ES2423186T3 - Fiber reinforced plastic structure and method to produce fiber reinforced plastic structure - Google Patents

Fiber reinforced plastic structure and method to produce fiber reinforced plastic structure Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2423186T3
ES2423186T3 ES09010467T ES09010467T ES2423186T3 ES 2423186 T3 ES2423186 T3 ES 2423186T3 ES 09010467 T ES09010467 T ES 09010467T ES 09010467 T ES09010467 T ES 09010467T ES 2423186 T3 ES2423186 T3 ES 2423186T3
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resin
felt
fiber reinforced
reinforced plastic
plastic structure
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Spanish (es)
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Erik Grove-Nielsen
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/02—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B32B17/04—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres in the form of fibres or filaments bonded with or embedded in a plastic substance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y10T428/24995—Two or more layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
    • Y10T428/31515—As intermediate layer

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  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra, - en la que la estructura comprende al menos dos elementos individuales, que se usan para constituir laforma de la estructura, - en el que los dos elementos adyacentes se conectan por medio de sus superficies de contacto medianteun pegamento o resina aplicado, caracterizada porque - un fieltro se ubicado entre las superficies de contacto antes de usar el pegamento o resina para conectarlos elementos, y - el fieltro comprende fibras cortadas, que se orientan de manera aleatoria.Fiber reinforced plastic structure, - in which the structure comprises at least two individual elements, which are used to constitute the shape of the structure, - in which the two adjacent elements are connected by means of their contact surfaces by means of a glue or resin applied, characterized in that - a felt is located between the contact surfaces before using the glue or resin to connect elements, and - the felt comprises cut fibers, which are randomly oriented.

Description

Estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra y método para producir la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra. Fiber reinforced plastic structure and method to produce the fiber reinforced plastic structure.

La invención se refiere a una estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra y a un método para producir la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra, usándose al menos dos elementos para constituir la forma de la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra. The invention relates to a fiber reinforced plastic structure and a method for producing the fiber reinforced plastic structure, at least two elements being used to constitute the shape of the fiber reinforced plastic structure.

Se conoce constituir una pala de turbina eólica por ejemplo mediante el uso de materiales laminados reforzados con fibra. Los materiales laminados reforzados con fibra pueden consistir en fieltros de hebras cortadas (CSM) o en fieltros de material textil tejido (como mallas intercaladas multiaxiales), en preformas unidireccionales reforzadas con hilos de urdimbre, en haces de mechas individuales o unidas y en cualquier material de fibra conocido como vidrio, Kevlar, carbono o cáñamo. It is known to constitute a wind turbine blade for example through the use of fiber reinforced laminated materials. Fiber-reinforced laminated materials may consist of felts of cut strands (CSM) or woven of woven textile material (such as multiaxial interleaved meshes), in unidirectional preforms reinforced with warp threads, in bundles of individual or joined wicks and in any material of fiber known as glass, Kevlar, carbon or hemp.

El refuerzo con fibra puede complementarse con componentes prefabricados. Por ejemplo inserciones de fibra de vidrio, varillas realizadas por pultrusión, etc. Fiber reinforcement can be complemented with prefabricated components. For example fiberglass inserts, pultrusion rods, etc.

El refuerzo con fibra puede combinarse incluso con materiales de núcleo de sándwich como madera de balsa, espuma o estructura de nido de abeja. Fiber reinforcement can be combined even with sandwich core materials such as balsa wood, foam or honeycomb structure.

Una pala de turbina eólica está constituida por varias capas en una denominada pila de material laminado. La estructura comprende materiales laminados de plástico apilados, componentes o elementos premoldeados u otras estructuras de plástico reforzado con fibra. A wind turbine blade consists of several layers in a so-called pile of laminated material. The structure comprises stacked plastic laminated materials, precast components or elements or other fiber reinforced plastic structures.

Se usa un molde inferior para portar la estructura de pala principal, mientras que se usa un molde superior para encerrar la estructura tridimensional de la pala, junto con el molde inferior. Los moldes conectados se evacuan mediante aire mientras que un material de matriz líquido (como la resina) se infunde posteriormente en el molde. A lower mold is used to carry the main blade structure, while an upper mold is used to enclose the three-dimensional structure of the blade, along with the lower mold. The connected molds are evacuated by air while a liquid matrix material (such as resin) is subsequently infused into the mold.

