ES2692145A1 - Metallic generator electric module (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

The operation of the metallic generator electric module is based on the stable electrical production of a plurality of sacrificial anodes of common use submerged in an electrolyte composed of sea water or water and common salt inside of cells without membranes that separate the zone cathodic of the anodic so that the circular water driven by a hydraulic pump produces a kinetic of the electrolyte inside the electrodes, permanently renewing the elements that intervene in the process. The processes that are corrected in this invention avoid the drop of the electrical voltage by the physical effect called polarization and consequently it allows generating a permanent and profitable current using renewable elements such as seawater and metals. The metallic electrodes used in the cells can be replaced by new ones that replenish the original electrical capacity of the Electric Generator Metal Module, so that the operating life of this invention is virtually unlimited due to the long life of the device. the electrodes and plastic elements that make up this invention. The generated continuous electric current can be accumulated or transformed to alternating current for use in networks or microelectric networks. The polarization of the electrodes by concentration and by activation produces the voltage drops and the extrapolation of Tafel that are described in said physical law of Tafel. The problem solved by this invention for electrical production in this context is the effect termed polarization. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

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The solution in salt water (NaCI) produces particles called lones with positive charge (NA +) and negatives (CI-)

Metals store a lot of energy that is measurable according to Faraday's laws. In practice, almost all of them very common in nature are a source of non-polluting renewable energy such as aluminum, magnesium and zinc which, by oxidation, return to their state. natural to the environment like the rest of the metals that are not protected from corrosion.

The modules serve to extract the subatomic energy stored in the electronic layer of the atoms of the metals that make up the electrodes (4) by generating a kinetics of the electrolyte in closed circuit driven by a hydraulic pump between a tank (10) and the cells where the electrodes (8) are placed.

These cells contain a plurality of anodes and cathodes (4) interconnected in parallel without using separating membranes and using a single aqueous electrolyte such as seawater. The cells are connected with others in series to increase the intensity of the voltage and density of the electric current.

The polarization of the electrodes by concentration and by activation produces the voltage broths and extrapolation of Tafel described in said physical law of Tafel.

To correct or avoid the polarization described in order to keep the galvanic pair between two electrodes constant and stable, the electrolyte circulates entering and leaving the cell (30) (5) producing in its interior a turbulent flow as part of the process. This circulation of the fluid promotes the kinetics of the electronic transfer process by constantly renewing the surface and sinus concentrations in the electrodes and inside the cell by the movement of the body of water that makes up the aqueous electrolyte. Said forced convection produces movement of species contained in the electrolyte located on the surface of the electrodes by the action of the mechanical force generated by a hydraulic pump (22) that produces the movement and consequently, the constant evacuation in the electrolyte cell for that this flow maintains the optimal conditions to avoid the concentration gradients and the passive layer on the surface of the electrodes and in the electrolyte adjacent to them in order to avoid Tafel's unwanted behavior.

As described, the electrolyte is driven in a closed circuit from the cells to the collection tank (10) and from this tank a hydraulic pump drives it towards a filter, the limes, the hydrogen gas not bound to the one dissolved in water, the hydroxides arising from the electrodes and the rest of concentration gradients and impurities 5 produced during the electrochemical process (23) inside the cells whose atoms speak have been solvated in the electrolyte adjacent to the electrodes.

The filter that must contain inside it, preferably particles of glass once saturated, is reverted for self-cleaning (23) by the action of an automatic valve by pouring out a small part of the electrolyte accompanied by the accumulated impurities that return to the environment without contaminating being treated of water, salt and hydroxides of the metal used, for example aluminum.

Once consumed, the electrolyte is replaced by a water outlet (17) with salt dispenser (16) or directly by seawater, when the level of the tank is less than 25% of its capacity for the proper functioning of the electric generator , assuming the amount necessary for the self-cleaning process 2% of the total capacity of the tank, which means 37 self-cleaning cycles spaced in quarterly periods which gives the module a fairly long operating autonomy without replenishing water.

