ES2684779B1 - Flat solar collector with silicone peroxide tube - Google Patents
Flat solar collector with silicone peroxide tube Download PDFInfo
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- ES2684779B1 ES2684779B1 ES201700418A ES201700418A ES2684779B1 ES 2684779 B1 ES2684779 B1 ES 2684779B1 ES 201700418 A ES201700418 A ES 201700418A ES 201700418 A ES201700418 A ES 201700418A ES 2684779 B1 ES2684779 B1 ES 2684779B1
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- absorber
- solar collector
- tube
- solar
- silicone peroxide
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
- F24S40/70—Preventing freezing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
Captador solar plano con tubo de peróxido de silicona.Flat solar collector with silicone peroxide tube.
Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention
La presente invención tiene por objeto un captador solar plano con tubos de peróxido de silicona huecos con un gas en su interior, colocados en el interior de su absorbedor que permite mejorar el funcionamiento de los captadores solares térmicos planos cuando tienen riesgo de congelación evitando su rotura y manteniendo el rendimiento energético. Tiene su aplicación en el área de la ingeniería mecánica.The present invention aims at a flat solar collector with hollow silicone peroxide tubes with a gas inside, placed inside its absorber that allows to improve the operation of flat thermal solar collectors when they have a risk of freezing avoiding their breakage and maintaining energy efficiency. It has its application in the area of mechanical engineering.
Estado de la técnicaState of the art
El absorbedor de un captador solar plano es el elemento por el que circula el fluido caloportador del mismo. Este fluido es con frecuencia agua en estado líquido. Cuando el captador solar se somete a muy bajas temperaturas por heladas ambientales el fluido caloportador se congela, aumenta su volumen y presión y se rompe el absorbedor.The absorber of a flat solar collector is the element through which the heat transfer fluid circulates. This fluid is often water in a liquid state. When the solar collector is subjected to very low temperatures due to environmental frosts, the heat transfer fluid freezes, increases its volume and pressure and breaks the absorber.
El principal método utilizado en la protección contra heladas de un captador solar es la adición de propilenglicol al agua que circula dentro del absorbedor del colector solar (1). Sin embargo, las principales desventajas de este método son la degradación del anticongelante con el tiempo, no permite ser utilizado en sistemas directos y su alto coste. Otros métodos utilizados para la protección son:The main method used in frost protection of a solar collector is the addition of propylene glycol to the water circulating inside the absorber of the solar collector (1). However, the main disadvantages of this method are the degradation of antifreeze over time, it cannot be used in direct systems and its high cost. Other methods used for protection are:
• La recirculación de agua en el circuito colector [2,3], la cual requiere de una circulación forzada. Este método puede conducir a una alta pérdida de energía y, en algunos casos, puede causar problemas de fiabilidad si no se dispone de energía eléctrica para activar las bombas de recirculación en el tiempo requerido.• Water recirculation in the collector circuit [2,3], which requires forced circulation. This method can lead to high energy loss and, in some cases, can cause reliability problems if there is no electrical power available to activate the recirculation pumps in the required time.
• Recirculación en flujo inverso [4]. Este método puede conducir a una alta pérdida de energía en periodos nocturnos.• Recirculation in reverse flow [4]. This method can lead to a high loss of energy during night periods.
• La instalación de una resistencia eléctrica a lo largo de los tubos que contienen el agua en el captador, pero esto puede conducir a un alto consumo de electricidad.• The installation of an electrical resistor along the pipes that contain the water in the collector, but this can lead to a high consumption of electricity.
• Sistemas de drenaje con recuperación [5]. Una de las principales desventajas del calentamiento del agua solar mediante los sistemas de drenaje con recuperación es la significativa pérdida de calor cuando la bomba no está funcionando, tanto como durante la exposición nocturna.• Drainage systems with recovery [5]. One of the main disadvantages of solar water heating through drainage systems with recovery is the significant loss of heat when the pump is not running, as well as during nighttime exposure.
• El drenaje al exterior de la instalación [6]. Estos sistemas requieren de un control especial y el agua drenada no puede ser recuperada.• Drainage to the outside of the installation [6]. These systems require special control and the drained water cannot be recovered.
• Hay otros casos en los que la acumulación de agua y el captador solar están en el mismo dispositivo para mantenerse siempre por encima de la temperatura de congelación. Por ejemplo, este es el caso del sistema llamado Integrated Collector/Storage Solar Water Heaters, ICSSWH, basado en un dispositivo patentado en 1891 [7]. Este método puede conducir a una alta pérdida de energía nocturna.• There are other cases in which the accumulation of water and the solar collector are in the same device to always stay above the freezing temperature. For example, this is the case of the system called Integrated Collector / Storage Solar Water Heaters, ICSSWH, based on a device patented in 1891 [7]. This method can lead to a high loss of night energy.
