ES2734572T3 - A joining method for wind turbine blade housings - Google Patents

A joining method for wind turbine blade housings Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2734572T3
ES2734572T3 ES14793174T ES14793174T ES2734572T3 ES 2734572 T3 ES2734572 T3 ES 2734572T3 ES 14793174 T ES14793174 T ES 14793174T ES 14793174 T ES14793174 T ES 14793174T ES 2734572 T3 ES2734572 T3 ES 2734572T3
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ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
blade
edge
wind turbine
housings
along
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
ES14793174T
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Spanish (es)
Inventor
Jesper Hasselbalch Garm
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LM WP Patent Holdings AS
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LM WP Patent Holdings AS
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5014—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being fibre-reinforced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1226—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/1226—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
    • B29C66/12261—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment the two joint-segments being bevelled, e.g. the two joint-segments forming a V
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/304—In-plane lamination by juxtaposing or interleaving of plies, e.g. scarf joining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/0025—Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
    • B29D99/0028—Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings hollow blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
    • B29C65/5021—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
    • B29C65/5042—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined
    • B29C65/505—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like covering both elements to be joined and placed in a recess formed in the parts to be joined, e.g. in order to obtain a continuous surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B29C66/02241—Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or sawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B29C66/02245—Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/22—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
    • B29C66/221—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of a sinusoidal wave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/22—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
    • B29C66/223—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns being in the form of a triangle wave or of a sawtooth wave, e.g. zigzagged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72329—Wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Método de fabricación de al menos una parte de una pala de turbina eólica, en el que el método comprende las etapas de: proporcionar una primera carcasa (24) de pala que tiene un primer borde, proporcionar una segunda carcasa (26) de pala que tiene un segundo borde, y unir dicha primera carcasa de pala a dicha segunda carcasa de pala a lo largo de al menos una parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde al proporcionar una sobrelaminación (76) que se extiende entre dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde, en el que dicha sobrelaminación se aplica a superficies externas de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde, y caracterizado porque dicha unión se realiza sin un adhesivo estructural, en el que a lo largo de al menos una parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde dichas carcasas de pala se unen usando únicamente la sobrelaminación.A method of manufacturing at least a part of a wind turbine blade, wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing a first blade housing (24) having a first edge, providing a second blade housing (26) that has a second edge, and attaching said first blade housing to said second blade housing along at least a portion of said first edge and said second edge by providing an overlaminate (76) extending between said first edge and said second edge, wherein said overlamination is applied to external surfaces of said first edge and said second edge, and characterized in that said bond is made without a structural adhesive, wherein along at least a part of said first edge and said second edge said blade housings are joined using only overlamination.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION

Un método de unión para carcasas de pala de turbina eólicaA joining method for wind turbine blade housings

Campo de la invenciónField of the Invention

La presente invención se refiere a un sistema y método para unir secciones de palas de turbina eólica, en particular, para unir carcasas de pala de turbina eólica para formar una pala de turbina eólica.The present invention relates to a system and method for joining sections of wind turbine blades, in particular, for joining wind turbine blade housings to form a wind turbine blade.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

En general, las palas de turbina eólica se fabrican a partir de materiales compuestos, en particular material de fibra de carbono y/o de vidrio que se infusiona con una resina y se cura para formar una estructura maciza.In general, wind turbine blades are manufactured from composite materials, in particular carbon fiber and / or glass material that is infused with a resin and cured to form a solid structure.

Un enfoque conocido para la fabricación de palas de turbina eólica es formar secciones de carcasa de pala independientes. Tales carcasas se forman mediante la disposición de capas de material fibroso en moldes conformados de manera adecuada que se infusionan con una resina que posteriormente se cura. Las carcasas de pala macizas pueden entonces adherirse en conjunto para formar una mayor estructura de pala de turbina eólica. Tales carcasas están formadas, tradicionalmente, como medias partes de una pala de turbina eólica, por ejemplo, correspondiendo una primera carcasa a un lado de presión o a barlovento de una pala de turbina eólica y correspondiendo una segunda carcasa a un lado de succión o a sotavento de una pala de turbina eólica.A known approach to the manufacture of wind turbine blades is to form independent blade housing sections. Such housings are formed by arranging layers of fibrous material in suitably shaped molds that are infused with a resin that is subsequently cured. The solid blade housings can then adhere together to form a larger wind turbine blade structure. Such housings are traditionally formed as half parts of a wind turbine blade, for example, a first housing corresponding to a pressure or windward side of a wind turbine blade and a second housing corresponding to a suction side or leeward side. A wind turbine blade.

Las carcasas se unen mediante un adhesivo aplicado en la superficie de contacto entre las carcasas, normalmente a lo largo de los bordes de las carcasas, que después se hace que entren en contacto entre sí y se permite su curado. Un ejemplo de una unión de la técnica anterior entre carcasas de pala se muestra en la figura 5, en donde un adhesivo 100 se ubica entre los bordes de carcasas 102,104 de pala superior e inferior a lo largo del borde de ataque 106 de la pala.The housings are joined by an adhesive applied to the contact surface between the housings, usually along the edges of the housings, which are then made to come into contact with each other and cure. An example of a prior art joint between blade housings is shown in Figure 5, wherein an adhesive 100 is located between the edges of upper and lower blade housings 102,104 along the leading edge 106 of the blade.

Con el fin de mejorar la unión entre carcasas a lo largo de tales líneas de adhesivo, pueden proporcionarse pestañas 108 de adhesivo adicionales como parte de las carcasas para retener el adhesivo dentro de la zona de unión entre las carcasas de pala. Las pestañas 108 de adhesivo se ubican, normalmente, en el interior de la pala, posiblemente como parte de una de las carcasas 102, 104 de pala, de manera que a medida que se juntan las carcasas, la pestaña 108 de adhesivo se coloca en el lado interno de la línea de unión entre los bordes de las carcasas 102,104, para captar y recoger cualquier exceso de adhesivo 110 que puede aplastarse entre los bordes de carcasa en la pala interior.In order to improve the bond between housings along such adhesive lines, additional adhesive tabs 108 may be provided as part of the housings to retain the adhesive within the joint zone between the blade housings. The adhesive tabs 108 are normally located inside the blade, possibly as part of one of the blade housings 102, 104, so that as the housings are joined, the adhesive tab 108 is placed in the inner side of the joint line between the edges of the housings 102,104, to catch and collect any excess adhesive 110 that can be crushed between the carcass edges on the inner blade.

Una vez se han adherido las carcasas entre sí a lo largo de la zona de unión, pueden requerirse operaciones de acabado adicionales con el fin de proporcionar una superficie exterior lisa en la zona de la línea de unión entre las carcasas de pala. Tales operaciones de acabado pueden comprender un desbastado o pulido de la superficie externa de la línea de unión, y/o una sobrelaminación 112 de la línea de unión para permitir una superficie externa aerodinámicamente adecuada.Once the housings have adhered to each other along the joint zone, additional finishing operations may be required in order to provide a smooth outer surface in the area of the joint line between the blade housings. Such finishing operations may comprise a roughing or polishing of the outer surface of the bonding line, and / or an overlamination 112 of the bonding line to allow an aerodynamically suitable external surface.

Los adhesivos usados en tales zonas de unión añaden un peso y coste considerables a la estructura de pala final. Además, el uso de tales adhesivos puede dar como resultado la formación de grietas o fallas estructurales en la pala acabada, debido a las diferencias en la composición de material y rigidez asociada entre las carcasas de pala con base compuesta de fibra y el adhesivo usado en las líneas de unión.The adhesives used in such bonding areas add considerable weight and cost to the final blade structure. In addition, the use of such adhesives may result in the formation of cracks or structural failures in the finished blade, due to differences in the material composition and associated stiffness between the fiber composite-based blade housings and the adhesive used in the joining lines.

