ES2757974A1 - AUTONOMOUS MOBILE PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY GENERATOR AND FOLDING/UNFOLDING PROCEDURE OF SOLAR PANELS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator, comprising a set of solar panels (1), arranged on a supporting structure (2) and a crosspiece (3), where the entire supporting structure (2) is supported by a bench (4) with rolling means (5) and coupling means (6) to a traction vehicle, with a two-axis solar tracking system from two axes of movement, on the one hand, Azimuth with a hub (12) and a linear actuator (13) and on the other hand the lifting movement supported by an elliptical bearing guide (14); it also includes a device for avoiding wind with a rotation axis of the horizontal rotation system (24) of the solar panels (1); a rolling system with stabilizers under the bench (4) with arms (8) arranged diagonally on the lifting means (7) and a system for folding and unfolding of the solar panels (1) that includes an interlocking point (20), guides (21), a horizontal rotation system (24), a bolt (22) that acts as an axis of rotation between the crosshead (3) and the supporting structure (2) of the solar panels (1) . (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Autonomous mobile generator of photovoltaic energy and folding / unfolding procedure of the solar panels.

Object of the invention

It is an autonomous mobile photovoltaic power generator and folding / unfolding procedure for solar panels, which is easily transportable, foldable and manually deployable, fully installed and ready to be connected directly to an external electrical network or create its own own network All the equipment in its folded position is collected on a supporting structure, having rolling elements that allow its movement with some ease and to be towed by a vehicle to its destination of use or for storage.

This mobile generator distinguishes, among others, a:

- Two axis solar tracking system.- using a single pusher,

- Wind dodging device.- which is based on the weight of the solar panels and an axis for clamping and turning them located asymmetrically in height,

- Abatement and panel deployment system.- Compact and collected equipment, with a rolled supporting structure for its transport,

- Rolling system with stabilizers.- Under the base of the equipment support structure, some ground stabilizers are placed and the support base is extended to reinforce the anti-tip system, consisting of 4 telescopic bars arranged diagonally on a scissor table that moves vertically using a screw

This invention has its field of application in the industry of autonomous electric power generators. Background of the Invention

Today there are many mobile devices with solar panels, capable of generating and supplying a certain amount of electrical energy at a certain point. The current equipment requires specialized technical labor for its use and connection.

An example of this equipment is represented in Utility Model ES-1195860_U for “Transportable modular solar generator”, where a chassis or structure with wheels, includes the means for the production of electrical energy with solar panels, each solar panel having a pair of vertical bars anchored to the chassis, associated at their ends with cylinders that move said bars when folding and unfolding.

These portable installations are usually fixed, so a significant solar collection surface is required for minimum performance, since the lack of these solar tracking plates, the performance is minimal. At the same time, since the equipment is portable, it cannot be endowed with much surface, due to the cost, weight and volume it occupies, making it impractical except for cases in which there is no other way of supplying electricity.

Some authors, in order to alleviate some of these described drawbacks, such as in patent WO2012013827A1 for "Foldable solar tracker and operating procedure" have developed a folding and unfolding structure (manual) of solar panels, based on the folding of some stringers with articulated end sections on which the panels are fixed, with a single fold on each side of the panel support structure, which means reducing the surface in half as a maximum reduction.

Likewise, in this document the support legs on the ground, one of the options that it offers is that they be of a telescopic nature, in order to provide stability in the equipment, however, this structure increases the height of the assembly in its position folding making it more difficult to practice, while once deployed, precisely what is required is that it be as high as possible in order to promote the greatest possible capture of solar energy.

In turn, to vary the position of 'elevation' of the solar panels (perpendicular to the sun's rays) it uses two groups of parallel arms of different length actuated by means, which can be a mechanical actuator associated with a motor Electric and commanded by a programmer with GPS positioning or compass. That is to say, it requires two mechanical actuators for two movements of the panels in their monitoring of the sun, which are the azimuth and the height, assuming greater cost, maintenance and complexity of the installation, as well as establishing a dependency on external devices or Increase of your own such as GPS, compass or similar.

The author of the present invention is unaware of the existence of any electrical energy generating equipment by solar panels with a two-axis solar tracker, which has a mechanism or device that prevents it from damage due to the force exerted by excessive wind.

In this field, it is only known that the structure is rigid enough to prevent its displacement (the panels act as sails), which implies such robustness that it would significantly increase the weight of the structure in relation to the production of electrical energy ; or also the common action in most of the structures of placing the panels horizontally to reduce to a greater extent that the wind damages the installation, which means a significant reduction in the collection of solar energy due to bad orientation, in addition to the fact that in many cases the installation is disconnected and stops producing.

As means for the stabilization of the portable equipment, one of the systems used is to use leveling legs with telescopic or articulated arms, which are removed in their working location in such a way that the supports are away from the equipment and therefore providing stability in scenarios of wind buckling or when the center of gravity is elevated. The main drawback of this system is, in addition to the weight and complexity, that the working height is substantially high in relation to the user's operation. Description of the invention

In order to provide a global solution to all the drawbacks previously described, a self-contained mobile photovoltaic power generator and folding / unfolding procedure for solar panels are described below. For this, this generator consists of a set of solar panels, arranged on a supporting structure and a crosshead, where the entire supporting structure is supported by a bench with rolling means and a means of attachment to a traction vehicle.

Underneath the bench is a stabilizing device and lifting means, and on the bench and under the supporting structure are the batteries and the electrical panel with the electronic equipment for proper operation, which are located under cover of the solar panels at all times,

This generator comprises a:

- Two axis solar tracking system.- Solar monitoring is carried out from two movements, on the one hand,

^o Azimuth axis (East-West movement);

For this, a supporting structure is used with a crosspiece on which the solar panels rest, it is executed by means of a structural tube with an axis of rotation on a bushing reinforced with plates for fixing plates by means of bolts that in turn allow rotation in the lifting movement. .

