ES2688472B2 - Device for the evaluation of visual abilities - Google Patents
Device for the evaluation of visual abilities Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2688472B2 ES2688472B2 ES201800029A ES201800029A ES2688472B2 ES 2688472 B2 ES2688472 B2 ES 2688472B2 ES 201800029 A ES201800029 A ES 201800029A ES 201800029 A ES201800029 A ES 201800029A ES 2688472 B2 ES2688472 B2 ES 2688472B2
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- double
- switches
- visual
- central
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004433 ocular motility Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005043 peripheral vision Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000029091 Refraction disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004430 ametropia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013479 data entry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014733 refractive error Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000276 sedentary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004304 visual acuity Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/162—Testing reaction times
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/02—Subjective types, i.e. testing apparatus requiring the active assistance of the patient
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Social Psychology (AREA)
- Psychology (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- Developmental Disabilities (AREA)
- Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Description
DESCRPCIONDESCRPTION
Dispositivo para la evaluation de habilidades visuales.Device for the evaluation of visual abilities.
Sector de la tecnicaSector of the technique
La invention se encuadra dentro del sector tecnico de la Optometrla, mas concretamente se refiere a dispositivos y procedimientos para medir las habilidades visuales utilizadas en deportes de equipo e individuales con la mano.The invention fits within the technical sector of Optometrics, more specifically it refers to devices and procedures to measure the visual skills used in team sports and individual by hand.
Estado de la tecnicaState of the art
Las habilidades visuales son una serie de capacidades para las cuales se hace necesaria la concurrencia de la vision y el cuerpo, para ejecutar un movimiento simple o complejo de todo o de una parte del mismo. Es, por lo tanto, imprescindible la evaluation de los ojos de forma monocular o binocular en diferentes condiciones y controlando determinadas variables de tiempo, espacio, velocidad, destreza y amplitud entre otras. Entre estas habilidades visuales podemos enumerar la motilidad ocular, la memoria visual, la vision periferica, el tiempo de reaction, la coordination ojo-mano, la anticipation visual y la estereopsis o vision en relieve, como elementos imprescindibles en cualquier lance de la actividad deportiva. Unos ojos emetropes, es decir normales, combinados los dos, interactuando con el ambiente y en asociacion con el resto del cuerpo, pueden superar perfectamente un examen optometrico completo que incluya evaluation de la ametropia, funciones fisiologicas basicas, evaluation de la acomodacion y de la vision binocular. Sin embargo, las habilidades tanto flsicas como visuales dependen de estos factores optometricos basicos combinados con elementos externos en movimiento o de alta precision y de la preparation flsica del deportista. Alcanzar la mejor preparation y ser consciente de las propias capacidades y debilidades, para reducir estas ultimas a un valor proximo a cero, permite lograr el exito, medido muchas veces en milesimas de segundo. Solo cuando las propias capacidades superan a las del rival, en plena competition deportiva y a cualquier nivel, se alcanza el premio. Este exito es relativo y depende de multiples factores como la preparation flsica, la habilidad de superar al contrario, las lesiones, la alimentacion, la constancia, la edad, el contrincante, el nivel de la competicion, pero ademas es imprescindible tener una buena vision en la mayor parte de los deportes que se practican y habilidades visuales para alcanzar el objetivo de una forma mas precisa, entrenada y cuantificable en tiempos muy cortos.Visual abilities are a series of capacities for which the concurrence of the vision and the body is necessary, to execute a simple or complex movement of all or a part of it. It is, therefore, essential to evaluate the eyes in a monocular or binocular manner in different conditions and controlling certain variables of time, space, speed, dexterity and amplitude among others. Among these visual abilities we can enumerate the ocular motility, the visual memory, the peripheral vision, the reaction time, the eye-hand coordination, the visual anticipation and the stereopsis or vision in relief, as essential elements in any set of the sport activity . Emetrope eyes, ie normal, combined the two, interacting with the environment and in association with the rest of the body, can perfectly overcome a complete optometric examination that includes evaluation of the ametropia, basic physiological functions, evaluation of the accommodation and the binocular vision. However, both physical and visual abilities depend on these basic optometric factors combined with moving or high-precision external elements and the physical preparation of the athlete. Achieve the best preparation and be aware of their own capabilities and weaknesses, to reduce the latter to a value close to zero, allows to achieve success, often measured in thousands of seconds. Only when the own capacities surpass those of the rival, in full sport competition and at any level, the prize is reached. This success is relative and depends on multiple factors such as physical preparation, the ability to overcome the contrary, injuries, nutrition, perseverance, age, the opponent, the level of competition, but it is also essential to have a good vision in most of the sports that are practiced and visual skills to reach the objective in a more precise, trained and quantifiable way in very short times.
Si se comparan habilidades visuales individuales de un deportista de elite respecto a una persona sedentaria sin esas habilidades que el deportista desarrolla hasta los llmites permitidos para el ser humano, las diferencias en altos niveles de exigencia son muy significativas mientras que, si se rebajan estos estandares de superacion, estas diferencias se reducen, asl cuando medimos la agudeza visual monocular o binocular, pueden ocurrir incluso resultados contrarios a los supuestos por la actividad que cada uno realiza.If you compare the individual visual skills of an elite athlete with a sedentary person without those skills that the athlete develops up to the limits allowed for the human being, the differences in high levels of demand are very significant while, if these standards are lowered of overcoming, these differences are reduced, so when we measure the monocular or binocular visual acuity, even results contrary to the assumptions can occur due to the activity that each one performs.