La resina se cura, mientras que este proceso se consigue aplicando presión y temperatura a la estructura encerrada. Esta clase de proceso se denomina “método de transferencia de resina asistido por vacío, VARTM”. The resin is cured, while this process is achieved by applying pressure and temperature to the enclosed structure. This kind of process is called "vacuum assisted resin transfer method, VARTM".

Una estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra comprende elementos individuales. Estos elementos individuales pueden comprender materiales laminados reforzados con fibra, trozos de madera de balsa y/u otros elementos premoldeados. Los elementos individuales tienen que conectarse. A fiber reinforced plastic structure comprises individual elements. These individual elements may comprise fiber reinforced laminated materials, pieces of balsa wood and / or other precast elements. The individual elements have to be connected.

Para la conexión los elementos individuales se disponen de una forma deseada y se conectan mediante la ayuda de pegamento, que se aplica a las superficies de contacto de elementos adyacentes. For connection, the individual elements are arranged in a desired way and connected by means of glue, which is applied to the contact surfaces of adjacent elements.

Es posible conectar los elementos individuales usando el VARTM, mientras que se usa resina como material de matriz. It is possible to connect the individual elements using the VARTM, while resin is used as matrix material.

También es posible usar pegamento para conectar los elementos individuales. It is also possible to use glue to connect the individual elements.

Si los elementos se conectan por resina o pegamento una conexión de unión resultante muestra sólo un denominado “valor de resistencia al cizallamiento interlaminar, valor ILSS” bajo. If the elements are connected by resin or glue a resulting joint connection shows only a so-called "interlaminar shear strength value, ILSS value" low.

Este es el caso especialmente cuando las superficies de contacto de los elementos son lisas. This is especially the case when the contact surfaces of the elements are smooth.

A menudo se produce una denominada “rotura por cizallamiento” entre las superficies lisas, propagándose de este modo una rotura a lo largo de una línea de pegamento resultante. Esto debilita la estructura resultante. Often a so-called "shear breakage" occurs between smooth surfaces, thereby spreading a break along a line of resulting glue. This weakens the resulting structure.

Para reducir este efecto se conoce usar un pegamento, que contiene una carga. Por ejemplo se usa una denominada “carga de mineral” o una “carga en forma de aguja”. To reduce this effect it is known to use a glue, which contains a load. For example, a so-called "ore charge" or a "needle-shaped charge" is used.

Esta clase de pegamento se basa en una resina epoxídica de dos componentes o se basa en un sistema de poliuretano. También es posible que se base en poliéster insaturado, al que se añade un agente de curado. This kind of glue is based on a two component epoxy resin or is based on a polyurethane system. It is also possible that it is based on unsaturated polyester, to which a curing agent is added.

Una desventaja de este pegamento basado en una carga es que su aplicación se produce en forma de engrudo de pegamento. Esto a menudo crea vacíos y burbujas de aire a lo largo de la línea de pegamento, conduciendo a una formación de grietas. A disadvantage of this glue based on a load is that its application occurs in the form of glue paste. This often creates voids and air bubbles along the glue line, leading to cracking.

A menudo un engrudo de pegamento dará como resultado una línea de pegamento frágil y una línea de pegamento, que muestra grietas. Often a glue paste will result in a fragile glue line and a glue line, which shows cracks.

El documento KR 10-0759595B1 da a conocer un método para fabricar un material compuesto híbrido de fibra de carbono y de vidrio para una pala de turbina eólica. El método se proporciona para aumentar la rigidez y resistencia alineando fibras de carbono en el centro del material compuesto híbrido de fibra de carbono y de vidrio y para disminuir la densidad un 10%. El método comprende las etapas de: tratar la fibra de vidrio y fibra de carbono con un agente de desmoldeo mediante el VARTM (moldeo por transferencia de resina asistido por vacío) y conformar el material compuesto colocando la fibra de carbono en una capa intermedia y apilando la fibra de vidrio en capas superiores e inferiores con el mismo grosor en un molde seco. Document KR 10-0759595B1 discloses a method for manufacturing a hybrid composite material of carbon fiber and glass for a wind turbine blade. The method is provided to increase stiffness and strength by aligning carbon fibers at the center of the hybrid composite fiberglass and glass and to decrease the density by 10%. The method comprises the steps of: treating the fiberglass and carbon fiber with a release agent using the VARTM (vacuum assisted resin transfer molding) and forming the composite material by placing the carbon fiber in an intermediate layer and stacking the fiberglass in upper and lower layers with the same thickness in a dry mold.