This crosshead or crosshead-shaped structure is supported on a hub with the shaft positioned vertically, which allows rotation with minimal friction, and rotates by pulling or pushing by means of the linear actuator controlled by a position detector of the Sun.

The spider supported by the bushing rotates by pulling or pushing by means of a linear actuator, which affects an eccentric point of the support arm of the bushing and is capable of causing the crosshead to rotate around the axis of the bushing.

^o Axis of Elevation (movement of inclination of the panels in relation to the height of the sun) In this case the same support of the solar panels serves as an elliptical bearing guide, whose geometry is based on the geometry of the path of the sun along of the day. Path of the cartesian coordinates (abscissa - Azimuth and ordinate -Elevation).

The elliptical guided mechanical system has been designed according to the trajectory according to the polar coordinates of the graph of the sun. It is supported by an articulated structure, which, on the one hand, is articulately connected to the solar tracker device and, on the other, to the elliptical bearing guide, so that it allows its mechanical adjustment and thus adapts the elevation to the path of the sun at a certain time. of the year.

As the bearing structure of the panels rotates, they will be oriented vertically, due to the design of the elliptical support bearing guide, whose radius is greater in the East-West orientation and therefore the bearing structure of the panels will lose inclination when approaching to the axis of rotation.

In addition to obtaining the appropriate elevation value at a certain degree of rotation (Azimuth), the system must allow different values to be obtained throughout the year. For this reason, the elliptical bearing guide that supports the guides of the solar path is adjustable in height. This adjustment allows you to zoom in or out on the path to the axis of rotation and therefore it is achieved that the angle with respect to the vertical also varies throughout the year. As the path gets closer to the axis of rotation the angle will be greater as well as the elevation.

The articulated structure, on the one hand, is articulately connected to the solar tracker device and on the other to the elliptical bearing guide, with certain positions according to certain times of the year, such as the summer and winter solstice, or other intermediate positions that adapt to the temporary conditions of the year.

To achieve the relative displacement of the elliptical bearing guide with respect to the solar tracker device, and therefore the hub and its movement, a connecting rod actuator is used that acts on the connecting rods of the articulated structure, modifying the relative position in height and inclination between elliptical bearing guide and the solar tracker device and in this way favor the adequate inclination of the solar panels to search for the perpendicularity to the rays of the sun in their lifting movement.

This connecting rod actuator will be activated, either manually or automatically, mechanically, hydraulically and / or electrically, with sufficient robustness and power to maintain the weight and displacement of the supporting structure with the solar panels in position.

The solar tracker device also has a distance adjustment, which allows you to play with the radii of the elliptical guide, that is, you can increase the distance to the axis of rotation disproportionately and therefore adopt a greater radius of rotation in the ends than on the sides, with which the maximum elevation is achieved in the middle of the day without the values at the beginning of the day being substantially altered.

In this way and by making specific adjustments in certain seasons of the year and depending on the latitude where the generator is located, the appropriate elevation is obtained throughout the day.

In this way, using a single linear actuator, causing the set of solar panels to slide along the elliptical bearing guide, which emulates the elliptical movement of the sun represented in a solar graph of the solar movement. zone.

In turn, a set of connecting rods cranks supporting the articulated structure of the solar panels, when moving through said elliptical bearing guide in its solar tracking movement, cause the panels to adjust to their 'elevation', position of the sun at all times, and thus cause the maximum possible perpendicularity to the solar rays towards the panels.

To facilitate the movement of the supporting structure of the solar panels along the path of the elliptical support guide, this support structure has a panel support roller, which contacts the elliptical support guide and favors its rest and sliding.

The support structure has a panel support roller, which is in charge of resting and sliding against the elliptical support guide in order to facilitate the movement of the support structure of the solar panels along the path of the support guide. elliptical.

- Wind avoidance device.- It is based on the fact that the solar panels are supported by a rotation axis of the horizontal rotation system of the panels whose position is such that, in addition to having the center of gravity shifted asymmetrically, it distributes greater surface just on the side where the center of gravity is located.

In this way, the center of gravity is located at the bottom of the solar panels in relation to the axis of rotation. Thus, when the wind blows from the rear, this lower part will normally receive more thrust as it has a greater surface area, which will tend to lift the panels upwards by rotating around the axis of rotation of the mentioned panels, which is located asymmetrically.

On the other hand, when the wind collides against the panels, which in no case will be totally vertical with the ground, there is a reflection of the wind, which when hitting the ground, another refraction in the opposite direction to the ground will tend to balance panels.

As the panels are raised, the angle of attack of the wind is modified and therefore the value of the component resulting from the refraction will be reduced until the height of the elevation stabilizes. The elevation height is directly proportional to the wind speed and will decrease as the force of the wind decreases.

The reaction of the equipment and the elevation depend to a great extent on the deviation of the center of gravity with respect to the axis of rotation. Depending on the geographical area where the equipment is installed, there will be different wind conditions, so this equipment has the possibility of mounting the set of panels displacing the center of gravity of the solar panels, for which it is modified in the desired position by placing the anchor bolt in the corresponding hole in the guide, so the axis of rotation consists of anchoring the bolt in a hole of the guide, which determines the position of the center of gravity of the solar panels.

This mechanism of elevation of the solar panels to avoid the wind, means that the elevation system can be unlocked (height of the sun). For this reason, the equipment allows it to unlock (rise according to the force of the wind) and return to the point of origin when the wind decreases its intensity, recovering the panels to their optimal inclination.

The entire rotating system rests by gravity on an inclined support which serves at the same time as curved guidance, whose geometry is based on the path of the sun throughout the day (elevation). In other words, the entire set of panels rests on a cylinder that slides on the guide, forcing us to copy the curvilinear trajectory that is the one that the sun follows throughout the day.

