ES2680043A1 - Regenerative alternative thermal machine with double effect, closed and open processes and its operating procedure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention denominated alternative thermal regenerative machine of double effect, of closed and open processes and its operating procedure, has the objective of converting thermal energy to mechanical and/or electrical energy via mechanical energy and consists of a regenerative thermal cycle, implemented on an alternative thermal machine of double regenerative effect that operates with helium as a working fluid between two thermal sources (the hot source that gives heat to the cycle and the cold source that absorbs heat from the cycle). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

REGENERATIVE ALTERNATIVE THERMAL MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, OF CLOSED AND OPEN PROCESSES AND ITS OPERATION PROCEDURE

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

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The present invention pertains to the technical field of the conversion of thermal to mechanical energy and / or electrical energy via mechanical energy by means of the combination of two thermal cycles.

10 OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION

The invention referred to as REGENERATIVE THERMAL ALTERNATIVE MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, OF CLOSED AND OPEN PROCESSES AND ITS OPERATION PROCEDURE, has as an objective the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical energy and / or electrical energy via mechanical energy by means of a double regenerative thermal cycle effect, implemented on an alternative thermal machine with double regenerative effect that operates with helium between two heat sources (hot source that gives heat to the cycle and cold source that absorbs heat from the cycle) destined to convert thermal energy into mechanical work and / or electric power 20.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The thermal machines known to date have in common the limitation of the thermal efficiency imposed by the Carnot factor. The machine object of the invention does not obey Carnot's restrictions as a result of the thermal cycle proposed in the invention. Consequently, in the current state of the technology there are no known alternative thermal double-acting regenerative machines of open and closed processes for the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical work and / or electrical power of the characteristics of this invention.

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DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention called REGENERATIVE ALTERNATIVE THERMAL MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, OF CLOSED AND OPEN PROCESSES AND ITS OPERATING PROCEDURE, consists of an unconventional thermal cycle complemented by an alternative double-acting, regenerative thermal machine that operates with closed and open processes with a closed and open process. thermal work fluid (helium). It is constituted by an unconventional thermal cycle complemented by an alternative double-acting, regenerative thermal machine that operates with closed and open processes using a working thermal fluid (helium), which is equipped with two thermal bulbs (one of high temperature to heat the working thermal fluid that acts as a heat source and a low temperature one to cool the working thermal fluid that acts as a heat sink), where both foci are constituted by heat exchangers, and where the hot spot consists of at least two heat exchangers, which alternately transfer heat from a heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the thermal working fluid (helium) of the thermal cycle, supplemented by the thermo-actuator cylinder,

and where the heat to heat the heat transfer fluid comes from any available source of heat such as compressor working fluid, nuclear energy, fossil combustion thermal energy, heat of thermosolar, geothermal, high residual, medium e even low temperature,

and where the cold focus or heat sink consists of at least two heat exchangers, which alternately transfer heat from a working thermal fluid (helium) of the thermal cycle complemented by the thermo-actuator cylinder, to the heat transfer fluid ( helium or hydrogen), which is cooled by means of a refrigerant that can be air or water at room temperature, a steam compression refrigeration machine, the evacuation of a turbo-expander at sub-ambient temperature, or a cooling tower conventional by air or water, equipped with two high and low temperature thermal bulbs formed by heat exchangers), where the hot spot consists of a heat exchanger that transfers heat from a heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the fluid Working thermal (helium) of the thermal cycle, supplemented by the double-acting and regenerative alternative thermo-actuator cylinder, where the heat comes from any f Available heat source such as

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working fluid of the compressor, nuclear energy, thermal energy from fossil combustion, thermosolar, geothermal, residual high, medium and even low temperature, and where the cold focus or heat sink consists of a heat exchanger that transfers heat from The working thermal fluid (helium) of the thermal cycle implemented by the double-acting and regenerative alternative thermo-actuator cylinder, to a heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen), which is cooled by means of a refrigerant that can be at air or water at room temperature, a steam compression refrigeration machine, the evacuation of a turbo expander at sub-ambient temperature, or a conventional air or water cooling tower.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

This section describes, by way of illustration and non-limitation, the components that constitute the REGENERATIVE ALTERNATIVE THERMAL MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, OF CLOSED AND OPEN PROCESSES AND ITS OPERATION PROCEDURE to facilitate the understanding of the invention, where reference is made to the following figures:

Figure 1 shows the structure of the alternative double-acting regenerative thermal machine with closed and open processes, whose components include:

- discharge duct (14) from the compressor (11) to the high temperature heat exchangers or thermal source of the cycle

- return duct (15) of the high temperature heat exchangers to the turbo-expander (12)

- evacuation duct (16) from the turbo-expander (12) to the low temperature heat exchangers or thermal sinks of the thermal cycle

- return duct (17) of the low temperature heat exchangers (sinks) towards the compressor (11)

- double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1), intercommunicated with heat exchangers (20) and (21) high temperature heat supply with heat exchangers (30) and (31) low heat absorption temperature

- piston (2) of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1)

- heat exchangers (20) and (21) of alternative high temperature heat supply to the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1)

- intercom valves (22) and (23) between the heat exchangers (20) and (21) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1).

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- heat exchangers (30) and (31) that alternatively act as a low temperature thermal sink

- intercom valves (32) and (33) between heat exchangers (30) and (31) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1).

- pressure regeneration valves (34) and (35) suction of the regeneration compressor (13).

- pressure regeneration valves (24) and (25) of regeneration compressor discharge (13).

Figure 2 shows the structure of two power units coupled in series formed by their respective double-acting thermo-actuator cylinders (1), fed by the ducts (14) and (15) for high temperature thermal source and ducts (16 ) and (17) for the heat sink.

Figure 3 shows the structure of the machine object of the invention provided with the heating and cooling or heat extraction means of the working thermal fluid, for which several alternative conventional technical means of thermal energy supply for heating the fluid of work, as well as heat extraction means for cooling the working fluid, where in the case of heating and cooling by reverse Brayton cycle, it includes the following components:

- electric starter motor (10)

- reverse Brayton cycle compressor (11)

- turbo-expander of the Brayton cycle (12)

- discharge duct (14) from the compressor (11) to the high temperature heat exchanger or thermal source of the cycle

- return duct (15) of the high temperature heat exchangers (or thermal source of the thermal cycle) to the turbo-expander (12) of the reverse Brayton cycle

- evacuation duct (16) from the turbo-expander (12) of the reverse Brayton cycle to the low temperature heat exchangers or thermal sinks of the thermal cycle

- return duct (17) of the low temperature heat exchangers (sinks) to the compressor (11) of the reverse Brayton cycle and where for cases where heat of other energy is used as the working fluid of the compressor, nuclear, or thermal energy from fossil, or thermosolar, or geothermal combustion, or

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High temperature, medium and even low temperature waste, as well as cold from air or water at room temperature, from steam compression refrigeration machines or at sub-ambient temperature, or the evacuation of turbo-expanders at sub-ambient temperature, or a conventional cooling tower, is provided with the inlet and outlet ducts and valves of the heat transfer fluid for both heat supply to heat the working thermal fluid and for heat extraction to cool the working thermal fluid, which It includes the following components:

- compressor suction valve (40) (11)

- discharge valve (41) of the compressor (11)

- turbo-expander feed valve (42) (12)

- evacuation valve (43) of the turbo-expander (12)

- coolant inlet valve (44)

- refrigerant fluid return valve (45)

- heat transfer fluid inlet valve (46)

- return valve (47) of heat transfer thermal fluid

and where the alternative double-acting regenerative thermal machine with closed and open processes includes the following components:

- compressor discharge duct (14) to high temperature heat exchangers or cycle thermal source

- return duct (15) of high temperature heat exchangers

- evacuation duct (16) from the turbo-expander (12) to the low temperature heat exchangers or thermal sinks of the thermal cycle

- return duct (17) of the low temperature heat exchangers (sinks) towards the compressor (11)

- double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1), intercommunicated with heat exchangers (20) and (21) of high temperature heat supply and with heat exchangers (30) and (31) of heat absorption of low temperature

- piston (2) of the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1)

- heat exchangers (20) and (21) of alternative high temperature heat supply to a double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1)

- intercom valves (22) and (23) between the heat exchangers (20) and (21) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1).

- heat exchangers (30) and (31) that alternatively act as a low temperature thermal sink

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- intercom valves (32) and (33) between the heat exchangers (30) and (31) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1).

