ES2737450B2 - Rainwater tank - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

Rainwater tank

The invention relates to a water reserve system, in particular to a rainwater reserve tank.

Homes and other buildings are increasingly equipped with water tanks to store rainwater. In case of insufficient water use, the water tanks remain almost full of water, so in case of heavy rain, they do not provide a solution against too strong a flow of water towards the water courses.

To solve stormwater problems, there is a known system that combines plastic modules with the help of a porous textile material. Building such a system requires underground work to achieve sufficient soil stability. Also, a top layer would be necessary to be able to pass over it.

Water tanks can also be used as drainage systems as described, for example, in WO95 / 16833. In the drainage system according to this document, perforated walls and porous fabric are used to define a storage volume, with the water flowing through the walls and through the porous fabric to allow water to infiltrate the underground soil.

Such a system requires preliminary work to ensure that there is a porous layer around the walls with the porous textile material. Furthermore, in the case of wet soils, such systems are totally inefficient, since the groundwater will flow through the porous side walls of the tank, limiting the space to collect rainwater.

The use of porous concrete layers for driveways, roads and parking lots is known. Porous concrete has a very high permeability and is intended to transport water to an underground layer of the soil. As soon as this layer is wet, the efficiency of the porous concrete is reduced.

Patent document DE9412053U1 describes a water tank that is equipped with a filter element and a discharge opening at a level above the filter element. The filter element therefore does not act as a means to control the drainage of rainwater.

Patent document US2012 / 0111428 describes a HDPE water tank for collecting rainwater, where the water tank is equipped with a filter structure with a filter sheet to collect solids with a size from 20 pm. Such a filter does not function as a means of controlling rainwater drainage.

Patent document DE10231241 describes a filter element made of porous concrete. Water flows from bottom to top through porous concrete. Furthermore, as soon as there is too much rainwater, solid particles are deposited on the horizontal filter element, making it impossible to control the evacuation of rainwater.

Patent document DE4338085 describes a filter installation with horizontal filter elements for filtering rainwater. Such a facility does not function as a means of controlling the drainage of rainwater from the tank.

None of these known systems provide efficient solutions to control the flow of rainwater to streams or rivers, during and after a period of rain, for example, in case the soil is too wet.

The invention relates to a water reservoir system for storing rainwater / water. With the reserve system according to the invention, it is no longer necessary to apply a porous layer of soil around the water tank. The drainage of rainwater does not depend on the layer of soil in which the water tank is located. By effectively controlling the discharge of rainwater by means of one or more of the reserve systems according to the invention, it is possible to control the flow of water flowing to rivers, canals, channels, floodplains, etc. The water reserve systems according to the invention can also be used as a means to regulate the water level in canals, ditches, rivers, etc.

For example, according to the invention, water reservoir systems can be used in conjunction with (and / or as part of) breakwaters, dams, towpaths and inspection routes of canals, ditches, channels, rivers, etc., to regulate water levels, at least partially.

If necessary, the porous concrete interior vertical wall can be easily cleaned.

The reservoir system according to the invention contains at least one water tank (T) for collecting and (at least temporarily) storing rainwater / water and for controlled drainage of water. The water tank of the reserve system, according to the invention, includes at least:

- one or more exterior walls (1) made of non-porous concrete and defining an interior volume (2), part of which serves as a rainwater / water storage chamber (3) with a storage volume for water of rain / water;

- an inlet (4) through which rainwater / water can flow into the storage chamber (3);

- an outlet (5) for draining rainwater / water from the water tank (T);

- a cover (6) with a sewer (7); and

- a control system (5, 8) to control the flow of rainwater / water from the water tank (T).

According to the invention, the control system (5, 8) consists of at least one or more interior vertical walls (8) of porous concrete that extend into the interior volume (2) of the water tank (T), and this or these divide the interior volume, at least into a storage chamber (3) for rainwater / water and a reserve space (9) with a reserve volume to collect water that flows through the interior wall or walls (8) of porous concrete.