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During the process of aspiration of the electrolyte for its impulsion in closed circuit by the water intake of the hydraulic pump to be propelled towards the cells that contain the electrodes, the suction force of said pump is used so that by depression from a tube of Open air to the outside (19) aspirates and supplies atmospheric oxygen to the electrolyte that has been consumed during the oxidative process of the electrodes.

Another tube also sucks in the same way by aspiration the hydrogen gas H2 (20) that is generated and accumulates in the upper part of the cells (8) to integrate it back into the electrolyte and so on! eliminate the risk of explosion due to gas accumulation. This gas has been produced both in the voltaic cells and in the electrolytic cell (24) producing the CIO hypochlorite ion - as we will explain later.

The gases aspirated by the two tubes become incorporated into the electrolytic mass by mixing forced by the mechanical force of the internal mechanism of the hydraulic body of the pump (22) and its passage through the filter (23) promoting the process of linking the molecules of H2 hydrogen gas with atmospheric oxygen, producing H2o again.

A hose located in the upper part of the lower tank (18) evacuates the excess gases not used in the internal reaction of the process, such as water vapor, nitrogen and, driven by the air suction action itself (19). that has not been taken advantage of in the internal process.

Polarization is the main problem that exists for the electric generation by means of oxidizing reactions, reduction of electrodes of non-polluting or radioactive common metals such as aluminum, magnesium or zinc on the anodic side inside a galvanic cell using an electrolyte so common as is salt water H2o + NaCI or seawater.

Said polarization will occur without this invention due to a sequence of physical stages that generate lines that represent the decrease in electrical production and even the reversal of the polarity that is represented in graphs by means of lines according to the physical law called Tafel's conduct by what according to said physical law at the intersection of the lines no longer flows the current, even reversing the polarity.

The anodic and cathodic reaction in a corrosion process in this context creates a curve of reduction of the polarization galvanic torque that in practice eliminates the possibility of maintaining a constant and stable electronic flow inside a cell that allows to obtain an optimal electrical performance and permanent throughout the life of the electrodes.

The metallic electric generator module avoids the voltage booths represented in the Tafel graphs already described inside a voltaic cell (8) that shares anodes and cathodes (4) inside using an electrolyte common without separating membranes avoiding polarization allowing obtain an optimal and stable electrical performance, taking advantage of the potential of the galvanic torque over the entire life of the electrodes. Said useful life is calculated according to Faraday's law that determines the useful life of sacrificial anodes in salt water. One aspect that should be noted during prototype tests is that the performance of metals increases with electrical density. Higher intensity, higher performance.

Another element necessary to enhance the stable electrical production that helps eliminate the areas of immunity that occur in the metal electrodes of the cells and that we will intersperse in the closed water circuit preferably at the outlet of the hydraulic pump is an electrolytic cell (24), so that it supplies its electrodes with current

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continuous, allows starting from the Anion Chloride Cl "found in the common salt dissolved in the electrolyte the generation of the CIO hypochlorite Ion" Lon lon hypochlorite having a high oxidative power eliminates in the electrode called anode the areas of immunity and once performed its oxidative mission returns to its original state as Anion Chloride Cl '

In the cathode and coming from the anode, electrons arrive through the external metallic conductor. These negatively charged electrons, upon reaching the cathode-solution interface, combine with the positively charged hydrogen ions, H +, to form hydrogen gas, H2. When hydrogen ions are converted to gaseous hydrogen, when combined with electrons from the anode, an excess of OH ions is created in the vicinity of the cathode. This excess of OH ions - in addition to causing an insulating effect, increases the alkalinity of the water and, therefore, the pH of the electrolyte adjacent to the cathode.

To correct the increase in Ph that is produced, it is necessary to provide a weak acid by the action of a programmable automatic doser (26) with a tank (25), preferably orthophosphoric acid in proportions of less than 1/3000 which also has descaling properties that It contributes to the elimination of so-called limes, which adhere to the cathode and anode creating areas of immunity in addition to nullifying the passive layers of aluminum. These adhered lime are dissolved and the kinetics of the electrolyte are transported to a filter inserted in the closed circuit (23) for its elimination by the action of an automatic self-cleaning valve incorporated into the filter.