Las habilidades visuales de mayor interes dependen, en parte, del deporte que se realiza, de su nivel de competition y de la position en el terreno de juego en deportes de equipo. Y en ese sentido las propuestas anteriores sintetizan las competencias de un buen deportista.The visual skills of greater interest depend, in part, on the sport that is performed, on their level of competition and on the playing field in team sports. And in that sense the previous proposals synthesize the skills of a good athlete.
Asl, la motilidad ocular, corresponde a la habilidad visual por la cual un ojo es capaz de seguir un objeto movil en cualquier direction dentro del campo visual del mismo. Esta habilidad visual requiere de una fisiologla determinada basada en la integridad del ojo, de la cavidad que lo abarca y de los 6 musculos extraoculares que lo mueven, ademas de otros componentes internos del ojo y su funcionalidad, basicamente. Se comprueba esta habilidad con dispositivos que incluyen camaras CCD o sensores infrarrojos que registran los movimientos efectuados y si se ajustan al movimiento parejo entre ojo y objeto seguido. Un ejemplo es el dispositivo descrito en la patente US6598971B2.Thus, ocular motility corresponds to the visual ability by which an eye is able to follow a moving object in any direction within the visual field thereof. This visual ability requires a certain physiology based on the integrity of the eye, the cavity that covers it and the 6 extraocular muscles that move it, in addition to other internal components of the eye and its functionality, basically. This ability is checked with devices that include CCD cameras or infrared sensors that record the movements made and if they adjust to the even movement between eye and object followed. An example is the device described in patent US6598971B2.
La memoria visual es una habilidad visual que permite relacionar la actividad de observation del ojo con la capacidad cerebral para retener la information percibida. Se valora esa capacidad de retener las imagenes que se perciben durante un lapso de tiempo muy corto y en una secuencia duradera, repetitiva o no, y con informacion mas o menos compleja. En la practica, cualquier secuencia de luces u objetos diferentes, en posiciones simples distinguidas del espacio, puede servir para valorar esta habilidad visual; as! se utiliza, entre otras pruebas, el test de reconocimiento WOM-REST o el test de recuperation VISMEM. La variation de estos elementos y la capacidad para recordarla hace que la memoria visual sea mas elevada. Esta habilidad visual permite retener informacion de los contrincantes en milesimas de segundo para capacitar al deportista a analizar la secuencia que utiliza el contrario y desbaratarle en todas las jugadas que le sea posible ganandole mas veces que su adversario.Visual memory is a visual ability that allows to relate the observation activity of the eye with the brain capacity to retain the perceived information. It is valued that ability to retain the images that are perceived during a very short period of time and in a lasting sequence, repetitive or not, and with more or less complex information. In practice, any sequence of lights or different objects, in simple positions distinguished from space, can serve to assess this visual ability; ace! the WOM-REST recognition test or the VISMEM recovery test is used among other tests. The variation of these elements and the ability to remember it makes the visual memory higher. This visual ability allows retaining information from the opponents in thousands of seconds to train the athlete to analyze the sequence used by the opponent and disrupt him in all the moves he can, winning more times than his opponent.
La vision periferica corresponde a los llmites del campo visual fundamentalmente de los dos ojos conjuntamente. Esta habilidad visual contribuye al desplazamiento del ser humano, de tal manera que, a mayor habilidad para detectar los llmites, mejor capacidad para desplazarse y favorecer, por tanto, las carreras en busca de un objeto o la perception del movimiento mas exterior. Se evalua con un camplmetro o dispositivos que muestran luces en los margenes del campo visual con una cadencia determinada en movimiento, preferentemente, como, por ejemplo, el perlmetro peristat AP-800 o dispositivos similares de cualquier casa comercial. The peripheral vision corresponds to the limits of the visual field, fundamentally of the two eyes together. This visual ability contributes to the displacement of the human being, in such a way that, the greater the ability to detect limits, the better the ability to move and thus favor careers in search of an object or the perception of the most external movement. It is evaluated with a camplimeter or devices that show lights in the margins of the visual field with a determined cadence in movement, preferably, as, for example, peristat peristat AP-800 or similar devices of any commercial house.
El tiempo de reaccion es una habilidad visual que corresponde con el tiempo de respuesta a un estlmulo luminoso o sonoro, prioritariamente, despues de percibirlo. Se trata de tiempos en milesimas de segundo que dependen de factores como la edad, el instante de aparicion del estlmulo, la distraction del observador, el recorrido de movimiento de la extremidad utilizada, el tipo de pulsador y otras dificultades relacionadas con las dimensiones y disposition del instrumento de medida. La habilidad visual puede variar segun el tipo de respuesta que se exija desde la mas simple que consiste en pulsar un interruptor o llave, sin mas, en cuanto se percibe la aparicion del estlmulo. Si se muestran mas de una respuesta posible entre las que se debe decidir, se mide el tiempo de reaction de election por presentation de diversas respuestas o bien por negacion-afirmacion. El instrumento para medir esta habilidad visual mas habitual es un ordenador, utilizando determinadas teclas del equipo y estlmulos visuales en la pantalla o sonoros por el altavoz y un programa que presenta los tiempos una vez ejecutada la action solicitada. Tambien se utilizan dispositivos electronicos que miden esos tiempos con programas predefinidos.Reaction time is a visual ability that corresponds to the response time to a luminous or sound stimulus, primarily, after perceiving it. These are times in thousands of seconds that depend on factors such as age, the moment of appearance of the stimulus, the distraction of the observer, the path of movement of the limb used, the type of button and other difficulties related to the dimensions and disposition. of the measuring instrument. The visual ability can vary according to the type of response that is required from the simplest that is to press a switch or key, without more, as soon as the appearance of the stimulus is perceived. If more than one possible answer is shown among those to be decided, the reaction time of election is measured by the presentation of various responses or by denial-affirmation. The instrument to measure this most common visual ability is a computer, using certain computer keys and visual stimuli on the screen or sound from the loudspeaker and a program that displays the times once the action requested is executed. Electronic devices that measure these times with predefined programs are also used.