The reserve space (9) is provided with an outlet (5) for the drainage of rainwater / water, while the internal vertical wall or walls (8) of porous concrete is / are made of a hardened concrete water drainage system, which is manufactured by hardening a mixture of cement, aggregates with particle sizes of 6 mm to 14 mm included and water, to obtain an open pore volume of 8 to 12 percent included in the hardened porous water drainage concrete, whereby the hardened porous water drainage concrete has a water permeability of 0.05 l / m2 / s to 5 l / m2 / s inclusive, where the water permeability is measured with a storage chamber almost full of water (3) and an empty reserve space (9).

The details and characteristics of advantageous embodiments of the reserve system, according to the invention, or of the water tank of the reserve system, according to the invention, are one or more of the following:

- the water tank (T) has a height of less than 3 m, preferably between 1 and 2.5 m.

- in its first embodiment (figure 1), the total water discharge capacity varied linearly with the available water level between 0% and 100%.

- In another embodiment, the total water discharge capacity of the internal vertical porous concrete walls measured with the water level in the middle of the storage chamber (3) and an empty reserve space (9), is between 80% and 100% of said measurement with a storage chamber (3) almost full of water and a reserve space (9) substantially empty;

- the hardened porous water drainage concrete has one or more zones with greater water permeability compared to the average water permeability of the hardened porous water drainage concrete, in which case said zone or zones (10) are located at a height (h) from the bottom (3B) of the storage chamber (3) which is less than 50 cm, and preferably less than 30 cm. In this way, the drainage of rainwater can be better controlled.

At normal rainfall intensities, the water flowing into the water tank is discharged into the channel with a small delay. In that case, the storage chamber is only partially used. In the event of heavy rainfall, the storage chamber and reserve space are almost full. The flow of water discharged to the channel is almost limited by the outlet conduit (5). The storage chamber functions as the first means to regulate the flow of rainwater to the channel, ditch, canal, river, etc. As soon as the storage chamber is full, the reserve space acts as a storage chamber and an additional reserve for rainwater.

- the ratio of storage volumes (3) / reserve (9) of the water tank (T) is between 5 and 20;

- the internal vertical wall or walls (8) of porous concrete of the water tank (T) define or define a porous surface directed towards the storage chamber (3), where the storage volume (3) in m3 / the porous surface in m2 it is between 0.5 and 1.5;

- the outlet (5) for draining rainwater has a conduit that is suitable for limiting the flow of water through the outlet (5) between 1 and 20 l / s, and preferably to a maximum of 5 l / s (this outlet may be equipped with a valve or a valve mechanism to limit the flow of water, for example, to 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 10 l / s);

- The reserve system has an outlet (5) for draining rainwater, where whenever the water level in the storage space (3) is below a maximum water level, the outlet (5) is equipped with a system of ducts that is suitable to limit the discharge of water through said outlet (5) between 1 and 20 l / s, and preferably to a maximum of 5 l / s. The duct system contains a porous concrete element with an inner chamber connected to the outlet (5) by means of a pipe system. The porous concrete element is made, at least partially, of a water-draining hardened porous concrete that is manufactured by hardening a mixture of at least cement, aggregates with particle size from 6mm to 14mm and water, to obtain an open pore volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened porous water drainage concrete;

- The water tank is equipped with an internal wall of almost vertical porous concrete, which divides the internal volume of the water tank into a storage chamber (3) and a reserve space (9). The reserve space (9) of the water tank (T) is connected by means of a connection pipe to a reserve tank (BT), so that the connection pipe is located at a level above the bottom from the reserve space (9) and above the lower part of the reserve tank (BT). The reserve tank is provided with an outlet (50) located on the lower part of the reserve tank (BT), where the outlet (50) is provided with, or connected to a system of conduits that is suitable to limit the discharge of water through the outlet (50) between 1 and 20 l / s, and preferably at a maximum of 5 l / s, where the duct system contains a porous concrete element with an inner chamber that is connected to the outlet (50) by means of a pipe system, and where the porous concrete element is made, at least partially, of a hardened porous concrete drainage of water made by hardening a mixture of aggregate cement with particle sizes from 6mm to 14mm and water, to obtain an open pore volume of 8-12% in the hardened porous water drainage concrete. The duct system is preferably located in the reserve tank (BT).

