0000. If f (t) is allowed to exceed 1,000, then the value must be scaled by the maximum value of the function, that is, f (t) = [f (t) ^unscaled ) / f (t) ^max ] or the form Waveform will be clipped to the value 1,000 by the ^ ^p [f (t)] process. The PWM clock frequency called the symbol rate clock O ^sym is given by O ^sym = 1 / T

^pwm . The symbol rate is derived from the O ^sys system clock and must exceed the highest frequency waveform f (t) that is synthesized, or is mathematically described as O ^sys > O ^sym > f (t). The following table describes the time intervals where t ^x = (x - 1) T ^{pwm by} dividing each 500 ms interval into its start time t ^x (on) and t ^x (off).

The second process in the LED player is the PWM layer function 484 P shown in FIGURE. 41, which, in response to its parametric PWM input 491 and Ore ^f reference clock processes synth out data file 488 to produce PWM player output s 493a and 493b. In operation, the PWM player 484 generates a train of G ^pulse (t) pulses 492 pulse width modulated (PWM) comprising the algebraic product G ^synth (t) • G ^pulse (t). The G ^pulse (t) waveform comprises a repeated pulse consisting of a duration t ^on = DT ^pwm and off for a duration t ^f = (1 - D) T ^pwm .

A u n q u e the f u n c i o n of l r e p r o d u c t o r P W M s e p u e d e r e a l i z a r e n h a r d w a r e, s e r e a l i z a f á c i l m e n t e e n s o f t w a r e. D e s c r i t o e n p s e u d o c o d i g o l o g i c o e n t é r m i n o s de u n c o n t a d o r r á p i d o y x (i n c r e m e n t a d o e n c a d a c i c l o), e n t o n c e s:

If (t S x T p w m) A N D (t <((x D) T p w m))

T h e n O U T = Gsynth (t)

E ls e O U T = 0

^{T hecomplete process of LED production is shown in the example in FIGURE.} 43 using the 483 waveform synthesizer, 484 PWM player and 485 LED driver sequentially to generate the 497 LED control flux. Unlike all of the above technique, the activation of LEDs in the distributed PBT system generates fully generated between an LED pad while all the treatment libraries and control of the PBT system in a separate PBT controller or common LEDs are advantageously maintained. The waveform generation process uses even the jofrequency system produced within the LED to perform its areas, thus eliminating the need to distribute high-speed clocks to gas. To ensure synchronization of the 484 PWM player and 485 LED controller with the 483 waveform synthesizer, the system OR system is divided by using software or hardware software to produce the reference OR ref. C omotally, the LED reproduction within a determined LED pad is fully timed. If both the 493 waveform synthesizer and the 484 PWM player emits digital PWM signals comprising repeated transitions between 0 and 1 variable duration digital states, the output of the LED driver is analog or gica capable of boosting the brightness of the LED, wavelengths, or wavelengths, including wavelengths, or wavelengths. Triangular waves, ice-teeth waves, acoustic or acoustic audio samples, sound samples from plates and other transients before hearing when the frequency is within the spectrum of 20 Hz to 20 k Hz, that is, from 0 th to 20 th 9 th octavamus ic al. It also produces modulating LED conduction in the infrasound range, that is, in the - 1 st and - 2 nd octaves, for example, up to 0.1 Hz, or to activate LEDs with continuous current (0 Hz), that is, providing continuous wave function (CW).

C to b e s e n a l a r q u e d e d q u e c a d a p d s e c o m u n i c a d e f o r m i n d e p e n d i e n t e d e f o r m a a s i n c r o n i c a c o n t he c o n t r o l to r P B T and t y or q u e c a d a p d L E D g e n e r s u p r o p i r e f e r e n c i to d e t i e m p o i n t e r n a p a r a r e p r o d u c t i o n o f L E D e s t r i c t a m e n t e h a b n d, e l P B T d i s t r ib u i d o d i v e r g e d e s u n s i s t e m a a s i n c r o n i c. D i c h e s t o d e b i d or the s a l t a s v e l o c i d a d e s d e r e I j, the s r e f e r e n c i a s d e t i e m p o r p r e c i s i o n and r e d d e c o m u n i c a t i o n o f a l t a v e l o c i d to d, f to l t a d e c o n i c i d e n c i to d e t i e m p e n t r e l s to l m or h to d i l l a s L E D e s t to e n e l r a n g o f m i c r o s e c o n d s, and s i m p e r c e p t i b l e e n e l c o n t r o l o f i n t e r f a z d e u s u io r and r e s p h o s t a d and the U X and n or t i e n e n in g u n i m p a c t e n e f i c a c e d e P B T.

Synthesis of Waveforms in Distributed PBT Systems

In distributed PBT systems, a PBT controller controls many smart LED lights, for example 3, 6 or more. D eb id or quantity of smart LED pads As required, the economic consid erations equal to limit the complexity of the LED pads, specifically the cost and processing power of the P 339 pad. At the same time, to manage the cost of the products, the total memory within your LED pad must also be imitated. Limited in power of calculation and memory, the synthesis of shapes within an LED pad in a distributed PBT system requires several criteria to be met:

• L a c a n t i d a d e d a t o s t r a n s f e r i d o s o a l m a c e n a d o s n la a l m o h a d i l l a L E D d e b e s e r l im i t a d a.

• L or s L o c e r s r e g r e d s e n a l m o h a d i l l L E D d e b e n c o m p r e n d e r p r e f e r i b l e m e n t e c to l c u l s a r i t m e t i c s s m p l e s c o m or s u m and r and s t a, e v i t a n d o p r o c e s s s i t e r a t i v or s c o m p l e j o s c o m o f u n c i o n s, or p e r a t i o n s m t r i c i a l e s, e t c. , a m e n o s q u e s e a a b s o l u t a m e n t e i n e v i t a b l e e i n c l u s o e n t o n c e s c o n p o c a f r e c u e n c ia.

• L o s c á l c u l o s d e b e n r e a l i z a r s e e n t i e m p o r e a l c o n u n c o n s u m o m í n i m o de e n e r g í a o c a le f a c c i ó n.

E l f u n c i o n a m i n t o de t a l l a d o de l s i n t e t i z a d o r de f o r m a d e o n d a 483 s e i l u s t r a e n la

Waveform synthesis with unit function generator

^{The operation of the 551 unit function generator is illustrated in FIGURE.} 45 involves selecting a mathematical function and then calculating the value of the function by a number of times to generate function table 554. These functions are known as “one id” functions because they have alogical values and imitate them at least between 0 .0000 and 1.0000. The 560 graph shows an example of a unit function in the timevariant function f (t) = 1, or "constant". Or trafunction, a tooth of a small river that is shown in the Graph 561 is described by the equation f (t) = MOD (tf, 1) where (tf) is the argument of the function dem or du lo y 1 is the base, which means that the function is a fraction of c im alline between 0 and 1 For more than one over a multiplicity of 1, the dulo function returns the remainder, for example if (tf) = 2, 4 then MOD (2, 4) = 0, 4. In the beginning, the functions increase again, then return to zero and become epitomized. Or the function that works up to one and the backtrap downward acerosymmetrically is the wave angle shown in graph 562 which is given by the equation f (t) = 1 - 2 • ABS [MOD (tf, 1) - 0, 5].

The synthesis of unused single waves or a string behind plus unused frequency probes s fa, fb, fc, and magnitudes across A a, A b, A c, respectively, can be described by means of the equation nf (t) = A a (0 .5 0.5 [A as in (2 ntfa) A bs in (2 ntfb) A cs in (2 ntfc)] / [(A a A b A c)]) 0 .5 (1 - A a) .. E steprocess item shownin the figure . 46 m e z c la t r e s o n d a s s i n u s o i d a l e s 564, 565 and 566 c o n g a n a n c i a 580, 581 and 582 r e s p e c t i v a m e n t e, s u m a d a s e n u n m e z c la d o r d i a g i t a l.

The digital sum, the arithmetic sum of binary, octal or hexadecimal numbers, is identical to the sum of numbers of c im ales, except that they only comprise binary or equal binary representations of numbers, that is, based on (b 2), based on eight (b 8). 16), instead based on ie z (b 10). A u n q o o s u m d e i t a l s e p h o d e r e g r r u t i l i z a n d d i s p o s i t i v or s d e d i c to d s, u n ity r i t m e t i c a l or g i c a (A L U) r e s id e n t e d i n t r o d e f u n t i o n d e m i c r o c o n t r o l to r th e to l m or h to d i l l L E D p u e d e r e g r r f a c i l m e n t e a s t r e a s r e q u e r i d s e n m a t e m a t i c a s b in a r i a s. C o n v e r t i r n u m e r o s s e n o t r a b a s e, l u e g o a g r e g a r l o s e n la b a s e a l t e r n a t i v a y c o n v e r t i r l o s d e n u e v o a b a s e 10 p r o s o s d u c e r e d. E s t e p r in c i p i o de e q u i v a l e n c ia s e m u e s t r a e n la s i g u i e n t e t a b l a d e j e m p l o p a r a la s u m a d e t r e s n ú m e r o s e n d i f e r e n e s b a s. E n e l c o n t e x t o f the s i n t e s i s d e f o r m a s d e o n d, l or s n u m b e r o s q u e s e s u m a n r e p r e s e n t a n it s v a l o r e s i n s t a n t to n e o s d e t r e s o n d a s s i n u s i t l e s e n u n m o m e n t o d e d, s u m d s p a r a p r o d u c i r u n a s u m d i g i t a l d and l or s t r e s n u m b e r o s. For illustrative purposes, the values of the unusable waves have been increased ten times, that is, where A x fx (L) and where A x = 10 for x = 1 to 3. For example, at a specific moment of time 1, the value of the functions fa (L)) = 1 ; fb (b)) = 0.5; and fc (t 1)) = 0.5. In cases where the profit factors are evenly weighted, that is, where A a = 10, A b = 10 and A c = 10, then the sum 10 (I fx (L)) = 20. To convert this number to a unit function, the resulting sum must be This is the only fractional ratio between a result between 0, 000 and 1, 000, a task performed by the 584 autoranging function.

For each time point t ^x , dividing A ^x (I f ^x (t ^x )) by the sum of the gain multipliers (A ^a + A ^b + A ^c ) provides an average of the combined chord. In the case of uniform weighting, that is, where A ^x = 10, the sum of these gain factors (A ^a + A ^b + A ^c ) = 30. Applied to the previous sum, the automatic range scale converts the sum of 20 in the autoranging scaled number 20/30 = 0.666, the same number obtained by averaging three numbers that have instantaneous values of 1.0; 0.5 and 0.5. The autorange function also works when sine waves are combined with non-uniform weighting, where one or more frequency components of the sine wave dominate the mix. For examp le, a mixture in which A ^a is 20% of the total, A ^b is 40%, and in which A ^c = 40% yields the next signal mixture of the

In this case (A ^a + A ^b + A ^c ) = 100 while g (t) = 70, so the output of the autoranging function is 0.7. The autorange function employs a positive multiplier Aa> 0 is used to scale the signal to compensate for magnitude compression. Because the scalar Aa changes not only the function but also changes its average value, the correction term DC offset 0.5 (1- Aa) is added to the sum of sine waves to re-center the function midback down to 0.5 .

FIGURE. 47 illustrates various sine waves and sine wave chords made according to the unit function generator. In the examples shown, three sinusoidal waves separated by one octave (ie, f ^c = 2f ^b = 4f ^a ) are generated with various gain factors to produce a variety of complex functions. The gain factors [A ^a , A ^b, A ^c ] control the mixing or "blending" of frequency components. Because the components are averaged, the gain factors may be less than positive. However, for convenience, the three factors can be found in percentage terms. In some cases, the weighting factors are zero, which means that the ^{particular frequency sine wave is absent from the mix. P ore je mp it, enelgr FICO 5 6 4, [A a, A} b, ^{A c] = [1, 0, 0] demodoqueso it is to present} to ^{the sinusoidef. In the same way, in the graph 5 6 5 where [A} a ^{, A} b, ^A c ^{] = [0, 1, 0], only the octava sinusoid is present on average af} b and in the ^{graph 5 6 6 where [A} a ^{, A} b, ^A c ^{] = [0, 0, 1], only the sinusoidal octave is present.}

He also illustrates a variety of chords and I mixed the two. E 567 LGR FICO ^combination muestrauna ^{or nponderadauniformemen tedesinusoidesdefrecu ia sf enc yf Elgr} b ^{Fico 5 6 8 representaunacombinac or inusoidesdefrecuenc nuniformeponderadades ia i sf yf yelgr} b ^{Fico 5 June 9 or inusoidesdefrecuenc nuniformeponderadades representaunacombinac i} b ^f c ^{ia sf. M ezc the equal mixed shapes of an oidal wave with 2/3} rd ^{frequency weighting f} a ^{and 1/3} rd ^{sine wavefrequency f} b is ^{shown in the 5 7 0 graph. T resmix the} sinusoidal ^{wavelengthsinc} lu and the 572 weighted chord uniformly eyela the 571 chord of the ^{sinusoidal wave} weighted the same way ^{where [A} a ^{, A} b, ^A c ^{] = [0, 2; 0.4; 0.4]. The algebraic calculation in (0) where 0 = f} x ^{tparax = a, b, c ... requires the calculation of a series of powers} [http: / / www 2. clarku. edu / ~ djoyce / trig / compute. html] paracadaeva lu aci ó ns in (0)

(fat) 3 (fat) 5 (fat) 7 (fat) 9 (fat) 11 (fat) 13

Sin (fat) = (fat) - ^ ^ 5 L.

7! 9! eleven! 13!

(fbt) 3 (fbt) 5 (fbt) 7 (fbt) 9 (fbt) 11 (fbt) 13

sin (fbt) = (fbt) - ^ ^ -

"7! 9! 11! 13!

(fct) 3 (fct) 5 (fct) 7 (fct) 9 (fct) 11 (fct) 13

sin (fct) = (fct) - i | ^ ^ _

7! 9! eleven! 13!

Synthesis of Waveforms with Primitive Processor

An alternative method, much less computationally intensive and better suited to the limited computing power of the pP 339 LED pad, is to use a table query that evaluates a function. For periodic functions, the value of the function in regular increments of the period, for example, at fixed angles or fixed percentages, can be pre-calculated and loaded into tables referred to herein as function "primitives". For example, since the value of a sin (0) depends on the angle of its argument 0 where

sin0 ° = 0

sin 15 ° = (V6 - V 2) / 4

without 30 ° = 1/2

sin 45 ° = V 2/2

sin 60 ° = V 3/2

without 75 ° = (V6 V 2) / 4

without 90 ° = 1

Since the sine function is periodic, there is no reason to recalculate the same values each time sin (0) evaluation is required. In such a case, the use of a look-up table is potentially beneficial.

Lookup tables, however, face several fundamental obstacles: on the one hand, the table can only return a value from the function in the same input condition as it was previously calculated for, that is, with the same argument. J UST because the table contains the value of sin (45 °) does not mean that you know the value of sin (22 °). In a subroutine call to a lookup table, the input argument is unlikely to match its available arguments, unless the two are developed together to ensure that they use the same values. Another issue in using lookup tables is the rigid equation problem, performing high-resolution synthesis waveforms across many orders of magnitude of frequency. For example, if a 20 kHz (9th octave) sinusoid is synthesized using PWM methods with 16-bit precision, the required sample rate is (20,000 Hz) (162) = 1,310,726,000 Hz or approximately 1.3 GHz. If In the same simulation, an infrasound excitation pattern at 0.1Hz (-2nd octave) is added to the chord, the period of the low frequency wave component is T = 1 / f = 1 / (0.1Hz) = 10 sec. This means that to maintain the required resolution in the ninth octave while synthesizing a single 10-second infrasonic wave a table of (1.3GHz) (10sec) = 13 thousand is required. million datapoints. A very dense data table requires too much time to transfer the PBT controller to the smart LED panel, but it also requires too much memory.