When the force of the wind is such that the integrity of the installation is jeopardized, one of the positioning holes of the guide bolt is such that it maintains the supporting structure anchored with the solar panels in a completely horizontal position, which prevents further affection to the generator object of the invention.

- Rolling system with stabilizers.- Stabilizers and lifting means are placed under the base of the equipment's supporting structure, consisting of arms arranged diagonally on the lifting means, means that materialize on a scissor table that It is moved vertically by means of a screw, which is capable of locating the support base below the level of the rolling means, and in such a way that the arms are extended reaching a diameter of 6 m, coupling to the irregularities of the terrain and raising the set enough so that the solar panels do not hit the ground in working condition.

Given the wingspan of the panels, the horizontal axis of rotation (elevation tracking) remains at a minimum height so that they do not collide with the ground as they move above the vertical.

Each one of the arms, which will be preferably telescopic, slides and picks up on a support that in turn is anchored to the base of the scissor table by means of a pivot point in the front part and a system for adjusting the inclination of the support in the rear by means of a thrust screw. By varying the inclination of the support we make the adjustment of the support to the unevenness of the terrain.

The arms slide and collect on an arm support anchored to the base of the scissor table of the lifting means.

- System of folding and unfolding of panels. - Compact and collected equipment, with a support structure rolled for its transport. Once folded, the solar panels are protected from knocks and at the height of user manipulation, resulting in easy access and handling for the deployment, use and folding of the equipment on the same day.

For the execution of the abatement system and deployment of the solar panels it is equipped with:

- an interlocking point of the transport position,

- displacement guides with various housings,

- a horizontal turning system,

- a bolt that acts as an axis of rotation between the crosshead and the supporting structure of the solar panels.

Likewise, the solar panels have in their lower part

- a fixing structure,

- a bar housing,

- a telescopic upper fixing bar,

- side telescopic bars,

- which, like the telescopic upper fixing bars,

- side bar housings.

In turn, each of these solar panels is supported by:

- a hinged structure consisting of

^or a male half part attached to the side of the solar panel with a hinge axis,

^or a female half part with a U-piece that fits the hinge shaft,

Starting from the total folding position of the generator, firstly the interlocking point is released from the transport position, the supporting structure slides along the displacement guides until reaching what we will call the 'zero' folding position, which coincides with the horizontal axis fixing and turning point for the regulation of the inclination of the solar panels in its adjustment of the distribution of weight and arrangement of the center of gravity.

The interlocking is carried out through a horizontal rotation system, by means of a bolt that acts as an axis of rotation between the crosshead and the supporting structure of the solar panels. The change in the center of gravity of the weight of the solar panels is regulated according to the position of the horizontal rotation bolt of the solar panels with respect to the movement in the guide. This guide has various housings for the bolt, in such a way that depending on the position of the bolt in the housing it occupies, the location of the axis of rotation will vary and therefore will modify the center of gravity of the solar panels, all in function of the predictable wind force in the area.

The solar panels have in their lower part a fixing structure, which is located in solidarity with the solar panel itself, and has a bar housing that allows the passage of the upper fixing telescopic bar. This telescopic upper fixing bar, once lodged in the housing of the fixing structure, is fixed by means of a pin that prevents its displacement. In this way, together with the hinge system, both solar panels are stiffened and solidified, that is, the lower solar panel with its corresponding upper one are unified forming a single joint block.

On the other hand, the solar panels also have lateral telescopic bars at the bottom, which fit into their extension with the corresponding fixing structure, this time arranged perpendicular to these lateral telescopic bars in the bar housings. side.

From the 'zero' position, the deployment of the solar panels begins, starting with the upper central panel that rests on the central panel, it is folded down until it is placed at 180 ° from its folded position. Once deployed, it is fixed by means of a telescopic upper fixing bar, which is removed or displaced from its rest position by the lower part of the central solar panel until reaching the bar housing of the fixing structure of the upper central solar panel where it is housed and fixed by means of the corresponding pin.

Subsequently, the folded panels of both side panels are raised from the original position and anchored so that they are arranged in a horizontal position. For this anchorage, the lateral telescopic bars arranged at the bottom of the lateral solar panels are moved or removed until reaching the respective side bar housings of the corresponding fixing structure.

Subsequently, from these side panels, separate upper side panels are untied and anchored in the same way as the upper central solar panel, that is, the upper lateral solar panels are anchored by means of telescopic upper fixing bars, which are removed or moved from their rest position by the lower part of the corresponding lateral solar panel until reaching the bar housing of the upper lateral solar panel fixing structure where it is housed and fixed by means of the corresponding pin. Subsequently, from the side panels, the extreme solar panels, which are fixedly anchored, are hinged laterally, instead of hinged like the previous ones. So, they are disengaged from their rest position and re-anchored to the same lateral solar panels but in a horizontal operating position. From these extreme lateral solar panels, two extreme upper lateral solar panels are untied, all these solar panels are also anchored to form a single plane with the rest of the extended solar panels.

Once all the deployed solar panels are obtained, the horizontal rotation system of the supporting structure is unlocked and by gravity the assembly will swing to its working position.

Each of these solar panels is supported by a hinged structure consisting of a male half part attached to the side of the solar panel with a hinge axis, which fits a female half part with a U-piece that fits the hinge axis, of so that the solar plate associated with the male half-part rotates around the hinge axis in relation to the solar plate associated with the female half-part, allowing its folding.

The female half part has locking screws that close the turning perimeter of the hinge axis and therefore prevent the hinge from slipping out of its working position. In the design of the female half part, it has been taken into account that the entire lever arm in the 180 ° working position rests on part of the folded structure and there is only contact with the locking screws in the 0 ° rest position.