- The porous concrete element rests on the lower part of the reserve space (9) or the reserve tank (BT), where the porous concrete element contains one or more porous walls, as well as a porous upper side and where, preferably , the pipe system is equipped with an overflow system to drain water as soon as the water level in the reserve space or in the reserve tank exceeds a higher level.

- the water tank or the water tank of the reserve system has at least two independent overflows (3A, 9A), a first overflow (3A) for the storage chamber (3) to drain rainwater when the Water level in the storage chamber (3) exceeds the level (H3A) of said first overflow (3A), and a second overflow (9A) for the reserve space (9) to drain rainwater when the water level in the reserve space (9) it exceeds the level (H9A) of said second overflow (9A);

- the first overflow (3A) is, at least partially, at a level (H3A) below the lowest level (H9A) of the second overflow (9A). These two overflows can drain water into the same drainage pipe into a channel or river;

- the first overflow (3A) has a transfer area that exceeds the overflow area of the second overflow (9A);

- the interior vertical wall or walls (8) of porous concrete has or has an upper side (8B) at a level (H8B) higher than the lower edge of the first overflow (3A) and the lower edge of the second overflow (9A). This serves to prevent water from flowing over the top of the inner wall;

- at least one interior vertical wall (8) of porous concrete is movable and / or removable with respect to the water tank, so that a lower edge (8X) of the interior wall can rest on the bottom of the tank (T ) of water. This is practical for assembly and / or maintenance work;

- the water tank is equipped with a removable cover with sewer;

- the water tank is provided with at least two independent reserve areas, specifically at least one first reserve space (90) located along the bottom of a storage chamber (3), with whereby said first reserve space (90) collects water from the storage chamber (3) by means of a wall (80) of porous concrete, at least partially horizontal, and at least one second reserve space (9) that works together with an almost vertical porous concrete wall (8) to collect water from the storage chamber (3), and with the characteristic that the first reserve space (90) and the second reserve space (9) are connected by a tube or pipe (100), which is preferably located along the bottom of the water tank;

- the first reserve space (90) and the second reserve space (9) are connected by means of a tube or pipe (100) to an upper edge (100A) inclined with respect to a horizontal plane, whereby said edge upper (100A) rises in the direction of the second reserve space (9);

- the water tank (T) will have at least two independent storage spaces (3, 30), the two independent storage spaces (3, 30) being connected by means of an overflow pipe (31) provided to transport water from a first storage chamber (3) to a second storage chamber (30), once the first storage chamber (3) is substantially full of water, the second storage chamber (30) having an overflow (3A) at a level below the overflow pipe (31);

- the inlet opening (4) is equipped with a system, so that if the rainwater flowing into the tank through the inlet opening (4) is less than a certain flow, the system is designed to discharge by least part of the rainwater flow directly to the reserve space;

- combinations of two or more of these details and characteristics.

The invention also refers to the use of one or more reserve systems according to the invention, to regulate water flows and / or water levels in channels and / or rivers and / or canals and / or flooded areas by regulating discharge flows. from rainwater originating from rooftops, driveways and highway systems and / or water originating from a canal, channel, ditch or river, where rainwater and / or water flows into storage spaces of one or more reserve systems of the invention, and where rainwater and / or water flows through porous vertical concrete walls of the water tank or tanks to their reserve areas before being discharged into channels and / or rivers and / or canals and / or floodplains.

Specific embodiments according to the invention will be described below as practical examples according to the invention. The description refers to the accompanying drawings.