To solve the problem of stiff scotizing while ensuring that the scripts still match that between the subroutine calls and the search tables, a method is all inventive to be described in this document or use prim itives of waveform or lines, or a number of pre-defined waves (or pre-defined rounds) with pre-defined rounds or waves, ie. Sharing a common rich base, for example base 2. The term “primitives” is used here to mean tabulating time in each description of a waveform - whereby the waveform is described using specified arguments regarding the timeperiod of the total time and the absolute time of the function. For example, in line functions such as a wavelength, enter a cylindrical (Cartesian) guideline in the search table to return a unique value. In a line id of a row that passes from 0 to 1 during a period T, the input weighs in an id, where at 25% of T the function "saw (p)" has a value of 0.25, at 78% of T the function saw ( p) has a value of 0, 78, etc. To accommodate repeated cycles, it is beneficial to express the input of argument "p" using the mod function of the MOD (argument, limit) where MOD (p, 1) for positive inputs returns a value between 0 and 1, that is, the remainder after division by m lt ip loenterom á sgrandedell í mite. For example MOD (0, 78, 1) = 0, 78, MOD (5, 78, 1) = 0, 78 and MOD (z .78, 1) = 0, 78 for whatever value is greater. In total, only data is required to cover one period T to describe what the repeating waveform is.

The same function is applied to the daspo res coordinates. L aeva lu ations in (MOD (0, 36 0 °)) produces a short sequence of values between in (0 °) and sin (3 59, 99 ... °). At 360 ° the full cycle is repeated because in (MOD (360 °, 360 °)) = s in (0 °). Take into account that in the same way as in the calculation, the angle or disin ocua sarguments which other trigonomic function is expressed in radii, not degrees, but the principle of the function shows it and its application continues. Or sing the function of the same as described, the size of an okup table for which periodical function may be imitated even during the reduction of the size of the table of spectacular shape. The number of data pairs in each search table, therefore, equals the pr in cipal resolution ^ by providing a one-to-one spondency match with an input OR x to a table of b ú squedays used fx where for the uieroctavax, the re la c io n describes the transformation O x = ^ x the subroutine of the table must be searched.

f 8 = O s / & 8

f3 = O 3 / & 3

f 1 = O 1 / &

yen general fx = O x / & x. Then, in operation, the 552 processor implementation deprives of 10-octave waveform summation uses nine binary counts 598 to 590 to generate frequency of what the input O g = O sym and lo je s comprise.

tuner (counter) 599. For convenience, the symbol rate is sym is equivalent to clock signal 9 for ninth-octave waveform synthesis, but this relationship is arbitrary. Any symbol rate higher than the PWM resolution of the highest synthesized frequency, where 0sym ^ s ^ and m fmax will suffice. The counter cascade can be realized by hardware or software. Although a ripple counter can be used, a synchronous counter is preferred to avoid clock phase shift. A ripple counter is a counter cascade where the output of each counter stage is instantly available at the same time the next stage is entered. Due to the propagation delay through each stage of the counter, the outputs of the higher frequency clocks change state before the lower frequency clocks. Therefore, the state changes "curly s" down the cascade, where the first clock 09 changes state, followed a moment later by 08 and then 07, 06, 05, and so on. rippling like a wave that cuts across the surface of a pond.

In contrast, a synchronous counter works synchronously, where although the digital counter takes time to ripple through the counter chain, the outputs only change at the same time as a sync clock pulse. In this way, the ripple of the signal through the counter cascade is invisible to the user. More specifically, whether implemented in hardware or software, a synchronous counter functions like a wave counter but with a D-type flip-flop [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip-flop_(electronics)] outputs blocked. The D flip-flop retains its previous state until it is enabled by a latch signal with the corresponding truth table, that is, the high or low state of the data input is copied to the latch output only when the clock of sync goes up, after which the sync clock may go low and the flip flop output will remain locked in any state at input D at the time of the last sync clock pulse until the next sync pulse occurs. During that interval between clock pulses, the output of each counter stage can change without the transition appearing at the counter output. To avoid schematic clutter, counters 599 to 590 can represent a synchronous counter without explicitly picting the D of the latch flip-flop or a n and sync clock input. To ensure that the clock transitions are fully rippled through the counter cascade before updating the state of clock outputs 09 to 00, the sync clock pulse is derived from the synthesized frequency clock state transition plus low, in this example represented as 00.

The symbol rate O ^sym feeds the counter cascade is generated from the system clock frequency O ^sys using a 599 programmable counter “tuner”. The symbol clock rate O ^sys is generated to produce an output frequency maximum f ^max at resolution ^ ^sym . The primitive resolution value ^ ^sym is a programmable input to tuner 599 that can be changed depending on the waveform synthesis being performed. The numeric variable ^ ^sym , referred to here as "primitive symbol resolution" is defined as the resolution of the highest synthesized frequency where ^ ^sym = O ^sym / f ^max has a value that can range from 24 to 65,536 depending on the required synthesis precision. For example, selecting ^ ^sym = 96 in sine wave synthesis means that po the highest pitch sine wave in the synthesizer is related to the symbol clock frequency by the relation O ^sym = ^ ^sym f ^max = 96 f ^max where 90 ° of arc uses 24 points, one point every 3.75 °. In operation s rocedimien t uner 599 produces the entire cascade of frequencies derived from and tuned to the symbol clock O ^sym rate. The resolution of the ^ ^sym does not need to match the resolution of the lower octave lookup tables. Different levels of precision ^ can be used for lookup tables 619 to 600, or alternatively, the same precision lookup table can be used to generate some or all of the required frequency components. Alternatively, the same lookup table can be used for each generated sine wave. In such cases, each sine wave frequency f ^x has identical precision ^ = % 7 ... ^ ¹ = ^ô .

Because the entire counter cascade is driven from a common symbol clock frequency O ^sym the exact frequency ratio of the synthesized waveforms is precisely defined by the counter frequency O ^x and the resolution of the lookup table. corresponding ^{x ^} . Although this relationship is shown using binary counters (divide by 2), there is no restriction as to what the divisor of the counter can be. It is convenient to divide by two because it is equivalent to halving the frequency, equivalent in musical scales to one octave or twelve semitones. However, counters can use any cascading combination of counters, each with different dividers. Alternatively, programmable counters, where the count is loaded into the counter. Furthermore, given that the counters operate at the same time fixed and complete a period of full oscillation in each of the data points, that is, a complete cycle of a search engine must be searched, then the time of two periods and the phase of loss is precisely known. Given, for example, two sinusoidal waves that have frequencies fx and fy where

fx = O x / Sx

fy = O y / Sy

e n t o n c e s la r e la ció n d e f r e c u e n c ia de la s f o r m a s d e o n d a v i e n e d a d a p o r

fx _ ^ x ^ y

^{f and} ^ y ^ x

E s t a r e la c ió n e s i l u s t r a t i v a d e q u e e l e s c a la d o d e f r e c u e n c ia s e p u e d e r e a l i z a r c a m b i a n d o e l r e lo j O x o c a m b i a n d u a la r e s o l. P r e j and m p, s i p r e s e n t r u n r e s o lu tio n c o n s t a n t e d e b u s q u e d s e u t i l i z a c u a n d Sx = Sy = 24, and n t o n c e s r e la tio n d e f r e q u e n c e s fx / fy o f a s o n d a s s i n u s i t l e s s i n t e t i z e d s d e p e n d e s or so th e r e c t i o n d e v e l o c i d a d e s d e r e I j O x / O and

f x _ ^ x

^{f and} $ y

In such cases, with the right frequency ratio j O x / O y = 4, the results for the same sinusoidal ndash of the same hand are two octav as different, for example, the notamus ic to A at 1 760 Hz in the 6th octave and the notamus ic to A at 440 H zen the 4th eighth. FIGURE . 48 B illustrates a waveform without examples adding where or the 6th and 4th switch octave 606 and 604 are enabled and used to access the data in the wavestab unusable from the search 61 6 and 614 each waveform ne a printout resolution 6 S 6 expand and add S 4 = 24 amplifiers are added. 624 below is mixed in node added ig ital of 630 to produce a mix of the output format. In operation, the tuner (counter) 599 will generate the same symbol O sym from the system O sys. The cascade of - f2 counters 598, 597, and 596 divide the symbols for the j O sym to produce 6 th re lo joctave O s and by counters 595 and 594 to generate 4 th re lo joctave O 4.

The resulting chord of 2 sine waves is given by the sum

g (t) = 0.5 0.5 [Ae sin (fe t) A4 sin f t)] = 0.5 + 0.5 [Ae sin (Osym t / 192) A4 sin (Osym t / 768)]

The multiplier 0.5 0.5 [periodic expression] is used to scare the maximum magnitude of the sine wave from ± 0.0 to ± 0.5 centered on a zero average value. The 0.5 adder shifts the curve up by 0.5 to span a positive range between 0.000 and 1.000. By allowing eighth switch 601 as shown in FIGURE. 48C, the components of the 611 lookup table driven by the O1 clock are added to the chord. Clock O1 is generated from clock 04 using counters 593, 592, and 591. The aggregate 1st octave frequency component is given by

and the resulting chord of 3 sine waves is given by the sum

g (t) = 0.5 + 0.5 [A ^e sin (f ^e t) A ⁴ sin ft) A ¹ sin (ft)] = 0.5 + 0.5 [A ^e sin (O ^sym t / 192) A ⁴ sin (O ^sym t / 768) A ¹ sin (O ^sym t / 6144)]

As described, the above synthesis method uses a single primitive waveform to simultaneously generate two or three sine wave strings.

Additional details of primitive processor operation are illustrated in the single primitive chord synthesis illustrated in FIGURE. 49. As shown, the tuner 599 comprises two counters: the system clock counters 640 and the c symbol lock counter 641. The system clock counter is a counter that converts the system clock gC having a frequency Or ^sys at a reference clock frequency OR ^ref at a convenient fixed frequency (for example, 5 MHz). The symbol clock counter then converts O re t the right frequency of the symbol O s and m used to define the reference frequency of the counter cascade for the synth no id al use. In the example shown, counters 598 to 5 93 comprise b inary counters, which generate multiple sinusoidal frequencies each time it is separated by an eighth, as described in the table above. I nspect more deeply the disclosures ofions in search of a cascade of deciderb in ario:

• L a f r e c u e n c ia de r e lo j O x e n c a d a o c t a v a e s u n m ú l t ip l o d e 2 d e la f r e c u e n c ia d e s í m b o l o O sym.

• L a f r e c u e n c ia fx d e c a d a o c t a v a e s u n m ú l t ip l o d e 2 d e la f r e c u e n c ia max im a s i n t e t i z a d a fmax q u e e s, s in l i m i t a c ió n, q u t a l e c e i l u s a l e th e i l u s a l e th e i l u s a l e th e i l u s a l e th e i l u s a l e th e i.

In this regard, the disclosed primitive processor represents a "tuned" system in which the entire multi-octave synthesizer is set to a single "key" frequency analogous to tuning a monophonic musical instrument to a single note or key, for example, an instrument tuned in the key of A. For this reason, the operation of the symbol clock counter 641 is set by two parameters, namely, selection of the f ^key 642 and the lookup table 645 having a primitive resolution $ ^sym . As shown, lookup table 645, stored in volatile or non-volatile memory within the LED pad, is selected by some identifier such as hexadecimal code 643, or some equivalent binary code 644 thereof.

Since the entire synthesizer is tuned in multiples of an octave, the choice of f ^key select input 642 is arbitrary. For convenience, digital tuning can be based on international frequency standards for tone. For example, the pitch "A" above the middle C in the fourth octave has a frequency of 440 Hz. This 440 Hz pitch is considered the general tuning standard for musical pitch [https://en.wikipedia.org / wiki / A440_ (pitch_standard)]. Known as A440, A ⁴ or the Stuttgart field, the International Organization for Standardization classifies it as ISO-16. Adapting this standard to the processor primitive, the synthesizer described is tuned to a specific key by s choosing a note or frequency in the fourth octave.

Specifically, the 642 key select input sets the note or frequency in the ^48th octave to which the entire synthesizer is tuned. If the synthesized high frequency is chosen to be in the nine eighth ^th audio spectrum and arbitrarily select the four eighth ^th as the range of input frequency for tuning the synthesizer, then the ^9th eighth and fourth octave differ ^5th octaves. Since 2 ⁵ = 32, it means that f ^max = f ⁹ = 32f ⁴ and adjust according to the key select 642 the maximum frequency f ^max = 32f ^key . Given 0 ^sym = $ ^sym f ^max then 0 ^sym = ^ sym (32 fk ey). P orexample, sett in g “selection key” at 440 H z (A is standard for C med ia image) where f4 = 440 H z and where fmax = 32 fkey = 32 (440 H z) = 14, 080 H zesca The automatically all synth-frequency spectrum is available until f9 = 14.080 H z, fa = 7.040 H z, f 7 = 3.520 H z, fe = 1.760 H z, fs = 880 H z, f 4 = 4400 H z, f 3 = 220 H z, f 2 = 110 H z, fi = 55 H z, fe =

O sym = W n (32 fk e y) = 24 (32) (440 H z) = 337, 920 H z,

Tsym = 1 / O sym = 1 / (337, 920 H z) = 2.96 g s

These symbol statuses correspond to an asynthesized max x im recurrence fmax in the ninth eighth where fmax = f 9 = 0 sym / ^ sym = (337 .920 H z) / 24 = 14, 080 H z with a corresponding icon T 9 = 1 / f9 = 71 .02 gsg, which is also equivalent to Tsym ^ sym = (2, 9592 ... gs) (24) = 71 .02 gs.

A l e s t a b l e c e r u n r e f e r e n c i to d e t i e m p o u t i l i z e d i n the c a s c a d a d e l c o n t to r b i n e r, t a b l a d e p r im i t i v a s d e s e n or i n d e p e n d i e n t e o f t i e m p or 645 s and t r a n s f o r m e n u n d e s c r i p t i o n b a s e d e n e l t i e m p o d e f u n t i o n 646 a, e s p e c t f i c a m e n t and g (t). E l m i s m o s í m b o l o de r e lo j d e l r e lo j O sym e s la b a s e de t i e m p o p a r a la g e n e r a c i o n de e r e lo j e s 06 y 04 u s a d o p a r a s in t e t i z a r 6 th y a v e 4 th o c 64

06 = 0 s and m / 8 = (337, 920 H z) / 8 = 42, 240 H z, h a v in g a p e r i o d 1/06 = 1 / (42, 240 H z) = 23 .67 g s

04 = 0 sym / 32 = (337, 920 H z) / 32 = 10, 560 H zhav in gaperiod 1/04 = 1 / (10, 560 H z) = 94 .79 gs

E s t o s r e lo j e s s e u t i l i z a n p a r a s in t e t i z a r d o s o n d a s s i n u s o i d a l e s s i n c r o n a s q u e t i e n e n f r e c u e n c ia s fe y f4 c o n l a s e f e s i g u n

f 6 = 06 / ^ 6 = (42, 240 H z) / 24 = 1,760 H zwithacorrespondingpe riod T 6 = 1 f = 568 gs f4 = 0 V ^ 4 = (10, 560 H z) / 24 = 440 H zwithacorrespondingpe riod T 4 = 1 / f4 = 2,273 gs

D e la m a n e r a p r e s c r i t a, l a s o n d a s s i n u s o i d a l e s d e ig u a l r e s o l u c i o n p e r o d e d i f e r e n t e f r e c u e n c ia s e p u e d e n s in t u s o i d a l e s d e ig u a l r e s o l u c i o n p e r o d e d i f e r e n t e f r e c u e n c ia s e p u e d e n s in t u s o i d a l e s d e ig u a l r e s o l u c i o n p e r o d e d i f e r e n t e f r e c u e n c ia s e p u e d e n s in t u s o i d a m e n s in t u s o c o n e p u n u a i r c o n e p u a i r i o n e p u i r i E n o t r a s p a la b r a s, la t a b l a p r im i t i v a e s t a b l e c e la f o r m a d e la o n d a m i e n t r a s q u e la r e s o l u c i ó n ^ y lo s r e lo je s c o n t a d o r e f a s c e n e s d e n a s e n o s d e n o s ia r s a s d e n a s e n o s d e n a s The following table shows the relationship between the argument of the unused function or measured in degrees (or radii), the unitary normalized unused wave function 0, 5 0, 5 s in (0), and the times corresponding to the sine states that Frequencies fmax in the 9th, f6 in the 6th and f4 in the 4th.