La coordination ojo-mano es la habilidad visual para comprobar el numero de veces que el ojo se combina con precision con la mano utilizada, en un tiempo breve para responder al estlmulo que se va presentando aleatoriamente en cualquier punto del espacio explorado. Se evalua con dispositivos electronicos o en pantallas tactiles (como la descrita en US4824237A) con conexiones a ordenadores o microprocesadores con la programacion adecuada para producir los estlmulos a seguir.Eye-hand coordination is the visual ability to check the number of times the eye is combined with precision with the hand used, in a short time to respond to the stimulus that is presented randomly at any point of the space explored. It is evaluated with electronic devices or touch screens (as described in US4824237A) with connections to computers or microprocessors with the appropriate programming to produce the stimuli to follow.
La anticipation visual es una habilidad visual para determinar el momento preciso en el cual el estlmulo alcanza un punto concreto con variacion de la velocidad de movimiento del estlmulo y con parte del recorrido oculto o no. Es una habilidad donde la intuition y la alta capacidad de responder tienen parte importante del resultado final en milesimas de segundo. Un ejemplo es el sistema descrito en ES2418904B2.Visual anticipation is a visual ability to determine the precise moment in which the stimulus reaches a specific point with variation of the speed of movement of the stimulus and with part of the hidden route or not. It is a skill where intuition and the high capacity to respond have an important part of the final result in thousands of seconds. An example is the system described in ES2418904B2.
La estereopsis o vision en relieve corresponde a la habilidad visual para capacitar al ser humano en la percepcion de distancias de una forma mas precisa sin el calculo exacto de la misma y utilizando los dos ojos simultaneamente. Se evalua con tarjetas polarizadas y de dos colores complementarios, con el test de Howard-Dolman o en ordenadores con simulaciones de estos dos metodos.The stereopsis or vision in relief corresponds to the visual ability to train the human being in the perception of distances in a more precise way without the exact calculation of it and using both eyes simultaneously. It is evaluated with polarized cards and two complementary colors, with the Howard-Dolman test or in computers with simulations of these two methods.
Se han descrito algunos dispositivos con los que evaluar mas de una habilidad visual. Por ejemplo, en US20110184498A1 se describe una pantalla que sirve para el entrenamiento y terapia de habilidades como la coordination ojo-mano, el tiempo de reaction, la vision periferica, la estereopsis, la motilidad ocular, el movimiento y el procesamiento secuencial, mediante la utilization de luces verdes y/o rojas, y de numeros y letras, o bien de siluetas de animales. La pantalla contiene interruptores que se corresponden con las senales luminosas de manera que, cuando estas se activan, el paciente puede pulsar el interruptor correspondiente para avanzar en los siguientes pasos de la terapia.Some devices have been described with which to evaluate more than one visual ability. For example, US20110184498A1 describes a screen used for the training and therapy of skills such as eye-hand coordination, reaction time, peripheral vision, stereopsis, ocular motility, movement and sequential processing, by means of the use of green and / or red lights, and of numbers and letters, or of silhouettes of animals. The screen contains switches that correspond to the light signals so that when they are activated, the patient can press the corresponding switch to advance in the next steps of the therapy.
Otro ejemplo es el que describe la solicitud de patente WO2008128192A1, que presenta un dispositivo de visualizacion sensible al tacto, que puede funcionar como dispositivo de visualizacion y como dispositivo de entrada de datos, y en el que se pueden combinar estlmulos visuales y acusticos. Como estlmulo visual se utiliza la C de Landolt u otros slmbolos y el dispositivo puede incluir una pantalla tactil, que puede ser plana o curva, unas gafas u otros dispositivos de visualizacion.Another example is that described in patent application WO2008128192A1, which has a touch-sensitive display device, which can function as a visualization device and as a data entry device, and in which visual and acoustic stimuli can be combined. As a visual stimulus, the Landolt C or other symbols are used and the device can include a touch screen, which can be flat or curved, glasses or other visualization devices.
En WO2016027215A1, se describe un aparato para detectar, diagnosticar y ejercitar varias funciones: visual, visual-motora, auditiva, visual-verbal, as! como la coordinacion oculo audiomotora. Comprende una pluralidad de emisores de estlmulos opticos (luces, dibujos, slmbolos) distribuidos en un plano en forma de matriz, ademas de una unidad de control, una memoria, un sensor para seguir el movimiento de los ojos y una unidad de procesado. Puede incluir uno o mas sensores de movimiento que pueden consistir en pulsadores o sensores tactiles y sirven para monitorizar, cuantificar y calificar los movimientos del usuario.In WO2016027215A1, an apparatus for detecting, diagnosing and exercising various functions is described: visual, visual-motor, auditory, visual-verbal, as! as the coordination oculo audiomotora. It comprises a plurality of emitters of optical stimuli (lights, drawings, symbols) distributed in a plane in the form of a matrix, in addition to a control unit, a memory, a sensor to follow the movement of the eyes and a processing unit. It can include one or more movement sensors that can consist of pushbuttons or tactile sensors and serve to monitor, quantify and rate the user's movements.