These drawings show:

- figure 1 is a top view of a first embodiment of a reserve system (water tank T), according to the invention,

figure 2 is a view of the water tank of figure 1, in cross section along the line II-II,

- figure 3 is a top view of another embodiment of a water tank, according to the invention,

Figures 4 to 6 are cross-sectional views of the water tank of Figure 3, respectively along lines IV-IV, V-V and VI-VI,

figure 7 is a view of a detail of the water tank of figure 3,

Figures 8A and 8B are views of a detail of an inlet opening for a water tank, according to the invention,

- figure 9 is a view of two water tanks connected by means of pipes, figure 10 is a view, in vertical section, of another embodiment according to the invention,

figure 11 is a view, in cross section, along the line XI-XI of figure 10,

figure 12 is a top view of another embodiment, which is the same as the embodiment of figure 3,

figure 13 is a cross-sectional view along the line XMI-XIM of figure 12,

figure 14 is a view of a part of an inspection path along a canal or ditch, with a series of water tanks, according to the invention,

figure 15 is a top view of yet another embodiment,

figure 16 is a view, in cross section, along the line XVI-XVI of figure 15,

figure 17 is a top view of a further embodiment of a reservation system, according to the invention,

figure 18 is a view, in cross section, along the line XVIII-XVIN of figure 17,

figure 19 is a top view of another additional embodiment of a reservation system, according to the invention,

figure 20 is a sectional view, along the line XX-XX of figure 19, and

figure 21 is a view, in cross section, of yet another further embodiment.

Figure 1 shows a water tank (T) for collecting and storing rainwater. The water tank features:

- one or more external walls (1) made of non-porous concrete and defining a basin with an internal volume (2), part of which serves as a storage chamber (3) with a storage volume for rainwater;

- an inlet (4) through which rainwater can flow into the storage chamber (3);

- an outlet (5) for draining rainwater from the water tank (T);

- a cover (6) with a sewer (7); and

- a control system (5, 8) to control the flow of rainwater from the water tank (T).

The control system (5, 8) consists of one or more vertical interior walls (8) of porous concrete that extend into the interior volume (2) of the water tank (T), to divide this interior volume, at least , in a storage chamber (3) for rainwater and a reserve space (9) with a reserve volume to collect water that flows through the interior vertical wall or walls (8) of porous concrete.

The reserve space (9) is provided with the outlet (5) for draining rainwater. The outlet opening is located at the bottom of the tank (T).

The inner wall (8) of porous concrete is made of special drainage concrete to obtain an adapted water permeability. Drainage concrete has a minimum water permeability of 0.05 l / m2 / s and a maximum water permeability of 0.1 l / m2 / s at 5 l / m2 / s.

The permeability of the vertical porous inner wall was measured with a storage chamber (3) which was almost full of water, the reserve space being almost empty. For this measurement a pump was used, for example, to keep the reserve space almost empty.

It is also possible to determine the maximum water permeability of drainage concrete by fabricating a porous concrete slab that serves as the bottom of the test tank. The test tank (with a height equal to the height of the tank) will be filled to then with water, and the water flow will be measured for the water flowing through the porous bottom.

Drainage concrete is preferably made by hardening a mixture of at least cement, aggregates and water, to obtain a total open pore volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened concrete. For concrete, it is preferable to use aggregates with a particle size of 6mm to 14mm. Preferably, the drainage concrete granules will contain 15% by weight of granules with a particle size greater than 8mm, while the water / cement weight ratio is less than 0.5, ideally between 0.35 and 0, 42.

The unhardened concrete mix (without water) contains less than 30% by weight of aggregates, better between 25 and 27% by weight, with a size smaller than 4 mm. The concrete mix can also contain one or more additives.

The unhardened concrete mix (without water) can contain up to 15% by weight of sand, with a size smaller than 4 mm, for example, with a size of 2 to 4 mm. The sand is preferably round-grained, for example river sand. Examples of sand content are 2; 5; 8; 10; 12% by weight.

To further control the permeability of the concrete, one or more additives can be added to the unhardened concrete mix, such as aqueous polymer dispersions, in particular aqueous polymer / acrylic / methacrylate dispersion, such as an aqueous ester dispersion. acrylic acid-vinyl ester. For example, 10 to 30% by weight of polymer dispersion can be added to concrete, so that the percentage by weight is measured relative to the weight of the cement.

The water tank has a height (H) of less than 3 m, such as 2 to 2.5 m.

The height of the tank is preferably greater than 1 m.

In its first embodiment (figure 1), the total water discharge capacity varies linearly with the existing water level between 0% and 100%.