Once all the solar panels have been deployed and the generator facing the sun, the solar panels begin to produce electrical energy, which they store in the batteries placed on the bench, and from here, governed by the electrical panel, connects to the electrical grid at the one that supplies.

For its use and operation, the position of the connecting rod actuator will be fixed, in relation to the articulated structure, in that position that corresponds to the season and time of year, in order to provide the supporting structure and the solar panels with the adequate inclination to the elevation required for the maximum perpendicularity of the solar rays on the panels.

Likewise, the bolt is fixed in the hole of the guide corresponding to the foreseeable wind force conditions in the area, so that when the surface of the solar panels is balanced to its working position, the center of gravity of the weight of all this set facilitate the dodge of the wind, as it has been described previously.

Depending on the time of year, the team's programming places the solar panels first in the morning, in their 'East' position perpendicular to the sun's rays and with the appropriate elevation for it. As the day passes, the linear actuator connected to the supporting structure by an eccentric point, that is, this does not coincide with the connection of the hub with the supporting structure, so that a moment is generated that causes the structure to rotate. around the connection with the hub.

During this push of the linear actuator, according to the established programming, the entire weight of the supporting structure with the solar panels is shifted on the panel support roller following the elliptical supporting guide, varying the inclination of the supporting structure with the solar panels and therefore the 'elevation' in relation to the position of the sun at all times, reaching its point of maximum inclination towards the solar noon, since the distance at this time between the support point of the panel support roller and the elliptical bearing guide is the largest of the route.

Although this generator, due to the relation supplied power, cost and maneuverability, has been preferably designed for a total of 10 solar panels, whose arrangement in the generator is as follows:

- upper central solar panel,

- central solar panel,

- 2 side solar panels,

- 2 upper side solar panels,

- 2 extreme solar panels and

- 2 extreme top side solar panels

However, this number of solar panels is not limiting for their functionality, as you can purchase any number of these panels as long as they adapt to the described characteristics.

Advantages of the invention

The use of the autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator and the folding / unfolding procedure of the solar panels, object of the present invention, provides a series of advantages in relation to what is known up to now, such as:

- It can be transported to the desired place with any vehicle and can be moved by hand, being able to be located in places close to the point of consumption to minimize installation and distribution costs, as well as surveillance.

- It is a compact and lightweight equipment that takes up less space than currently used.

- It does not need to be anchored to the network, so it can be used in different places.

- The equipment is operational in a few minutes, without the need for any type of assembly or specialized labor.

- It can be located on any type of terrain even if it is uneven, since it is leveled thanks to the stabilizing legs, without the need to anchor it to the sill.

- Equipment that can be folded down in a few minutes so it can be collected and stored for safety, and can be stored indoors at night and supplying the energy accumulated in its batteries. - By having a solar tracking system, it allows producing 40% more energy than fixed systems, horizontally and vertically oriented to the position of the sun every day of the year.

- The solar tracking design according to the solar graph translates into a robust and low-cost system - The panels are accessible from the ground for cleaning.

- Hot air does not accumulate behind the panels, keeping them ventilated and refrigerated. - Longer useful life for the rest of the equipment, located behind the rotating panels, they are never exposed to the sun, rain or snow.

- The equipment is protected against extreme wind conditions while still producing energy, through a mechanical system that does not depend on electricity to function.

- The equipment as designed does not require any type of maintenance, configuration or specialized personnel for its start-up and operation.

- The main components of the generating equipment are standard, so its cost is competitive.

The person skilled in the art will readily understand that he can combine features of different embodiments with features of other possible embodiments, provided that such a combination is technically possible.

Description of the figures

To better understand the object of the present invention, a preferred practical embodiment thereof has been represented in the attached drawing,

Figure -1- shows a top perspective of the autonomous generator object of the present invention folded and in zero position.

Figure -2- shows a top perspective of the autonomous generator object of the present invention with the panels unfolded.

Figure -3- shows a top perspective view of the crosshead with Azimut bushing Without bearing

Figure -4- shows a top perspective view of the crosshead with Azimut Sur bushing.

Figure -5- shows a perspective view of the supporting structure with East panels.

Figure -6- shows a perspective view of the supporting structure with Oste panels.

Figure -7- shows supporting structure with panels South Elevation Solstice Summer

Figure -8- shows supporting structure with panels South Elevation Solstice winter

Figure -9 shows a perspective view of the supporting structure with panels South elevation Spring. Figure -10 shows a perspective view of the Wind elusive system.

Figure -11 shows a perspective view of the Wind Elusive System blowing

Figure -12 shows a side perspective view of the stabilizer lifting system OK Figure -13 shows a perspective view of the stabilizer lifting system.

Figure -13a shows a perspective view of a detail of the previous figure.

Figure -14 shows a perspective view of the bottom stabilizer lifting system

Figure -15 shows a perspective view of the stabilizer lifting system.

Figure -15a shows a perspective view of a detail of the previous figure.

Figure -16 shows a bottom perspective view of the generator object of the invention fully folded, with the absence of a side to view the interior.

Figure -16a shows a bottom perspective view of a detail of the movement guides of the panels of the previous figure.

Figure -17 shows a bottom perspective view of the generator object of the invention fully folded, in its first unlatched position, with the absence of a side to view the interior

Figure -17a shows a bottom perspective view of a detail of the movement guides of the panels of the previous figure.

Figure -18 shows a top perspective view with the first lateral solar panel unfolded.

Figure -19 shows a top perspective view of the unfolded upper center panel.

Figure -20 shows a bottom perspective view of the folded top center panel with three details of the mounting of the side telescopic bars.

Figure -21 shows a top perspective view of the panel hinge system.

Figure -22 shows a top perspective view of a detail of the previous figure.