A u n q u e t a b l a r e v e l u n p a t r o n d e t a l l e d i n t r e 0 ° and 90 °, and n to r s o f b r e v e d d, the s d e s c r i p t i o n e s d e t a l l a d a s d e 15 ° th e s o t r o s t r e s c u a d r a n t e s s o n r and d u n d n t e s and s e h a n e x c lu id or (d e b i d or q o o s i n u s i d e e s u n a f u n t i o n s i m e t r i c a, l o s c u a t r c u to d r a n t e s s e p h o d e n c o n s t r u i r p a r t i r o f d t or s d e u n c u a d r a n t e). E l t i e m p o r e q u e r i d o p a r a c o m p l e t a r e l c i c l o d e 360 ° d e u n a o n d a s in u s o i d a l, e s d e c i r, e l p e r í o d o T, d e p e n d e la f r a o s e c u e n. P o r e j e m p lo, d e a c u e r d o c o n lo s c á l c u l o s a n t e r i o r e s, la s o n d a s s i n u s o i d a l e s q u e t i e n e n f r e c u e n c ia s f 9, f6, a n d e f4 y s p o m p r 71, f6, a n d e f4 y s p o m p o s d e f8 y p o m p r e n 71 Specifically, the value of the function 0, 5 0, 5 sin (0) = 1 when the argument 0 = 90 ° = n / 2. The period of the inusoidal wave T occurs four times this duration, when 0 = 360 ° = 2 n. P o r e j e m p lo, u n a o n d a s i n u s o i d a l d e s e x t a o c t a v a s i n t o n i z a d a e n la c l a v e d e A r e q u i e r e 142 g s p a r a c o m p l e t a r u n c u a r t o c t o s 142 (142 g s p a r a c o m p l e t a r u n c u a r t o s.

FIGURE. 50 illustrates the chord synthesis described combining two sine waves using a single waveform primitive, using clocks generated from a binary cascade counter, the time-independent time-based waveform primitive, in this example with a resolution ^ ^sym = ^{x ^} = 24 (not shown), is transformed into time-based sine wave tables 647 and 648 in a key of D comprising frequencies of f ^e = 1,168 Hz and f ⁴ = 292 respectively. The components are sine waves then increase or decrease in amplitude by amplifiers 626 and 624 digital gain having gain multiplier A ^e and A ⁴ arithmetically performed using digital multiplication operations. The two sine waves are then mixed by digital summing node 630 to produce the sum g (t) where ...

g (t) = * 6 [0.5 0.5 sin (f6t)] * 4 [0.5 0.5 sin (f4t)]

= 0.5 [* 6 A4] 0.5 [* 6 sin (f6t) * 4 sin (f4t)]

Using a weighted average with a divisor (A6 A4) produces ...

During averaging, the term [A6 A4] does not affect the 0.5 offset because it appears in both the numerator and denominator of the fraction of the modification of the mean value of the function.

E l s e g u n d o p r o p o s i t o de la f u n c i o n d e r a n g o a u t o m á t i c o, e s d e c i r, m a x im i z a r e l c o m p o n e n t e s e n o p o r A a a e s c a la c o m p e c h e b e d e s c a la c o m p e b e d i r o m p l e b e P a r a e v i t a r c a m b i a r e l v a l o r p r o m e d i o d e 0, 5, the f u n c i o n d e r a n g o a u t o m á t i c o d e s c r i t a e n e s t e d o c u m e n t o u s a u n c a i r o 1 d e c o r o r (1 d e c o r o r)

C o m o s e d e s c r i b e, the s u m g (t) s e e s c to m e d i n t and the f u n t i o n d e r a n g o u t o m a t i c 631 m e d i n t e e l e s c to r [A a / (A 6 A 4)] q u e r e g r u n p r o m e d i o p o n d e r e d d e l o s c o m p o n e n t s o f the o n d s in u s i t l j u n t or c or n m u l t ip l i c a t i o n d i g i t a l p r e l f a c t o r d e g a n a n c i a A a. The waveform is variable at the time of (t) 553 that is shown in bular format 649 describes a chord of 655 unusoidal waveforms of frequency s fe and f 4 that have a mean value of 0.5 diode and the ability to ximize the amplitude of the function per period of 0, 000 s in the range 0, 000 in the range 0, 000 in the range 00. or n. E l g e n e r a to r 555 d and P W M p r o c e s e n t o n c e s f (t) m e d i n t e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n P W M 0 p [f (t)] p r o d u c i e n d d t o s 488 d e s a l i t d e s i n t e t i z e d r q u e c o m p r e n d e n u n a c a d e n to 499 d e d t or s P W M, d and n or m i n e d s i n t e t i z e d r Gsynth (t). A d i f e r e n c i to d e f (t) q u e e s a n a l or g i c, and l s i n t e t i z e d r Gsynth (t) and s d i g i t a l e n a m p l i t u d and c to m b i e n t r e u n e s t e d 0 (b jo) and 1 (a l t o) c o m o u n to s e r ie s e q u e n c i a l o f p u ls o s i n c o r p o r a n d i n f o r m a c i o n a n a l or g i c e n s u s a n c h o s o f p u ls or v r ia b l e s.

A problem that arises from the disclosed method of synthesis is the rule of quantification. Although no single sinusoidal wavelength suffers from this problem, when more sinusoidal probes are added, the ru id or appears in the waveform. This steor ig endelru id is illustrated in ^FIGURE. 51 ^{A, where a hull of binary counters 5 9 6 to 5 9 3 is used to produce three clocks} O s, 0 5, 0 4, each with half the frequency of its input. Using this fixed primary display of ^ = 24, the resulting frequency sinusoidal probes sf 6, fs, and f 4 are displayed in tabular format in data table 651. The inspection reveals that although the coughs for the frequency f 6 have a unique - to a correspondence at the time of the lo j O 6, the other frequencies do not change rapidly. For example, both para = 0.1727 and para =

f6 = 06 / ^ 6

f5 = 06 / ^ 5 = 06 / (2 f c)

f4 = 06 / $ 4 = 06 / (4 &)

C o m o t a le s, l a s f r e c u e n c ia s s i n u s o i d a l e s f6, f 5 y f 4 g e n e r a d a s a p a r t i r d e u n r e lo j c o m ú n t o d o s f a c t o r e s d e d o s e n e m a l r t e s í 66 D e s t a m a n e r a, I know

fx _ DxEy _ Ey

fy _ DyEx _ Ex

^{produceunafrecuenc ia dere it is to jdonde O} sym sym ^{definidoporelratio O / O} ref ^{= (3 2} and y ^{f) / (5} MH z) deacuerdocon the entradadeselecci or ndetecla 642, unanotaoteclaen the cuartaoctava. In the cascade of counters comprising the 590 tuner, and three counters divided ^{by 8 6 7 2, 6 7 3 and 6 7 4, they generate four frequencies to produce the O} sym ^{, 0} 6 ^{= O} sym ^{/ 8, O 3 = O} sym ^{/ 6 4, and O 0 = O} sym ^{/ 5 1 2. Although the 6 7 2 to 6 7 3 4} counters each ^{comprise a} counter in each river of three stages, for brevity they are represented as simple counters ^ 8.

^{The most frequent jumps out of the waterfall, the lo j O} sym ^{symbol, is used for synth arondes sinusoidal in four bands. I n O} sym ^{bandasuperior seusaparagenerarondas s in usoidalesf 9, f} 8 and ^f 7 ^{ores deacuerdoconlosselect 6 0 9 6 0 8 6 0 7 respectively. If you enable a torselector switch, the pu ls oder it to O} sym ^{detaches to the table to search for unused waves corresponding to 6 9 9, 6 9 8 or 6 9 7 to produce waves without your solids f} 9 ^{, f} 8 ^{and f 7 as} desired.

To generate the sinusoid f 3, f 2, and f 1 on the lower scale, the j 06 is divided by 8 on the 673 counter to produce the j frequency below 0 3. If the ctor switch 603, 602 and 601 is enabled, the clock pulse comprising 0 3 = 0 sym / 64 is passed to the corresponding sine wave lookup table 693, 692 or 691 to produce sine waves f 3 , f ² and f ¹ as shown want. Specifically, sine wave 693 with resolution ^ ³ = 24, if enabled, produces a sine wave f ³ with frequency f ³ = 0 3 /% ³ = 0 sym / (64 ^). This sine wave has a frequency f 3 of 1/2 th of the selection frequency of the f key and 1/1536 th of the symbol frequency 0 sym . On the same lower scale, sine wave 692 with resolution % 2 = 48, if enabled, produces a sine wave f ² with frequency f ² = 0 ³ / ^ ² = 0 sym / (128 £ j ). This sine wave has a frequency of 1/4 th the f key frequency selection key and 1 / 3.072 th of the symbol frequency 0 sym. Similarly, the 691 sine wave with resolution ^ ¹ = 96, if enabled, produces 1/8 th sinusoidal f ¹ with a frequency f ¹ = 0 ³ / ^ ¹ = 0 sym / (256 ^ ³ ). This sine wave has a frequency of 1/8 th the f key frequency selection key and 1 / 6.144 th of the symbol frequency 0 sym . Since the generation of sinusoids with frequencies f 3 , f ² and f ^{1 1} comes from the same clock frequency 0 ³ = 0 s and m / 64, the waveform synthesis uses the same time increments, so within The lower scale avoids the aforementioned problem of scanning error.

The counter cascade can also be used to generate infrasonic drive of LEDs, that is, sine waves with frequencies below 20 Hz. As shown, the output of the division-by-8674 counter that has a clock frequency of 0 0 = 0 sym / 512, if chosen with selector 600 it produces a sine wave f ⁰ with a resolution ^ ⁰ = 24 where the generated frequency is given by f ü = 0 0 / ^ ⁰ = 0 sym / (512 ^ ⁰ ) . Using the above principles, the concept of scaling can be extended to produce two lower infrasonic frequencies f ^{- 1} and f ^{- 2} (as desired) by including two additional sinusoidal lookup tables with respective resolutions 48 and 96 driven by the clock 0 0 .

In the above discussion, the use of time increments that comprise constant intervals minimizes quantization noise, but requires higher resolution and higher resolution lookup tables that increase the memory capacity required within an LED pad.

As long as a lookup table has the required number of data points, a single table can be used to generate multiple octaves of data from a single clock. For example, a 24,576 point table can be used to synthesize sine waves spanning 11 octaves with an angle precision of 0.0146484375 ° per data point. Combining a 337.920 Hz clock with an 11 octave universal primitive table, frequencies can be generated, for example, in the key-of-A ranging from f g = 0 sym / ^ sym = 14 .080 H zenel 9 th octave down to 13, 75 H zen la - 1 st octave (including A at 440 Hz). This example is illustrated in the 4th column of the table below. Using the same rate of the jdes imbo lo, that is, in the same column of the table, if a single frequency is reduced by only 7 octaves, the size of the primary data table is reduced by 1,536 points of data from 1,480 in the range of 9,080. down octave f3 = 220 H z.

A l t e r n a t i v a m e n t e, u t i l i z a n d o la m i s m a t a b l a p r im i t i v a u n iv e r s a l d e 7 o c t a v a s, la b a n d a d e f r e c u e n c ia c u b ie r t a s e p u m a l d e s e p u a l d u a s e p u a l d e s e b o s d l For example as shown in the 5 th column of the table below, with the rate symbol lo j O sym = 168 .960 H z, a data of 1,536 points primitive to iv ersal, it can cover an interval of 7 .040 H zenel 8 th octave down to 110 H zenel 2 nd eighth . A l r e d u c i r e l t a m a ñ o de la t a b l a y d i s m i n u i r e l r e lo j d e s í m b o l o s, t a m b i é n e s p o s ib l e u n c o m p r o m i s o e n e l r a n g o d e o n u i r e l r e lo j de s í m b o l o s, t a m b i é n e s p o s ib l e u n c o m p r o m i s o e n e l r a n g o d e f r a d e c u e d e l r a n g o n a c a d e c u d e R e f i r i e n d s and the 6 th c o l u m a n d e t a b l a s i g u i e n t e, u n a t a s a d e r e I j d e s t m b o l o s d e O sym = 42 240 H z p u e d e v e r r o n d a s s in u s i t l e s d e 1760 H z e n e l 6 th or c t v a 55 H z e n e l 1 st or c t v a u s a n d o u n a t a b l a d e c o n s u l t a c o n s o l a m e n t e 76 8 p a t or s d e d t or s.

/ (32 ^ fkey) according to key selection 642, transforming the clock into one or more sine waves varying in frequency, e.g. from f9 and f0 using universal primitive table 677, then combined according to the amplifiers digital gain 678 with programmable gains Ax and summed in mixer 630 to produce g (t). As shown for each synthesized waveform synthesized, the conversion of the Osym clock to the time-based sine table 679 depends on the input “% Resolution Selection” 675 and the available resolution options. Table 676 is displayed to demonstrate, without limitation, available table resolutions from a minimum of 12 points to 16-bit resolution with 65,536 data points. The number of data points in sine wave lookup table 677 determines the maximum resolution available.

In waveform synthesis using a universal primitive table, the same table is used to generate any sine wave with a precision equal to or less than the precision of the table. For example, if the resolution of table 677 is 96 points, that is, 3.75 ° increments, the same table can be used to generate sine waves with 48, 24 or 12 points, the higher the resolution, the lower will be the synthesized frequency.

Several frequency sine waves are synthesized by searching the data for each angle or by systematically jumping angles. For example, in the following table, using a symbol clock with a frequency O sym = 224.256 Hz with rows 00, 04, 08, 0C, 10 ... results in a 5672 Hz sine wave while selecting each row in the table produces a 1,168 Hz sine wave.