El objetivo de la invención es proporcionar una estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra mejorada y un método para producirla. The object of the invention is to provide an improved fiber reinforced plastic structure and a method of producing it.

Este objetivo se resuelve mediante las características de la reivindicación 1 y la reivindicación 9. Otras realizaciones de la invención son objeto de las reivindicaciones dependientes. This objective is met by the features of claim 1 and claim 9. Other embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Según la invención la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra comprende al menos dos elementos individuales. Los elementos se usan para constituir la forma de la estructura. Los dos elementos adyacentes se conectan por medio de sus superficies de contacto mediante un pegamento o resina aplicado. Un fieltro se ubica entre las superficies de contacto antes de usar el pegamento o resina para conectar los elementos. El fieltro comprende fibras cortadas, que se orientan de manera aleatoria. According to the invention, the fiber reinforced plastic structure comprises at least two individual elements. The elements are used to constitute the shape of the structure. The two adjacent elements are connected by means of their contact surfaces by means of a glue or resin applied. A felt is placed between the contact surfaces before using the glue or resin to connect the elements. The felt comprises cut fibers, which are randomly oriented.

De este modo el fieltro usado es un denominado “fieltro de hebras cortadas, CSM”. In this way the felt used is a so-called "felt of cut strands, CSM".

La orientación aleatoria de las fibras en el fieltro impide la formación y propagación de grietas en una trayectoria no interrumpida en la zona de conexión. De este modo se consigue una conexión fuerte y robusta de los elementos, que es una gran ventaja en comparación con la técnica anterior, en la que dos superficies se conectan mediante el uso de engrudo de pegamento o similar y en la que es probable que se formen y desarrollen grietas en una trayectoria no interrumpida. The random orientation of the fibers in the felt prevents the formation and propagation of cracks in an uninterrupted path in the connection zone. In this way a strong and robust connection of the elements is achieved, which is a great advantage compared to the prior art, in which two surfaces are connected by using glue paste or the like and in which it is likely that form and develop cracks in an uninterrupted path.

En una realización preferida se usa la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra para constituir una pala de una turbina eólica preferiblemente. In a preferred embodiment, the fiber reinforced plastic structure is preferably used to form a blade of a wind turbine.

El pegamento o resina se aplica mediante la ayuda del método VART conocido en una realización preferida. The glue or resin is applied by means of the VART method known in a preferred embodiment.

Es posible aplicar el método VART a los elementos de la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra para crear una única estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra reforzada. It is possible to apply the VART method to the elements of the fiber reinforced plastic structure to create a single reinforced fiber reinforced plastic structure.

También es posible disponer los elementos de la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra junto con otros componentes de una pala de turbina eólica por ejemplo en moldes y aplicar el método VART a toda la estructura de pala. De este modo los elementos de la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra se integran en la estructura de sándwich de pala. Los elementos se conectan entre sí y también se conectan con los otros componentes usados de la pala aplicando un único proceso de VARTM a toda la pala. It is also possible to arrange the elements of the fiber reinforced plastic structure together with other components of a wind turbine blade for example in molds and apply the VART method to the entire blade structure. In this way the elements of the fiber reinforced plastic structure are integrated into the sandwich sandwich structure. The elements are connected to each other and also connected to the other used blade components by applying a single VARTM process to the entire blade.

En una realización preferida el fieltro comprende fibras que están realizadas de un material laminado preimpregnado, un denominado “prepreg”. Con este fin se impregnan fibras de vidrio, fibras de carbono u otras posibles fibras con una resina epoxídica, mientras que la resina está destinada a curarse a una temperatura predeterminada. In a preferred embodiment the felt comprises fibers that are made of a prepreg laminated material, a so-called "prepreg." For this purpose glass fibers, carbon fibers or other possible fibers are impregnated with an epoxy resin, while the resin is intended to cure at a predetermined temperature.

Debido a la invención se obtiene una unión por pegamento con una calidad alta. La unión por pegamento muestra una “resistencia al cizallamiento interlaminar, ILSS” muy alta. Due to the invention, a high quality glue bond is obtained. The glue joint shows a very high "interlaminar shear strength, ILSS".