Figure -23 shows a bottom perspective view of an intermediate position of the cut.

Figure -23a shows a perspective view of a detail of the hook of the previous figure

Figure -24 shows a bottom perspective view with a side panel of the upper part folded at 90 °. Figure -24a shows a perspective view of a detail of the hook of the previous figure.

Figure -25 shows a bottom perspective view with the penultimate side panel unfolded and a detail of its anchorage.

Figure -26 shows a bottom perspective view with the penultimate side panel unfolded.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The constitution and characteristics of the invention will be better understood with the following description made with reference to the attached figures.

Figures 1 and 2 show the two extreme positions of the solar panels, where figure 1 represents their folding position completely and in the zero position of the generator object of the present invention, while figure 2 draws the position of total deployment of the solar panels in horizontal position.

In these figures, a set of solar panels (1), arranged on a supporting structure (2) and a crosspiece (3) are distinguished first. The entire supporting structure (2) is supported by a bed (4) with rolling means (5) and hooking means (6) to a traction vehicle (not represented in the figures).

Underneath the bed (4) there is a stabilizing device and lifting means (7) that allow compensating for irregularities in the ground, leveling and prolonging the support base by means of arms (8) that reinforce the anti-tip system.

The batteries (9) and the electrical panel (10) with the electronic equipment for their proper operation are located on the bed (4) and below the supporting structure (2). These are in the shade at all times and therefore do not reach the maximum recommended temperatures, which will extend their useful life.

In Figures 3 to 9, it can be seen in detail, the solar tracker device (11) that uses the generator object of the invention, which consists of the crosshead (3), on which the solar panels (1) are attached to the structure by means of bolts that allow rotation in the lifting movement.

The spider (3) is supported on a vertical axis with bushing (12) that rotates by traction or thrust by means of a linear actuator (13), which affects the support arm of the spider (3) and is capable of causing the rotation of the spider around the axis of the hub (12); in this way, the Azimuth (East-West) movement of the solar panels (1) occurs.

Based on the geometry of the graph of the sun in Cartesian coordinates, represented in the form of an elliptical, the elliptical bearing guide (14) is designed, on which rests an articulated structure (15) that allows its mechanical adjustment and thus adapting the elevation to the path of the sun at a certain time of the year.

The entire rotating system of the generator rests by gravity on an inclined support structure (2) and this in turn on an elliptical support guide (14) which serves at the same time as curved guidance, whose geometry is based on the path of the sun to throughout the day (elevation). In other words, the entire set of solar panels (1) rests on a cylinder (16) that slides on the elliptical bearing guide (14) forcing the copying of the curvilinear path that is the one that the sun follows throughout the day.

The articulated structure (15), on the one hand, is connected in an articulated way by connecting rods to the solar tracking device (11) and, on the other, to the elliptical bearing guide (14), with certain positions according to certain times of the year, such as the summer and winter solstice as represented in Figures 7 and 8 respectively, or other intermediate positions that adapt to temporary conditions.

To achieve the relative displacement of the elliptical bearing guide (14) with respect to the solar tracker device (11), and therefore the hub (12) and its movement, a connecting rod actuator (32) is used that acts on the connecting rods of the articulated structure (15), modifying the relative position in height and inclination between the elliptical bearing guide (14) and the solar tracking device (11) and in this way favoring the adequate inclination of the solar panels to search for perpendicularity to the rays of the sun in its lifting motion.

In this way, the elliptical bearing guide (14) of the solar path is regulated in height, providing more or less inclination to the solar panels (1) depending on the time of year. In addition to this height adjustment, the solar tracker device (11) also has a distance adjustment which allows playing with the radii of the elliptical bearing guide (14), that is, it is possible to increase the distances to the axis of rotation in the hub (12) disproportionately and therefore have a greater turning radius at the ends than at the sides, with which the maximum elevation is achieved in the middle of the day without the values at the beginning of the day being substantially altered.

To facilitate the movement of the support structure (2) of the solar panels (1) along the path of the elliptical support guide (14), this support structure (2) has a panel support roller (16), which is in charge of resting and sliding against the elliptical bearing guide (14).

In figures 10 and 11, a representation of the position of the solar panels of the generator object of the present invention is shown, the first one in the position of not affected by the force of the wind and the second one in which the wind avoidance mechanisms it is acting as a consequence of the force of the wind.

This wind avoidance mechanism is based on the fact that the solar panels (1) are supported by an axis of rotation of the panels whose position is such that, in addition to having the center of gravity displaced, it distributes more surface area exactly on the side where it is locate the center of gravity.

In this way, the center of gravity is located at the bottom of the solar panels (1) in relation to the axis of rotation. Thus, when the wind blows from the rear, this lower part will normally receive more thrust as it has a greater surface, which will tend to lift the panels upwards by rotating around the axis of rotation of the mentioned solar panels (1), which is is located asymmetrically.

On the other hand, when the wind collides against the solar panels (1), which in no case will be totally vertical with the ground, there is a reflection of the wind, which when hitting the ground, another refraction in the opposite direction to Soil will tend to balance panels.

As the solar panels (1) are raised, the angle of attack of the wind is modified and therefore the value of the component resulting from the refraction will be reduced until the height of the elevation stabilizes. The elevation height is directly proportional to the wind speed and will decrease as the force of the wind decreases.

The reaction of the equipment and the elevation depend to a great extent on the deviation of the center of gravity with respect to the axis of rotation. Depending on the geographical area where the equipment is installed, there will be different wind conditions, so this equipment has the possibility of mounting the set of panels moving the center of gravity in the desired position, by placing the bolt ( 22, figure 17) for anchoring in the corresponding hole (23). Therefore, the axis of rotation consists of anchoring the bolt (22) in a hole (23) of the guide (21), which determines the position of the center of gravity of the solar panels (1). This mechanism for lifting the panels to avoid the wind means that the lifting system can be unlocked (height from the sun). For this reason, the equipment allows it to unlock (rise according to the force of the wind) and return to the point of origin when the wind decreases its intensity, recovering the panels to their optimal inclination.