In another embodiment, the total water discharge capacity is measured at the water level of the middle of the storage chamber, and preferably at a water level of 0.3 m, equal to between 80 and 100%, preferably between 90 and 100% of these measurements, with a storage chamber almost completely filled with water (3).

This property provides better control over the water flowing through the porous wall.

In the embodiment of Figure 3, porous concrete has several zones (10) with higher permeability to water compared to the average water permeability of porous concrete. These zones (10) are located close to the ground, for example at a height (h) from the ground (3B) of the storage chamber (3) that is less than 50 cm, and preferably less than 30 cm.

These zones (10) can be created using larger aggregates. These zones can also form an interlayer in the porous wall, where the interlayer is at a height between 20 and 50 cm with respect to the bottom (3B).

The ratio of storage volume (3) / reserve ratio (9) is greater than or equal to 2, preferably greater than 5, preferably between 5 and 20.

The inner wall (8) of porous concrete defines a porous surface that is directed towards the storage chamber (3), where the ratio of the storage volume (3) in m3 / the porous surface in m2 is between 0.5 and 1 .5 (such as between 0.7 and 1.25, preferably 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1, 1.1 and 1.2). This ratio allows a good control of the maximum flow rate of water that flows through the porous wall, and a sufficient storage volume for rainwater.

The outlet (5) for draining rainwater has a conduit that is suitable to limit the flow of water through said outlet (5) between 1 and 20 l / s, and preferably to a maximum of 5 l / s .

The water tank has at least two independent overflows (3A, 9A), a first overflow (3A) for the storage chamber (3) to drain rainwater from the storage chamber as regards the water level in the chamber (3) storage exceeds the level (H3A) of said first overflow (3A), and a second overflow (9A) for the reserve space (9) to drain rainwater from the storage space. reserve as soon as the level of water in the reserve space (9) exceeds the level (H9A) of said second overflow (9A).

Through these overflows 3A, 9A (see figure 9) two water tanks T, T1 can be connected to each other by means of pipes 20, 21, according to the invention. For example, tank T1 is located at a lower level than tank T, allowing water to flow freely from tank T to tank T1. The overflow opening 3A of the tank T is connected to the inlet opening 4 of the tank T1 by means of the pipe 20. As soon as the storage chamber 3 of the tank T is filled, the water flows from said storage chamber 3 to the storage chamber 3 bis of tank T1.

The overflow 9A of the reserve space 9 of the tank T connects with an inlet 40 by means of a pipe 21. In case the reserve space 9 of the tank T is almost full, the water flows from the reserve space of the tank T to the T1 tank reserve space 9. The water is discharged from the reserve chambers 9 of the tanks T and T1 to the channel S through pipes 22.

The first overflow (3A) is at least partially at a level (H3A) above the lowest level (H9A) of the second overflow (9A).

The first overflow (3A) has a transfer area greater than the transfer area of the second overflow (9A).

With these overflows 3A, 9A, the water level in the reserve space 9 is always lower than the water level in the storage chamber 3, even in case of storm rain.

The inner wall (8) of porous concrete has an upper side (8B) which is at a level (H8B) greater than the lower edge of the first overflow (3A) and the lower edge of the second overflow (9A). This is advantageous to prevent water from flowing over the inner wall of the storage chamber into the reserve space 9.

In the shown embodiment of figure 1, the detachable cover 6 is mounted on the pile 1. In this case, it is also advantageous to install the inner wall 8 of porous concrete on the pile, which can be removed. The bottom edge 8X of wall 8 rests on the bottom of the stack, possibly with a rubber spacer.

Through sewer 7 you can see (3, 9) the water level in both spaces. Maintenance work can also be carried out through the sewer in the pile.

In the implementation of figure 3, the water tank includes three or more independent reserve areas (9, 90, 91), specifically (a) at least a first and a second reserve areas (90, 91) located along the bottom of a storage chamber (3), where said first and second reserve areas (90, 91) collect water from the storage spaces (3, 30) by means of at least one partially horizontal porous concrete wall (80, 81), and (b) at least a third central reserve space (9) that works together with two almost vertical porous concrete walls (8, 8 bis) to collect water from the storage spaces (3, 30).