• Otros métodos de protección con un sistema de calentamiento solar en dos fases utilizando acetona o metanol como fluido de trabajo [8,9], pero la capacidad térmica del fluido caloportador se reduce significativamente. • Other methods of protection with a two-phase solar heating system using acetone or methanol as a working fluid [8,9], but the thermal capacity of the heat transfer fluid is significantly reduced.
ReferenciasReferences
[1] H. Imura, Y Koito, M. Mochizuki, H. Fujiura. Start-up from the frozen state of twophase thermosyphons. Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (17-18) (2005) 2730-2739.[1] H. Imura, and Koito, M. Mochizuki, H. Fujiura. Start-up from the frozen state of twophase thermosyphons. Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (17-18) (2005) 2730-2739.
[2] KA Laing, J.N. Laing. Freeze protection for hot water systems. US Patent US6622930 B2, 2003.[2] KA Laing, J.N. Laing Freeze protection for hot water systems. US Patent US6622930 B2, 2003.
[3] K. Hudon, T. Merrigan, J. Burchand, J. Maguire. Low-cost solar water heating research and development roadmap. Technical Report NRELITP-5500-54793, 2012.[3] K. Hudon, T. Merrigan, J. Burchand, J. Maguire. Low-cost solar water heating research and development roadmap. Technical Report NRELITP-5500-54793, 2012.
[4] R. Tang, Z. Sun , Z. Li, Y. Yu, H. Zhong, C. Xia. Experimental investigation on thermal performance of flat plate collectors at night. Energy Conversion and Management 49 (10) (2008) 2642-2646.[4] R. Tang, Z. Sun, Z. Li, Y. Yu, H. Zhong, C. Xia. Experimental investigation on thermal performance of flat plate collectors at night. Energy Conversion and Management 49 (10) (2008) 2642-2646.
[5] R. Botpaev, Y. Louvet, B. Perers, S. Furbo, K. Vajen. Drainback solar thermal systems: a review." Solar Energy 128 (2016) 41-60.[5] R. Botpaev, Y. Louvet, B. Perers, S. Furbo, K. Vajen. Drainback solar thermal systems: a review. "Solar Energy 128 (2016) 41-60.
[6] J. Burch, J. Salasovich. Water consumption from freeze protection valves for solar water heating systems. ISES Solar World Congress Orlando, Florida August 6-12, 2005. NREL/CP-550-37696.[6] J. Burch, J. Salasovich. Water consumption from freeze protection valves for solar water heating systems. ISES Solar World Congress Orlando, Florida August 6-12, 2005. NREL / CP-550-37696.
[7] M. Smyth, P.C. Eames, B. Norton. Techno-economic appraisal of an integrated collector/storage solar water heater. Renewable Energy 29 (9) (2004) 1503-1514.[7] M. Smyth, P.C. Eames, B. Norton. Techno-economic appraisal of an integrated collector / storage solar water heater. Renewable Energy 29 (9) (2004) 1503-1514.
[8] A. Ordaz-Flores, O. García-Valladares, V. H. Gómez. Findings to improve the performance of a two-phase flat plate solar system, using acetone and methanol as working fluids. Solar Energy 86 (4) (2012) 1089-1098.[8] A. Ordaz-Flores, O. García-Valladares, V. H. Gómez. Findings to improve the performance of a two-phase flat plate solar system, using acetone and methanol as working fluids. Solar Energy 86 (4) (2012) 1089-1098.
[9] E. Mathioulakis, V. Belessiotis. A new heat-pipe type solar domestic hot water system. Solar Energy 72 (1) (2002) 13-20.[9] E. Mathioulakis, V. Belessiotis. A new heat-pipe type solar domestic hot water system. Solar Energy 72 (1) (2002) 13-20.
Descripción de las figurasDescription of the figures
Figura 1.- Muestra de un captador solar térmico donde se indican:Figure 1.- Sample of a solar thermal collector where:
1. Captador solar térmico.1. Solar thermal collector.
2. Conexión de entrada2. Input connection
3. Conexión de salida3. Output connection
4. Absorbedor4. Absorber
5. Fluido caloportador5. Heat transfer fluid
6. Tubo de peróxido de silicona6. Silicone peroxide tube
7. Gas7. Gas
Figura 2.- Muestra una sección del tubo absorbedor antes del proceso de congelación del fluido caloportador (figura 2.A) y después del proceso de congelación del fluido caloportador (figura Figura 3.- Muestra de un detalle del sellado del tubo de peróxido de silicona tanto en la entrada como en la salida del captador donde se indican:Figure 2.- Shows a section of the absorber tube before the freezing process of the heat transfer fluid (figure 2.A) and after the freezing process of the heat transfer fluid (figure Figure 3.- Sample of a detail of the sealing of the silicone peroxide tube both at the entrance and at the exit of the sensor where they are indicated:
2. Conexiones de entrada del captador2. Sensor input connections
3. Conexión de salida del captador3. Sensor output connection
4. Absorbedor4. Absorber
5. Fluido caloportador5. Heat transfer fluid
6. Tubo de peróxido de silicona6. Silicone peroxide tube
7. Gas7. Gas
8. Sellado lateral del tubo de peróxido de silicona8. Side sealing of the silicone peroxide tube
Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention
El absorbedor de un captador solar plano es el elemento por el que circula el fluido caloportador. Este fluido es con frecuencia agua en estado líquido. Cuando el captador se somete a muy bajas temperaturas el fluido se congela, aumenta su volumen y se rompe el absorbedor. Por otro lado, el fluido caloportador también está expuesto a temperaturas muy variables y en muchas ocasiones superan los 120°C y además dependiendo de la configuración del captador solar en la instalación solar del edificio el fluido caloportador es el agua de consumo humano del edificio que vuelve caliente al ser humano por lo que no deben alterarse sus propiedades de forma nociva para el ser humano.The absorber of a flat solar collector is the element through which the heat transfer fluid circulates. This fluid is often water in a liquid state. When the collector is subjected to very low temperatures the fluid freezes, increases its volume and the absorber breaks. On the other hand, the heat transfer fluid is also exposed to very variable temperatures and often exceed 120 ° C and also depending on the configuration of the solar collector in the solar installation of the building the heat transfer fluid is the water for human consumption of the building that it makes the human being warm, so its properties should not be altered in a way that is harmful to the human being.
La presente invención se refiere a un captador solar plano con tubo de peróxido de silicona hueco relleno de un gas, principalmente aire, que se coloca dentro del absorbedor de un captador solar. Este material permite absorber las variaciones de volumen que se producen en el fluido calo portador que ocurren por el hecho de pasar de estado líquido a estado sólido al congelarse. Este material soporta todas las condiciones de operación de temperatura y presión de un captador solar de forma fiable y duradera, es barato e inocuo para el ser humano y el medioambiente.The present invention relates to a flat solar collector with a hollow silicone peroxide tube filled with a gas, mainly air, which is placed inside the absorber of a solar collector. This material makes it possible to absorb the variations in volume that occur in the carrier fluid that occur due to the transition from a liquid to a solid state when frozen. This material withstands all the operating conditions of temperature and pressure of a solar collector in a reliable and durable way, it is cheap and safe for humans and the environment.
La invención que nos ocupa se refiere a un captador solar plano con uno o varios tubos concéntricos de peróxido de silicona hueco, o de otra configuración geométrica, en la que en su interior pueda contener un gas, preferiblemente aire, colocados estos en el interior del absorbedor de un captador solar plano.The invention that concerns us refers to a flat solar collector with one or several concentric tubes of hollow silicone peroxide, or another geometric configuration, in which inside it can contain a gas, preferably air, placed inside the interior of the absorber of a flat solar collector.
El captador solar plano con tubo de peróxido de silicona hueco con gas en su interior colocado dentro del absorbedor absorbe las dilataciones, que se producen en el fluido caloportador del interior del absorbedor al congelarse éste sin afectar al absorbedor. El proceso es totalmente pasivo y no consume energía. Además soporta temperaturas superiores a 130°C sin degradarse. Por otro lado, el tubo de peróxido de silicona es compatible con todos los materiales en los que está en contacto como el fluido caloportador, normalmente agua, el gas interior, normalmente aire y con los materiales propios del absorbedor normalmente cobre o aluminio.The flat solar collector with a hollow silicone peroxide tube with gas inside placed inside the absorber absorbs the expansions, which occur in the heat transfer fluid inside the absorber when it freezes without affecting the absorber. The process is totally passive and does not consume energy. It also withstands temperatures above 130 ° C without degrading. On the other hand, the silicone peroxide tube is compatible with all the materials in which it is in contact such as the heat transfer fluid, normally water, the internal gas, normally air and with the materials of the absorber normally copper or aluminum.
Además el tubo de peróxido de silicona tiene una muy baja rugosidad por lo que no afecta significativamente a las propiedades energéticas del captador solar, básicamente su rendimiento energético y la caída de presión. In addition, the silicone peroxide tube has a very low roughness so it does not significantly affect the energy properties of the solar collector, basically its energy efficiency and the pressure drop.
Desde el punto de vista sanitario y ambiental, el captador solar plano con tubo de peróxido de silicona hueco con gas en su interior es inocuo para el ser humano, es decir, no es tóxico ni reaccionante con el agua para que pueda utilizarse en instalaciones solares directas que es lo que ocurre cuando el fluido caloportador caliente que pasa por el absorbedor es el que recibe el ser humano.From a sanitary and environmental point of view, the flat solar collector with hollow silicone peroxide tube with gas inside it is harmless to humans, that is, it is not toxic or reactive with water so that it can be used in solar installations direct that is what happens when the hot heat transfer fluid that passes through the absorber is what the human being receives.