When the force of the wind is such that the integrity of the installation is jeopardized, one of the holes (23) for positioning the bolt (22) of the guides (21) is such that it maintains the supporting structure (2) anchored with the solar panels (1) in a completely horizontal position, which prevents a greater affection to the generator object of the invention.

Figures 12 and 15 show a practical embodiment of the rolling system and stabilizers of the invention.

The entire supporting structure (2) rests on a bed (4) with rolling (5) and coupling (6) means for traction vehicles, so that the center of gravity of the entire assembly is located between the axis of rolling and the lance of the coupling means (6), so that the maximum load at the tip of the lance allows the equipment to be moved by hand. The height of the tread is the minimum possible to allow access to the upper part of the equipment without lifting means.

Stabilizers consisting of 4 arms (8) arranged diagonally on the lifting means (7) are placed under the bench (4) of the equipment support structure, means that materialize on a scissor table that moves vertically by means of a screw, which is capable of locating the support base below the level of the rolling means (5), and in such a way that the extended arms (8) reach a diameter of 6 m, coupling to the irregularities of the ground and raising the assembly enough so that the solar panels do not hit the ground in their working position.

Each of the arms (8) slides and picks up on an arm support (17) which in turn is anchored to the base of the scissor table of the lifting means (7) by means of a turning point (18) in the front and a tilt adjustment system of the arm support (17) in the rear by means of a thrust screw (19). By varying the inclination of the arm support (17) we make the adjustment of the support to the unevenness of the terrain.

Figures 16 to 27 show in sequence, together with Figures 1 and 2, the procedure for deploying the solar panels (1) of the generator object of the present invention, where it is highlighted:

- the interlocking point (20) of the transport position,

- displacement guides (21) with various housings (23)

- a horizontal rotation system (24),

- a bolt (22) that acts as an axis of rotation between the crosspiece (3) and the supporting structure (2) of the solar panels (1).

Likewise, the solar panels (1) have

- a fixing structure (34)

- a rod housing (35)

- a telescopic upper fixing bar (33).

- some telescopic lateral bars (36)

- sidebar housings (37),

- a hinged structure (25) consisting of

- a male half part (26) fixed to the side of the solar panel (1) with a hinge axis (27),

- a female half-part (28) with a U-piece (29) that fits with the hinge axis (27),

It starts from the position of total folding of the generator, as shown in figure 16, in which one of the sides has been omitted in order to facilitate the understanding of the procedure, firstly the interlocking point is released (20 ) from the transport position, the supporting structure (2) slides along the displacement guides (21) until reaching the 'zero' folding position, represented in figure 1, which coincides with the fixation and rotation point of the axis horizontal for the regulation of the inclination of the solar panels (1) in its adjustment of the distribution of the weight and arrangement of the center of gravity.

The interlocking is carried out through a horizontal rotation system (24), by means of a bolt (22) that acts as an axis of rotation between the crosspiece (3) and the supporting structure (2) of the solar panels (1). The modification of the center of gravity of the weight of the solar panels (1) is regulated according to the position of the bolt (22) for horizontal rotation of the solar panels with respect to the movement in the guide (21). This guide (21) has various housings (23) for the bolt (22), so that depending on the position of the bolt (22) in the housing (23) it occupies, the location of the axis of rotation will vary and therefore it will modify the center of gravity of the solar panels (1), all of this depending on the force of the predictable wind in the area.

The solar panels (1) have in their lower part a fixing structure (34), which is located in solidarity with the solar panel (1), and has a bar housing (35) that allows the passage of the upper fixing telescopic bar (33). This telescopic upper fixing bar (33) once lodged in the housing (35) of the fixing structure (34) is fixed by means of a pin that prevents its displacement. In this way, together with the hinge system, both solar panels (1) are stiffened and solidified, that is, the lower solar panel with its corresponding upper one are unified forming a single joint block.

On the other hand, the solar panels (1) also have lateral telescopic bars (36) on their lower part, which fit into their extension with the corresponding fixing structure, this time arranged perpendicular to these telescopic bars laterals (36) in the lateral bar housings (37) of their corresponding fixing structure.

Starting from the 'zero' position (figure 1), the deployment of the solar panels (1) begins, starting with the upper central panel (1.1) that rests on the central panel (1.2), which is folded down until it is positioned at 180 ° with respect to its downcast position. Once deployed, it is fixed by means of a telescopic upper fixing bar (33), which it is extracted or displaced from its rest position through the lower part of the central solar panel (1.2) until it reaches the bar housing (35) of the fixing structure (34) of the upper central solar panel (1.1) where it is housed and fixed through the corresponding pin.

Subsequently, the folded panels of both side panels (1.3 and 1.4) are raised from the original position and anchored so that they are arranged in a horizontal position. For this anchorage, the lateral telescopic bars (36) arranged by the lower part of the lateral solar panels are moved or removed until reaching the respective lateral bar housings (37) of the corresponding fixing structure (34).

Subsequently, from these side panels (1.3 and 1.4), separate upper side panels (1.5 and 1.6) are untied and anchored in the same way as the upper central solar panel (1.1), that is, the upper lateral solar panels (1.5, 1.6) They are fixed by means of telescopic upper fixing bars (33), which are removed or moved from their rest position through the lower part of the corresponding lateral solar panel (1.3, 1.4) until reaching the bar housing (35) of the structure. for fixing (34) the upper side solar panels (1.5, 1.6) where it is housed and fixed using the corresponding pin.