The increase in temperature in the electrolyte increases the electrical performance because it improves the effect on the surfaces of the orthophosphoric acid electrodes and consequently increases the electrical performance. To temporarily promote a programmed deep cleaning of the electrodes, the closed circuit is intercalated in the closed circuit preferably after the chlorination cell (24) the regulator of the Ph (26) a linear electric water heater (27) which will also be activated programmed for raise the electrolyte temperature if the temperature approaches the critical freezing point detected by a probe (13) when the module is exposed to low temperatures.

The factors noted above must take into consideration the resistance of the electrolyte that decreases as the percentage of sodium chloride increases, with the percentage of operation varying between four and forty grams per liter of water depending on the composition of the electrodes. This percentage is regulated in the salt dispenser interspersed at the inlet of the water that loads the tank (16).

In order to avoid voltage shortages due to internal short circuits caused by the interconnection of the cells due to the effect called the saline bridge, during the recirculation of the water the hydraulic connections of the cells to the closed circuit must be composed of hoses (7) connected to the holes of inlet and outlet of the electrolyte of the cells (5) said hose or tube having to have an appropriate length related to the degree of salinity of the electrolyte and the thickness of the tube to avoid a significant loss of the electrical production when reducing the conductivity of the electrolyte contained inside the hose proportionally to its length, so the problem is corrected. A small hole (6) produces when the water recirculation is interrupted so that the cells (8) go through a conduit (6) to the main tank to avoid possible auto corrosion due to metal impurities while the device is not in operation.

The alloy of the anodes that make up the electrodes (4) must be those standardized within the range of those used internationally in cathodic protection, depending on the salinity of the water, electrical capacity and voltage required.

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The performance of the electrodes (4) varies in terms of voltage and electrical capacity depending on its composition.

The electrodes of greater electrical capacity generate less voltage but the life of the electrodes is greater and their electrical performance in the long term, such as for example aluminum in standard GB4948 alloys that can work with a high degree of salinity greater than 10 grams / liter and less than 70 grams of salt per liter.

Alloy electrodes called AZ63, AZ31 are alloys of intermediate electrical capacity and generate a higher voltage than aluminum with a life of electrodes shorter than those of Aluminum with an acceptable electrical performance. They work with a salinity level greater than 10 grams / liter and less than 35 grams of salt per liter.

HP ASTM G-97 high-potential magnesium alloys are alloys of intermediate electrical capacity and generate the highest voltage with a shorter electrode life than the others with an acceptable electrical performance. They work with a salinity level greater than 4 grams / liter and less than 10 grams of salt per liter to prevent self corrosion by iron impurities in the alloy.

Zinc anodes weigh too much for their electrical performance, generate structural problems due to their excessive weight in the module and more quickly soil the filter that increases the cost of water for self-cleaning, so they are not recommended.

The generated direct current circulates through an electric conductor to an inverter / charger (31) and an alternating current distributor for its consumption (33), having an auxiliary electric accumulator (32) that is used for when the metal module Electric generator is not subject to external electrical demand and the battery is at full load, enter idle mode, stopping the described process of recirculation with the automatic emptying of the cells, returning to reactivate the operation once the programmer detects that the Auxiliary battery has consumed 50% of its load, being able to be inactive for indeterminate periods provided that the load of that starter battery does not decrease from the programmed level, being able to size said battery of minimum services and start up to a group of greater capacity to attend large consumption for certain periods of time depending on the capacity of the inverter (31), of generation electric d the module and the accumulative capacity of the batteries (32).

The maintenance of the metallic electric generator module is limited to checking once every two years the level of the PH regulator tank and salt for reposition.

The electrolyte replacement is done automatically. The module can be connected to a drinking, non-potable or salt water outlet (17) and a downspout (23) for the user's comfort.

This modular and linkable electric generator is a source of non-polluting electric energy and does not promote global warming by CO2 emissions.

Detailed description drawings

Figure 1 depicting the elevation of the metallic electric generator module with the three main elements that make up the structure.

Figure 2 depicting the basic structure of the cell and electrodes

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Figure 3 depicting a perspective where the position of the cells inside the intermediate module is observed.