S e l e c c i o n de t e c l a s y s í n t e s i s de f o r m a d e o n d a p e r s o n a l i z a d a

As described above, because periodic waveform generation involves a cascade counter with fixed frequency multiples, the waveform synthesizer is essentially "tuned" to a specific key. The user interface (UI) and the resulting operation (UX or user experience) are shown in FIGURE. ^{5 5} A, where a user selects the “Choose a key” menu 701 that facilitate key selection for various “musical scales”, “Physiological” (reported medical frequencies) scales, “C ustom scales”, including manual entry, and "Other" flakes. It also includes a provision to revert to the "default" scale settings. When selecting the "musical" setting, the "INSERT A KEY" menu 702 appears. Choosing a note selects a predefined scale that will be loaded into the LED panel at input 641 of "f key selection " running from the C mean at 261.626 Hz to B mean 493.883 Hz. As stored in table 703. If a middle is selected, then 703 will transfer the value of “A” 440 Hz into the 642 symbol clock counter in accord with 0 sym / Ore f = (32 ^ f key ) / (5 MHz) generating a symbol rate O sym = (32 ^ f key ) from which several frequency sine waves based on this scale are synthesized, for example, f 9 = O sym / ^ ⁹ . Below is a table of exemplary frequencies per octave for a variety of pitches shown below for musical keys C through F (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_pitch_notation). The scales shown are called "equal temperament" tuning.

Below is a table of exemplary frequencies per octave for a variety of tunings for the musical keys F # / G 'to B. The scales shown are called “equal temperament”.

Another option in the 701 user interface menu is the "Other" selection, other scales can be used to modulate the LEDs. These scales, including Pythagorean, Just Major, Mean-tone, and Werckmeister, shown in the following table, share the frequency of Middle C at 261.626 Hz with the uniform temperament scale, but differ in the relative frequency ratio s between the twelve semitones spanning one octave. For example, on a scale of uniform temperament, the pitch of A ⁴ above middle C is set at 440 Hz, but on other scales it ranges from 436.05 Hz to 441.49 Hz.

In custom mode, the user interface (UI) and the resulting operation (user experience UX) are shown in FIGURE. ^{5 5} B, where a user selects the "CHOOSE A KEY" menu 701 and selects "OTHERS" by opening the "CHOOSE A SCALE" menu 700. The user then selects an alternative tuning from the menu - Pythagoras, Solo Major, Midtone, and Werckmeister, opening submenu 702 titled ENTER A KEY. Once the key (note) is selected, the frequency is selected from the tuning table below and loaded into key register 641 "f key selection ", which is subsequently transferred to the LED pad and finally is loaded into the symbol clock counter 642. For example, the "A" key is selected from the Werckmeister scale, then the value of "A" at 437.05 Hz will be loaded into the symbol clock counter 642 according to O sym / O ref = (32 ^ f key ) / (5 MHz). Consequently, the symbol counter generates a symbol rate O sym = (32 ^ f key ) from which several frequency sine waves based on this scale are synthesized, for example, f g = O sym / ^ ⁹ . Since the fundamental frequency f key is then used to generate O s and m then the entire nine octave scale is set accordingly. For example, if the f key = f 4 is set to 437.05 Hz, then f s = 2f 4 = 874.1 Hz, f e = 4f 4 = 1,748.2 Hz, etc.

Y a u n q u e la s e s c a la s v a r í a n a lo l a r g o de la o c t a v a, t o d a s c o i n c i d e n e n t r e s í p a r a la f r e c u e n c ia C. For example, the c 5 frequencies of which in taoctav shown in the table were shown with comparative purposes, all of which coincide in f 5 = 525, 25 H z = 2 f 4. The annotation used by the class scans the spitag or rich, only the most and the middle of the W io differs slightly. Erckmeister and the sesca the softemperamentuniformeneuseofsustained # andbemoles LA weighing the sexact difference in tuning in PBT efficacy is not well characterized, scientific studies have confirmed that the therapeutic efficacy of thetreatment is clearly dependent on the PBT treatment. S i e n e l m e n u 701 de la in t e r f a z de u s u a r io, s e s e l e c c i o n a e l

H zysetransfersalgener adordere the jdesimbolos 642. This value is then to calculate the right frequency of the symbol using the right counter of the 642 symbol according to the ^O sym ^{/ O} ref ^{= (3 2 ^ f} key ^{) / (5 MH z) relation to produce an O} sym ^{= (3 2 output). ^ f} key ^).

^{scale the dadelre lo jdes symbol O} sym to ^{boost four tabs of consultation 6 8 2 b, 6 8 4, 6 8 3 and 6 8 2 to synthesize four sinusoidal waves with a fundamental icon in the frequency fj} f ^{, a third in a frequency nc ia fj 3, one in taaj frequency} 5 ^{yauppernote or a seventhnote or} anoctavnnote jumps that root (depending on selection) with a ^{frequency of fj} t ^{. The three four frequencies are then combined with the 6 8 5 A, 6 8 6, 6 8 7 and 6 8 5 B digital gain samplifiers with gains A j} f ^{, A j} 3 ^{, A j} 5 ^{and A j} tt ^{respectively, and the} neno-noodder 630 was combined to create ( t).

The asfrequency of the notes of the note is the chord depending on the value of the ^selected octave ^{681 and the value of the f} key ^{select 6 4 2, that is, the key tuning of the} counters in ^{cascade b} in years. Together, these synthesizer settings determine the frequency or the root note, also known as the fundamental of the chord. The notes remaining in the string are calculated as the rate at the fundamental frequency of the string. with the following table describing the frequency relationship of common musical chords (https://pages.mtu.edu/~suits/chords.html):

Although the chord builder can be a library item used in predefined treatments and sessions, chords can also be created using a UI menu as shown in the example in FIGURE. ^{5 7} B where a chord can be selected between CHOOSE A CHORD menu 705 including major, minor, diminished, augmented, diminished, custom, 7th, minor 7th and the 7th chords. Selecting a custom chord opens the BUILD A 706 CHORD menu where the user can select the octave of the chord, the root note of the chord, the 3rd note, that is, the next highest note, the 5th note, that is the third highest note and, optionally, whether to include a note one octave above the root note. Once the root note is selected, the 3rd, 5th, and 1 octave notes are arranged monotonically in ascending frequency, even if the notes extend into the next higher octave. The second and third inversions of any chord must be entered as a custom chord using the lowest pitched note as the root note of the chord. Notes are weighted evenly in volume unless adjusted otherwise with the up and down arrows. Once the

through which the function of the 555 PWM generator

e n e l a r c h i v o de s a l i d a d e s i n t e t i z a d o r 488 q u e d e s c r i b e la

synth ^{(t) 4 9 0. C o m o s e m u e s t r a, la t a b l a de f u n c i o n e s 5 5 4}

^{PWM then combines the G} synth ^{(t) synthesizer with the G} press ^{(t) 4 9 2 waveform to} produce a string of 493s. The PWM player function is double:

^{• P a r a g e n e r a r u n a c a d e n a de p u ls o s P W M de e s p e c t r o de a u d io G} press ^{(t) c o n u n f a c t o r d e t r a b a j o D} PWM ^{c o n t r o l a d o d i n a m i c a m e n t e.}

• To make a dynamic "gate", that is, to block or pass the content ^{of G} synth ^{(t) based on the state of G} press ^(t).

The truth table for the above function can be described as pseudo-code or logical as

D a d o q u e Gpulse (t) c o m p r e n de u n a c a d e n a de p u ls o s P W M, the f o r m a d e o n d a a l t e r n a e n t r e e s t a d o s l ó g i c o s a l t o y b ajo. Specifically, whenever the G function is set (t) = 1, that is, the PWM 492 computer is set to the high logical "1" state, the igital status of the Gsynth (t) synthesizer is accurately reproduced at the output of the PWM 484 player. For example, when Gpulse (t) = 1 then if G syn th (t) = 1 the output of the PWM 484 player is high and if G syn th (t) = 0 then the output of the PWM 484 player is low. S in e m b r g or s i e m p r e q u e f u n t i o n GPress (t) = 0, e s d e c i r e l p u ls or P W M 492 e s t é e n s u e s t e d b jo or l or g i c "0", e l e s t e d d e i t a l d and l Gsynth (t) s e f u e r z a a c e r o, i g n o r a n d e l e s t e d d e e n t r a d a. Gsynth (t). L o g i c a m e n t e, e s t a f u n c i o n s the m i s m a q u e la p u e r t a A N D. M a t e m á t i c a m e n t e, e s e q u i v a l e n t e a u n a m u l t ip l i c a c i o n d i g i t a l d o n d e la s a l i d a d e l r e p r o d u c t o r P W M 492 v i e n e d a l t o t a p o r epul • d a l t o t a p o r epul • d a l t o t a p o r epul • L a im p l e m e n t a c i o n r e a l d e l r e p r o d u c t o r 492 d e P W M p u e de l o g r a r s e e n h a r d w a r e, s o f t w a r e / f i r m w a r e o a l g u n a c o m o m b i n e o i o l g u n a c o m o m b i n e i o l o l o a l

d i n a m i c a m e n t e p r e l m o d u l to r d e a n c h o r i m p e r s o s 711 d e a c h e r d or c or n l a s c o n d i c i o n s d i n a m i c a s e s p e c i f i c a d a s e n t a b l to 491. L s a l i t o f r e p r o d u c t o r P W M 484 m or s t r a d c o m o u n a c a d e n d e i m p e r s o s P W M c o n c o m p h o r t 493 i n c l u e the s a l i t d e f o r m a d e o n d to 494 i n c o r p r a d d e s d e e l s i n t e t i z e d r d e f o r m a d e o n d a.

E l f u n c i o n a m i e n t o f l m o d u l to r d e a n c h o r p u ls or 711 c o m p r e n d e e s e n c i a l m e n t e d s c o n t to r e s s e q u e n c i a l e s, u n o p r a c o n t r e l t i e m p o r e n c e n d i d or e l o t r o p a r a c o n t r e l t i e m p o r a p g to d or d or n d e Gpulso (t) = 1 d u r a n t e e l i n t e r v to l o t and Gpulso (t) = 0 d u r a n t e e l i n t e r v to l or W. E n p s e u d o c o d i g o ló g i c o, e l f u n c i o n a m i e n t o de l m o d u l a d o r d e a n c h o d e p u ls o 711 s e p u e d e d e s c r i b i r d e f i n i e n d o la s t i g u i.

I n i c i e e l b u c le de la s u b r u t i n a "M o d u l a d o r de A n c h o de p u ls o":

R e g i s t r o s d e c a r g a M o d u l a d o r d e a n c h o de p u ls o [A t, T p w m, ton]

C o n t a d o r e s c l a r o s

I n ic io de l r e c u n t o de p u ls o s (1 / O r f

I n i c io d e b u c le

S i C o u n t (1 / O re f)> A t, s a l g a d e la s u b r u t i n a

Plus

D e f in a toff = (T p w m - t on)

E s t a b l e c e r Gpulse = 1

C o n t a r p u ls o s (1 / O p w m) h a s t a ton

R e s t a b l e c e r Gpulse = 0

C o n t a r p u ls o s (1 / O p w m) p a r a toff

L o o p e n d

The subroutine previously labeled "P u ls WIDTH MODULATOR" is a description of software pseudocode that performs the same function as block 711, that is to say, execute a button for an interval A that comprises the alternate digital oss in the state of pwm - ton) repeatedly until the count ofre lo j T re f = 1 / O rexes A t. The variables [A t, T pwm, ton] are loaded into the subroutine from the sequence defined in table 714 or they will be spaced by meters from the PWM 49 player as shown in the following pseudoc or executable example where the s queries are specified by means of F i la is a defined variable:

C o d i g o e j e c u t a b l e "T r a t a m i e n t o de l d o lo r de e s p a ld a"

C a r g a r t a b l a [P W M P la y e r P a r a m e t r i c s]

E s t a b l e c e r f i l a = 0

I n i c i o d e b u c le

E s t a b l e c e r A t = t a b l a ((F i l a 1), 1) - t a b l a (F i la, 1)

E s t a b l e c e r T p w m = t a b l a (F i la, 4)

E s t a b l e c e r ten = t a b l a (F i la, 5)

S i T p w m = 1

Then

E j e c u t i o n T e r m i n a d a

Plus

L la m a r a l m o d u l a d o r d e a n c h o de p u ls o de s u b r u t i n a [A t, T p w m, ton] I n c r e m e n t a r f i l a e n 1

F in a l d e b u c le

C o m o s e d e s c r i b e, e l p s e u d or c or d i g e j e c u t a b l e n t e r i o r le e r e p e t i t m e n t e t a b l to 714 c r g a n d d t o s e n s u b r u t i n a l l m d M or d or l to r d e a n c h o r p u ls or c or n l or s r g u m e n t o s p a r a s u d u r a t i o n A t e l p e r t o d e p u ls or T p w m and e l p u ls or P W M e n t i e m p o t i n c r e m e n t a n d or f i l a n u m b e r o f s p u s o e c o m p l e t a r c a d a c i c l o. For example, when starting F i la = 0, then A t is calculated by the time difference in the second row and the directions of the first row in the first column of the table, that is, where table (2, 1) = 180 seconds and where table (1, 1 ) = 0, therefore A t = 180 segenelpr enter the code. In the same mode, in the first row and 4 th column, the data for the PWM period is T pwm = table (1, 4) = 0.43 ms, and in the first row and 5 th column, the data for the PWM once is on = table ( 1, 5) = 0.26 ms. At the end of the cycle, the number of rows increases from 1 to 2, so the new data is displayed from the second row where A t = [table (3, 1) - table (2, 1)] = [360 s - 180 s] = 180 s , T pwm = table (2, 4) = 1, 712 ms, and ten = table (2, 5) = 1, 027 ms. E s t e p r o c e s o c o n t i n ú a h a s t a q u e s e e n c u e n t r a u n a e n t r a d a n u la p a r a T p w m, e s d e c i r, T p w m = t a b l a (F i la, 4) = 0. E n e o s e c o n t u n c o r i r o n t u n c o i r o n t u n c o i r i r o n t lu, c o n t u. P o r t a n t o, c o m o s e h to d e m o s t r a d or the s f u n c i o n e k e s P W M P l e r 484 e l m o d u l to r d e a n c h o r p u ls or 711 p u e d e n e j e c u t r s e u t i l i z a n d s or f t w a r e o h a r d w r e, o and n a l g u n a c o m b i n a t i o n o f the s m is m or s.

AND gates 723 and 724, inverter 725, start resistor 733, as well as ton and toff registers 72 6 and 727. In operation, the start resistor 733 is activated at the S input of the S / R 720 knob that sets the Q output to a high or low status " 1 " . E l f l a n c o a s c e n d e n t e d e s t a t r a n s i c i o n l ó g i c a d e 0 a 1 a c t i v a la f u n c i ó n d e c a r g a d e ten e l c o n t a d o r 721 c o p ia n d o l o s e t a t o s d o l o s d e a t o s d o l o s e t a t o s d o l o s d e a t o s d o l o s d e a t o s d E l e s t a d o l ó g i c o a l t o de la s a l i d a Q t a m b i é n e s u n a e n t r a d a a la p u e r t a Y 723, y s u e s t a d o in v e r s o, la s a l i d a d e l i n v e r s r a c e 725, y p o r a r a l 725, y r a t u a l 725,

C o m o t a le s, l o s p u ls o s d e r e lo j de l r e lo j O p w m s e n c a m i n a n a t r a v é s de la p u e r t a Y 723 a ten e l c o n t a d o r 721 p e r o b l o q u e a d o p o s p o r 724 o r a l o r a l d o t o r 724 P o r c o n s ig u i e n t e, ten e l c o n t a d o r 721 c u e n t a h a c ia a t r a s d u r a n t e u n t i e m p o ton. D uring it returns, the output from have the 721 counter remains in a "0" status and has no effect on the S / R 720 latch. At the same time, if an entry is missed or j, the operation of the toff 722 counter is suspended. I am referencing the two diagrams at the time during this interval of T xa (T x ton), re lo j PWMO pwm 728 continues counting, sign at start 72 9 that includes the input R to S / R latch 720 s ig uesiendoba ja, sign with ju nto 730 that understands the input S to the S / R 720 latch remained ja (except for a boot not shown), and the Gpulse (t) output 731 p e r m a n e c e a l t o.