Se trata de dispositivos que pueden llegar a evaluar y ejercitar varias habilidades visuales mediante pulsaciones faciles, de manera grosera; sin embargo, faltan equipos con los que analizar estas capacidades con una elevada dificultad, precision y exactitud, caracterlsticas que seran necesarias para determinadas actividades y deportes como pueden ser el regate en el futbol, el acierto con el centro de la diana en tiro deportivo de precision, el acierto con el paralelo en tenis o la obtencion de un "Eagle” en golf.These are devices that can evaluate and exercise various visual skills by means of easy pulsations, in a rude manner; However, there is a lack of equipment with which to analyze these capabilities with high difficulty, precision and accuracy, characteristics that will be necessary for certain activities and sports such as dribbling in soccer, the success with the center of the target in sports shooting. precision, the success with the parallel in tennis or the obtaining of an "Eagle" in golf.
Description detallada de la inventionDetailed description of the invention
Dispositivo para la evaluacion de habilidades visuales.Device for the evaluation of visual abilities.
La presente invencion propone un dispositivo para la evaluation de habilidades visuales con el que se analizan dichas habilidades con dos grados de destreza: uno mas grosero y otro mas fino. Entre las habilidades visuales que se pueden evaluar con este dispositivo se pueden enumerar: motilidad ocular, memoria visual, vision periferica, tiempo de reaccion, coordinacion ojo-mano, anticipation visual, estereopsis o vision en relieve.The present invention proposes a device for the evaluation of visual skills with which those skills are analyzed with two degrees of dexterity: one coarser and one finer. Among the visual skills that can be evaluated with this device can be listed: ocular motility, visual memory, peripheral vision, reaction time, eye-hand coordination, visual anticipation, stereopsis or relief vision.
Para ello, un aspecto de la presente invencion se refiere a un dispositivo que incluye un conjunto de interruptores cuya activation da lugar a senales visuales y que contiene interruptores dobles. Al ser presionados, los interruptores dobles interrumpen el curso de la corriente electrica que los activa. Estos interruptores dobles consisten en un interruptor central englobado en un interruptor completo de manera que, al desactivar el interruptor completo desaparece la senal visual que activa dicho interruptor completo, demostrando destrezas mas groseras y, para desactivar la senal visual del interruptor central, se requieren destrezas mas exactas y finas. Junto con los interruptores dobles, el conjunto de interruptores puede incluir interruptores simples. Por otro lado, la activacion de las senales visuales esta asignada de forma predeterminada en la programacion incluida en un microprocesador y esta programacion esta disenada de manera que permita la evaluation de distintas habilidades visuales.For this, an aspect of the present invention relates to a device that includes a set of switches whose activation gives rise to visual signals and which contains double switches. When pressed, the double switches interrupt the electrical current that activates them. These double switches consist of a central switch enclosed in a complete switch so that, when deactivating the complete switch the visual signal that activates said complete switch disappears, demonstrating grosser skills and, to deactivate the visual signal of the central switch, skills are required. more exact and fine. Together with the double switches, the set of switches can include simple switches. On the other hand, the activation of visual signals is assigned to default in the programming included in a microprocessor and this programming is designed in a way that allows the evaluation of different visual skills.
En una realization preferida, la activation de los interruptores de la invention da lugar a senales luminosas, preferentemente mediante LED, que se comportan como estlmulos al iluminarse en diferentes posiciones del conjunto de interruptores, segun una programacion establecida, para la evaluacion de cada una de las habilidades visuales que pueden estudiarse con el dispositivo de la invencion. En esta realizacion preferida, los interruptores dobles tienen un LED central que ilumina el interruptor doble en un unico color cuando se requiere la pulsacion del interruptor completo, mientras que ilumina el interruptor central con un color diferente al color que ilumina al resto del interruptor completo cuando la programacion utilizada activa unicamente el interruptor central. Con esta distribution se logra aumentar la precision con el interruptor central por reduction del tamano de la superficie de contacto. Esta disposition de los interruptores central y completo permite evaluar la coordination ojo-mano de forma mas tosca y de forma mas precisa en funcion de la parte del interruptor doble utilizada, asl como el tiempo de reaction y la vision periferica.In a preferred embodiment, the activation of the switches of the invention gives rise to light signals, preferably by LED, which behave as stimuli when illuminated in different positions of the set of switches, according to an established schedule, for the evaluation of each of the visual skills that can be studied with the device of the invention. In this preferred embodiment, the double switches have a central LED that illuminates the double switch in a single color when the full switch is pressed, while illuminating the central switch with a color different from the color that illuminates the rest of the entire switch when the programming used activates only the central switch. With this distribution it is possible to increase the precision with the central switch by reducing the size of the contact surface. This disposition of the central and complete switches allows to evaluate the eye-hand coordination in a coarser and more precise way depending on the part of the double switch used, as well as the reaction time and the peripheral vision.