A partir del documento EP 2228198 se conoce reparar parte de una carcasa de pala de turbina eólica con material preimpregnado reforzado con fibra curable mediante radiación UV, por ejemplo, en el borde de ataque de una pala. El documento WO 2004/076852 da a conocer una pala de turbina eólica, en la que se dispone una cubierta frontal previamente fabricada en una junta de pegamento en el borde de ataque de la pala de turbina eólica.From EP 2228198 it is known to repair part of a wind turbine blade housing with pre-impregnated material reinforced with UV curable fiber, for example, at the leading edge of a blade. WO 2004/076852 discloses a wind turbine blade, in which a previously manufactured front cover is arranged in a glue joint at the leading edge of the wind turbine blade.

Un objeto de la invención es proporcionar un sistema y método para la unión de secciones de pala de turbina eólica que resuelva los problemas anteriores, en particular, proporcionando un peso reducido y uso de adhesivo para una pala de turbina eólica, al tiempo que mejora el rendimiento de zonas de unión en palas de turbina eólica.An object of the invention is to provide a system and method for joining wind turbine blade sections that solves the above problems, in particular, by providing a reduced weight and use of adhesive for a wind turbine blade, while improving the performance of joining areas in wind turbine blades.

Sumario de la invenciónSummary of the invention

Por consiguiente, se proporciona un método de fabricación de al menos una parte de una turbina eólica según la reivindicación 1.Accordingly, a method of manufacturing at least a part of a wind turbine according to claim 1 is provided.

La sobrelaminación sustituye el uso de adhesivo estructural en el borde entre las carcasas de pala. Se entiende como adhesivo estructural un adhesivo que puede usarse para producir una junta de soporte de carga.Overlamination replaces the use of structural adhesive on the edge between the blade housings. A structural adhesive is understood as an adhesive that can be used to produce a load bearing joint.

La sobrelaminación se aplica a las superficies externas de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde. La ubicación de la sobrelaminación sobre superficies externas de la pala permite facilitar la aplicación de la sobrelaminación para fijar las carcasas de pala en conjunto. Además, la sobrelaminación puede inspeccionarse fácilmente tras la aplicación para asegurar que la sobrelaminación se ha aplicado de manera adecuada, y actúa para unir las carcasas de pala en conjunto. Se entenderá sobrelaminación como una matriz de material fibroso y una resina. Preferiblemente, la sobrelaminación está formada a partir de el mismo material que las carcasas de pala.The overlamination is applied to the external surfaces of said first edge and said second edge. The location of the overlamination on external surfaces of the blade makes it easier to apply the overlamination to fix the blade housings together. In addition, overlamination can be easily inspected after application to ensure that overlamination has been applied properly, and acts to bond the housings. Shovel together. Overlamination will be understood as a matrix of fibrous material and a resin. Preferably, the overlamination is formed from the same material as the blade housings.

Se comprenderá que la unión entre dicha parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde se forma sin un adhesivo estructural. En su lugar, la unión se forma usando una resina para fijar la sobrelaminación a las carcasas de pala. Como no se usa sustancialmente ningún adhesivo estructural entre dicha parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde, por consiguiente, las carcasas de pala se unen usando la sobrelaminación.It will be understood that the joint between said part of said first edge and said second edge is formed without a structural adhesive. Instead, the joint is formed using a resin to fix the overlamination to the blade housings. As substantially no structural adhesive is used between said part of said first edge and said second edge, consequently, the blade housings are joined using the overlamination.

Según la invención, a lo largo de dicha parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde, las carcasas de pala se unen únicamente usando la sobrelaminación, en la que no se usa ningún adhesivo o pegamento adicional a lo largo de dicha parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde.According to the invention, along said part of said first edge and said second edge, the blade housings are joined only using the overlamination, in which no additional adhesive or glue is used along said part of said first edge and said second edge.

Por consiguiente, el peso y coste de la pala de turbina eólica puede minimizarse, debido a la necesidad reducida de juntas de adhesivo estructural. Adicionalmente, la sobrelaminación puede seleccionarse de manera que el material de sobrelaminación tenga un material y unas propiedades de rigidez sustancialmente similares a las carcasas de pala, reduciendo de ese modo la posibilidad de que se produzcan fallas o grietas estructurales debido a diferentes materiales o propiedades de rigidez.Consequently, the weight and cost of the wind turbine blade can be minimized, due to the reduced need for structural adhesive joints. Additionally, the overlamination can be selected so that the overlamination material has a material and stiffness properties substantially similar to the blade housings, thereby reducing the possibility of structural failures or cracks due to different materials or properties of rigidity.

Preferiblemente, dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda se disponen en donde se define un rebaje en la superficie de contacto entre dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde, y en donde se recibe dicha sobrelaminación al menos parcialmente dentro de dicho rebaje.Preferably, said first and second blade housings are arranged where a recess in the contact surface between said first edge and said second edge is defined, and where said overlamination is received at least partially within said recess.

Al proporcionar la sobrelaminación dentro de un rebaje en las carcasas de pala, por consiguiente, el perfil aerodinámico de la pala de turbina eólica acabada puede conservarse como la sobrelaminación y el rebaje asociado puede dimensionarse para complementarse con el perfil aerodinámico deseado.By providing the overlamination within a recess in the blade housings, therefore, the aerodynamic profile of the finished wind turbine blade can be preserved as the overlamination and the associated recess can be sized to complement the desired aerodynamic profile.

Adicionalmente, se proporciona un método de fabricación de al menos una parte de una pala de turbina eólica, en el que el método comprende las etapas de:Additionally, a method of manufacturing at least a part of a wind turbine blade is provided, in which the method comprises the steps of:

proporcionar una primera carcasa de pala que tiene una primera sección que se estrecha a lo largo de al menos una parte de un borde de dicha primera carcasa;providing a first shovel housing having a first section that narrows along at least a portion of an edge of said first housing;

proporcionar una segunda carcasa de pala que tiene una segunda sección que se estrecha a lo largo de al menos una parte de un borde de dicha segunda carcasa;providing a second blade carcass having a second section that narrows along at least a portion of an edge of said second carcass;

juntar dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda de manera que dicha primera sección que se estrecha hace tope contra dicha segunda sección que se estrecha para formar un canal de rebaje ubicado a lo largo de un límite entre los bordes de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda; yjoining said first and second blade housings so that said first narrowing section abuts against said second section that narrows to form a recess channel located along a boundary between the edges of said first and second shovel housings ; Y

aplicar un material laminado en dicho canal de rebaje para unir dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.applying a laminated material in said recess channel to join said first and second blade housings.

Dado que el rebaje puede estar formado a partir de bordes que se estrechan de las carcasas de pala, tal estrechamiento puede formarse durante la fabricación de las propias carcasas de pala, por ejemplo, mediante la selección de moldes de pala perfilados de manera adecuada. Adicional o alternativamente, tal estrechamiento puede proporcionarse mediante un corte o desbastado de los bordes de las carcasas de pala. Por sección que se estrecha, se comprenderá que tal estrechamiento puede comprender un estrechamiento uniforme o un estrechamiento escalonado, y tal estrechamiento puede extenderse a través de todo el grosor de la carcasa de pala, o puede extenderse hasta una profundidad determinada a través la pared de carcasa de pala.Since the recess can be formed from narrowing edges of the blade housings, such narrowing can be formed during the manufacture of the shovel housings themselves, for example, by selecting suitably shaped shovel molds. Additionally or alternatively, such narrowing can be provided by cutting or roughing the edges of the blade housings. By narrowing section, it will be understood that such narrowing may comprise a uniform narrowing or a stepped narrowing, and such narrowing may extend across the entire thickness of the blade housing, or it may extend to a certain depth through the wall of shovel housing

Preferiblemente, dicho material laminado se dispone para rellenar sustancialmente dicho canal de rebaje.Preferably, said laminated material is arranged to substantially fill said recess channel.