Según la invención el fieltro usado comprende fibras cortadas con una orientación aleatoria. El fieltro se impregna con resina epoxídica y se sitúa en una zona de unión entre dos elementos o partes. De este modo se consigue una buena zona de unión con un valor ILSS mejorado. According to the invention the felt used comprises fibers cut with a random orientation. The felt is impregnated with epoxy resin and is placed in a joint area between two elements or parts. In this way a good junction zone is achieved with an improved ILSS value.

En una realización preferida las fibras orientadas de manera aleatoria muestran una longitud de 5 mm a 50 mm, mientras que se impregnan con una resina epoxídica termocurable. In a preferred embodiment, the randomly oriented fibers show a length of 5 mm to 50 mm, while they are impregnated with a thermosetting epoxy resin.

Debido a la invención también es posible controlar el grosor y la calidad de la zona de unión de manera muy sencilla. Como el material de CSM preimpregnado se usa como un fieltro, se reducen las burbujas de aire y los vacíos a lo largo de la línea de unión o dentro de la zona de unión. Due to the invention it is also possible to control the thickness and quality of the joint zone very easily. Since the preimpregnated CSM material is used as a felt, air bubbles and voids along the joint line or within the joint zone are reduced.

La invención se describirá en más detalle mediante la ayuda de algunos dibujos. The invention will be described in more detail by means of some drawings.

La figura 1 muestra diferentes tipos de disposiciones de fibras que se usan para constituir una estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra, Figure 1 shows different types of fiber arrangements that are used to constitute a fiber reinforced plastic structure,

la figura 2 muestra una posibilidad de producir un fieltro que se usa según la invención, Figure 2 shows a possibility of producing a felt that is used according to the invention,

la figura 3 muestra una sección transversal de una pala, que comprende varios elementos, que están conectados según la invención, Figure 3 shows a cross section of a blade, comprising several elements, which are connected according to the invention,

la figura 4 muestra un método para usar el fieltro según la invención durante un proceso de producción de palas. La figura 1A muestra un material 1 laminado unidireccional, que comprende varias fibras, que están alineadas en una dirección paralela. El material laminado muestra por tanto una rigidez específica alta a lo largo de su longitud. Figure 4 shows a method for using the felt according to the invention during a blade production process. Figure 1A shows a unidirectional laminated material 1, comprising several fibers, which are aligned in A parallel direction The laminated material therefore shows a high specific stiffness along its length.

El material 1 laminado muestra una superficie muy lisa, que podría conducir a un valor de resistencia al cizallamiento The laminated material 1 shows a very smooth surface, which could lead to a shear strength value

interlaminar alterado para una conexión por pegamento al material 1 laminado final. La figura 1B muestra un material 2 laminado multidireccional, que comprende un primer número de fibras, que están alineadas en una dirección de 0º. Un segundo número de fibras se controlan alineadas en una dirección de +45º mientras que un tercer número de fibras se controlan alineadas en una dirección de -45º. interlaminar altered for a glue connection to the final laminated material 1. Figure 1B shows a multidirectional laminated material 2, comprising a first number of fibers, which are aligned in a 0 ° direction. A second number of fibers are controlled aligned in a direction of + 45º while a third number of fibers are controlled aligned in a direction of -45 °.

El material 2 laminado resultante muestra una rigidez específica mejorada en las direcciones relevantes 0º, +45º y The resulting laminated material 2 shows an improved specific stiffness in the relevant directions 0 °, + 45 ° and

45º. El material 2 laminado muestra una superficie muy lisa, que podría conducir a un valor de resistencia al cizallamiento interlaminar alterado para una conexión por pegamento al material 2 laminado final. 45º. The laminated material 2 shows a very smooth surface, which could lead to a shear strength value interlaminar altered for a glue connection to the final laminated material 2.

La figura 1C muestra un material 3 laminado, que comprende fibras cortadas orientadas de manera aleatoria. Estas Figure 1C shows a laminated material 3, comprising randomly oriented cut fibers. These

fibras forman un fieltro. Según la invención el fieltro se ubicará especialmente entre superficies lisas de dos elementos adyacentes y en algunos casos prefabricados. fibers form a felt. According to the invention the felt will be located especially between smooth surfaces of two adjacent elements and in Some prefabricated cases.