Desde el punto de vista económico, el captador solar plano con tubo de peróxido de silicona hueco es competitivo con otras soluciones de prevención del riesgo de heladas.From an economic point of view, the flat solar collector with hollow silicone peroxide tube is competitive with other solutions for the prevention of the risk of frost.
Modo de realización de la invenciónEmbodiment of the invention
A continuación se describe un modo de realización de la invención basado en las figuras.An embodiment of the invention based on the figures is described below.
Al absorbedor (4), preferiblemente en forma de serpentín, se le conectan las conexiones soldadas de entrada (2) y salida (3) requeridas para el captador solar y se le sueldan las superficies selectivas. Todo el proceso de soldadura del absorbedor debe ser anterior a la incorporación del tubo de silicona.The welded inlet (2) and outlet (3) connections required for the solar collector are connected to the absorber (4), preferably in the form of a coil, and the selective surfaces are welded. The entire absorber welding process must be prior to the incorporation of the silicone tube.
Se introduce el tubo de peróxido de silicona (6) en el interior del absorbedor. Se sella y cierra la entrada y salida del tubo de peróxido de silicona (8) por fusión u otro procedimiento.The silicone peroxide tube (6) is inserted into the absorber. The inlet and outlet of the silicone peroxide tube (8) is sealed and sealed by fusion or other procedure.
El volumen del tubo de peróxido de silicona debe poder absorber la variación de volumen del fluido caloportador al congelarse, según proceso 2.A y 2.8 de la figura 2. Por ejemplo, en la realización preferente el fluido caloportador es agua, por lo que en este caso, el diámetro interior del tubo del absorbedor debe ser igualo inferior a 3,5 veces el diámetro interior del tubo de peróxido de silicona cuando el agua está a 25°C y 1 bar.The volume of the silicone peroxide tube must be able to absorb the volume variation of the heat transfer fluid upon freezing, according to process 2.A and 2.8 of Figure 2. For example, in the preferred embodiment the heat transfer fluid is water, so that in In this case, the inside diameter of the absorber tube must be equal to or less than 3.5 times the inside diameter of the silicone peroxide tube when the water is at 25 ° C and 1 bar.
Una vez realizado el absorbedor con las superficies selectivas incorporadas al mismo y el tubo de peróxido de silicona en su interior se continúa con la fabricación del captador en su proceso normal, que en una realización preferente es incorporar aislante posterior y lateral al absorbedor, protección posterior y lateral del aislante, cubierta frontal de vidrio y marco con juntas de estanqueidad.Once the absorber has been made with the selective surfaces incorporated therein and the silicone peroxide tube inside it, the sensor continues to be manufactured in its normal process, which in a preferred embodiment is to incorporate rear and lateral insulator to the absorber, subsequent protection and side of the insulator, glass front cover and frame with gaskets.
La presente invención también puede ser aplicada a captadores solares planos sin cubierta. The present invention can also be applied to flat solar collectors without cover.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201700418A ES2684779B1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2017-03-29 | Flat solar collector with silicone peroxide tube |
| PCT/ES2018/000025 WO2018178417A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2018-03-23 | Flat-plate solar collector comprising a silicone peroxide tube |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201700418A ES2684779B1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2017-03-29 | Flat solar collector with silicone peroxide tube |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2684779A1 ES2684779A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| ES2684779B1 true ES2684779B1 (en) | 2019-07-11 |
Family
ID=63677613
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201700418A Active ES2684779B1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2017-03-29 | Flat solar collector with silicone peroxide tube |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2684779B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018178417A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4321908A (en) * | 1980-05-16 | 1982-03-30 | Reed Robert S | Prevention of freeze damage to liquid conduits |
| JPS58140564A (en) * | 1982-02-15 | 1983-08-20 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Solar heat collector |
| ZA993636B (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2001-05-03 | Simon Johannes Du Plooy | Conduit for fluids. |
| US6119729A (en) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-09-19 | Arise Technologies Corporation | Freeze protection apparatus for fluid transport passages |
| EP1669693A1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-14 | Transen Industria e Commercio LtdA. | Solar collector with freezing-proof device |
| GB2447890A (en) * | 2007-03-22 | 2008-10-01 | Christopher Robert Sims | Solar collector comprising resilient tubing to compensate for the expansion of a working fluid due to freezing |
-
2017
- 2017-03-29 ES ES201700418A patent/ES2684779B1/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-03-23 WO PCT/ES2018/000025 patent/WO2018178417A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2684779A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
| WO2018178417A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
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