En un aspecto, el grosor máximo de dicho material laminado es sustancialmente igual al grosor de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda adyacentes a dichos bordes.In one aspect, the maximum thickness of said laminated material is substantially equal to the thickness of said first and second blade housings adjacent to said edges.

Al tener el material laminado la misma profundidad que el grosor de carcasa, el perfil del perfil aerodinámico de la pala diseñada se conserva a través del uso del material laminado en la superficie de contacto entre las carcasas. Preferiblemente, las carcasas de pala se forman a partir de una estratificación de una pluralidad de capas de material fibroso, por ejemplo, fibra de vidrio, fibra de carbono, etc., en donde dicha sección que se estrecha comprende un estrechamiento a través del cuerpo de la carcasa de pala hasta una única capa o pliego de material fibroso.By having the laminated material the same depth as the shell thickness, the profile of the aerodynamic profile of the designed blade is preserved through the use of the laminated material on the contact surface between the housings. Preferably, the blade housings are formed from a stratification of a plurality of layers of fibrous material, for example, glass fiber, carbon fiber, etc., wherein said narrowing section comprises a narrowing through the body from the shovel housing to a single layer or sheet of fibrous material.

Preferiblemente, dicho material laminado se aplica de manera que la superficie expuesta del material laminado está sustancialmente alineada con las superficies expuestas de las carcasas de pala primera y segunda adyacentes a dicho canal de rebaje.Preferably, said laminated material is applied such that the exposed surface of the laminated material is substantially aligned with the exposed surfaces of the first and second blade housings adjacent to said recess channel.

La disposición del material laminado permite, de este modo, un perfil aerodinámico liso para la superficie externa de la pala en la región de la sobrelaminación. The arrangement of the laminated material thus allows a smooth aerodynamic profile for the outer surface of the blade in the region of overlamination.

En un aspecto preferido, dichas secciones que se estrechan primera y segunda se ubican a lo largo de los bordes de ataque de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda respectivas. Preferiblemente, dicha etapa de aplicar un material laminado comprende disponer dicho material laminado en dicho canal de rebaje para completar el perfil aerodinámico a lo largo del límite de borde de ataque entre dichas partes de carcasa de pala primera y segunda. En un aspecto adicional o alternativo, dichas secciones que se estrechan primera y segunda se ubican a lo largo de los bordes de salida respectivos de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda, preferiblemente los bordes de salida adyacentes al extremo de base de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.In a preferred aspect, said first and second narrowing sections are located along the leading edges of said respective first and second blade housings. Preferably, said step of applying a laminated material comprises disposing said laminated material in said recess channel to complete the aerodynamic profile along the leading edge boundary between said first and second blade housing parts. In a further or alternative aspect, said first and second narrowing sections are located along the respective exit edges of said first and second blade housings, preferably the outlet edges adjacent to the base end of said shovel housings. First and second.

Preferiblemente, el método comprende la etapa de proporcionar un material laminado o sobrelaminación formado a partir de sustancialmente el mismo material que dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.Preferably, the method comprises the step of providing a laminate or overlamination material formed from substantially the same material as said first and second blade housings.

Al proporcionar el material laminado a partir del mismo material que las carcasas de pala, por consiguiente, no existe ninguna diferencia en las propiedades de rigidez entre las carcasas de pala y el material laminado. Tal selección de material reduce considerablemente la posibilidad de formación de grietas estructurales debido a variaciones de rigidez a lo largo de líneas de unión entre carcasas.By providing the laminated material from the same material as the blade housings, therefore, there is no difference in the stiffness properties between the blade housings and the laminated material. Such material selection considerably reduces the possibility of structural crack formation due to variations in stiffness along joint lines between housings.

En un aspecto, las carcasas de pala se forman al menos parcialmente a partir de una matriz de un material laminado compuesto por fibras y una resina curada.In one aspect, the blade housings are formed at least partially from a matrix of a laminated material composed of fibers and a cured resin.

Preferiblemente, dicha etapa de aplicar un material laminado o proporcionar una sobrelaminación comprende: colocar al menos una capa de material fibroso a lo largo de al menos una parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde de dichas carcasas de pala, preferiblemente en dicho canal de rebaje;Preferably, said step of applying a laminated material or providing an overlamination comprises: placing at least one layer of fibrous material along at least a part of said first edge and said second edge of said blade housings, preferably in said channel of recess

infusionar dicha al menos una capa de material fibroso con una resina; yinfusing said at least one layer of fibrous material with a resin; Y

curar dicha resina para unir dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.curing said resin to join said first and second blade housings.

La etapa de infusionar puede comprender aplicar resina a una superficie de material fibroso, por ejemplo, aplicación por rodillo, infusión por vacío, etc. Alternativamente, la etapa de aplicar un material laminado puede comprender colocar una pieza de material laminado prefabricada en dicho canal de rebaje, y unir dicha pieza de material laminado en dicho canal de rebaje. Se comprenderá que la resina puede ser cualquier resina adecuada para usarse en una estructura compuesta, preferiblemente al menos una de, o una combinación de, los siguientes: poliéster, viniléster, poliuretano, epoxi.The infusion stage may comprise applying resin to a surface of fibrous material, for example, roller application, vacuum infusion, etc. Alternatively, the step of applying a laminated material may comprise placing a piece of prefabricated laminate in said recess channel, and joining said piece of laminated material in said recess channel. It will be understood that the resin can be any resin suitable for use in a composite structure, preferably at least one of, or a combination of, the following: polyester, vinyl ester, polyurethane, epoxy.

En un aspecto, el método comprende además la etapa de tratar la superficie externa del material laminado, de manera que el material laminado está alineado con la superficie externa adyacente de las carcasas de pala primera y segunda. La etapa de tratar puede comprender cualquier superficie tratamiento adecuada para producir una superficie aerodinámicamente lisa sustancialmente libre de defectos, por ejemplo, una operación de pulido.In one aspect, the method further comprises the step of treating the outer surface of the laminated material, so that the laminated material is aligned with the adjacent outer surface of the first and second blade housings. The treating step may comprise any suitable treatment surface to produce an aerodynamically smooth surface substantially free of defects, for example, a polishing operation.

En un aspecto, dichas etapas de proporcionar carcasas de pala primera y segunda pueden comprender formar al menos una de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda en un molde de carcasa de pala, en el que dicha sección que se estrecha primera y/o segunda se define en dicho molde.In one aspect, said steps of providing first and second blade housings may comprise forming at least one of said first and second shovel housings in a shovel housing mold, wherein said first and / or second narrowing section is defined in said mold.

En un aspecto, se proporciona un molde de carcasa de pala que tiene una sección que se estrecha definida en el perfil de superficie del molde. En un aspecto alternativo, se define una sección que se estrecha usando un inserto de molde.In one aspect, a shovel housing mold is provided having a narrow section defined in the mold surface profile. In an alternative aspect, a section that is narrowed using a mold insert is defined.

En un aspecto alternativo o adicional, dichas etapas de proporcionar carcasas de pala primera y segunda pueden comprender formar una sección que se estrecha a lo largo de al menos una parte de un borde de una carcasa de pala realizando una operación de mecanizado en dicha carcasa de pala. Dicha operación de mecanizado puede comprender desbastado, corte, ataque químico, pulido, etc.In an alternative or additional aspect, said steps of providing first and second blade housings may comprise forming a section that narrows along at least a portion of an edge of a shovel housing by performing a machining operation on said housing of shovel. Said machining operation may include roughing, cutting, chemical attack, polishing, etc.