Este fieltro se denomina “fieltro de hebras cortadas, CSM”. La figura 2 muestra una posibilidad de producir un fieltro que se usa según la invención. Las fibras 4 cortadas cortas se ponen sobre un soporte, mientras que las fibras 4 muestran una orientación aleatoria. Las fibras 4 se combinan con una resina 5 termocurable. Las fibras 4 y la resina se guían entre dos elementos 6 rotativos, que se usan para crear el fieltro, que se usa para la This felt is called "felt of cut strands, CSM". Figure 2 shows a possibility of producing a felt that is used according to the invention. The short cut fibers 4 are placed on a support, while the fibers 4 show a random orientation. The fibers 4 are combined with a thermosetting resin 5. The fibers 4 and the resin are guided between two rotating elements 6, which are used to create the felt, which is used for the

invención. Por ejemplo se aplica presión a las fibras y la resina combinadas. En una realización preferida se aplica también un forro protector de plástico en cada lado del fieltro (no mostrado en invention. For example, pressure is applied to the combined fibers and resin. In a preferred embodiment a plastic protective liner is also applied on each side of the felt (not shown in

detalle). Este producto se conoce como “prepreg”. detail). This product is known as "prepreg".

El forro de plástico se usa para proteger el fieltro, mientras esté almacenado. Los forros se retiran más tarde, cuando va a usarse el fieltro. Debido a esto se crea un fieltro L o material laminado preimpregnado, que comprende fibras 4 cortadas de manera The plastic lining is used to protect the felt while it is stored. The liners are removed later, when the felt is to be used. Because of this, a felt L or prepreg laminated material is created, comprising fibers 4 cut in a manner

corta y orientadas de manera aleatoria y la resina 5, mientras que el fieltro L se sella mediante forros de plástico de protección. La figura 3 muestra una sección transversal de una pala BL, que comprende varios elementos, que se conectan según la invención. randomly cut and oriented and resin 5, while felt L is sealed by protective plastic liners. Figure 3 shows a cross section of a BL blade, comprising several elements, which are connected according to the invention.

Por ejemplo una viga 7 premoldeada se ubica en el medio de la pala BL, mientras que dos carcasas 8a, 8b de pala For example, a pre-molded beam 7 is located in the middle of the BL blade, while two blade housings 8a, 8b

premoldeadas forman una forma externa de la pala BL. Una carcasa 8a de pala inferior tiene que conectarse con una carcasa 8b de pala superior. Según la invención unos fieltros 9 preimpregnados se ubican entre las dos carcasas 8a, 8b. Pre-molded forms an external shape of the BL blade. A lower blade housing 8a has to be connected with an upper blade housing 8b. According to the invention about 9 preimpregnated felts are located between the two housings 8a, 8b.

Por consiguiente la viga 7 premoldeada tiene que conectarse con la carcasa 8a de pala inferior y la carcasa 8b de pala superior. Según la invención los fieltros 9 preimpregnados se ubican entre las dos carcasas 8a, 8b y la viga 7 premoldeada. Therefore, the pre-molded beam 7 has to be connected with the lower blade housing 8a and the upper blade housing 8b. According to the invention the preimpregnated felts 9 are located between the two housings 8a, 8b and the pre-molded beam 7.

En una realización preferida los fieltros de prepreg de CSM usados se sitúan mediante un dispositivo de robot o a mano en las posiciones dedicadas. Todas las partes de la pala BL se presionan conjuntamente y puede aplicarse un vacío para efectuar la conexión. In a preferred embodiment the used CSM prepreg felts are placed by a robot device or a Hand in dedicated positions. All parts of the BL blade are pressed together and a vacuum can be applied to make the connection.

A continuación se aplica calor a la estructura, de este modo se permite que la resina aplicada del fieltro se cure. De este modo los fieltros de prepreg de CSM aplicados conectan las partes descritas de la pala BL, tal como se muestra como la pala 10 completada en el lado derecho de la figura 3. Heat is then applied to the structure, thus the resin applied to the felt is allowed to cure. In this way the applied CSM prepreg felts connect the described portions of the BL blade, as shown as the blade 10 completed on the right side of Figure 3.

La figura 4 muestra un método para usar el fieltro según la invención durante un proceso de producción de palas. La pala se muestra en una vista en sección transversal. Figure 4 shows a method for using the felt according to the invention during a blade production process. The blade is shown in a cross-sectional view.

Varios materiales laminados de fibra secos se sitúan en un molde 12 inferior, formando una estructura principal seca de la pala. Several dried fiber laminate materials are placed in a lower mold 12, forming a dry main structure of the blade.