El conjunto de interruptores dobles, o dobles y simples, puede disponerse en una gran variedad de formatos, como puede ser: en columnas y filas de igual o distinto tamano, en forma de clrculo o elipse, o de figuras circulares o ellpticas, etc. Esta position inicial se puede modificar para adoptar otros formatos, incluida una disposicion en llnea formada por una unica fila o una unica columna de interruptores (dobles, o dobles y simples). Para ello, cada interruptor doble o simple se dispone sobre una base que presenta un elemento de union en el centro de la cara opuesta a la cara de la propia base sobre la que se situa el interruptor. Este elemento de union sirve para insertar una barra o un liston horadados con el que se une el centro de la base de un interruptor doble, o simple, con el centro de la base de, al menos, uno de los interruptores dobles, o simples, adyacentes, creando una cadena de interruptores dobles, o dobles y simples. El elemento de union cuenta con un tope para que la barra o liston no se salga de dicho elemento al girar los interruptores. En una realizacion preferida, los agujeros horadados en la barra o liston son circulares y los elementos de union tienen la section circular. De esta manera, cada interruptor doble o sencillo puede realizar un giro de hasta 360° sobre los interruptores adyacentes. Esta option permite medidas especiales. Asl, alineados los interruptores en una recta, nos permiten evaluar la anticipation visual.The set of double switches, or double and simple, can be arranged in a variety of formats, such as: columns and rows of equal or different sizes, in the form of a circle or ellipse, or circular or elliptical figures, etc. This initial position can be modified to adopt other formats, including a line layout consisting of a single row or a single column of switches (double, or double and single). For this, each double or single switch is arranged on a base that has a joining element in the center of the face opposite the face of the base itself on which the switch is located. This joining element is used to insert a bar or a slotted strip with which the center of the base of a double switch is connected, or simple, with the center of the base of, at least, one of the double switches, or simple , adjacent, creating a chain of double, or double and simple switches. The union element has a stop so that the bar or strip does not leave said element when rotating the switches. In a preferred embodiment, the holes bored in the bar or lath are circular and the joining elements have the circular section. In this way, each double or single switch can make a rotation of up to 360 ° on the adjacent switches. This option allows special measures. Thus, when the switches are aligned on a line, they allow us to evaluate the visual anticipation.
El conjunto de interruptores se conecta con una pantalla donde se puede comprobar como se ha desarrollado cada prueba despues de realizar la medida de la habilidad visual en la superficie elegida: el numero de pulsaciones, los tiempos de respuesta (pueden llegar a calcularse con errores de milesimas de segundo), o las secuencias seguidas correcta o incorrectamente. Cada interruptor puede tambien mostrar una figura en forma de letra, numero y/o dibujo para realizar una secuencia programada con opciones al azar para su posible aparicion aleatoria. Esta opcion sirve para evaluar la memoria visual con las figuras que aparecen en cada interruptor segun una programacion predeterminada. Para obtener las letras, numeros y/o dibujos que pueden mostrar los interruptores se pueden utilizar placas lumlnicas, preferentemente de LED, que pueden ser homogeneas o bien presentar un hueco en el centro para que el interruptor central sea operativo.The set of switches is connected to a screen where you can check how each test has been developed after measuring the visual ability on the chosen surface: the number of beats, the response times (can be calculated with errors of thousands of seconds), or the sequences followed correctly or incorrectly. Each switch can also show a figure in the form of letter, number and / or drawing to make a programmed sequence with random options for its possible random appearance. This option is used to evaluate the visual memory with the figures that appear in each switch according to a predetermined programming. In order to obtain the letters, numbers and / or drawings that the switches can show, luminous plates, preferably LEDs, can be used, which can be homogeneous or have a gap in the center so that the central switch is operative.
En una realizacion de la invencion, el dispositivo incluye un mecanismo para desplazar un vastago alejandolo o acercandolo al observador. Para fabricar este mecanismo de desplazamiento, en una realizacion preferida de la invencion se inserta, en uno de los interruptores del conjunto de interruptores, una caja que contiene dos vastagos: un vastago fijo, que servira de referencia, y otro movil, cada uno colocado sobre una gula. La caja presenta una hendidura para ver a su traves la posicion de los dos vastagos; dicha hendidura se coloca de manera que no puedan verse elementos de referencia sobre los vastagos (como luces o sombras que facilitarlan el alineamiento) desde la posicion de la persona evaluada que debera colocarse frente al conjunto de interruptores. Esta caja se puede insertar en uno de los interruptores de la fila inferior, preferentemente en uno de los interruptores centrales y mas preferentemente en el interruptor central de la fila inferior del conjunto de interruptores. El color de los dos vastagos y el color de la hendidura son, preferentemente, distintos y, en una realization preferida, los vastagos son blancos y la hendidura negra (o viceversa) para obtener el maximo contraste. El vastago movil se puede desplazar electronicamente a lo largo de la gula sobre la que esta colocado, pudiendo controlarse este desplazamiento mediante un mando que puede incluir una conexion inalambrica, para alejar el vastago o acercarlo respecto del observador. La distancia entre los vastagos se puede medir incluyendo tambien una regla lateral con las unidades de medida que interesen (centlmetros y/o segundos de arco). Esta es la parte del dispositivo que sirve para medir la vision en relieve.In an embodiment of the invention, the device includes a mechanism for moving a rod away from or toward the observer. In order to manufacture this movement mechanism, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a box containing two rods is inserted in one of the switches of the switch assembly: a fixed rod, which will serve as a reference, and a mobile rod, each one placed on a gluttony. The box has a slit to see the position of the two rods; said slit is placed so that no reference elements can be seen on the rods (such as lights or shadows that facilitate the alignment) from the position of the evaluated person who should Place yourself in front of the set of switches. This box can be inserted in one of the switches of the lower row, preferably in one of the central switches and more preferably in the central switch of the lower row of the switch assembly. The color of the two rods and the color of the groove are preferably different and, in a preferred embodiment, the rods are white and the groove is black (or vice versa) to obtain the maximum contrast. The movable rod can be moved electronically along the glide on which it is placed, this displacement can be controlled by means of a control that can include a wireless connection, to move the rod away from or closer to the observer. The distance between the rods can be measured by also including a lateral ruler with the units of measurement of interest (centimeter and / or arc seconds). This is the part of the device that serves to measure the vision in relief.