Además, se proporciona una pala de turbina eólica según la reivindicación 9.In addition, a wind turbine blade according to claim 9 is provided.

La sobrelaminación se aplica a superficies externas de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.The overlamination is applied to external surfaces of said first and second blade housings.

Se comprenderá que dicha al menos una parte de un límite entre dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda se proporciona sin adhesivo estructural.It will be understood that said at least a portion of a boundary between said first and second blade housings is provided without structural adhesive.

Según la invención, dichas partes de carcasa de pala primera y segunda se unen únicamente mediante una sobrelaminación.According to the invention, said first and second blade housing parts are joined only by an overlamination.

Preferiblemente, se proporciona una pala de turbina eólica que comprende:Preferably, a wind turbine blade is provided comprising:

una primera carcasa de pala que tiene una primera sección que se estrecha a lo largo de al menos una parte de un borde de dicha primera carcasa; y a first shovel housing having a first section that narrows along at least a portion of an edge of said first housing; Y

una segunda carcasa de pala que tiene una segunda sección que se estrecha a lo largo de al menos una parte de un borde de dicha segunda carcasa,a second shovel housing having a second section that narrows along at least a portion of an edge of said second housing,

en el que dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda se disponen de manera que dicha primera sección que se estrecha hace tope contra dicha segunda sección que se estrecha para formar un canal de rebaje ubicado a lo largo de un límite entre los bordes de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda, ywherein said first and second blade housings are arranged such that said first narrowing section abuts against said second narrowing section to form a recess channel located along a boundary between the edges of said carcass of first and second shovel, and

en el que la pala de turbina eólica comprende además un material laminado ubicado en dicho canal de rebaje, uniendo dicho material laminado dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.wherein the wind turbine blade further comprises a laminated material located in said recess channel, said laminated material joining said first and second blade housings.

Preferiblemente, dicho material laminado está formado a partir de sustancialmente el mismo material que dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.Preferably, said laminated material is formed from substantially the same material as said first and second blade housings.

Preferiblemente, dicho material laminado comprende al menos una capa de material fibroso y una resina curada. Preferiblemente, la pala de turbina eólica comprende un canal de rebaje que se extiende a lo largo de al menos una parte del borde de ataque de dicha pala de turbina eólica, preferiblemente a lo largo de sustancialmente todo el borde de ataque, en el que un material laminado se ubica en el canal de rebaje de borde de ataque y une dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda a lo largo de dicha al menos una parte del borde de ataque de dicha pala de turbina eólica.Preferably, said laminated material comprises at least one layer of fibrous material and a cured resin. Preferably, the wind turbine blade comprises a recess channel that extends along at least a portion of the leading edge of said wind turbine blade, preferably along substantially the entire leading edge, in which a Laminated material is located in the leading edge recess channel and joins said first and second blade housings along said at least part of the leading edge of said wind turbine blade.

Adicional o alternativamente, la pala de turbina eólica comprende un canal de rebaje que se extiende a lo largo de al menos una parte del borde de salida de la pala de turbina eólica, en el que un material laminado ubicado en el canal de rebaje de borde de salida une dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda a lo largo de dicha al menos una parte del borde de salida de dicha pala de turbina eólica.Additionally or alternatively, the wind turbine blade comprises a recess channel that extends along at least a part of the outlet edge of the wind turbine blade, in which a laminated material located in the edge recess channel Output joins said first and second blade housings along said at least part of the leading edge of said wind turbine blade.

Preferiblemente, dicho canal de rebaje de borde de salida se extiende a lo largo del borde de salida en la región de base de la pala de turbina eólica, en el que el material laminado une dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda a lo largo del borde de salida en la región de base de la pala de turbina eólica.Preferably, said exit edge recess channel extends along the exit edge in the base region of the wind turbine blade, in which the laminated material joins said first and second blade housings along the edge Output in the base region of the wind turbine blade.

Adicionalmente, se proporciona una turbina eólica que comprende al menos una pala de turbina eólica tal como se describió anteriormente.Additionally, a wind turbine is provided comprising at least one wind turbine blade as described above.

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

Ahora se describirá una realización de la invención, solamente a modo de ejemplo, con referencia a los dibujos adjuntos, en los que:An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

la figura 1 muestra una turbina eólica;Figure 1 shows a wind turbine;

la figura 2 muestra una vista esquemática de una pala de turbina eólica según la invención;Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a wind turbine blade according to the invention;

la figura 3 muestra una vista esquemática de un perfil aerodinámico de la pala de la figura 2;Figure 3 shows a schematic view of an aerodynamic profile of the blade of Figure 2;

la figura 4 muestra una vista esquemática de la pala de turbina eólica de la figura 2, vista desde arriba y desde el lateral;Figure 4 shows a schematic view of the wind turbine blade of Figure 2, viewed from above and from the side;

la figura 5 ilustra una vista en sección transversal ampliada de una unión de adhesivo de borde de ataque para una pala de turbina eólica de la técnica anterior; yFigure 5 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of a leading edge adhesive bond for a prior art wind turbine blade; Y

la figura 6 ilustra una vista en sección transversal ampliada de una unión para una pala de turbina eólica según la invención, a lo largo de un borde de ataque de pala de turbina eólica.Figure 6 illustrates an enlarged cross-sectional view of a joint for a wind turbine blade according to the invention, along a leading edge of wind turbine blade.

Se comprenderá que elementos comunes para las diferentes realizaciones de la invención se han dotado de los mismos números de referencia en los dibujos.It will be understood that common elements for the different embodiments of the invention have been provided with the same reference numbers in the drawings.

La figura 1 ilustra una turbina 2 eólica a barlovento actual convencional según el denominado “concepto danés” con una torre 4, una góndola 6 y un rotor con un árbol de rotor sustancialmente horizontal. El rotor incluye un buje 8 y tres palas 10 que se extienden radialmente desde el buje 8, teniendo cada una base 16 de pala lo más cerca posible del buje y una punta 14 de pala lo más lejos posible del buje 8. El rotor tiene un radio denominado R.Figure 1 illustrates a conventional current windward wind turbine 2 according to the so-called "Danish concept" with a tower 4, a gondola 6 and a rotor with a substantially horizontal rotor shaft. The rotor includes a hub 8 and three blades 10 extending radially from the hub 8, each having a blade base 16 as close as possible to the hub and a blade tip 14 as far as possible from the hub 8. The rotor has a radio called R.

La figura 2 muestra una vista esquemática de una pala 10 de turbina eólica. La pala 10 de turbina eólica tiene la forma de una pala de turbina eólica convencional y comprende una región 30 de base lo más cerca posible del buje, una región 34 de perfil aerodinámico o perfilada lo más lejos posible del buje y una región 32 de transición entre la región 30 de base y la región 34 de perfil aerodinámico. La pala 10 comprende un borde 18 de ataque orientado hacia la dirección de rotación de la pala 10, cuando la pala está montada en el buje, y un borde 20 de salida orientado hacia la dirección opuesta del borde 18 de ataque.Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a wind turbine blade 10. The wind turbine blade 10 is in the form of a conventional wind turbine blade and comprises a base region 30 as close as possible to the hub, a region 34 of aerodynamic profile or profiled as far as possible from the hub and a transition region 32 between the base region 30 and the aerodynamic profile region 34. The blade 10 comprises an leading edge 18 oriented towards the direction of rotation of the blade 10, when the blade is mounted on the hub, and an outlet edge 20 oriented towards the opposite direction of the leading edge 18.