The position of the porous walls 80 and 81 along the bottom of the tank can be maintained using fasteners (bars 111).

The first and second reserve areas are connected to the third reserve space (9) by pipes (100), which are located along the bottom of the water tank. These pipes (100) have a slope in relation to a horizontal plane, which causes the upper edge (100A) of these pipes to rise in the direction of the third reserve space (9). In this way, it is possible to prevent air or gas from remaining in the reserve areas 90 and 91, which can be detrimental to the passage of water.

The two independent storage areas (3, 30) are connected by means of an overflow pipe (31). This tube 31 is intended to drain water from the first storage chamber (3) to the second storage chamber (30) as soon as the first storage chamber (3) is almost full of water, the second chamber (30) having storing an overflow (3A) at a level below the overflow pipe (31).

In a possible embodiment, the inlet opening (4) can be equipped with a control system (400), in such a way that if the rainwater flowing to the tank T is less than a certain flow, the system (400) is designed so that it can discharge at least part of the rainwater flow directly into space 9 of reservation. With such a system, for short and non-stormy periods of rain, the rainwater can be partially discharged to a storage chamber (3) and partially to the reserve space.

Said system is shown in Figures 8A and 8B. The rainwater W flows into a chamber (401) which is equipped with an open inner container (402) to collect at least part of the rainwater. The bottom of this container is equipped with a hole (402A). Inside this container, a float (403) with a surface (403A) that acts as a valve system moves. The inner container (402) is connected to an inlet opening (40) of the reserve space (9), by means of a pipe (41).

For small water flows W, the water flows into the container 402. Since the flow rate is not sufficient, the float 403 remains in a lower position, such that part of the rain flows directly into the reserve space (9), while that another part flows into the storage chamber (3) through the opening (402A). (See figure 8A).

In case of storm rain, the water level in the inner container rises, such that the float (403) is in the closed position, to seal the inlet of the pipe 41. In this closed position, almost all the rain flows to the tank storage chamber T.

In figure 10 another embodiment of a water tank is shown, according to the invention.

Tank T contains a concrete pile (waterproof) with an overflow (5) at the bottom. In the lower part, the tank is equipped with one or more support elements (1C) for a plate (80) made of porous concrete. The circular plate (80) is supported by elements (1C). On the plate (80) there is a cylindrical pipe (82) made of porous concrete.

The plate (80) may be equipped with a hole (80G) for connecting spare areas (9, 90) together. If the plate (80) is not provided with the hole (80G), the reserve areas are connected by means of the open holes of the plate (80).

The cylindrical pipe (82) can preferably be placed in the tank by means of the sewer (7). Correct positioning of the pipe can be achieved by of intermediate elements (110) located between the upper edge of the pipe (82) and the lower surface of the cover.

Figures 12 and 13 are views of an embodiment that is the same as the embodiment of Figures 3 to 6, except for a few adjustments.

The stack and / or the vertical porous walls (8, 8 bis) are equipped with support elements (1C) for porous plates (80, 81). The position of the plates on the support elements (1C) has been maintained using clamping elements (111), for example partially mounted on a wall of the stack.

Figure 14 is a view of a ditch or canal (200), with a dam (201) and two inspection roads (202, 203). Along the inspection path (203), several water tanks have been placed according to the invention. The water tank (1) is connected to the channel (200) by means of the pipe (204). The storage areas of the water tanks (1, 1 bis, 1 ter, etc.) should be connected so that the water can be discharged from the tank storage chamber (1) to the tank storage chamber ( 1 bis), provided that the water level in the storage chamber (3) of the tank (1) exceeds a certain level.

The outlets (5) of all the tanks (1, 1 bis, etc.) are connected to an outlet pipe (205) to drain water back to the canal, after the dam (201).

The water tanks according to the invention can therefore be used to regulate the water level in the channel. As soon as the water level exceeds a maximum level, the water tanks (1, 1a, etc.) can collect water from the canal, and this is discharged back to the canal with a delay, which offers a solution for water of storm (with heavy rain in a short period of time).