U n a v e z q u e ton c o n t a d o r 721 c o m p l e t a s u c u e n t a r e g r e s i v a d e l i n t e r v a l o ton, la s a l i d a d e l c o n t a d o r s u b e m o m e n t á n e u o a m e c e p e l o s e p e 34 The rising edge on the input R of the S / R 720 latch resets the Q output to logical "0" and deactivates the lo j O pw to pass through the AND gate 723 and act on the closing counter 721. At the same time, the descending edge of the QL output on the register outputs a reversing load of 725 or upward load on the 725 output. 727 on the toff counter 722. The gical input to the AND gate 724 enables the routing of the loj O pwmal toff counter 72 2. R efir ining the associated time diagrams, during this interval from (T x ton) to (T x T pwm), the j O pwm 728 continued counting, the signal At the beginning 729, which includes the R entrance to the gate S / R 720 remained ja (except for the initialization of the pu ls or 734 at the beginning of the interim), the setting signal 730 that comprises the entrance S alenc the entrance S / R 720 remained ja, and the exit Gpulso (t) 731 remained ja. U n to v and z q u e c o n t to r toff c u e n t r e g r e s i v a m e n t e h a s t a c e r o f s p u s o f u n i n t e r v to l o r toff, s u s a l i d a v e r u n p u ls o r j u s t e c o r t o 732 q u e c to m b i to s a l i d Q d e l p e s t i l l or S / R 720 d and n u and v or u n s t a d or l or g i c "1", c r g a n d e l v to l o r a c t e l d and t r e g i s t r r 726 e n t o f c o n t to r 721 and r e in i c i r t o d e l p r o c e s s.

As shown, the output of Gpulse 731 alternates between a high state during a time po ton = D pwm T pwma a state or a gicoba jo for a time toff = (1 - D pwm) T pwm. Every time ^{queseactivaunpu ls 2 or 3 July established elvaloractualdet elregistro} on ^{7 2 6 secargaenelcontadort} on ^{7th January 2. In a similar way, each time a p u ls or 7 3 4 is restarted, the current value of the log trot} off ^{7 2 7 is loaded into the 7 2 2 net} off ^{counter. In this way, the} PWM player's parameter ^{file 491} can dynamically change the frequency and work factor of the PWM player, producing an identical waveform to its equivalent software implementation. T engaencuentaque the res is input tence 733 utilizadaparatirarde alpestillo S S / R 720 altoduranteelinicioti eneunaaltaresistencia output ynopuedesuperar ^{l or jo gicadeestadoba delcontadort} off ^{July 2 2 unavezqueseconc lu yeelinicioysehaestabi lizado} the FEED or the scircuitos na.

^{E nconc lu ssion, enelreproductor PWM, the} PWM ^{f ia Freq} corresponding ^{yunfactordetrabajo} D deacuerdoconunarchivo pwmcambianconeltiempo dereproducci it or n ^{spec fic, í definiendoas unasecuencia PWM Depu osdediferentesduracio ls nesdet} on ^yt off.

Bear in mind that the frequency of pwm = 1 / T pwm of theanch modulator or of pwm is less frequent than the lo j or pwm = 20 kH used to control the modulator. A dem to s, ^{the PWM Frequenc y f} PWM ^{is to muypordebajodelre the PWM usadoporenelgenerador jsobremuestreado O ^ p} sym ^{[f (t)] adordeformadeonda enelbloquedelsintetiz, thatis, 1 / O sym>> 1/0 ^ f} PWM ^PWM.

convert your input Gsynth (t) • Gpulse (t) together with an optional time-dependent ereference current 496 into a more analogical control signals, that is, impu ls io n flux LED 49 7 L ase added equal to U fnth (t) • Gsy Gpulse (t) then we are to control the current in number of 5 LED strings as illustrated by the shape of the 498 model wave.

E s t a b l e z c a "A s i g n a t i o n d e I / O" d o n d e

E n i = IN 2

E n 4 = I N 1

E n 5 = IN 2

A u n q u e e s p o s ib l e c a m b i a r e s t e m a p e o d e f o r m a d i n á m i c a, e s m á s p r o b a b l e q u e l m a p e o s e j e c u t e s o lo u n a v e z p o r o n e r a m a t o d i r o n e r a t o d i r o n e t o t a m. E n m u c h o s c a s o s, I only know it e u t i l i z a u n a e n t r a d a. E l c o d ig o e j e c u t a b l e p a r a la c o r r i e n t e a c t u a l d e c a d a c a n a l s e p u e d e f i j a r a u n v a l o r c o n s t a n t e

E s t a b l e z c a "C o r r i e n t e s de s a l i d a" d o n d e

Il e d 1 = 20 m A

Il e d 4 = 20 m A

Il e d 5 = 20 m A

During fabrication calibration, an error term the Icalib curve is stored in the new memory for each channel, for example, where Icalibi = 1 .04 m A, Icalib4 = - 0 .1 0 m A, Icalib4 = 0 .90 m A . L a l m or h to d i l l L E D t to m b i e n a l m a c e n u n v a l o r d e r e a t i o n d e e s p e j or p or r e je m p, d or n d e a = 1 / p = 1 .000 .000 what q u e s i g n i f i c a q u e u n a c r r i e n t e d e s a l i t d e m i l i a m p e r i o s r e q u ie r e u n a c r r i e n t e d e r e f e r e n c i a d e m i c r o a m p e r i o s c r r e s p o n d i e n t e. A n t e s d e c o m e n z a r la r e p r o d u c c i ó n, e l p a d g C c a l c u l a y a l m a c e n a l o s v a l o r e s d e I ref p a r a c a d a c a n a l d o n d e

L o s v a l o r e s Iref s e a l m a c e n a n e n la f o r m a d i g i t a l e q u i v a l e n t e n lo s r e g i s t r o s Iref 742 a, 742 d, 742 e, e t c. E n la m e m o r i a v o l á t i l a n t e s de la e je c u c i o n de l p r o g r a m a. S i e l v to l o r o f c r r i e n t e d e l L E D d e d e s t i n or c to m b i a, e l v to l o r o f r e g i s t r o s e p h o d e s o b r e s c r i b i r a n t s o f e j e c u t i o n o f p r o g r a m, or d i n a m i c a m e n t e "s or b r and the m r c h to" a m e d i d q u and v a n c e l t r a t a m i e n t o. P o r e je m p l o, u t i l i z a n d o u n p s e u d o c o d i g o e j e c u t a b le, la u n id a d L E D d i n a m i c a p u e d e c o m p r e n d e r

C o d i g o e j e c u t a b l e "T r a t a m i e n t o de l d o lo r de e s p a ld a"

T a b l a d e c a r g a "u n i d a d" [L E D D r iv e P a r a m e t r i c s]

C argartable "calib" [C alibration LED]

Set to = LED Settings [row, column]

Set row = 0

Loop start

Set At = table "unit" ((Row 1), 1) - table "unit" (Row, 1)

If At = 0

Then

Finish execution

More

Set

I ^ref1 = [table "drive" (Row, 2) table "calib" (1,1)] / a

I ^ref4 = [table "drive" (Row, 5) table "calib" (4,1)] / a

I ^ref4 = [table "drive" (Row, 6) table "calib" (5,1)] / a

Count (1 / O ^pwm ) pulses to table "unit" ((Row 1), 1)

Increase row by 1

Loop end

During execution, the value of U ^f for each channel is established by means of a [I ^{le d} + I ^calib ] / a where I ^{led 1} = “drive” (Row, 2), I ^{led 4} = “drive” (Row, 5), etc. and where column 2 cells contains the current drive data LED for I ^{led 2,} column 5 contains I ^{led 4} data, etc. The row value is used to define various intervals for a treatment, for example up to 540 sec to perform 20 mA and thereafter carry 23 mA.

If all channels carry the same current, channel specific columns can be removed from the table and replaced with a single column, as shown below.

E l p r o g r a m a t a m b i é n p u e d e i n v o c a r u n a f u n c i o n e n l u g a r d e u n a t a b l a, p o r e j e m p l o, e n e l e j e m p lo de e T r a t a m i e n t o d e a d e d o lo

C o d i g o e j e c u t a b l e "T r a t a m i e n t o de l d o lo r d e c a b e z a"

C a r g a r t a b l a "c a l i b" [C a l i b r a c i ó n L E D]

E s t a b l e c e r a = C o n f ig u r a t i o n of L E D [f i la, c o l u m n a]

E s t a b l e c e r fi_ED = 5.5

I n i c i o de l r e c u n t o de p u ls o s (1 / O ref)

E s t a b l e c e r t = 0

B u c le in icio

E s t a b l e c e r t = t (1 / O ref)

S i t> tfinal

Then

E s t a b l e c e r Iref = 0

Plus

F i n a l d e b u c le

In the above example, the 20 m A sine wave is generated by a mathematical function for the reference current Il ed (t) with a defined frequency, for example, 5, 5 Hz, using the lo j Iref (or optionally a m ú lt ip lo del m is mo ). The current ofalities for each Ile d (t) each instance runs igechannel by channel by sdata in the calibration table before converting due to the mirror relation to the corresponding current registers 742 a, 74 2, 742 e, etc. Following the instruction “S ett = t (1 / O ref)”, each bucket is incremented by a duration (1 / O re f) and the sum is stored in the variable t, overwriting it the previous value. C omotal, the variable touch sets what is increased with each cycle of the program. The j continues to run and repeatedly generates the unusable waveforms with a fixed period of T led = M led until the terminal condition t> tf in a is met.

R e p r o d u c t o r L E D e n s i s t e m a P B T d i s t r i b u i d o

In the o p e r a t i o n of re p r o d u c t i o n o f L E D f I G U R A. 43, the s e c u e n c i a d e l s i n t e t i z a d o r d e f o r m a d e o n d a 483, the r e p r o d u c t o r P W M 484 and the c o n t r o l a d o r d e L E D 485 p r o d u c e e l f e L u id a d7. In the playback operation, the synthesis of the waveform is performed at a right frequency j O sym significantly by the audio frequency spectrum, that is, where O sym>> 20 k H z, while the PWMO player is mustered by the PWM player. 48 4 yelre lo j LEDO used by the player LED 485 operanelespectrodea ud io where O pwm ^ 20 k H z and O le d ^ 20 k H z. E n r e s u m and n, the s or p e r a t i o n e s o f r e p r o d u c t o r L E D im p l i c a n • G e n e r r u n a f u n t i o n d e u n ity n a l or g i c a d e p e n d i e n t e o f t i e m p or f (t) and s e a m a t e m a t i c a m e n t e u s a n d o u n g e n e r a to r d e f u n t i o n d e u n an d u s a n d o u n p r o c e s to r p r im i t i v or b a s e d e n u n a t a b l a d e c o n s u l t to s or b r e p h o s t r e a d a.

• C o n v e r s i o n d e f u n c i o n o f u n id a d f (t) in n u n f l u j o d e p u ls o s P W M u s a n d o la t r a n s f o r m a c i o n Gsynth (t) = O p [f (t)].

• G e n e r a tio n o f a c a d e n a from i m p u l s o s P W M de e s p e c t r o de a u d io G pulse (t). • G t in g, e s d e c i r, r e g r r u n A N D lo g i c, d and l s i n t e t i z e d r Gsynth (t) c o n c a d e n d e p u ls or s P W M Gpulso (t) p a r a p r o d u c i r u n a s a l i t d e f u n t i o n d e u n ity m u l t i p l i c a t i v a s i n t e t i z e d r Gsynth (t) • G pulse (t).

• L E D s d e c o n d u c t i o n c o n a t i e m p or q u e v e r a a n a l or g i c a c t e l to I ref (t) p u ls d s p o r s a l i d to f u n t i o n o f u n ity o f r e p r o d u c t o r d e L E D m e d i n t e e l c u a l e l I le d = Ire f (t) • Gsynth (t) • Gpulso (t).

L a s f i g u r a s 63 a t r a v é s d e 65 i l u s t r a n e j e m p l o s q u e d e m u e s t r a n la v e r s a t i l i d a d d e l j u g a d o r L E D d e s c r i t o p a r a u n a m a d e d o d a.

FIGURE . 63 A illustrates a constant function f (t) = 1 761, resulting in a Gsynth synthesized time-invariant form of constant 762 where O p [f (t)] = 100%. The constant O p [f (t)] is then multiplied by the PWM pulse chain 773 with D = 50% that produces the pulse chain 774 which comprises Gsynth (t) • Gpulse (t). M ult ip licated by a constant reference 781 to generate 20 m A, the resulting waveform Ile d = a Ire f (t) • Gsynth

c o n s t a n t e ^ p [f (t)] s e m u l t ip l i c a e n t o n c e s p o r u n v a l o r c o n s t a n t e 771 c o n D = 100% p r o d u c i e n d o u n v a l o r c o n s t a n t e t e t e t e 772 d o n d (gse Gse 100sy n d) M u l t ip l i c a d o p o r la r e f e r e n c i a s i n u s o i d a l 78 3 p a r a g e n e r a r u n a o n d a s in u s o i d a l d e 20 m A. L a f o r m a d e o n d a r e s u l t a n t e Ile d = a I ref (t) • Gsynth (t) • Gpulse (t) c o m p r e n d e u n a o n d a s in u s o i d a l d e 20 m A 803 a c o n u n a c o r r o d e m e 10 m e p.

FIGURE . 63 G i l u s t r a u n a f u n c i o n f (t) = 1 c o n s t a n t e 761 q u e d a c o m o r e s u l t a d o u n a f o r m a d e o n d a d e s i n t e t i z a d o r Gsynth i n v a r p o n e t e n t e 762 (100%) L a c o n s t a n t e ^ p [f (t)] s e m u l t ip l i c a p o r u n v a l o r c o n s t a n t e 771 c o n D = 100% p r o d u c i e n d o u n v a l o r c o n s t a n t e 772 d o n d t e Gsynth. M u l t ip l i c a d o p o r la m u e s t r a 784 a d e a n a l ó g i c o a d i g i t a l p a r a g e n e r a r u n a c u e r d a d e g u i t a r r a p u n t e a d a c o n u n v a l o r m á x imo. L a f o r m a d e o n d a r e s u l t a n t e Il e d = a Ire f (t) • G syn th (t) • Gpulse (t) c o m p r e n d e u n a m u e s t r a d e 20 m A 804 a c o n u n a c o r r i e n t e p r o m e d i o.

FIGURE . 63 H i l u s t r a u n a f u n c i o n f (t) = 1 c o n s t a n t e 761 q u e d a c o m o r e s u l t a d o u n a f o r m a d e o n d a d e s i n t e t i z a d o r Gsynth i n v a r p o n e n o c n t e 762 (100%) L a c o n s t a n t e ^ p [f (t)] s e m u l t ip l i c a p o r u n v a l o r c o n s t a n t e 771 c o n D = 100% p r o d u c i e n d o u n v a l o r c o n s t a n t e 772 d o n d t e Gsynth. M ult ip lied by the 784 bdeanal or gicoadigital sample for an arunson id odep la tillo with a value of 20 m A, the resulting waveform Il ed = a I ref (t) • Gsynth (t) • Gpulse (t) comprises a 20 sample of A 804 b with a currentprome 10 mA diode.