La región 34 de perfil aerodinámico (también denominada la región perfilada) tiene una forma de pala ideal o casi ideal con respecto a generar sustentación, mientras que la región 30 de base debido a consideraciones estructurales tiene una sección transversal sustancialmente circular o elíptica, que facilita y hace que sea más seguro, por ejemplo, montar la pala 10 en el buje. El diámetro (o la cuerda) de la región 30 de base es constante, normalmente, a lo largo de toda la zona 30 de base. La región 32 de transición tiene un perfil 42 de transición que cambia gradualmente de la forma 40 circular o elíptica de la región 30 de base al perfil 50 aerodinámico de la región 34 de perfil aerodinámico. Normalmente, la longitud de cuerda de la región 32 de transición aumenta de manera sustancialmente lineal con un aumento de la distancia desde el buje. La región 34 de perfil aerodinámico tiene un perfil 50 aerodinámico con una cuerda que se extiende entre el borde 18 de ataque y el borde 20 de salida de la pala 10. La anchura de la cuerda disminuye con un aumento de la distancia desde el buje.The aerodynamic profile region 34 (also called the profiled region) has an ideal or almost ideal blade shape with respect to generating lift, while the base region 30 due to structural considerations It has a substantially circular or elliptical cross-section, which facilitates and makes it safer, for example, to mount the blade 10 on the bushing. The diameter (or the string) of the base region 30 is normally constant throughout the entire base area 30. The transition region 32 has a transition profile 42 that gradually changes from the circular or elliptical shape 40 of the base region 30 to the aerodynamic profile 50 of the aerodynamic profile region 34. Normally, the chord length of the transition region 32 increases substantially linearly with an increase in the distance from the bushing. The aerodynamic profile region 34 has an aerodynamic profile 50 with a rope that extends between the leading edge 18 and the trailing edge 20 of the blade 10. The width of the rope decreases with increasing distance from the hub.

Debe observarse que, normalmente, las cuerdas de diferentes secciones de la pala no se encuentran en un plano común, dado que la pala puede torsionarse y/o curvarse (es decir doblarse previamente), dotando por tanto al plano de cuerda de un recorrido torsionado y/o curvo de manera correspondiente, siendo más habitualmente el caso con el fin de compensar la velocidad local de la pala que depende del radio desde el buje.It should be noted that, normally, the ropes of different sections of the blade are not in a common plane, since the blade can be twisted and / or bent (ie bent previously), thus providing the rope plane with a twisted path and / or correspondingly curved, more commonly the case in order to compensate for the local speed of the blade that depends on the radius from the bushing.

La figura 3 muestra una vista esquemática de un perfil 50 aerodinámico de una pala habitual de una turbina eólica representada con los diversos parámetros, que se usan normalmente para definir la forma geométrica de un perfil aerodinámico. El perfil 50 aerodinámico tiene un lado 52 de presión y un lado 54 de succión, que, durante el uso, es decir durante la rotación del rotor, están orientados normalmente hacia el lado a favor del viento (o barlovento) y el lado en sentido contrario al del viento (o sotavento), respectivamente. El perfil 50 aerodinámico tiene una cuerda 60 con una longitud de cuerda c que se extiende entre un borde 56 de ataque y un borde 58 de salida de la pala. El perfil 50 aerodinámico tiene un grosor t, que se define como la distancia entre el lado 52 de presión y el lado 54 de succión. El grosor t del perfil aerodinámico varía a lo largo de la cuerda 60. La desviación de un perfil simétrico se aporta por una línea 62 de combadura, que es una línea media a través del perfil 50 aerodinámico. La línea media puede encontrarse dibujando círculos inscritos desde el borde 56 de ataque hasta el borde 58 de salida. La línea media sigue los centros de estos círculos inscritos y la desviación o distancia desde la cuerda 60 se denomina la combadura f. La asimetría también puede definirse por el uso de parámetros denominados combadura superior (o combadura de lado de succión) y combadura inferior (o combadura de lado de presión), que se definen como las distancias desde la cuerda 60 y el lado 54 de succión y lado 52 de presión, respectivamente.Figure 3 shows a schematic view of an aerodynamic profile 50 of a usual blade of a wind turbine represented with the various parameters, which are normally used to define the geometric shape of an aerodynamic profile. The aerodynamic profile 50 has a pressure side 52 and a suction side 54, which, during use, that is, during the rotation of the rotor, are normally oriented towards the side in favor of the wind (or windward) and the side in the direction contrary to wind (or leeward), respectively. The aerodynamic profile 50 has a rope 60 with a length of rope c that extends between an leading edge 56 and a trailing edge 58 of the blade. The aerodynamic profile 50 has a thickness t, which is defined as the distance between the pressure side 52 and the suction side 54. The thickness t of the aerodynamic profile varies along the rope 60. The deviation from a symmetrical profile is provided by a warp line 62, which is a middle line through the aerodynamic profile 50. The middle line can be found by drawing inscribed circles from the leading edge 56 to the leading edge 58. The middle line follows the centers of these inscribed circles, and the deviation or distance from the rope 60 is called the f-fad. The asymmetry can also be defined by the use of parameters called upper combustion (or suction side combing) and inferior combatement (or pressure side combatement), which are defined as the distances from the rope 60 and the suction side 54 and pressure side 52, respectively.

A menudo, los perfiles aerodinámicos están caracterizados por los siguientes parámetros: la longitud de la cuerda c, la combadura máxima f, la posición df de la combadura máxima f, el grosor máximo de perfil aerodinámico t, que es el mayor diámetro de los círculos inscritos a lo largo de la línea 62 de combadura media, la posición dt del grosor máximo t, y un radio de corte (no mostrado). Estos parámetros se definen, normalmente, como relaciones con respecto a la longitud de cuerda c. Por tanto, un grosor de pala relativo local t/c se proporciona como la relación entre el grosor máximo local t y la longitud de cuerda local c. Además, la posición dp de la combadura máxima de lado de presión puede usarse como un parámetro de diseño, y, obviamente, también la posición de la combadura máxima de lado de succión. La figura 4 muestra algunos parámetros geométricos adicionales de la pala. La pala tiene una longitud de pala total L. Tal como se muestra en la figura 2, el extremo de base se ubica en la posición r = 0, y el extremo de punta se ubica en r = L. El hombro 40 de la pala se ubica en una posición r = Lw, y tiene una anchura de hombro W, que es igual a la longitud de cuerda en el hombro 40. El diámetro de la base se define como D. Además, la pala se proporciona con una flexión previa, que se define como Dy y, que corresponde a la parte exterior de deflexión de plano desde un eje 22 de cabeceo de la pala.Often, the aerodynamic profiles are characterized by the following parameters: the length of the rope c, the maximum warp f, the position d f of the maximum warp f, the maximum thickness of the aerodynamic profile t, which is the largest diameter of the Circles inscribed along the line of average combing, the position d t of the maximum thickness t, and a cutting radius (not shown). These parameters are usually defined as relationships with respect to the length of rope c. Therefore, a local relative blade thickness t / c is provided as the ratio between the maximum local thickness t and the local cord length c. In addition, the position d p of the maximum pressure side comb can be used as a design parameter, and obviously also the position of the maximum suction side comb. Figure 4 shows some additional geometric parameters of the blade. The blade has a total blade length L. As shown in Figure 2, the base end is located at the position r = 0, and the tip end is located at r = L. The shoulder 40 of the blade it is located in a position r = L w , and has a shoulder width W, which is equal to the length of rope at the shoulder 40. The diameter of the base is defined as D. In addition, the blade is provided with a flexion previous, which is defined as Dy and, which corresponds to the outer part of plane deflection from a pitching axis 22 of the blade.