En uno de los interruptores situados en la parte central del conjunto de interruptores, preferentemente en el interruptor central, el dispositivo incorpora una camara CCD y un dispositivo infrarrojo conectados a un microprocesador con la posibilidad de almacenar la information de motilidad ocular en un disco duro incluido tambien en el dispositivo.In one of the switches located in the central part of the set of switches, preferably in the central switch, the device incorporates a CCD camera and an infrared device connected to a microprocessor with the possibility of storing the ocular motility information in a hard disk included also on the device.
Todo el dispositivo recibe energla desde una caja de entrada de energla que incluye un disco duro para almacenar informacion y conexion a la red electrica, caja a la que denominaremos caja de almacenamiento.The whole device receives power from an energy input box that includes a hard disk to store information and connection to the electrical network, a box that we will call the storage box.
El dispositivo puede apoyarse sobre una base que, en una realizacion preferida de la invention, puede inclinarse para poderla apoyar sobre cualquier superficie y realizar la medida de las habilidades visuales indicadas en esta memoria. Asimismo, en esta base puede horadarse un agujero con un paso de tuerca para poder utilizar un trlpode o una estructura rlgida que permita la variation en altura del conjunto de interruptores para situarlo frente al paciente.The device can be supported on a base which, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, can be tilted so as to be able to rest on any surface and to measure the visual abilities indicated in this specification. Likewise, in this base a hole can be pierced with a pitch of nut to be able to use a tripod or a rigid structure that allows the variation in height of the set of switches to place it in front of the patient.
Description de las figurasDescription of the figures
En los dibujos adjuntos se muestran, con caracter ilustrativo y no limitativo, las siguientes caracterlsticas de la presente invencion:The following characteristics of the present invention are shown in the attached drawings, with illustrative and non-limiting character:
Figura 1. Esquema del dispositivo para la evaluation de habilidades visuales. Frente del dispositivo donde se pueden ver los interruptores dobles (1). Tambien se observa, en el ultimo interruptor de la fila inferior (4), una caja de almacenamiento (5). En el tercer interruptor de la primera fila (10) se conecta una pantalla (11) plana. En el interruptor central de la fila inferior (12), se conecta una caja con una hendidura (13) negra que incorpora dos vastagos (14). El interruptor central (16) incorpora una camara c Cd (17) y un sensor infrarrojo (18). Figure 1. Scheme of the device for the evaluation of visual abilities. Front of the device where you can see the double switches (1). It is also observed, in the last switch of the lower row (4), a storage box (5). In the third switch of the first row (10) a flat screen (11) is connected. In the central switch of the lower row (12), a box is connected with a black slit (13) that incorporates two rods (14). The central switch (16) incorporates a Cd camera (17) and an infrared sensor (18).
Figura 2. Interruptor doble (1). Compuesto por la superficie total del interruptor completo (2) circular que incluye un segundo interruptor central (3), donde se puede ver la placa (6) de LED para generar letras, numeros o figuras para realizar secuencias. El interruptor completo (2) se representa mediante botones sobre los que percute la placa (6) de LED cuando se presiona el interruptor completo (2) interrumpiendo el curso de la corriente electrica. Incluye la base (19) del interruptor doble o sencillo, con un elemento de union (20) y un tope (22) del elemento de union que, en este caso, tiene las mismas dimensiones que la base (19). Muestra una barra (21) de union de dos interruptores adyacentes; as! como una tapa (7) para proteger el interruptor completo (2) y una tapa rlgida (8) para percutir en el interruptor central (3). Figure 2. Double switch (1). Composed by the total surface of the complete circular switch (2) that includes a second central switch (3), where you can see the LED plate (6) to generate letters, numbers or figures to make sequences. The complete switch (2) is represented by buttons on which the LED plate (6) strikes when the entire switch (2) is pressed, interrupting the course of the electric current. It includes the base (19) of the double or single switch, with a joining element (20) and a stop (22) of the joining element, which, in this case, has the same dimensions as the base (19). It shows a link bar (21) of two adjacent switches; ace! as a cover (7) to protect the complete switch (2) and a rigid cover (8) to strike at the central switch (3).
Figura 3. Esquemas del mecanismo de union de los interruptores dobles del dispositivo. Figure 3 Schematics of the mechanism of union of the double switches of the device.
Figura 3a. Interruptores dobles (1) unidos por barras (21) de union de los interruptores y formando una fila. Figure 3a. Double switches (1) joined by bars (21) joining the switches and forming a row.
Figura 3b. Interruptores dobles (1) unidos por barras (21) de union de los interruptores y formando una disposition irregular. Figure 3b. Double switches (1) joined by bars (21) joining the switches and forming an irregular disposition.
Figura 3c. Base (19) de los interruptores dobles o simples, con el elemento de union (20) al que se une la barra o liston (21) horadados que permiten la movilidad de cada interruptor sobre los interruptores adyacentes, y tope (22) del elemento de union. Figure 3c. Base (19) of the double or single switches, with the joining element (20) to which the bar or strip (21) pierced that allow the mobility of each switch on the adjacent switches, and stop (22) of the element is attached of Union.