Figure 4 depicting the operation diagram.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

According to Figure 1 which represents the elevation of the electric generator metal module with the three main elements that make up the structure divided into a lower tank for the electrolyte (3) intermediate tank containing the cells and electrodes (2) and upper tank containing the rest of the elements (l)

According to Figure 2 representing a cell (8) with its electrolyte outlet holes (5) discharge hose (7) cell drain hole (6) and perspective of an electrode

(4)

According to Figure 3 which represents a perspective where the intermediate tank (2) is observed open with the plurality of cells (8) located inside.

According to Figure 4, which represents an operation diagram showing a hydraulic retention valve (9) located at the bottom of the tank (3) connected to a tube (10) connected to a connector (21) of the pipes air and gas aspiration by depression (19) and (20) followed by a hydraulic pump (22) and a water filter that contains filter particles such as glass or silica with automatic cleaning valve and drain outlet to the outside (23) with an intercalated golden saline cell (24) and a pH regulator dispenser (26) with its tank (25) and a water heater (27) controlled by a temperature probe (13) and connected to a programmer (28) that is connected to all the elements by a cable (29) which in turn controls the solenoid valve that allows the electrolyte charge of the tank (15) as well as the emptying probes (12) and filling (14) of the tank (3) that has of a manual valve (11) to allow manual emptying of the tank for transport, with an entrance of the treated electrolyte to the cell through a conduit (30) that circulates said forced electrolyte inside the cell (8) between the electrodes (4) to exit through the overflows (5) and return again to the main deposit (3).

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1. Metallic module electric generator characterized by being a device that avoids the polarization of the electrodes by concentration and by activation that corrects the voltage and extrapolation broths that are described in the physical law of Tafel. It constitutes a closed circuit (Figure 4) through which a mass of water that contains dissolved electrolytes circulates and that said mass is driven by a hydraulic pump (22) in a closed circuit by circulating it through a plurality of cells (8) with electrodes (4) that generate a constant electric current by avoiding this invention and correcting during the water movement process the voltage broths that are reflected in the graphs of the polarization of the electrodes that normally occur according to said physical law. During the process the mass of water is filtered (23) with the contribution of atmospheric oxygen and the recovery of the hydrogen gas produced in the cells (21), so that the mass that circulates through the electrodes of an interleaved electrolytic cell (24 ) Starting from the Anion Chloride Cl 'that is in the electrolyte produces the CIO hypochlorite Ion. "The closed circuit integrates a metering device (26) that reduces the pH factor of the water and eliminates the limes, also providing a water heating mechanism interspersed (27).

2. Metal module electric generator according to claim 1 characterized by using as a PH regulator and orthophosphoric acid water softener.

3. Metal module electric generator according to claim 1 characterized by using as a cathode inside the cells a plurality of electrodes composed of graphite or sheets of graphene.

4. Metallic module electric generator according to claim 1 characterized by using as a cathode inside the cells a plurality of electrodes composed of stainless steel.

5. Metallic module electric generator according to claim 1 characterized by using as a anode inside the cells a plurality of electrodes composed mainly of aluminum in its alloy according to the stardard GB4948 type A11, A12, A13, A14 / A21, GAIII, DNV

6. Metallic module electric generator according to claim 1 characterized by using as a anode inside the cells a plurality of electrodes composed mainly of Magnesium in its alloy according to the standards ASTMB483, ASTMG97 in the alloys HP High potential and AZ63, AZ31, AZ91, WE43, ZK60, AZ40M, AZ41M, AZ61, AZ80, ME21, ZK61, MB26, WE54, WE94, ZM2, ZM3, ZM6.

7. Metallic module electric generator according to claim 1 characterized by using as a anode inside the cells a plurality of electrodes composed mainly of zinc in its alloy according to the standards ASTM B418-95 US MILL 18001K.

8. Metal module electric generator according to claim 1 characterized by using as a anode inside the cells a plurality of electrodes composed mainly of alloy according to the HB7264-96 standards.

9. Metal module electric generator according to claim 1 characterized by using a system consisting of a battery charger, a starter battery and a direct to alternating current inverter for external consumption.

Claims (1)

image 1 Figure 1