La pala 10 de turbina eólica comprende, generalmente, una carcasa fabricada a partir de polímero con refuerzo de fibra, y se realiza, normalmente, como una parte 24 de carcasa de lado de presión o barlovento y una parte 26 de carcasa de lado de succión o sotavento que se unen en conjunto a lo largo de líneas 28 de unión que se extienden a lo largo del borde 20 de salida y el borde 18 de ataque de la pala 10. Generalmente, las palas de turbina eólica están formadas a partir de material de plástico con refuerzo de fibra, por ejemplo, fibras de vidrio y/o fibras de carbono que se disponen en un molde y se curan con una resina para formar una estructura maciza. Las palas de turbina eólica actuales, a menudo, pueden presentar un exceso de 30 o 40 metros en longitud, presentando diámetros de base de pala de algunos metros. Generalmente, las palas de turbina eólica están diseñadas para tener vidas útiles relativamente largas y para soportar cargas dinámicas y estructurales considerables.The wind turbine blade 10 generally comprises a housing made from polymer with fiber reinforcement, and is normally made as a pressure or windward side housing part 24 and a suction side housing part 26 or leeward that are joined together along connecting lines 28 that extend along the trailing edge 20 and the leading edge 18 of the blade 10. Generally, the wind turbine blades are formed from material of plastic with fiber reinforcement, for example, glass fibers and / or carbon fibers that are arranged in a mold and cured with a resin to form a solid structure. The current wind turbine blades can often have an excess of 30 or 40 meters in length, presenting blade diameters of a few meters. Generally, wind turbine blades are designed to have relatively long lifetimes and to withstand considerable dynamic and structural loads.

Con referencia a las líneas 28 de unión, en la figura 6 se ilustra una vista ampliada de una línea de unión de borde de ataque según un aspecto de la invención. En esta realización, los bordes de ataque de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala se unen usando una sobrelaminación, que elimina la necesidad de colocar adhesivo 100 estructural entre las carcasas 24, 26 de pala.With reference to the connecting lines 28, an enlarged view of a leading edge joining line according to an aspect of the invention is illustrated in Figure 6. In this embodiment, the leading edges of the blade carcasses 24, 26 are joined using an overlamination, which eliminates the need to place structural adhesive 100 between the blade carcasses 24, 26.

En este caso se comprenderá que la línea 28 de unión se refiere a la zona general de una sobrelaminación que une las carcasas 24, 26 a barlovento y a sotavento.In this case it will be understood that the connection line 28 refers to the general area of an overlamination that joins the carcasses 24, 26 to windward and leeward.

En la figura 6, la parte 24 de carcasa de lado de presión o barlovento y la parte 26 de carcasa de lado de succión o sotavento coinciden en el borde 18 de ataque de la pala 10, en la zona de una línea 28 de unión. Las carcasas 24, 26 comprenden capas o material 70 fibroso suspendido en una resina curada, que puede aplicarse alrededor de partes de un material 72 de núcleo, por ejemplo, madera de balsa, espuma, etc. Los cuerpos de las carcasas 24, 26 se estrechan en grosor hacia los extremos de borde 18 de ataque de las carcasas 24,26, al menos a lo largo de una parte del borde 18 de ataque. In Fig. 6, the pressure or windward side housing part 24 and the suction or leeward side housing part 26 coincide at the leading edge 18 of the blade 10, in the area of a joining line 28. The housings 24, 26 comprise layers or fibrous material 70 suspended in a cured resin, which can be applied around parts of a core material 72, for example, balsa wood, foam, etc. The carcass bodies 24, 26 narrow in thickness toward the leading edge 18 of the carcass 24,26, at least along a portion of the leading edge 18.

Las carcasas 24, 26 pueden formarse de manera solidaria con tal estrechamiento de los extremos de borde 18 de ataque de las carcasas 24, 26, por ejemplo, a través del uso de carcasas de molde de pala conformadas de manera adecuada (no mostradas) que tienen superficies de perfil de carcasa, y/o insertos de molde, que incorporan un perfil de estrechamiento de borde de ataque. Adicional o alternativamente, el estrechamiento de los extremos de borde 18 de ataque de las carcasas 24, 26 pueden formarse total o parcialmente a través un procedimiento de posmoldeo, por ejemplo, un corte, desbastado o pulido de los extremos de borde 18 de ataque de las carcasas 24, 26 tras haber retirado dichas carcasas 24, 26 de un molde de carcasa de pala (no mostrado). Una vez que las carcasas 24, 26 se han dotado de extremos que se estrechan, las carcasas 24, 26 se acercan y se cierran para formar una pala 10 de turbina eólica, de manera que el extremo de borde de ataque de la carcasa 24 a barlovento hace tope contra el extremo de borde de ataque de la carcasa 26 a sotavento, sin la presencia de un adhesivo estructural entre los extremos de carcasa. Por consiguiente, los extremos de borde 18 de ataque que se estrechan de las carcasas 24, 26 se acercan para formar un canal 74 de rebaje a lo largo de una parte del borde 18 de ataque de la pala 10.The housings 24, 26 can be formed in solidarity with such a narrowing of the leading edge 18 of the carcass 24, 26, for example, through the use of suitably shaped shovel mold housings (not shown) that they have carcass profile surfaces, and / or mold inserts, which incorporate a leading edge narrowing profile. Additionally or alternatively, the narrowing of the leading edge 18 of the housing 24, 26 can be formed totally or partially by a post-molding process, for example, a cutting, roughing or polishing of the leading edge 18 of the the housings 24, 26 after having removed said housings 24, 26 from a shovel housing mold (not shown). Once the housings 24, 26 have been provided with narrowing ends, the housings 24, 26 approach and close to form a wind turbine blade 10, so that the leading edge end of the housing 24 a Windward stops against the leading edge of the casing 26 to leeward, without the presence of a structural adhesive between the carcass ends. Accordingly, the leading edge 18 that narrows of the housings 24, 26 are brought together to form a recess channel 74 along a portion of the leading edge 18 of the blade 10.

Se aplica una sobrelaminación 76 en el canal 74 de rebaje, la sobrelaminación 76 se extiende entre las partes que se estrechan de las carcasas 24, 26 a barlovento y a sotavento y actúa para unir los bordes de ataque de carcasa en conjunto. En la realización de la figura 6, la sobrelaminación 76 se selecciona de manera que la sobrelaminación 76 rellena sustancialmente el canal 74 de rebaje y está alineada con las superficies adyacentes de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala de turbina eólica, conservando de ese modo el perfil aerodinámico del borde 18 de ataque de la pala 10. An overlamination 76 is applied to the recess channel 74, the overlamination 76 extends between the narrowing portions of the carcasses 24, 26 to windward and leeward and acts to join the carcass leading edges together. In the embodiment of Figure 6, the overlamination 76 is selected such that overlamination 76 substantially fills the recess channel 74 and is aligned with the adjacent surfaces of the wind turbine blade housings 24, 26, thereby retaining the aerodynamic profile of the leading edge 18 of the blade 10.

La sobrelaminación 76 comprende, preferiblemente, una pluralidad de capas de material fibroso aplicadas al borde 18 de ataque de la pala 10, proporcionándose las capas de material fibroso en una resina que une las capas de material fibroso en conjunto, al tiempo que también une las partes que se estrechan de las carcasas 24, 26 a barlovento y a sotavento.The overlamination 76 preferably comprises a plurality of layers of fibrous material applied to the leading edge 18 of the blade 10, the layers of fibrous material being provided in a resin that joins the layers of fibrous material together, while also joining the narrowing parts of carcasses 24, 26 to windward and leeward.