Adicionalmente pueden colocarse otros componentes sobre el molde 12 inferior para formar una forma tridimensional de la pala. Estos componentes pueden comprender por ejemplo materiales laminados o fieltros secos, componentes prefabricados o capas de madera de balsa, etc. Additionally, other components may be placed on the lower mold 12 to form a three-dimensional blade shape. These components may comprise for example laminated materials or dry felts, prefabricated components or layers of balsa wood, etc.

La vista en sección transversal de la pala en la figura 4 muestra a modo de ejemplo una red como componente adicional, ubicándose la red en una sección intermedia de la pala en una posición vertical. The cross-sectional view of the blade in Figure 4 shows by way of example a net as an additional component, the net being located in an intermediate section of the blade in an upright position.

Según la invención los fieltros de CSM se ubican entre las superficies relevantes de los componentes adyacentes. According to the invention, CSM felts are located between the relevant surfaces of adjacent components.

Otro número de materiales 13 laminados de fibra secos, que sujetan el resto del material laminado de pala seco, tienen que situarse encima de de la estructura de pala principal. Another number of dry fiber laminated materials 13, which hold the rest of the dry blade laminate material, have to be placed above the main blade structure.

Para esto se usa un molde 11 superior. Mientras que el molde 11 superior se sitúa en el suelo con su concavidad en el sentido hacia arriba, un forro 14 de vacío que comprende un capa de prepreg de CSM se sitúa para cubrir los materiales 13 laminados de fibra secos. For this a top mold 11 is used. While the upper mold 11 is placed on the ground with its concavity in the upward direction, a vacuum liner 14 comprising a CSM prepreg layer is positioned to cover the dry fiber laminated materials 13.

Se aplica un vacío bajo el forro 14 y así es posible levantar el molde 11 superior con la pila de material 13 laminado de refuerzo y hacerlo rotar alrededor de su eje longitudinal, permitiéndole situarse de manera precisa sobre el molde 12 inferior. A vacuum is applied under the liner 14 and thus it is possible to lift the upper mold 11 with the stack of reinforcing laminated material 13 and rotate it around its longitudinal axis, allowing it to be precisely positioned on the lower mold 12.

El molde 11 superior y el molde 12 inferior se conectan. The upper mold 11 and the lower mold 12 are connected.

Todas las partes o componentes dentro de los moldes encerrados se presionan entre sí, puede aplicarse un vacío para obtener la estructura. All parts or components inside the enclosed molds are pressed together, a vacuum can be applied to obtain the structure.

Se aplica un vacío para el proceso de VARTM y se infunde resina en la estructura de pala. Posteriormente se aplica calor a los moldes para curar la resina y para curar el fieltro de prepreg de CSM para acabar la pala. A vacuum is applied to the VARTM process and resin is infused into the blade structure. Subsequently, heat is applied to the molds to cure the resin and to cure the CSM prepreg felt to finish the blade.

Claims (12)