Modo de realization de la inventionMode of realization of the invention
La presente invencion se ilustra adicionalmente mediante el siguiente ejemplo, que no pretende ser limitativo de su alcance.The present invention is further illustrated by the following example, which is not intended to be limiting of its scope.
Se fabrico un dispositivo con 25 interruptores dobles (1) con forma circular y distribuidos en 5 llneas y 5 columnas, dando lugar a un conjunto de interruptores de forma cuadrada. Cada interruptor completo (2) circular se elaboro con un material plastico de polietileno elastico y se incorporo una placa (6) de LED en rejilla para la visualization de figuras, letras y numeros. En este ejemplo, se utilizo el color rojo para el interruptor completo (2), con un diametro de 6 cm. El material plastico utilizado para fabricar la tapa (7) del interruptor completo sirve para proteger tanto la placa (6) de LED como la mano del paciente. Ademas, cada interruptor completo (2) circular lleva en su centro un segundo interruptor que es un interruptor central (3) de tamano algo mayor que el de un LED, en este caso con superficie de 1 cm de diametro y de color verde. Este interruptor central (3) se utiliza para pulsaciones precisas y de mayor dificultad que el interruptor completo (2). El plastico de la superficie del interruptor central (3) fue tambien de polietileno pero algo mas rlgido que el utilizado en la superficie del interruptor completo (2), dando lugar a una tapa rlgida (8); esta caracterlstica y su tamano hacen que el interruptor central (3) tenga que pulsarse con un unico dedo para desactivar la senal visual que puede emitir.A device was manufactured with 25 double switches (1) with circular shape and distributed in 5 lines and 5 columns, giving rise to a set of square shaped switches. Each complete circular switch (2) was made with a plastic material of elastic polyethylene and a plate (6) of grid LED was incorporated for the visualization of figures, letters and numbers. In this example, the red color was used for the complete switch (2), with a diameter of 6 cm. The plastic material used to manufacture the cover (7) of the complete switch serves to protect both the LED plate (6) and the patient's hand. In addition, each complete circular switch (2) has in its center a second switch which is a central switch (3) of a size somewhat larger than that of an LED, in this case with a surface of 1 cm in diameter and green. This central switch (3) is used for precise pulses and more difficult than the complete switch (2). The plastic on the surface of the central switch (3) was also made of polyethylene but somewhat stronger than that used on the surface of the complete switch (2), giving rise to a rigid lid (8); this characteristic and its size make the central switch (3) have to be pressed with a single finger to deactivate the visual signal it can emit.
Para poder modificar la disposicion del conjunto de interruptores dobles de este ejemplo, cada uno de ellos se dispuso sobre una base (19) de polietileno rlgido con un cilindro de 1 cm de diametro y 0,5 cm de altura en la cara opuesta de la base (19) y elaborado con el mismo material, que constituyo el elemento de union (20) de cada interruptor doble (1). Se fabricaron asimismo listones de polietileno rlgido de 0,2 cm de grosor, 1,2 cm de ancho y 7 cm de largo, con un agujero circular de 1 cm de diametro en cada extremo, que constituyen las barras (21) horadadas para unir los centros de las bases (19) de los interruptores dobles (1).In order to be able to modify the arrangement of the set of double switches of this example, each of them was placed on a base (19) of rigid polyethylene with a cylinder of 1 cm in diameter and 0.5 cm in height on the opposite side of the base (19) and made with the same material, which formed the joining element (20) of each double switch (1). Also made of polyethylene ribs 0.2 cm thick, 1.2 cm wide and 7 cm long, with a circular hole 1 cm in diameter at each end, which constitute the bars (21) bored to join the centers of the bases (19) of the double switches (1).
Mediante los agujeros de los listones horadados se fueron uniendo las bases (19) de los interruptores dobles (1) encajando los agujeros en los elementos de union (20) y fijandolos mediante unos topes (22) fabricados con este proposito, segun disposiciones como las que se ven en la figura 3.The bases (19) of the double switches (1) were joined by means of the holes in the perforated laths (1), fitting the holes in the joining elements (20) and fixing them by means of stops (22) manufactured for this purpose, according to provisions such as that are seen in figure 3.
El ultimo interruptor (4) de la fila inferior del conjunto de interruptores incorpora una caja de almacenamiento (5) donde se incluyen un microprocesador, un disco duro con varias conexiones para transferir la informacion a un ordenador y un transformador para conectar el cable de salida (9) a la corriente.The last switch (4) of the bottom row of the set of switches incorporates a storage box (5) which includes a microprocessor, a hard disk with several connections to transfer the information to a computer and a transformer to connect the output cable (9) to the current.
Se incluyo una pantalla (11) plana tactil y de 6 pulgadas en el tercer interruptor de la primera fila (10) del conjunto de interruptores, que permite la observation de varios datos simultaneamente, concretamente de siete habilidades visuales (motilidad ocular, memoria visual, vision periferica, tiempo de reaction, coordination ojo-mano, anticipation visual, estereopsis o vision en relieve) que se pueden medir con el dispositivo de la invencion y con los programas utilizados. A 6-inch tactile flat screen (11) was included in the third switch of the first row (10) of the set of switches, which allows the observation of several data simultaneously, specifically of seven visual abilities (ocular motility, visual memory, peripheral vision, reaction time, eye-hand coordination, visual anticipation, stereopsis or relief vision) that can be measured with the device of the invention and with the programs used.