Since the water tanks can be located under the inspection roads, the installation of such tanks can be carried out with the installation of the inspection roads.

Figures 15 to 21 are views of other embodiments of reservation systems, according to the invention.

In the embodiment presented in Figures 15 and 16, the reserve system contains a rectangular tank T with a vertical inner wall (8) of porous concrete, which divides the inner volume of the tank into a storage chamber (3) and a space reserve or chamber (9).

The tank T also has an inlet (4) at a higher level than the upper level of the inner wall (8) whereby, in the event of storm water, the water can flow directly to the reserve space (9). The storm water can then be discharged via an overflow pipe (51), which is connected to the outlet opening (5).

The outlet opening (5) is connected to a porous concrete element (85) by means of a horizontal pipe (86) (located at a distance from the bottom of the reserve chamber). The porous concrete element (85) defines an interior chamber (87) (to collect water through the porous walls of the element (85)) connected to the outlet (5) by means of a system (86) of pipes. The porous concrete element is made, at least partially, of a water-draining hardened porous concrete that is manufactured by hardening a mixture of at least cement, aggregates with particle size from 6mm to 14mm and water, to obtain an open pore volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened porous water drainage concrete;

The open inner chamber (87) is connected to the overflow pipe.

The embodiment of Figures 17 and 18 is similar to the embodiment of Figures 15 and 16. The reserve system of Figures 17 and 18 contains a water tank (T), the reserve space of which is connected to a reserve tank (BT) by means of a connection pipe (55). The connecting pipe (55) is at a level above the bottom of the reserve space (9) of the tank T and the bottom of the reserve tank (BT).

The reserve tank will be equipped with an outlet (50) located on the lower part of the reserve tank, where the outlet (50) is connected to a suitable conduit system to limit the discharge of water through said outlet (50) at between 1 and 20 l / s, and preferably at a maximum of 5 l / s. The duct system contains a porous concrete element (85) with an inner chamber (87) which is connected to the outlet (50) by means of a system (86) of pipes. The porous concrete element is made, at least partially, of a hardened porous concrete drainage of water that is manufactured by hardening a mixture of at least cement, aggregates with particle size from 6 mm to 14 mm and water, to obtain an open pore volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened porous water drainage concrete ;

The porous concrete element rests on the lower part of the reserve space (9 bis) or the reserve tank (BT), where the porous concrete element (85) contains one or more porous walls, as well as a porous upper part, and where, preferably, the pipe system (86) is equipped with an overflow system (pipe 51) to drain water as soon as the water level in the reserve space (9) or in the reserve tank (BT) exceeds a higher level (for example, the level of the inner wall (8)).

The reserve system of Figures 19 and 20 is similar to the reserve system of Figures 17 and 18, except that the pipe (51) is connected to the inner chamber (87) of the porous element (85).

Figure 21 shows a reserve system with several tanks T1, T2, etc., to collect rainwater, which are connected to each other. These tanks are therefore connected to a reserve system, according to the invention, to control the drainage of water. (Water tank (T) with porous vertical inner wall (8) and reserve tank (BT) with element (85)).

Claims (6)