La sobrelaminación 76 puede proporcionarse en forma de capas independientes que se infusionan posteriormente con una resina, y/o la sobrelaminación 76 puede proporcionarse como un conjunto o una pila de capas que puede aplicarse como un material preimpregnado, que puede infusionarse al menos parcialmente con una resina no curada, en donde el material preimpregnado puede infusionarse con resina adicional para unir la sobrelaminación 76 a las carcasas 24,26, en las que se cura resina posteriormente.The overlamination 76 can be provided in the form of independent layers that are subsequently infused with a resin, and / or the overlamination 76 can be provided as a set or stack of layers that can be applied as a prepreg, which can be infused at least partially with a uncured resin, where the prepreg can be infused with additional resin to bond overlamination 76 to carcasses 24,26, in which resin is subsequently cured.

Preferiblemente, la sobrelaminación 76 se forma a partir del mismo material que el cuerpo de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala de turbina eólica, por ejemplo, como un material de fibra de vidrio y/o de carbono infusionado con una resina adecuada, por ejemplo, poliéster, viniléster, epoxi, etc.Preferably, the overlamination 76 is formed from the same material as the body of the wind turbine blade housings 24, 26, for example, as a fiberglass and / or carbon material infused with a suitable resin, for example , polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, etc.

La sobrelaminación 76 permite que las carcasas 24, 26 de pala se unan sin el uso de un adhesivo estructural relativamente pesado y costoso. Además, dado que la sobrelaminación 76 puede estar formada a partir del mismo material que el cuerpo de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala, por consiguiente, la resistencia a fallas de la junta de borde de ataque entre las carcasas 24, 26 se ve aumentada, dado que las diferencias en los niveles de rigidez y otras propiedades de material entre las carcasas y el material de unión se eliminan sustancialmente.Overlamination 76 allows blade housings 24, 26 to be joined without the use of a relatively heavy and expensive structural adhesive. In addition, since the overlamination 76 can be formed from the same material as the body of the blade housings 24, 26, therefore, the failure resistance of the leading edge joint between the housings 24, 26 is increased , since differences in stiffness levels and other material properties between the housings and the bonding material are substantially eliminated.

Preferiblemente, la sobrelaminación 76 puede usarse en juntas entre partes de perfil sustancialmente circulares del perfil aerodinámico de la pala 10 de turbina eólica, por ejemplo, a lo largo del borde 18 de ataque de la pala 10, y/o a lo largo del borde 20 de salida próximo al extremo 16 de base de la pala 10. Se comprenderá que el método de unión de la invención puede combinarse con otras técnicas de unión en otras zonas de la pala, por ejemplo, usando adhesivo estructural entre las carcasas de pala.Preferably, the overlamination 76 can be used in joints between substantially circular profile parts of the wind turbine blade 10, for example, along the leading edge 18 of the blade 10, and / or along the edge 20 Exit near the base end 16 of the blade 10. It will be understood that the method of attachment of the invention can be combined with other attachment techniques in other areas of the blade, for example, using structural adhesive between the blade housings.

La etapa de infusionar la sobrelaminación 76 puede comprender aplicar una resina a la superficie de un material fibroso aplicado en el canal 74 de rebaje, por ejemplo, usando una aplicación por rodillo, infusión por vacío, etc. Alternativamente, la etapa de aplicar un material laminado puede comprender colocar una pieza de material laminado prefabricada en dicho canal 76 de rebaje, y unir la pieza de material laminado en dicho canal de rebaje con una resina curada.The step of infusing the overlamination 76 may comprise applying a resin to the surface of a fibrous material applied in the recess channel 74, for example, using a roller application, vacuum infusion, etc. Alternatively, the step of applying a laminated material may comprise placing a piece of prefabricated laminate in said recess channel 76, and joining the piece of laminated material in said recess channel with a cured resin.

La realización de la figura 6 muestra los extremos de borde 18 de ataque de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala terminando en una sección que se estrecha. Se comprenderá que el estrechamiento de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala en el borde 18 de ataque puede comprender un estrechamiento total o parcial del grosor del cuerpo de carcasa de pala en dichos extremos. En un aspecto, el estrechamiento puede extenderse a través del cuerpo de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala hasta una única capa de material fibroso. Adicional o alternativamente, los extremos de borde 18 de ataque de las carcasas 24, 26 pueden comprender un estrechamiento escalonado o un estrechamiento parcial a través del grosor del cuerpo de carcasa.The embodiment of Figure 6 shows the leading edge 18 of the blade housings 24, 26 ending in a narrowing section. It will be understood that the narrowing of the blade housings 24, 26 at the leading edge 18 may comprise a total or partial narrowing of the thickness of the blade housing body at said ends. In one aspect, the narrowing can extend through the body of the blade housings 24, 26 to a single layer of fibrous material. Additionally or alternatively, the leading edge 18 of the housing 24, 26 may comprise a stepped narrowing or a partial narrowing through the thickness of the housing body.

Preferiblemente, el estrechamiento se realiza para tener una sección transversal sustancialmente constante a lo largo de una parte de la longitud longitudinal de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala. Adicional o alternativamente, el estrechamiento puede realizarse de manera dentada o en zigzag a lo largo de la dirección longitudinal de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala. Adicional o alternativamente, el estrechamiento puede realizarse en de manera ondulante o similar a onda a lo largo de la dirección longitudinal de las carcasas 24, 26 de pala.Preferably, the narrowing is performed to have a substantially constant cross section along a part of the longitudinal length of the blade housings 24, 26. Additionally or alternatively, the narrowing may be performed in a dentate or zigzag manner along the longitudinal direction of the blade housings 24, 26. Additionally or alternatively, the narrowing can be performed in an undulating or wave-like manner along the longitudinal direction of the blade housings 24, 26.

El uso de una sobrelaminación para unir componentes de carcasa de pala permite la fabricación de una pala de turbina eólica que usa de manera reducida el adhesivo estructural. Adicionalmente, el uso de sobrelaminaciones formadas a partir de sustancialmente el mismo material que el cuerpo de los propios componentes de carcasa de pala da como resultado una reducción del riesgo de fallas estructurales a lo largo de la línea de unión entre componentes, debido a niveles de rigidez y propiedades de material sustancialmente idénticos entre los componentes de carcasa y el material de unión.The use of an overlamination to join blade housing components allows the manufacture of a wind turbine blade that uses the structural adhesive in a reduced manner. Additionally, the use of overlaminations formed from substantially the same material as the body of the shovel shell components themselves results in a reduction in the risk of structural failures along the line between components, due to stiffness levels and material properties substantially identical between the housing components and the joint material.