REIVINDICACIONES 1. Estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra, 1. Fiber reinforced plastic structure,
--
en la que la estructura comprende al menos dos elementos individuales, que se usan para constituir la forma de la estructura,  in which the structure comprises at least two individual elements, which are used to constitute the shape of the structure,
--
en el que los dos elementos adyacentes se conectan por medio de sus superficies de contacto mediante un pegamento o resina aplicado,  in which the two adjacent elements are connected by means of their contact surfaces by means of a glue or resin applied,
caracterizada porque characterized because
--
un fieltro se ubicado entre las superficies de contacto antes de usar el pegamento o resina para conectar los elementos, y  a felt is located between the contact surfaces before using the glue or resin to connect the elements, and
--
el fieltro comprende fibras cortadas, que se orientan de manera aleatoria.  The felt comprises cut fibers, which are oriented randomly.
2. 2.
Estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra según la reivindicación 1, en la que la resina se aplica como pegamento al fieltro mediante la ayuda de un método de transferencia de resina asistido por vacío. Fiber reinforced plastic structure according to claim 1, wherein the resin is applied as a glue to the felt by means of a vacuum assisted resin transfer method.
3. 3.
Estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra según la reivindicación 1 o la reivindicación 2, en la que las fibras del fieltro están realizadas de un material laminado, que está impregnado con una resina epoxídica termocurable, estando la resina destinada a curarse a una temperatura predeterminada. Fiber reinforced plastic structure according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the felt fibers are made of a laminated material, which is impregnated with a thermosetting epoxy resin, the resin being cured at a predetermined temperature.
4. Four.
Estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra según la reivindicación 1, en la que las fibras del fieltro están realizadas de vidrio o carbono. Fiber reinforced plastic structure according to claim 1, wherein the felt fibers are made of glass or carbon.
5. 5.
Estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra según la reivindicación 1, en la que las fibras muestran una longitud individual de 5 mm a 50 m. Fiber reinforced plastic structure according to claim 1, wherein the fibers show an individual length of 5 mm to 50 m.
6. 6.
Método para constituir una estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra, Method to constitute a fiber reinforced plastic structure,
--
en el que al menos se utilizan dos elementos para constituir la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra,  in which at least two elements are used to constitute the fiber reinforced plastic structure,
--
se conectan dos elementos adyacentes por medio de sus superficies de contacto mediante un pegamento  two adjacent elements are connected by means of their contact surfaces by means of a glue
o resina aplicado, caracterizado porque or applied resin, characterized because
--
se usa un fieltro para conectar los elementos mediante la ayuda de una resina o pegamento, estando ubicado el fieltro entre las superficies de contacto antes de usar el pegamento o resina, y  a felt is used to connect the elements by means of a resin or glue, the felt being located between the contact surfaces before using the glue or resin, and
--
comprendiendo el fieltro fibras cortadas, que se orientan de manera aleatoria.  the felt comprising cut fibers, which are randomly oriented.
7. 7.
Método según la reivindicación 6, en el que se usa un método de transferencia de resina asistido por vacío para aplicar resina como pegamento al fieltro. Method according to claim 6, wherein a vacuum assisted resin transfer method is used to apply resin as glue to the felt.
8. 8.
Método según la reivindicación 6, en el que las fibras del fieltro se realizan de un material laminado, que se impregna con una resina epoxídica termocurable, estando la resina destinada a curar a una temperatura predeterminada. Method according to claim 6, wherein the felt fibers are made of a laminated material, which is impregnated with a thermosetting epoxy resin, the resin being intended to cure at a predetermined temperature.
9. 9.
Método según la reivindicación 6, en el que las fibras del fieltro se realizan de vidrio o carbono. Method according to claim 6, wherein the felt fibers are made of glass or carbon.
10. 10.
Método según la reivindicación 6, en el que las fibras muestran una longitud individual de 5 mm a 50 m. Method according to claim 6, wherein the fibers show an individual length of 5 mm to 50 m.
11. eleven.
Método según una de las reivindicaciones 6 a 10, Method according to one of claims 6 to 10,
--
en el que se usa la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra para constituir una estructura de una pala de una turbina eólica,  in which the fiber reinforced plastic structure is used to constitute a structure of a wind turbine blade,
--
comprendiendo la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra una viga premoldeada y al menos dos carcasas de pala premoldeadas,  the fiber reinforced plastic structure comprising a pre-molded beam and at least two pre-molded blade housings,
--
ubicándose los fieltros entre las carcasas de pala y entre la viga y las carcasas de pala,  the felts being located between the shovel housings and between the beam and the shovel housings,
--
en el que se aplica el método de transferencia de resina asistido por vacío a la estructura de plástico  in which the vacuum assisted resin transfer method is applied to the plastic structure
reforzado con fibra. fiber reinforced
12. 12.
Método según una de las reivindicaciones 6 a 10, Method according to one of claims 6 to 10,
5 5
- en el que los elementos de la estructura de plástico reforzado con fibra, los fieltros para su conexión y - in which the elements of the fiber reinforced plastic structure, the felts for connection and
otros componentes de una pala de turbina eólica se disponen en una cavidad, que encierra la estructura de Other components of a wind turbine blade are arranged in a cavity, which encloses the structure of
pala, shovel,
- aplicándose la resina a la cavidad encerrada mediante la ayuda de un método de transferencia de resina - applying the resin to the enclosed cavity by means of a resin transfer method
10 10
asistido por vacío, vacuum assisted,
- de este modo los elementos, los fieltros y los componentes de la pala se conectan en una única etapa - in this way the elements, the felt and the components of the blade are connected in a single stage
mediante el método de transferencia de resina asistido por vacío aplicado. by the applied vacuum assisted resin transfer method.
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JP2011042170A (en) 2011-03-03
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