FIGURE . 64 A i l u s t r u n f u n t i o n 763 s in u s i t l d e f (t) = s in (t f) q u e d c o m o r e s u l t a d o u n s i n t e t i z e d r Gsynth = ^ p [f (t)] c o m o u n f o r m a d e o n d to 764 d and c to d e n d e p u ls or s P W M q u e v e r a c o n t i n u a m e n t e c o n u n s i n t e t i z e d r T d e p e r t o d e f i nts. L c to d e n to P W M p [f (t)] s e m u l t ip l i c a p o r u n v a l o r c o n s t a n t e 771 c o n D = 100% p r o d u c i e n d u n a c a d e n d e p u ls or s d i g i t a l e s q u e c o m p r e n d e Gsynth (t) • GPress (t) q u e c o m p r e n d e u n r e p r e s e n t a t i o n P W M 775 d e u n a or n d a s i n u s id to l. M ult ip licated by a constant reference 781 to generate 20 m A, the resulting waveform Il ed = a I ref (t) • Gsynth (t) • Gpulse (t) comprises an oidal wavelength x im ade 20 m A 80 3 at 50% of average current of 10 ma .

FIGURE . 64 B illustrates a 763 s unused function where f (t) = s in (ft), resulting in Gsynth = ^ p [f (t)] as a 764 waveform of the PWM chain that will vary next with a defined period T synthesizer. L chains PWM ^ p [f (t)] semultip ly by a constant value 771 with D = 100% producing chain of digital pu ls Gsynth (t) • Gpulse (t) comprising a PWM 775 representation of an unused id al wave. M ultiplied by a 781 d ereference step to generate 20 m A intensification from 25% to 25 m A. , The resulting waveform Il ed = a Ire f (t) • Gsynth (t) • Gpulse (t) comprises 803 in-use waveforms 20 m A peak

• L a s s u b r u t i n a s d e l c o n s t r u c t o r d e a c o r d e s i n c lu y e n e s p e c i f i c a r e l m é t o d o d e c o n s t r u c c i o n de l a c o r d e y la s o c t e s a v a s y la s o c t e a v a s. L o s a l g o r i t m o s d e c o n s t r u c c i ó n d e a c o r d e s i n c lu y e n s í n t e s i s “o c t a v e” and s í n t e s i s d e a c o r d e s “t r i / q u a d”.

• In the octave synthesis, which chord can be determined by the same number of its octave ^{component "O ct" (a number from 1 to 9 that describes the frequency f} x made ^{according to the configuration of the register of the f} key ^{) together with the corresponding private resolution ecadaoctava ^ ymezc the r A} x ^{. In a} ri / quad chord builder, you can combine three quadruns of waves inu solid resolution that covers one to eighth sun using ^{adjustable amplitude set by A} x ^organance . ^{L astridy chords available include lu and in} major, minor, diminished, augmented, each one of which includes a fourth option at a note 1 octave ahead of the fundamental note of the chord. ^{A lternativamentecuarta notapuedesera ñ adidoparaformarun 7th chord, spec í ficamenteunacordequad notaquetieneun 7th, major 7th, 7th ymenor} construction or n. A "custom" chord allows the generation of any chord of three notes covering an eighth, even in tune, with an option for a fourth note 1 eighth ahead of the fundamental note of the score.

• T or d to s the s s a l i t k e s c o n s t r u c t o r d e a c o r d e s s e p h o d e n e s c to r p r to u m e n t r a m p l i t e d p e r i o d i c a o f a c r M e d i n t e g a n a n c i a d e i t a l A to s in c to m b i r e l v to l o r g e d e 0, 5 d and the f u n t i o n o f u n ity.

• T or d to s the s s a l i t k e s s i n t e t i z e d r d e f o r m a d e o n d r e p r e s e n t a n f u n c i o n s u n i t r i a s, e s d e c i r t i e n e n v a l o r e s a n a l or g i c s e n t r e 0, 000 and 1, 000 c o n v e r t i d s e n c a d e n a s d e p u ls or s P W M c or n or n f a c t o r d e t r a b j e n t r e 0% and 100%. C u a l q u i e r f o r m a d e o n d a s i n t e t i z a d a f u e r a de e s t e r a n g o s e r á t r u c a d a.

In operation, only the waveform 486 spr imitives are required by a production file specified by the 487 sparamics of the synth waveform discharged on its LED pad. The 487 downloadable deprivation library including a selection of unused wave printers in various resolutions ^, for example using a 24, 46, 96, 198 or 360 point or 16 bit solution. In the je mplar library, it also includes 24-point descriptions of riangular and directional waveforms, although other resolutions may be included in the im itatio n. Other components of the library library, for example, with ^ = 96, involve chords that have double eighth chords that understand each other in an eighth of separation nf and 2 f, two eighths of separation or nf and 4 f, opposing four eighth and eighth part in eighth part and five eighth edition.

O t r a s o p c io n e s i n c lu y e n a c o r d e s de t r e s o c t a v a s c o m o [f, 2 f, 4 f] q u e a b a r c a n d o s o c t a v a s;

[f, 2 f, 8 f] or [f, 4 f, 8 f] that encompasses three octaves, or for example, four octaves with [f, 2 f, 16 f], [f, 4 f, 1 6 f] or [f, 8 f, 16 f]. Or after adding lu yena chords greater, lesser, diminished and increased s, such as mp lo, [f, 1.25 f, 1 .5 f], [f, 1.2 f, 1.5 f], [f, 1.2 f, 1 .444 f]. L a s t r í a d a s s e p u e d e n m o d i f i c a r e n a c o r d e s c u á d r u p l e s i n c l u y e n d o u n a n o t a u n a o c t a v a p o r e n c im a d e la r a í z.

PWM player file 491 includes settings for constant mode or after. E nelmododepu ls or elarchivodereproducci he or ncomprendeunasecuenci to ^{defrecuenc ia s PWM f} PWM ^{yunfactordetrabajocor respondent D pwmfrentealtiempodere production or n, definiendoas í unasecuencia PWM Depu ls osdeduracionesvariabl is} on ^{and WT engaencuentaque the Frequenc y depuksef} PWM ^{delmoduladordeanchode puseesmenoren} Frequenc y queelre the j O pwm = 20 kHz used to drive the module. ^{For the PWM player operation, the PWM frequency f} pwM is ^{not set by the playback} program specified in the PWM 491 parameter file. Although the ^f pwM ^{frequency can be set} high ^{as the j or pwM relay, in most cases it is so quef} pwM ^{^ O pwm. A DEM s, ia Freq f} pwm ^{is to io enelespectrodeaud, muypordebajodelre the jsobremuestreado O} sym ^{enelrangosupers or nicoutilizadoporenelg ENERATOR PWM ^ p [f (t)] adordeformadeonda enelbloquedelsintetiz, thatis, matem to ticamentecomof} PWM ^{^ ^} PWM ^{<<1 / ^} sym ^.

In the parametric 749 of the LED driver, the digital PWM inputs of ^{an id IN} x function are ^{mapped with the enablement of its current id E n} y ^{. For example, input IN 1 is} assigned to enable its current id of channel 4 In 4, input IN 2 is assigned to ^{enable its current id of E n and E n} s ^{(not displayed) for channels 1 and 5, etc. The LED current control comprises a replay or file of the time} ref ^{. The I} ref ^{value for each channel is set by the output of each corresponding D / A} converter ^{, which} can comprise a constant, a periodic function, or an audio sample. Alternatively, a D / A converter can be used to input the reference current from all output scans with the same function or not constant value.

64 0, single start 848, AND logic gates 845 and 846, and OR logic gates 846 and 84 7. The door AND two inputs 845 act u to match the j of the system that enables the oscillator OR oscillator to the LED producer, closed by the initial sign and control 840 and 841, and from a variety of interrupts, specifically an 844 intermittent timer time, an 845 watchdog timer, or an 846 over-slow indicator.

At the beginning, u n d i s p a r o 848 g e n e r a u n p u ls o q u e i m p u l s a i n m e d i a t a m e n t e la s a l i d a de la p u e r t a O R 846 a n iv e l a l t o. A l m i s m o t i e m p o e l t i r o s i g n a l d e s e n c a d e n a n t e s de l c o n ju n t o d e n t r a d a S d e i n t e r r u p c i o n e s p e s t i l l o 843 y s u s a l a i d a Q. C u a n d o la e n t r a d a d e l u s u a r io "s t a r t a" 840 s e s e l e c c i o n a g e n e r a u n a c o n f i g u r a c i o n d e i m p u l s o s e n s e n t i d o p o s i a t a i v o l d o p o s i a t i v o la d o a l a t i v o la d / a l a t i v o la d C o n la s s a l i d a s Q d e l p e s t i l l o d e a r r a n q u e / p a r a d a 846 y e l p e s t i l l o d e i n t e r r u p c i o n e s 843 e n a l t o, e n t o n c e s la p u e a h a b e s A n D. C o m o t a l, e l o s c i l a d o r O osc s e n v í a a l r e p r o d u c t o r P W M c o m o r e lo j O sys, y s e d i v i d e p o r e l c o n t a d o r 640 c o m o r e lo j d e r e f e c r e n.

etc . U n to v and z q u and r u t i n d e i n t e r r u p t i o n d e p a r t a d e o s e h a c o m p l e t e d, e l p r p a d e o e l t i e m p o r e s p e r s e r e s t a b l e c e a c e r o, and l t e m p r i z e d r d e v i g i l a n c d e h r d w r e s e r e s t a b l e c e and e j e c u t i o n o f p r o g r a m v o o l v e a r u t i n to p r in c ip l. D e s p u é s d e c o m p l e t a r e l IS R, la a l m o h a d i l l a p C g e n e r a u n p u ls o d e r e s t a u r a c i ó n d e l s i s t e m a p a r a i n t e r r u m p i r e l o r a m o r a l o a m c o in s t i l. S i e l s o f t w a r e s e h a c o n g e l a d o p o r a l g u n a r a z ó n, e l p r o g r a m a n o r e a n u d a r á s u f u n c i o n a m i e n t o y la s f r a n j a s L E D c e r a l p a d p. D e lo c o n t r a io, la a l m o h a d i l l a L E D r e a n u d a r á s u f u n c i o n a m i e n t o d e s p u é s de e u n i n t e r v a l o de f i n i d o, p o r e je m plo, 2 s e g u n.

O t r o m o d o d e f a l a i n v o l u c r a e l s o f t w a r e c o n g e l a d o m i e n t r a s l o s L E D e s t á n e n c e n d i d o s y e m i t i e n d o lu z. S i la c o n d i c i o n p e r s i s t e, lo s L E D p u e d e n s o b r e c a l e n t a r s e y p r e s e n t a r u n r i e s g o d e q u e m a d u r a s p a r a e l p a c e n t e. P r e v i t r q u e s u r ja n c or n d i c i o n e s p e l i g r or s to s, u n t e m p r i z e d r d e v i g i l a n c d e h r d w r and (c u and o p e r a t i o n n o r p e n d e d e l s o f t w a r e) r and g r u n to q u e n t r e g r e s i v e n t a r a l e l or l c o n t a to r d e l p r o g r a m d e s o f t w a r e. S i and l t e m p r i z e d r d e s o f t w a r e s e c o n g e l e n u n e s t e d d e e n c e n d i d or e l t e m p r i z e d r d e v i g i l a n y c n or s e r e in i c i r to e l t e m p r i z e d r d e v i g i l a n c e s e to g or t r a g e n e r n d u n a i n t e r r u p t i o n o f t i e m p o r e s p e r d e p a r t a d e or 844 and i n t e r r u m p i e n d or o p e r a t i o n o f s i s t e m P B T h a s t a q u e s e r e s u e l v to c o n d i t i o n d and f to l.

D e s t a m a n e r a, e l s i s t e m a P B T d i s t r i b u i d o d e s c r i t o p u e d e u s a r s e p a r a c o n t r o l a r e l f u n c i o n a m i e n t o d e la a l m o m o r a L e a d i l e l m o r a m a d i l e l. A d e m á s, l o s m é t o d o s d e s c r i t o s e n e s t e d o c u m e n t o s e p u e d e n a d a p t a r p a r a c o n t r o l a r m ú l t ip l e s a l m o h a d i l a s L E i o m o n t e l l a s L E i o m n t e l l a s L i o m o n t e l l a s L i o m n t e l d e n o m e l d e n t e l l a s L i o m n t e l d

C o m u n i c a t i o n d e c o m p o n e n t e s a t r a v é s de s i s t e m a s P B T d i s t r i b u i d o s

The implementation of the communication required between the components in a distributed PBT system requires a complex communication network and a dedicated protocol designed to adapt to the combination of transfers of all time and based on files, some of the same system is not included in this security. In accordance with FDA regulations, safety is an important identification in the design of medical devices. In distributed systems, this concern is compounded by the automatic operation of component models. In the event that the communication between the devices in the PBT distributed fails or without a terrorism, the security systems or may malfunction. The topic of communication, security, detection and biofeedback is discussed with a majority of them in a patent in the section entitled "Devices, methods and protocol of communication of photobioomide therapy for the ci or ndistributed ib uid a long time", CIP) of this patent.

U S B 1014 b a l i m e n t a d o p o r u n c o n v e r t i d o r d e C A / C C y u n a f u e n t e d e a l i m e n t a c i o n d e C C (b lo q u e) 1014 a o u n a b a t e r í a d e a t a U m e b e n. L c o m u n i c a t i o n W iF i s e p r o d u c e a t r v s o f the p i l a d e c o m u n i c a c i o n O S I d and 7 c a p a s c o m p l e t 10 16 P r e s e n t e e n e l c o n t r o l to r P B T 101 0 c o n e c t e d to p i l a d e c o m u n i c a c i o n 101 7 p r e s e n t e e n a l m o h a d i l l L E D i n t e l i g e n t e 101 3.

E n f u n c i o n a m i n t o, a r a d io W i F i m o s t r a d a in the F I G U R A. 71 A c o n v ie r t e e l in la c e d e

Smart 337 through the 1030 CAB data logger using the PCI, USB or E thernet protocol via the 338 communication interface. This interface can also be connected to other devices using USB 1033 and E thernet 1032 satrav sensors. An example of a PBT network is distributed as a FIGURE PB . 72 d o n de e l e n r u t a d o r W iF i 1052 s e

P B T d e s c r i t o. A c o n t i n u a c i o n s e d e s c r i b e n a l g u n o s e j e m p l o s d e a d a p t a c ió n d e l s t e m a P B T d i v u l g a d o p a r a t e r a p i a s a l t e r n a t i v a s:

s e n s o r de h o ja d e c o n t a c t o 1159 n o e s t á e n c o n t a c t o c o n the p ie l of l p a c e n e, e l v a l o r d e Z c e s g r a n d e y V r se a c e r c a a c e r o. E n t a l c a s or the s a l i t o f a m p l i f i c a to r d i f e r e n c i a l e s m and n or r q u e V re f, and l v o l t a g d e r e f e r e n c i to d e v o l t a g i n d e p e n d i e n t e d e t e m p e r a t u r to 1224. C or m or t to l, the s a l i t o f c o m p a r a to r d e s e g u r i d a d c u r 1225 e s t to e n t i e r r e l c o n t r o l to r o f a s and r and s t to in h ib id or. If the sensor sheet comes into contact with the skin, the ACC impedance falls significantly where, after removing the AC signal by means of the 1223 pass filter, the average DC voltage through the 1221 resistance is greater than V ref, so the output of the comparator safeguarding the change to a high level of logic and going to the 1228 contact detection facility there to be C. D e m a n e r a s im i l a r, e l s e n s o r de t e m p e r a t u r a 1202 e s p r o c e s a d o p o r e l c i r c u i t o d e p r o t e c c i o n d e t e m p e r a t u r a 1231 a. If an overheating condition occurs, the 1232 overtemperature indicator is sent there to serg C and the input to the logic and the door is lowered, deactivating the control to be 1174. In the absence of an overheating condition, then the detection can be passed to the 1228 contact and 1226 can be confirmed. The digital value of the PWM 493 controller output, that is, the controller to be 1174 is enabled.