La invención no se limita a la realización descrita en el presente documento, y puede modificarse o adaptarse sin alejarse del alcance de las reivindicaciones adjuntas. The invention is not limited to the embodiment described herein, and can be modified or adapted without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (14)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. Método de fabricación de al menos una parte de una pala de turbina eólica, en el que el método comprende las etapas de:1. Method of manufacturing at least a part of a wind turbine blade, in which the method comprises the steps of: proporcionar una primera carcasa (24) de pala que tiene un primer borde,providing a first blade housing (24) having a first edge, proporcionar una segunda carcasa (26) de pala que tiene un segundo borde, yproviding a second blade housing (26) having a second edge, and unir dicha primera carcasa de pala a dicha segunda carcasa de pala a lo largo de al menos una parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde al proporcionar una sobrelaminación (76) que se extiende entre dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde, en el que dicha sobrelaminación se aplica a superficies externas de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde, yjoining said first blade shell to said second blade shell along at least a portion of said first edge and said second edge by providing an overlamination (76) extending between said first edge and said second edge, in which said overlamination is applied to external surfaces of said first edge and said second edge, and caracterizado porque dicha unión se realiza sin un adhesivo estructural, en el que a lo largo de al menos una parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde dichas carcasas de pala se unen usando únicamente la sobrelaminación.characterized in that said joint is made without a structural adhesive, in which at least a part of said first edge and said second edge said blade housings are joined using only overlamination. 2. Método según la reivindicación 1, en el que dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda se disponen en donde se define un rebaje en la superficie de contacto entre dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde, y en donde se recibe dicha sobrelaminación al menos parcialmente dentro de dicho rebaje.2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said first and second blade housings are arranged wherein a recess in the contact surface between said first edge and said second edge is defined, and wherein said overlamination is received at least partially within said recess. 3. Método de fabricación de al menos una parte de una pala de turbina eólica tal como se reivindica en cualquier reivindicación anterior, en el que el método comprende las etapas de:3. Method of manufacturing at least a part of a wind turbine blade as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the method comprises the steps of: proporcionar una primera carcasa de pala que tiene una primera sección que se estrecha a lo largo de al menos una parte de un borde de dicha primera carcasa;providing a first shovel housing having a first section that narrows along at least a portion of an edge of said first housing; proporcionar una segunda carcasa de pala que tiene una segunda sección que se estrecha a lo largo de al menos una parte de un borde de dicha segunda carcasa;providing a second blade carcass having a second section that narrows along at least a portion of an edge of said second carcass; juntar dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda de manera que dicha primera sección que se estrecha hace tope contra dicha segunda sección que se estrecha para formar un canal de rebaje ubicado a lo largo de un límite entre los bordes de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda; yjoining said first and second blade housings so that said first narrowing section abuts against said second section that narrows to form a recess channel located along a boundary between the edges of said first and second shovel housings ; Y aplicar un material laminado en dicho canal de rebaje para unir dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.applying a laminated material in said recess channel to join said first and second blade housings. 4. Método según la reivindicación 3, en el que dicho material laminado se dispone para rellenar sustancialmente dicho canal de rebaje.4. Method according to claim 3, wherein said laminated material is arranged to substantially fill said recess channel. 5. Método según la reivindicación 3 o la reivindicación 4, en el que dichas secciones que se estrechan primera y segunda se ubican a lo largo de los bordes de ataque de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda respectivas. 5. Method according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein said first and second narrowing sections are located along the leading edges of said respective first and second blade housings. 6. Método según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 3-5, en el que dichas secciones que se estrechan primera y segunda se ubican a lo largo de los bordes de salida respectivos de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda, preferiblemente los bordes de salida adyacentes a los extremos de base de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.Method according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein said first and second narrowing sections are located along the respective exit edges of said first and second blade housings, preferably adjacent outlet edges. to the base ends of said first and second blade housings. 7. Método según cualquier reivindicación anterior, en el que el método comprende la etapa de proporcionar un material laminado o una sobrelaminación formada sustancialmente a partir del mismo material que dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.7. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the method comprises the step of providing a laminated material or an overlamination formed substantially from the same material as said first and second blade housings. 8. Método según cualquier reivindicación anterior, en el que dicha etapa de proporcionar una sobrelaminación o aplicar un material laminado comprende:A method according to any preceding claim, wherein said step of providing an overlamination or applying a laminated material comprises: colocar al menos una capa de material fibroso a lo largo de al menos una parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda, preferiblemente en dicho canal de rebaje; infusionar dicha al menos una capa de material fibroso con una resina; yplacing at least one layer of fibrous material along at least a portion of said first edge and said second edge of said first and second blade housings, preferably in said recess channel; infusing said at least one layer of fibrous material with a resin; Y curar dicha resina para unir dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.curing said resin to join said first and second blade housings. 9. Pala de turbina eólica que comprende: 9. Wind turbine blade comprising: una primera carcasa (24) de pala, ya first blade housing (24), and una segunda carcasa de pala (26),a second shovel housing (26), en la que, para al menos una parte de un límite entre dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda, dichas partes de carcasa de pala primera y segunda se unen mediante una sobrelaminación (76) sin el uso de un adhesivo estructural, en el que a lo largo de al menos una parte de dicho primer borde y dicho segundo borde dichas carcasas de pala se unen usando únicamente la sobrelaminación, y en el que dicha sobrelaminación se aplica a superficies externas de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.wherein, for at least a part of a boundary between said first and second blade housings, said first and second shovel housing parts are joined by an overlamination (76) without the use of a structural adhesive, in which a along at least a part of said first edge and said second edge said blade housings are joined using only the overlamination, and wherein said overlamination is applied to external surfaces of said first and second blade housings. 10. Pala de turbina eólica según la reivindicación 9, que comprende:10. Wind turbine blade according to claim 9, comprising: una primera carcasa de pala que tiene una primera sección que se estrecha a lo largo de al menos una parte de un borde de dicha primera carcasa; ya first shovel housing having a first section that narrows along at least a portion of an edge of said first housing; Y una segunda carcasa de pala que tiene una segunda sección que se estrecha a lo largo de al menos una parte de un borde de dicha segunda carcasa,a second shovel housing having a second section that narrows along at least a portion of an edge of said second housing, en la que dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda se disponen de manera que dicha primera sección que se estrecha hace tope contra dicha segunda sección que se estrecha para formar un canal de rebaje ubicado a lo largo de un límite entre los bordes de dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda, ywherein said first and second blade housings are arranged such that said first section that narrows abuts against said second section that narrows to form a recess channel located along a boundary between the edges of said carcasses of first and second shovel, and en la que la pala de turbina eólica comprende además un material laminado ubicado en dicho canal de rebaje, uniendo dicho material laminado dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.wherein the wind turbine blade further comprises a laminated material located in said recess channel, said laminated material joining said first and second blade housings. 11. Pala de turbina eólica según la reivindicación 9 o reivindicación 10, en la que dicho material laminado o dicha sobrelaminación está formada a partir de sustancialmente el mismo material que dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda.11. Wind turbine blade according to claim 9 or claim 10, wherein said laminated material or said overlamination is formed from substantially the same material as said first and second blade housings. 12. Pala de turbina eólica según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9-11, en la que la pala de turbina eólica comprende un canal de rebaje que se extiende a lo largo de al menos una parte del borde de ataque de dicha pala de turbina eólica, preferiblemente a lo largo de sustancialmente todo el borde de ataque, en la que un material laminado se ubica en el canal de rebaje de borde de ataque y une dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda a lo largo de dicha al menos una parte del borde de ataque de dicha pala de turbina eólica.12. Wind turbine blade according to any one of claims 9-11, wherein the wind turbine blade comprises a recess channel that extends along at least a portion of the leading edge of said wind turbine blade , preferably along substantially the entire leading edge, in which a laminated material is located in the leading edge recess channel and joins said first and second blade housings along said at least part of the edge of attack of said wind turbine blade. 13. Pala de turbina eólica según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9-12, en la que la pala de turbina eólica comprende un canal de rebaje que se extiende a lo largo de al menos una parte del borde de salida de la pala de turbina eólica, en el que un material laminado ubicado en el canal de rebaje de borde de salida une dichas carcasas de pala primera y segunda a lo largo de dicha al menos una parte del borde de salida de dicha pala de turbina eólica, preferiblemente en la región de base de la pala de turbina eólica.13. Wind turbine blade according to any one of claims 9-12, wherein the wind turbine blade comprises a recess channel extending along at least a part of the trailing edge of the wind turbine blade , wherein a laminated material located in the outlet edge recess channel joins said first and second blade housings along said at least a portion of the exit edge of said wind turbine blade, preferably in the region of base of the wind turbine blade. 14. Turbina eólica que comprende al menos una pala de turbina eólica tal como se reivindica en una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 9-13. 14. Wind turbine comprising at least one wind turbine blade as claimed in any one of claims 9-13.
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