Next, from the side panels (1.3 and 1.4), the extreme solar panels (1.7 and 1.8) are laterally unpinned, which are fixedly anchored, instead of hinged like the previous ones. So, they are disengaged from their rest position and re-anchored to the same lateral solar panels (1.3 and 1.4 respectively) but in a horizontal operating position. From these extreme lateral solar panels (1.7 and 1.8), separate extreme upper lateral solar panels (1.9 and 1.10) are untied, all these solar panels also being anchored to form a single plane with the rest of the extended solar panels (1) (figure 2 ).

Once all the deployed solar panels are achieved, the horizontal rotation system (24) of the supporting structure (2) is blocked and by gravity the assembly will swing to its working position (Figures 10 and 11). Each of these solar panels (1) is supported by a hinged structure (25) consisting of a male half part (26) fixed to the side of the solar panel (1) with a hinge axis (27), which fits with a half part female (28) with a U-piece (29) that fits with the hinge axis (27), so that the solar plate (1) associated with the male half-part (26) rotates around the hinge axis (27) with in relation to the solar panel (1) associated with the female half part (28), allowing its abatement.

The female half part (28) has locking screws (30) that close the perimeter of rotation of the hinge shaft (27) and therefore prevent the hinge from slipping out of its working position. In the design of the female half part (28) it has been taken into account that the entire lever arm in the 180 ° working position rests on part of the folded structure and there is only contact with the locking screws (30) in the position 0 ° rest. Once all the solar panels (1) and the sun-facing generator have been deployed, the solar panels begin to produce electrical energy that they store in the batteries (9) placed on the bench (4), and from here, governed by the panel (10), connects to the electrical network to which it supplies.

The position of the connecting rod actuator (32) will be fixed, in relation to the articulated structure (15), in that position that corresponds to the season and time of year, in order to provide the supporting structure (2) and the solar panels (1) the appropriate inclination to the elevation required for the maximum perpendicularity of the solar rays on the panels (1).

Likewise, the bolt (22) is fixed in the hole (23) of the guide (21) corresponding to the foreseeable wind force conditions in the area, so that when the surface of the solar panels (1) is balanced until its working position, the center of gravity of the weight of this whole set makes it easier to avoid the wind, as previously described.

Depending on the time of year, the team's programming places the solar panels (1) in their 'East' position perpendicular to the sun's rays first and first, with the appropriate elevation for it. As the day passes, the linear actuator (13) connected to the supporting structure (2) by an eccentric point (31), that is, it does not coincide with the connection of the hub (12) with the supporting structure (2) , so that a moment is generated that causes the structure to rotate around the connection with the hub (12).

During this push of the linear actuator (13), according to the established programming, the entire weight of the supporting structure (2) is moved with the solar panels (1), on the panel support roller (16) following the elliptical supporting guide. (14), varying the inclination of the supporting structure (2) with the solar panels (1) and therefore the 'elevation' in relation to the position of the sun at all times, reaching its point of maximum inclination towards noon solar, since the distance at this time between the support point of the panel support roller (16) and the elliptical support guide (14) is the longest of the route.

Claims (24)