The controlled current id ero 1256 is used to drive the chain of beings 1 156 to 1156 n with wavelength A 1. T he controlled current dissipator 1257 is used to drive the chain of beings 1157 to 1157 n with the width of wave Á 2 in the matrix of to be 1242. V hv power supply output of the 1241 boost type switching regulator comprising the 1265 input capacitor PWM 1260 controller, 1262 DMOSFET low power controller, 1261 inductor, 1263 S chottky rectifier and 1260 output capacitor with 1260 PWM power supply feedback. 1241 essum in istrade by lithium ion battery 1 172 and 1171 USB power input battery charger. After 2. 5 - regulated V voltage output, the charger output also debits battery 1171 and filter capacitor 1266 to supply the components of the PBT control circuit to be 1240. If it recharges voltage to jumps, the V hvs supply output It is used to drive the array matrix, and can also be used to resume the PBT control of the array after the evadores converter is running.

A lm ohad il le s au t nomas for pho to bio modulation : anotherperif is compatible with the PBT system distributed in the same way, with autonomous LED pads that are used in applications when a PBT controller or a cell phone is not available, it is not available for administration or is not convenient for administration. je mp lo, in a battlefield or in a plane crash in a mountainous place. In operation, a button on the automatic LED pad is used to start the treatment. In general, there is no UX screen available for information. AN d A standalone LED pads operate “autonomously” (that is, by itself) during therapy treatments, during manufacturing that is connected to part of a distributed PBT system, download your applicable programs and confirm your successful operation.

L o s p r o g r a m a s d e s o f t w a r e P B T c a r g a d o s e n l a s a l m o h a d i l l a s L E D v a r í a n s e g u n lo s m e r c a d o s y la s a p l i c a c i o n e s p a r e s a s lo s a. P r e je m p l or, s p r o g r a m s d e t r a t a m i e n t o c a r g e d s e n l s to l m or h to d i l l a s L E D e n u n e s t a t i o n d e e s q u i p h o d e n i n c lu i r t r t a m i e n t o s p a r a c o n m o t i o n c e r e b r l (u n a l e s s u c o m u n e n e l e s q u i) m i and n t r s q u e lo s u t i l i z e d s p o r I s p r m e d i c s p h o d e n c e n t r r s e e n e l t r a t a m i e n t o d e h e r i d a s c o m o l a t e r a t i o n e s s q u e e d u r to s. E n l a s i n s t a la c i o n e s d e p o r t i v a s y l o s c l u b e s d e t e n i s, l a s a l m o h a d i l a s L E D a u t ó n o m a s p a r a e l d o lo r m u s c u l a r y a m a c u e r t i c u s c u l a r y a m a r t i c u. E n a p l i c a c i o n e s m i l i t a r e s, the p r in c i p a l a p l i c a c i ó n de e c a m p o e s r a le n t i z a r o p r e v e n i r la p r o p a g a c i o n de la in f e c c io n a l a l a l a b e n u n a l a l a l a l a l a l a b e n u n a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l o n u n a l a l a l a l a l a l a l a l i o n

The electrical design of the smart LED 337 in FIGURE. 14 isaautonomous LED operation equally applicable, except for the addition of a button to control the power on / off and the selection of programs. During programming, the entire PBT system is present, including power block 132, PBT controller 131, USB cable 136, and autonomous smart LED pad 337. In programming, the PBT controller configures the pad. LEDs loading manufacturing data and downloading a PBT player and preload LED playback files as needed. A handy programming system can also be used to reprogram the pads once they have been implemented or implemented in The field, which allows the client to use their inventory to adapt to various post-disaster conditions, for example freezing or winter, antiviral treatments is in an outbreak of pandemic disease. , damage opu lm onar by the release of a nervous agent from a terrorist, etc.

C o m o s e d e s c r i b e, the s to l m or h to d i l l a s L E D or t or n or m s n o u t i l i z to n or n to p a n t a l l a, u n e n c e d e r d io o u n c o n t r o l r e m o t o and p o r the t a n t o, o f r e c e n u n n u m b e r o l im i t e d d e p r o g r a m s d e t r a t a m i e n t o p r e c a r g e d s, g e n e r a l m e n t e d e u n a a c i n c o o p tio n s c o m o s e i l u s t r e n F I G U R A.

8 1 B. C o m o s e m u e s t r a, u n a a l m o h a d i l l a L E D a u t o n o m a e n s u e s t a d o a p a g a d o 1257 a c a m b i a r á a l e s t a d o 1257 b d e s p u é s de e p r e u s i o n o r e 1257 a c a m b i a r á a l e s t a d o 1257 b d e s p u e s d e p r e s u a v e n e r 12 D e s p u é s de s e l e c c i o n a r e s t e e s t a d o de s p u e s de u n b r e v e p e r í o d o d e t i e m p o, e l t r a t a m i e n t o c o m e n z a r á u t i l i z a m o n d o e l p o t i l i z a m o n d o e l p o t i l i z a m o n d o e l p o t i l i z a m o n d o e l p o t i l i z a m o n d o l p o t i l i z a m o n d o e l p o e m o t ". S i p r e s i o n a e l b o t o n p o r s e g u n d a v e z, e l p r o g r a m a a v a n z a r á a l e s t a d o 1257 c y c o m e n z a r á e l "T r a t a m i e n t o 2". D e m a n e r a s im i l a r, c a d a v e z q u e s e p r e s i o n a e l b o t ó n, e l p r o g r a m a a v a n z a a l s i g u i e n t e t r a t a m i e n t o 3, 4 and 5 m o s t r o t o n a e l b o t o n, e l p r o g r a m a a v a n z a a l s i g u i e n t e t r a t a m i e n t o 3, 4 and 5 m o s t r o s i o n a e l b o t o n, e l p r o g r a m a a v a n z a a l s i g u i e n t e t r a t a m i e n t o 3, 4 and 5 m o s t r o s i o n a e l b o t o n, e l p r o g r a m a a v a n z a a l s i g u i e n t e t r a t a m i e n t o 3, 4 and 5 m o s t r o t o s c o s d 1 r o t o s d o 1 d A l p r e s i o n a r e l i n t e r r u p t o r 1293 p o r s e x t a v e z, la a l m o h a d i l l a L E D a u t ó n o m a v u e l v e a l e s t a d o 1297 a a p a g a d o.

Pulsed LED thermotherapy: in a similar way the visible light and near infrared in photobiomodulation therapy, thermotherapy is the application of infrared light, which generally comprises wavelengths from 1 gm to 100 gm. Thermotherapy includes heating pastes, heat pads, and oral corpuscles. According to W ik ip edia, the therapeutic effects of heat include “increasing the extensibility of these collogen fluids; decrease of articular stiffness; reduce the r; relieve muscular spasms; reduce inflammation, inflammation, and aids in the post-acute healing phase; and increased blood flow. The increase in blood flow to the affected area provides a proportion of protein, nutrients and oxygenates for a better healing. "The delivery of waste was also created, the goal of bioethics and carbon dioxide. The therapy of it is also useful for me, jo rheal fibromes, and fibromespasms. ia, contractures, bursitis,

S i b ie n la s a f i r m a c i o n e s t e r a p é u t i c a s s e s u p e r p o n e n a la s o f r e c i d a s p o r P B T, e l m e c a n i s m o f í s i c o de la t e r m o t e r a n e n e f e n e f e n e f e n e f i r a p ia s c o n e f e n s c A d i f e r e n c i to d e l P B T, q u e m p a r t f o t o n s a b s r b i d s p o r m or lé c u l a s p r e s t i m u l a r r e a c t i o n e s q u i m i c a s q u e d e o t r o m o d o r c u r r i r t n, e s d e c i r, f o t o b i o m o d u t i o n, e n t e r m o t e r p y, and l c a l o r a b s r b i d or e r I s t e j i d s e l g u a a c e le r to s t a s a s d e v i b r a t i o n m o le c u l a r p a r a c e le r r l a s r e a c t i o n e s q u i m i c a s e n c u r s o. However, given that according to the ratio of E, set in E = hc / A the energy of a photon inversely proportional to the length of the day, the energy of far infrared radiation is 3 gm or 20% to 20% of that of jo and the NIRPBT. E s t a d i f e r e n c i a d e n e r g í a e s s i g n i f i c a t i v a, y a q u e la e n e r g í a m á s b a ja e s i n s u f i c i e n t e p a r a r o m p e r e n la c e s q u o t o r a m la c o s. C o m o t a l, la t e r m o t e r a p ia g e n e r a l m e n t e s e c o n s id e r a u n a l i v i o s i n t o m á t i c o s in la m a n i f e s t a c ió n d e c u r a c i ó n a c e le r a l P a d a d a s. The

p a t r ó n s i s t e m á t i c o a t r a v é s de l t e j i d o t r a t a d o. O p c i o n a l m e n t e, l or s L E D d e i n f r r r o j or c e r c a n o p r P B T e l L E D d e i n f r r r o j or will j to n or p to r a t e r m o t e r p ia s e p h o d e n c o m b i n a r e n u n a to l m or h to d i l l i n t e l i g e n t e and s and p u e d i n a c t i v r d e f o r m s i m u l t to n and a or a l t e r n e n e l t i e m p o.

c o n l l e v a c i e r t o s r i e s g o s. E n p a r t i c u l a r, la P M T e s t á c o n t r a i n d i c a d a e n e l c a s o d e t u m o r e s y t i e n e u n r i e s g o d e s e g u r i d a d d e a f e c t a r e l f u n a l a m o n a m.

D e a c h e r d o c o n e s t a i n v e n t i o n, s e p u e d e r e a l i z a r u n s i s t e m a d e m a g n e t o t h e r a p i to p u ls d r e u t i l i z a n d o e l s i s t e m P B T d e s c r i t o r e e m p l a z a n d o l o s c o m p o n e n t e s or p t i c o s c o n e l e c t r o i m a n e s and d a p t a n d o e l c i r c u i t o r a c t i v a tio n c o n t e n i d e n a l m o h a d i l l o v a r i l l i n t e l i g e n t e. O p c i o n a l m e n t e, lo s L E D p a r a P B T s e p u e d e n a c t i v a r e n c o m b i n a c i o n c o n e m is o r e s m a g n é t i c o s, and a s e a d e f o r m a s i m u a l t á n e i r i r i r a l t á n e l a. E n and l c a s o r i m p e r s r u n a m a t r i z d and e l e c t r o i m n e s, the m t r i z d and e l e c t r or i n a d e b e m o n t r s e e n u n to p l a c a d e c i r c u i t o i m p r e s s t r i d im e n s i o n a l m e n t e f l e x i b l e (or P C B 3 D) s i m i l r to q u e s e u t i l i z a a q u i p a r a m a t r i c e s d e L E D s d e s c r i b e e n s or l i c i t u d d e U S P T O n u m b e r o 14/919 0.594 t i t u l d to "3 D f l e x i b l e P c to d e c i r c u i t o

c a p a m e t á l i c a 1312. A l g u n a s p a r t e s de l a s c a p a s m e t á l i c a s 1311 p e r m a n e c e n d e s p r o t e g i d a s c o n e l f i n d e s o l d a r c o m p o n e b id r i c o m p o n e b id r í r c o m p o n e b id.

C o m o s e m u e s t r, i n t e r c o n e x i n e l e c t r i c to d and the s d i v e r s a s c a p a s d e m e t a l d e n t r o r u n P C B ris g id or d to d or e n t r e P C B ris g i d s and d e n t r o r P C B f l e x i b l e s s e p h o d e l o g r r s in the n e c e s an d d e c a b le s, c o n e c t o r e s o j u n t a s d e s o l d a d u r, u t i l i z a n d v o s c or n d u c t o r a s 1306, 1307 and 1308. E s t a s v o s c or n d u c t o r a s c o m p r e n d e n c o l u m n a s c or n d u c t o r a s d e m e t a l u o t r o s m t e r i a l e s d e b ja r e s i s t e n c i f o r m e d s p e r p e n d i c u l a r e s a l a s d i v e r s a s c a p a s d e m e t a l and p u e d e n p e n e t r r d s or m to s c a p a s d e m e t a l p r f a c i l i t r c o n e c t i v i t d m u l t in i v e l and t o p o l o g o s e l e c t r i c a s n or p n to s, e s d e c i r, c i r c u i t o s d o n th e s c or n d u c t o r e s d e b e n c r u z r s e e n t r e s t s in v o l v e r s e e l e c t r i c a m e n t e. c o r t o c i r c u i t a d o.

Add two free wheel diodes 1354 and 1355 to avoid high voltage spikes if you see that the current erosion is turned off quickly by recirculating the inducer current until the stored energy from the magnet is consumed E l = 0.5 LI 2 or until the current is conducted. Capacitors 1356 and 1357 are used to filter the switching noise, optionally, to intentionally form a tank circuit that with the inductance of the coil oscillates to a resonant frequency of fL c = 1 / (2 n SQRT (LC)). The energy to drive the selected V-magnets derives from the switching of the circuit of its in istro-energy, either a relay converter to increase the high speed or a B uck converter to reduce it. Alternatively, since the current leads 1343 and 1343 control the inducer current in all modes, the voltage regulator can be im in ated.

A u n q u e and l f u n c i o n a m i e n t o d e u n r e g u l a to r d e c o n m u t tio n s b e n c o r c i d e n t e c n i c a, a q uide s e i n c l u e u n c o n v e r t i d r e l e v to r e j and m p l a r c o m o f u e n t e d e a l i m e n t a t i o n d e e l e c t r o i m to n 1 363 c o n f i n e s i l u s t r a t i v or s. E n f u n c i o n a m i e n t o t he c o n t r o l to r P W M 1365 e n c e n d e e l M O S F E T 1366 d e p o t e n c i a p e r m i t i e n d q o o c o r r i e n t e e n e l i n d u c t o r d e r e f u e r z or 1369 u m e n t e d u r a n t e u n r f a c t i o n f i j a d e u n p e r t o d e c o n m u t tio n d e s p u s o f l c u a l e l M O S F E T 1366 d e p o t e n c i a s and a p g a. L i n t e r r u p t i o n o f c or n d u c t i o n e n e l M O S F E T h a c e q u e o f v o l t a g d d r e n a j d and l M O S F E T 1366 d e p o t e n c i a s e e l e v e i n s t a n t to n e a m e n t e, p or r r a n d h a c e a d e l a n t e e l d io d o S c h o t t k and 1367 and c r g a n d e l c a p a c i t o r 1368 u n v o l t je V and m. U n to s and n a l d and r and t r or l i m e n t a t i o n o f v o l t a g o f c a p a c i t o r s e "r e t r or l i m e n t a" e n t o n c e s to l c o n t r o l to r P W M 1365 p e r m i t i e n d or l c o n t r o l to r d e t e r m in r s i e l v o l t a g d e s a l i d e s t p p o r d e b j o o p o r e n c im to d e s u v or l t a g or b je t i v o.