En el interruptor central de la ultima fila (12) del conjunto de interruptores, se inserto una caja con una hendidura (13) negra en un lateral y con dos vastagos (14) de color blanco, sobre una gula cada uno. Se fabrico asimismo un mando a distancia (15) con el que mover el vastago movil sobre su gula: el paciente debe alinear, uno al lado del otro, los dos vastagos viendolos desde el frente, y el resultado en cm o segundos de arco que se ve lateralmente da la diferencia de alineacion de los dos vastagos.In the central switch of the last row (12) of the set of switches, a box with a black slit (13) on one side and with two white rods (14), on a guide each one, was inserted. A remote control (15) was also manufactured with which to move the mobile rod on its glider: the patient must line up, side by side, the two rods seen from the front, and the result in cm or seconds of arc that it is seen laterally gives the difference of alignment of the two rods.
En el interruptor central (16) del conjunto de interruptores se incorporo una camara CCD (17) y un sensor infrarrojo (18) para comprobar el movimiento de ambos ojos sobre los interruptores iluminados del conjunto de interruptores. Los resultados de esta prueba, con la calidad del seguimiento y los errores, tambien se almacenan en el disco duro del dispositivo en imagenes y se pueden visualizar en la pantalla (11) plana.A CCD camera (17) and an infrared sensor (18) were incorporated in the central switch (16) of the switch set to check the movement of both eyes on the illuminated switches of the switch set. The results of this test, with the quality of the tracking and errors, are also stored on the hard disk of the device in images and can be displayed on the flat screen (11).
El dispositivo se apoyo sobre un trlpode para poder variar la altura del conjunto de interruptores frente al paciente. The device is supported on a tripod to be able to vary the height of the set of switches in front of the patient.
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201800029A ES2688472B2 (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Device for the evaluation of visual abilities |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201800029A ES2688472B2 (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Device for the evaluation of visual abilities |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2688472A1 ES2688472A1 (en) | 2018-11-02 |
| ES2688472B2 true ES2688472B2 (en) | 2019-05-27 |
Family
ID=63923637
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201800029A Expired - Fee Related ES2688472B2 (en) | 2018-02-05 | 2018-02-05 | Device for the evaluation of visual abilities |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2688472B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110184498A1 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-07-28 | Robin Lynn Donley | Interactive vision therapy board |
| US20130005469A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Imerj LLC | Dual screen game module |
| US8992019B2 (en) * | 2012-01-06 | 2015-03-31 | Baylor College Of Medicine | System and method for evaluating ocular health |
| US9171131B2 (en) * | 2012-06-22 | 2015-10-27 | Integrated Deficit Examinations, LLC | Device and methods for mobile monitoring and assessment of clinical function through sensors and interactive patient responses |
| EP3182878B1 (en) * | 2014-08-21 | 2020-06-17 | Cagno, Andrea | Apparatus for detecting, diagnosing and exercising an individual's functionalities |
| GB2539250B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2022-11-02 | Okulo Ltd | Methods and systems for testing aspects of vision |
| CN206179731U (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-05-17 | 上海意力寰宇电路世界有限公司 | Two function button membrane switch |
-
2018
- 2018-02-05 ES ES201800029A patent/ES2688472B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2688472A1 (en) | 2018-11-02 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ES2904686T3 (en) | Method and system for automatic vision test | |
| US9248358B2 (en) | Interactive cognitive-multisensory interface apparatus and methods for assessing, profiling, training, and improving performance of athletes and other populations | |
| ES2396864T3 (en) | Ocular visualization device for the treatment of eye diseases | |
| ES3045460T3 (en) | Balance testing and training system | |
| US10478698B2 (en) | Interactive cognitive-multisensory interface apparatus and methods for assessing, profiling, training, and/or improving performance of athletes and other populations | |
| Clark et al. | Vision training methods for sports concussion mitigation and management | |
| ES2886038T3 (en) | Apparatus for measuring the performance of fast-paced people | |
| US20110184498A1 (en) | Interactive vision therapy board | |
| CN104814718B (en) | A kind of sports visual inspection test system and method | |
| ES2915401T3 (en) | Darts game system and procedure to provide a lesson image | |
| ES2938888T3 (en) | Dart game apparatus and dart game system | |
| JP2004329795A (en) | Method and apparatus for measuring and training eyesight capability with stereoscopic video image | |
| US20110183308A1 (en) | Method for enhancing attention and concentration | |
| Teig | High performance vision | |
| ES2919548T3 (en) | dart game system | |
| US10482778B2 (en) | Shape and signal adjustable motion simulation system | |
| ES2688472B2 (en) | Device for the evaluation of visual abilities | |
| CN106039672A (en) | Badminton training response tester | |
| WO2018069555A1 (en) | Kit for adapting a virtual reality headset and method for using same for visual neurorehabilitation | |
| ES2938832T3 (en) | Target dart game apparatus and dart game system, with lighting unit | |
| KR102052904B1 (en) | Dice game apparatus for cognitive function test | |
| ES2663126B2 (en) | Visuo-motor training system based on gaze restriction | |
| WO2013011165A1 (en) | System for the kinetic measurement of peripheral vision and peripheral visual anticipation | |
| ES3032359T3 (en) | Sports training system and method | |
| WO2025191194A1 (en) | Neurorehabilitation system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| BA2A | Patent application published |
Ref document number: 2688472 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20181102 |
|
| FG2A | Definitive protection |
Ref document number: 2688472 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20190527 |
|
| FD2A | Announcement of lapse in spain |
Effective date: 20240402 |