1. Reserve system for rainwater / water, containing at least one water tank (T) to collect rainwater / water, where the water tank (T) with a lower part contains, at least: - one or more exterior walls (1) made of non-porous concrete and defining an interior volume (2), part of which serves as storage (3) with a storage volume for rainwater / water; - an inlet (4) through which rainwater / water can flow into the storage chamber (3); - an outlet (5) for draining rainwater / water from the water tank (T); - a cover (6) with a sewer (7); and - a control system (5, 8) to control the flow of rainwater from the water tank (T), in which the control system (5, 8) consists, at least, of one or more interior vertical walls (8) of porous concrete that extend into the interior volume (2) of the water tank (T), and divide this interior volume in at least one storage chamber (3) for rainwater / water and a reserve space (9) with a reserve volume to collect water flowing through the interior vertical wall or walls ( 8) of porous concrete, in which the reserve space (9) is equipped with the outlet (5) for the drainage of rainwater / water with the opening of said outlet in the lower part of the tank (T), said opening being provided with a system of conduits limiting the flow of water through the outlet (5), or in which the reserve space (9) of the water tank (T) is connected, by means of a connection pipe, to a reserve tank ( BT), whereby the connection pipe is located at a level above the lower part of the reserve space (9) and above the lower part of the reserve tank, and where the reserve tank is provided with an outlet (50) located above the lower part of the reserve tank, where the outlet (50) is provided with, or connected to, a suitable conduit system to limit the discharge of water through said outlet (50) wherein the internal vertical porous concrete wall (s) (8) is or is made of a hardened, water-draining porous concrete that is manufactured by hardening a mixture of at least cement, particle size aggregates 6mm to 14mm and water, to obtain an open pore volume of 8-12% in the hardened porous water drainage concrete, where the hardened porous water drainage concrete has a water permeability of 0.05L / m2 / s at 5 l / m2 / s inclusive, where water permeability is measured with a storage chamber (3) almost completely filled with water and an empty reserve space (9), characterized in that the duct system contains a porous concrete element (85) with an inner chamber (87) connected to the outlet (5, 50) by means of a pipe system (86), and where the porous concrete element (85) is made, at least partially, of a water-draining hardened porous concrete that is manufactured by hardening a mixture of at least cement, aggregates with a particle size of 6 mm to 14 mm and water, to obtain an open pore volume of 8 to 12% in the hardened porous water drainage concrete. 2. Reserve system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous concrete element (85) rests in the lower part of the reserve space (9) or the reserve tank (BT), where the porous concrete element ( 85) contains one or more porous walls, as well as a porous upper side, and where, preferably, the pipe system is equipped with an overflow system to drain water as soon as the water level in the reserve space or in the tank reserve exceeds a higher level. 3. Reserve system, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water tank, or the water tank with the reserve tank, has two independent overflows (3A, 9A), specifically a first overflow for the chamber of the water tank for draining rainwater as soon as the water level in the storage chamber (3) exceeds the level (H3A) of said first overflow (3A), and a second overflow (9A) for the reserve space (9) or for the reserve tank (BT), to drain rainwater when the water level in the reserve space (9) or in the reserve tank (BT) exceeds the level (H9A) of said second overflow (9A). 4. Reserve system, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water tank is equipped with at least two independent reserve spaces, specifically at least one first reserve space (90) located next to it. along the bottom of a storage chamber (3), whereby the first reserve space (90) collects water from the storage chamber (3) by means of a wall (80) of porous concrete, at least partially horizontal, and at least one second reserve space (9) that works together with an almost vertical wall (8) of porous concrete, to collect water from the storage chamber (3), and characterized in that the first space ( 90) reserve and the second reserve space (9) are connected by a tube or pipe (100), which is preferably located along the bottom of the water tank. 5. Reserve system, according to claim 4, characterized in that the water tank (T) has at least two independent storage areas (3, 30), the two independent storage areas (3, 30) being connected by means of an overflow pipe (31) provided to transport water from a first storage chamber (3) to a second storage chamber (30) as soon as the first storage chamber (3) is almost full of water, the second having storage chamber (30) an overflow (3A) located at a level below the overflow pipe (31). Reservation system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inlet opening (4) is equipped with a control system (400) comprising a chamber (401) that is equipped with an open inner container (402 ) in the lower part of which there is an orifice (402A), said open inner container (402) being connected to the reserve space (9) by means of a pipe (41), in which in said open inner container (402) it moves a float (403) with a surface (403A) capable of acting as a valve system with respect to the inlet of the pipe (41), in which under a flow of rainwater below a certain magnitude, the float (403 ) remains in a lower position in the open inner container (402), so that part of the rainwater flow flows directly to the reserve space (9) through the pipe (41), while another part of the water flow rain flows into the chamber (3) through the opening (402A), and in which under the flow of storm rainwater, the water level of the open inner container (402) rises, such that the float (403) is moves to the closed position to seal the inlet of the pipe (41), so that most of the rainwater (W) flows into the storage chamber (3) of the water tank (T)