If the voltage is below the je tive, the width of the unit will eventually be a larger percentage r D = turned on / (turned on covered) = (turned on / T pwm) of the next period

L a u n io n of P C B r ig id s 1515 a and 1515 b s e m u e s t r a in F I G U R A. 93 q u e i l u s t r a n s s u p e r f i c i e s c or n d u c t o r a s 1518 b and 1518 d and n c im to th e P C B ris g i d 1515 b e s t to n s or l d a d a s to s c r r e s p o n d i e n t e s s u p e r f i c i e s c or n d u c t o r a s 1518 and 1518 c d e b j o f P C B ris g i t 1515 p r e s t a b l e c e r c o n e c t i v i t d e l e c t r i c e n t r e a s P C B s u p e r i o r e i n f e r i o r and p to r p r o p o r t i o n r s o p o r t m e c to n i c and r i g i d e z for b or q u i l l a. O p c i o n a l m e n t e, l o r i f i c i o p a s a n t e a t r v s o f s 1519 and 1519 b r e l l e n or c o n p a s t a d e s o l d a d u r l P l a t a s e p h o d e f u n d i r p r f o r m r u n o r i f i c i o p a s a n t e c o n t i n u e x t e n d i e n d o s e a t r v s o f P C B ris g i d a s u p e r i o r 1515 and P C B ris g i t i n f e r i o r 1515 b.

The circuit for the PBT periodontal mouthpiece is shown in FIGURE. 94. Given that high voltage is not allowed in the mouth of the patient, the input voltage V must be reduced to regulate even a lower voltage or V led by means of the linear regulation of LDO 1520. The filter capacitors 1521 and 1522 are included and in order to stabilize the linear regulator in order to stabilize the linear regulator. Under the control of the 1535 microcontroller of the unit, it executes programs stored in the memory volume and not volume 1536 and 1526 according to the j 1534 and the 1531 time reference, the signals of the microcontroller are They use to drive independently the programmable current sources 1524 a and 15 24 b with control signals 1537 a and 1537 b.

L a s s e n a l e s s e p h o d e n u t i l i z r p r e n c e n d e r and p to g r d i g i t a l m e n t e l or s L E D or a l t e r n a t i v a m e n t e, p a r a p r o g r a m r c r r i e n t e c o n d u c i t o s i n t e t r a r u n f o r m a d e o n d a p e r tio d i c a, c o m o u n a or n d s in u s id to l. The current of the current source 1524 as is reflected in the torbipolar NPN 1525 transistor to control the current in the orbipolar NPN 1526 transistor a and, therefore, the current in the LEDs 1504 a and 1504 by identically controlling the current in the LEDs 1504 c and 15 0 d, all according to the microprogram 1535 execution. In a similar way, the current of the current source 1524 b is reflected in the torbipolar transistor NPN 1525 b to control the current in the orbipolar transistor NPN 1526 b and, therefore, the current in the LEDs 1505 a and 1505 b and similarly in the LEDs 1505 c and 1505 d according to the e je c ó n d e l p r o g r a m a d e l m i c r o c o n t r o l a d o r 1535. D e s t a m a n e r a, la c o r r i e n t e d e l L E D s e p u e d e c o n t r o l a r u t i l i z a n d o u a m e r a n o m e p o n e p o r o m e p o n o m e pio n o m e pio P o r lo t a n t o, l o s c i r c u i t o s de l c o n t r o l a d o r m i n i a t u r i z a d o p u e d e n a l o j a r s e n e l r e c in t o 1502 m o s t r a d o in the F I G U R A. 90.

U ltra T e rapy are id o - T that distribute and PBT system, as also described applicable of conducting piezoelectric transducers for ultrasound products in the frequency range of the 100 kHz to 4MHz range. The dominant therapeutic action mechanism for ultrasound and vibratory therapy, good to break up the docicatriciate and cause encouragement with good deep penetration. Activation algorithms can be similar to those used in unuseful activation of LEDs described in this document, including digital (pulsed) and unused activation. The distributed PBY described is capable of realizing an ultra-unique or unique portfolio in an independent way or in combination with PBT. Using the described system, high-noise transducers can also be combined with multiple arrays of LEDs to break up the atricial tissue using late nest delay, and to eliminate it using PBT-induced phagocytosis.

s u m in i s t r o r e g u l a d o V p z g e n e r a d o p o r e l c o n v e r t i d o r C C / C C 1550 c o n c a p a c i t o r d e n t r a d a 1 551, c a p a c i t o r d e s a l u a l o n o m tio (y n o r a m tio)

L o s M O S F E T de la d o a l t o 1564 a y 1564 b s o n im p u l s a d o s p o r c i r c u i t o s de c o n t r o l a d o r d e c a m b i o d e n iv e l 1566 a y 1566 b. D e m a n e r a s i m i l a r, l o s M O S F E T de la d o b a jo 1563 a y 1563 b s o n i m p u l s a d o s p o r a m o r t i g u a d o r e s de la d o b a jo 1565 a and 1565 b. E n f u n c i o n a m i e n t o and l g e p h o n t e f o r m e d p o r e l M O S F E T 1564 d and l c n a l N d e l l e d b jo and e l c n a l P 1563 o f the d or l t o s e d e s f a s a c o n e l g e p h o n t e f o r m e d p o r e l M O S F E T 1564 b d e l c n a l N d e l l e d b jo and e l P d e l l a d or l t o. c a n a l 1563 b. W de l a d o de a l t a u a n d o P - c a n a l 1564 a M O S F E T e s t á e n c e n d i d o y la r e a l i z a c i o n, a c o n t i n u a c i o n de l a d o d e b a ja = 1563 a d e c a n a l. A l m i s m or t i e m p o, and L M O S F E T 1564 b d e l c n a l P o f the d or l t e s t to a p g to d or l u e g e l c n a l N 1563 b d e l d or b jo e s t to e n c e n d i d or c or n d u c i e n d o, p or r I q u and V y = 0 d u r a n t e e l c u a l c r r i e n t e f l u e d e V x to V and. E n e l s i g u i e n t e m e d io c i c l o, e l f l u j o de c o r r i e n t e s e i n v i e r t e de V y a V x. E n f u n c i o n a m i e n t o, l o s d s s e m ip u e n t e s s o n d e s f a s a d o s p o r e l i n v e r s o r 1567 e n r e s p h o s t to the s a l i t o f a l m o h a d i l l a p C 1557 L a s a l i t y t he s e m ip u e n t e e s b i d i r e c t i o n a l and t i e n e u n to m g n i t u d s or l b u t a ± V p z. L a s a l i d a d e la a l m o h a d i l a p C 1557 t a m b i é n s e u s a p a r a i m p u l s a r u n a m a t r i z de L E D 1561 a t r a v é s de l c o n t r o l a d o r d e L E c e r e t i r i o s.

E n u n a r e a l i z a t i o n a l t e r n a t i v a m o s t r a d a in the F I G U R A. 96, u n a m a t r i z p r o g r a m a b l e d e s u m id e r o s d e c o r r i e n t e r e e m p l a z a e l m e d io p u e n t e n la a c t i v a c ió n d e m ú l t ip l e s t r a z e r o s e p u c t. C o m o s e m u e s t r a, a l m or h to d i l l a p C 1557 e n v í u n to m g n i t u d d ig i t a l l c o n v e r t i d r D / A 1573 u s e d p a r a c o n t r o l r c r r i e n t e c o n d u c i t e r I s s u m id e r or s d e c r r i e n t e 1576 15 75 t r v s o f l o s c r r e s p o n d i e n t e s t r a n s d u c t o r e s p i e z e l e c t r i c s 1562 and 1562 b, r and s p e c t i v a m e n t e. L a s c o r r i e n t e s p i e z o e l é c t r i c a s Ip z 1 and P z 2 s e p u ls a n d i g i t a l p o r c o n v e r t i d o r e s 1571 y 15 72 p a r a c o n t r o l a r la f r e c u o n e l a d e d e r o s o l e r o n c o d e.

U n e m p l o f a l m o h a d i l a U S P B T s e m u e s t r a in the F I G U R A. 97 q u e c o m p r e n d e u n a a l m o h a d i l l L E D i n t e l i g e n t e m o s t r a d a c o n u n a v i s t a s u p e r i o r 1581, u n a v i s t a i n f e r i o r 1584 and u n a v i s t a l a t e r l q u e i n c lu and e u n s or c o n e c t o r U S B 1598. L s e c tio n t r a n s v e r s a l 1580 i n c l u e P C B ris g id or 1588; P C B f l e x i b l e 1589, L E D 1591, s e n s o r 1590 y t r a n s d u c t o r e s p i e z o e l é c t r i c o s 1592 a y 1 592 b. L c or b ie r t a d e to l m or h to d i l l p o l i m e r i c a L E D 1581 i n c lu and and the s to b e r t u r e s 1595 and c a v i t y 1596, and e l p l a s t i c t r a n s p r e n t e p r o t e c t o r 1587. L to l m or h to d i l l L E D 15 80 i n c l u e p a r t s u p e r i o r c s o b r e p o l y m e r o f l e x i b l e 1581 c o n s a l i e n t e 1583, p o l i m e r o f l e x i b l e i n f e r i o r 1684 c o n s a l i e n t e 15 85.

Optionally, the LEDs for PBT can be activated in combination with the ultrasound signals, and also simultaneously or alternately over time. The combined application of unique therapy and photobiomodules (in this document at all USPBT) is helpful in breaking down scar tissue by using other sounds and using PBT to aid in the removal of dead cells.

PBTLEDB is on the right / E a rs - Although PBT can be performed trans- raneally, another option is to inject the light directly into the nose so it uses the sero LEDs in the near spectrum, infrared, and blue. All the device is expected to. As an automatic device, the device must use a relive software client capable of executing a few pre-programmed or rhythms. Alternatively, the device can enhance the transmission of data from a user control module via a cable connection, B lu etootho W iF i 802 .11 with power. The user control module is a communication finger, the PBT controller works in a similar way to the controller of your smart LED pad, except that it does not turn on the LEDs inside a pad, but transmits to the LED buttons as an unnecessary process for it is not necessary. within the shoots. Therefore, the described PBT system is directly compatible to support LEDPBT buttons for left-handed treatments. Another benefit of intranasal intraaural PBT (that is, in it) is its ability to kill pathogens and bacteria that inf ect cavities in use.

P un t s LEDPBT for acupuncture : another LED source of a size that is a small LED or “point” to be, a size pad of a coin that only falls on the body on the points of acupuncture. This device does not have space for power of the battery. The device can extend data transmission from a user control module via a cable connection, B lu etootho W iF i 802 .11 with power. The user control mode is its communication finger, the PBT controller works the same as the controller of a smart LED pad, except that it does not activate the LEDs inside a pad, but transmits it to the LED / L points to be like a smart LED pad driver, except that it does not activate the LEDs inside a pad, but rather transmits it to the LED / l points to be like a process that does not pass through the actual process. Therefore, the described PBT system is directly compatible to support LEDPBT buttons for LED acupuncture points.

A ur ic u the B lu e to o th re s : Although not medically therapeutic, in jacy applications, music can be transmitted to the ear through Bluetooth synchronized with the waveform of PBT treatment. Given the capacity for shape-synthesis of the disclosed PBT system, it is able to support asynchronized m u s ic and PBT treatment.

1. U n s i s t e m a d e f o t o t e r a p i a q u e c o m p r e n d e:

u n to p r im e r a c a d e n d e d i o d s and m is o r e s o f mo z (L E D), c o m p r i n d i e n d d i c h to p r im e r a c a d e n d e L E D u n to p l u r a l i d a d d e L E D to d a p t e d s t a r g e n e r r r d ia tio n e l e c t r or m g n é t i c a (E M R) q u e i n c l u e r d ia tio n d e u n to p r im e r l o n g i t e d d e o n d to 1;

u n p r im e r c o n t r o l a d o r d e c a n a l a c o p l a d o a d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D p a r a c o n t r o l a r u n a c o r r i e n t e e l é c t r i c a a r a d e d e h e d e d e h e d e d e h e

u n p r im e r m i c r o c o n t r o l a d o r q u e c o m p r e n d e u n a b i b l i o t e c a d e p a t r o n e s, d i c h a b i b l i o t e c a d e p a t r o n e s a l m a c e n a a l m e n o s u n a l g o r i t m o d i c h o a l m e n o s u n a l g o r i t m o d e f i n e u n a s e c u e n c i a d e p r o c e s o p a r a c o n t r o l a r d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D e s p e c i f i c a n d o d i c h o a l g o r i t m o u n to f r e c u e n c y f1 d e p u ls or s d e E M R e m i t id or s p o r d i c h a p l u r a l i d a d d e L E D, u n f a c t o r d e t r a b a j o r d i c h o s p u ls or s d e E M R e m i t i d o s p o r d i c h a p l u r a l i d a d d e L E D y u n a m a g n i t u d d e d i c h a c o r r i e n t e a t r a v é s d e d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D; Y

u n a a l m o h a d i l l q u e c o m p r e n d e d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D, d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D e s t a c o l o c a d e n d i c h a a l m o h a d i l l a p a r a p e r m i t i r q u e d i c h o E M R s e a i r r a d i a d o h a c e u n o r g a n i s m o v i v o c u a n d d i c h a a l m o h a d i l l a s e c o l o c a a d and c e n t e a d i c h o o r g a n i s m o v i v o, c o m p r e n d i e n d o d i c h a a l m o h a d i l l a u n s e g u n d o m i c r o c o n t r o l a d o r p a r a c o n t r o l a r u t o n o m m e n t e d i c h o p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D.

Claims (1)

U n s i s t e m a d e f o t o t e r a p i a q u e c o m p r e n d e: u n to p r im e r a c a d e n d e d i o d s and m is o r e s o f mo z (L E D), c o m p r i n d i e n d d i c h to p r im e r a c a d e n d e L E D u n to p lu r a l i d a d d e L E D to d a p t e d s t a r g e n e r r r d ia tio n e l e c t r or m g n é t i c a (E M R) q u e i n c l u e r d ia tio n d e u n to p r im e r l o n g i t e d d e o n d to 1; u n p r im e r c o n t r o l a d o r d e c a n a l a c o p l a d o a d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D p a r a c o n t r o l a r u n a c o r r i e n t e e l é c t r i c a a r a d e d e h e d e d e h e d e d e h e u n p r im e r m i c r o c o n t r o l a d o r q u e c o m p r e n d e u n a b i b l i o t e c a d e p a t r o n e s, d i c h a b i b l i o t e c a d e p a t r o n e s a l m a c e n a a l m e n o s u n a l g o r i t m o d i c h o a l m e n o s u n a l g o r i t m o d e f i n e u n a s e c u e n c i a d e p r o c e s o p a r a c o n t r o l a r d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D e s p e c i f i c a n d o d i c h o a l g o r i t m o u n to f r e c u e n c e f 1 d e p u ls or s d e E M R e m i t i d o s p o r d i c h a p l u r a l i d a d d e L E D, u n f a c t o r d e t r a b a j o r d i c h o s p u ls or s d e E M R e m i t i d o s p o r d i c h a p l u r a l i d a d d e L E D y u n a m a g n i t u d d e d i c h a c o r r i e n t e a t r a v é s d e d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D; Y u n a a l m o h a d i l l q u e c o m p r e n d e d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D, d i c h a p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D e s t a c o l o c a d e n d i c h a a l m o h a d i l l a p a r a p e r m i t i r q u e d i c h o E M R s e a i r r a d i a d o h a c e u n o r g a n i s m o v i v o c u a n d d i c h a a l m o h a d i l l a s e c o l o c a a d and c e n t e a d i c h o o r g a n i s m o v i v o, c o m p r e n d i e n d o d i c h a a l m o h a d i l l a u n s e g u n d o m i c r o c o n t r o l a d o r p a r a c o n t r o l a r d e m a n e r a u t o n o m a d i c h o p r im e r a c a d e n a d e L E D.