1 . - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator, characterized by comprising: - a set of solar panels (1), arranged on a supporting structure (2) and a crosspiece (3), where the entire supporting structure (2) is supported by a bench (4) with rolling means (5) and hooking means (6) to a traction vehicle, - a stabilizing device and lifting means (7), located below the bed (4) - some batteries (9) and an electrical panel (10) with the electronic equipment for their proper operation, located under the cover of the solar panels (1) on the bench (4) and below the supporting structure (2), - a two axis solar tracking system: Azimuth axis comprising: ^or a bushing (12) with the shaft placed in a vertical position, on which the supporting structure (2) rests with the crosshead (3) of the solar panels (1), and rotates by traction or thrust by means of ^or a linear actuator ( 13), governed by a detector of the position of the sun, linear actuator (13) that impinges on an eccentric point (31) of the support arm of the crosshead (3), and on the other hand, and a lifting axis comprising: ^or an elliptical bearing guide (14), with ^or an articulated structure (15), which is articulately connected to ^or a solar tracking device (11) and the elliptical support guide (14), - wind dodging device, comprising: ^or an axis of rotation of the horizontal rotation system (24) of the solar panels (1) with its center of gravity displaced asymmetrically, so that it distributes more surface on the side where the center of gravity is located, - rolling system with stabilizers, comprising: ^or stabilizers consisting of arms (8) arranged diagonally on the lifting means (7), and placed underneath the bed (4) of the equipment support structure, - Abatement and deployment system of solar panels, comprising: ^or an interlocking point (20) of the transport position, ^or some displacement guides (21) with various housings (23), ^or a horizontal rotation system (24), ^or a bolt (22) that acts as an axis of rotation between the crosshead (3) and the supporting structure (2) of the solar panels (1), where additionally the solar panels (1) have - a fixing structure (34), - a bar housing (35), - a telescopic upper fixing bar (33), - lateral telescopic bars (36), - sidebar housings (37), - a hinged structure (25), 2. - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the first claim, characterized in that the supporting structure (2) is executed by means of a structural tube with a pivot axis on the hub (12) and reinforced with plates for fixing plates by bolts, allowing rotation in lifting motion. 3 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to previous claims, characterized in that the elliptical bearing guide (14) has a geometry based on the geometry of the path of the sun throughout the day, whose Cartesian coordinates are: abscissa - Azimuth and ordered -Elevation. 4 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to previous claims, characterized in that the radius of the elliptical bearing guide (14) is greater in the East-West orientation, causing the supporting structure (2) of the solar panels (1) to lose inclination when approaching the axis of rotation orienting them towards verticality. 5 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to previous claims, characterized by comprising a connecting rod actuator (32) of the articulated structure (15), which modifies the relative position in height and inclination between the elliptical bearing guide (14) and the device solar tracking (11). 6 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to previous claims, characterized in that the solar tracker device (11) also has a remote adjustment, favoring the increase of the distance to the axis of rotation in the hub (12) disproportionately and therefore have a greater radius of rotation at the ends than at the sides. 7.- Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to previous claims, characterized in that the supporting structure (2) has a panel support roller (16), which is responsible for resting and sliding on the elliptical supporting guide (14). promoting the movement of the supporting structure (2) of the solar panels (1) along the path of the elliptical supporting guide (14). 8 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to previous claims, characterized in that the center of gravity of the solar panels (1) is located in the lower part of these solar panels (1) in relation to the axis of rotation. 9 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the first claim, characterized in that the horizontal rotation system (24) favors the interlocking of the solar panels (1), by means of a bolt (22) that acts as an axis of rotation between the crosshead ( 3) and the supporting structure (2) of the solar panels (1). 10 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the previous claim, characterized in that the axis of rotation consists of anchoring the bolt (22) in a hole (23) of the guide (21), which determines the position of the center of gravity of the solar panels (1). 11- Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the previous claim, characterized in that one of the holes (23) for positioning the bolt (22) of the guides (21) is such that it maintains the supporting structure (2) anchored with the solar panels (1) in a completely horizontal position, 12 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the first claim, characterized in that the lifting means (7) are a vertically moving scissor table, 13 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the previous claim, characterized in that the scissor table is moved vertically by means of a screw, 14 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the first claim, characterized in that the arms (8) are telescopic, 15 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the previous claim, characterized in that the telescopic arms (8) are 4. 16 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the previous claim, characterized in that the arms (8) slide and collect on an arm support (17) anchored to the base of the scissor table of the lifting means (7). 17 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the previous claim, characterized in that the arm support (17) is anchored to the base of the scissor table of the lifting means (7) by means of a turning point (18) on the front and a system of inclination adjustment of the arm support (17) in the rear by means of a thrust screw (19). 18 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the first claim, characterized in that the hinged structure (25) consists of - a male half part (26) fixed to the side of the solar panel (1) with a hinge axis (27), which fits with a - female half part (28) with a U-piece (29) that fits with the hinge axis (27), so that the solar panel (1) associated with the male half part (26) rotates around the hinge axis (27 ) in relation to the solar panel (1) associated with the female half part (28), allowing its abatement. 19 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to previous claims, characterized in that the number of solar panels (1) is 10. 20 - Autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator , according to the previous claim, characterized in that the solar panels (1) are arranged as follows: - upper central solar panel (1.1), - central solar panel (1.2), - 2 side solar panels (1.3 and 1.4), - 2 upper side solar panels (1.5 and 1.6), - 2 extreme solar panels (1.7 and 1.8) and - 2 extreme upper side solar panels (1.9 and 1.10). 21. - Procedure for unfolding / folding the solar panels of an autonomous mobile photovoltaic energy generator, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the procedure for unfolding the solar panels (1) is as follows: - the locking point (20) is released from the transport position, - the supporting structure (2) slides along the displacement guides (21) until reaching the 'zero' folding position, represented in figure 1, which coincides with the fixing point and rotation of the horizontal axis for the regulation of the inclination of the solar panels (1) in their adjustment of the distribution of the weight and arrangement of the center of gravity. - the interlocking is carried out through a horizontal rotation system (24), by means of a bolt (22) that acts as an axis of rotation between the crosspiece (3) and the supporting structure (2) of the solar panels (1). - the deployment of the solar panels (1) begins with an upper central panel (1.1) that rests on a central panel (1.2), folding down until it is positioned 180 ° from its folded position, - the upper central solar panel is fixed ( 1.1), - Later, folded panels of both side panels (1.3 and 1.4) are raised from the original position and anchored so that they are arranged in a horizontal position, - later, from the side panels (1.3 and 1.4), each upper side panel (1.5 and 1.6) is untied to the horizontal and anchored, - then from the side panels (1.3 and 1.4) the extreme solar panels (1.7 and 1.8) are laterally unlatched from their rest position, which are fixedly anchored and re-anchored to the same lateral solar panels (1.3 and 1.4 respectively) in a horizontal operating position, - from these extreme lateral solar panels (1.7 and 1.8) two extreme upper lateral solar panels (1.9 and 1.10) are untied, all these solar panels also being anchored to form a single plane with the rest of the extended solar panels (1), - once all the solar panels (1) are unfolded, the horizontal rotation system (24) of the supporting structure (2) is blocked and by gravity the assembly will swing to its working position, and where the folding procedure It is done by practicing the same operations in reverse. 22. - Unfolding / folding procedure, according to the previous claim, characterized in that the upper central solar panel (1.1) is fixed by means of a telescopic upper fixing bar (33), which is extracted or displaced from its rest position by the upper part. lower part of the central solar panel (1.2) until reaching the bar housing (35) of the fixing structure (34) of the upper central solar panel (1.1) where it is housed and fixed by means of the corresponding pin. 23. - Deployment / folding procedure, according to previous claims, characterized in that for the anchorage of the side panels (1.3 and 1.4) the lateral telescopic bars (36) arranged or disposed by the lower part of the lateral solar panels (1.3) are moved or removed. , 1.4) until reaching the respective lateral bar housings (37) of the corresponding fixing structure. 24. - Deployment / folding procedure, according to previous claims, characterized in that the upper lateral solar panels (1.5, 1.6) are anchored by means of upper fixing telescopic bars (33), which are removed or moved from their rest position by the lower part of the corresponding lateral solar panel (1.3, 1.4) until reaching the bar housing (35) of the fixing structure (34) of the upper lateral solar panels (1.5, 1.6) where it is housed and fixed by means of the corresponding pin .