- pressure regeneration valves (34) and (35) suction of the regeneration compressor (13).

- pressure regeneration valves (24) and (25) of regeneration compressor discharge (13).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention called REGENERATIVE ALTERNATIVE THERMAL MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, OF CLOSED AND OPEN PROCESSES AND ITS OPERATION PROCEDURE, is characterized by the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical and / or electrical energy via mechanical energy, by means of an unconventional thermal cycle implemented by an alternative double-acting, regenerative thermal machine that operates with closed and open processes using a working thermal fluid (helium), which is equipped with two thermal bulbs (one of high temperature to heat the working thermal fluid that acts of heat source and another of low temperature to cool the working thermal fluid that acts as a heat sink), where both foci are constituted by heat exchangers, and where the hot spot consists of at least two heat exchangers (20 ) and (21), which alternately transfer heat from a heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the thermal working fluid (helium) of the thermal cycle implemented by the thermo-actuator cylinder (1), and where the heat to heat the heat transfer fluid comes from any available source of heat such as working fluid of the Compressor, nuclear energy, thermal energy from fossil combustion, heat of thermal, geothermal, high, medium and even low temperature residual, and where the cold focus or heat sink consists of at least two heat exchangers (30) and (31), which alternately transfer heat from a working thermal fluid (helium) of the thermal cycle implemented by the thermo-actuator cylinder (1), to the heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen), which is cooled by means of a refrigerant that can be air or water at room temperature, a steam compression refrigeration machine, the evacuation of a turbo-expander at sub-ambient temperature, or a cooling tower co National by air or water, and whose components include:

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- inlet conduit (14) of the high temperature heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the high temperature heat exchangers or thermal source of the cycle

- return duct (15) of high temperature heat exchangers

- inlet duct (16) of the low temperature heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the low temperature heat exchangers or thermal sinks of the thermal cycle

- return duct (17) of low temperature heat exchangers (sinks) to the cooling medium used

- at least one double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1), intercommunicated with heat exchangers (20) and (21) of high temperature heat supply and with heat exchangers (30) and (31) absorption low temperature heat

- heat exchangers (20) and (21) of alternative high temperature heat supply to a double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1)

- intercom valves (22) and (23) between the heat exchangers (20) and (21) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1).

- heat exchangers (30) and (31) that alternatively act as a low temperature thermal sink

- intercom valves (32) and (33) between heat exchangers (30) and (31) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1).

- pressure regeneration valves (34) and (35) suction of the regeneration compressor (13).

- pressure regeneration valves (24) and (25) of regeneration compressor discharge (13).

The operating procedure of the closed process regenerative thermal machine powered by hot and cold thermal sources is such that starting from an initial situation with the elements positioned as indicated:

- piston (2) of the thermo-actuator cylinder (1) positioned in the left dead center

- valves (26), (37), (32) and (23) open,

- valves (27), (36), (24), (35), (22), (33), (25) and (34) closed,

- the working fluid in the hot heat exchanger (20) and therefore with a pressure corresponding to its current temperature,

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- and the working fluid of the heat exchanger (31) cold and therefore with a pressure corresponding to its current temperature, the valves (26) and (37) are closed, the valves (27) and (36) are opened and the valves (22) and (33) are opened, whereby the piston (2) of the thermo-actuator cylinder (1) moves to the right due to the difference in pressure between both faces thereof, performing mechanical work .

When the piston (2) approaches the right dead center, pressure is regenerated by opening the valves (35) and (24), and transferring part of the working fluid through the regeneration compressor (13) from the exchanger (31 ) to the exchanger (20). At the end of the regeneration process the valves (35) and (24), the valves (22) and (33), the valves (27) and (36) are closed, and the valves are opened.

valves (26) and (37) and valves (23) and (32), whereby the piston starts the

return shift to the left, as a result of the same pressure difference.

When the piston (2) approaches the left dead center, the pressure is regenerated by opening the valves (25) and (34), and transferring part of the working fluid through the regeneration compressor (13) from the exchanger (30 ) to the exchanger (21). At the end of the regeneration process the valves (25) and (34), the valves (23) and (32), the valves (26) and (37) are closed, and the valves are opened.

valves (27) and (36) and valves (22) and (33), to heat and cool the working fluid

in their respective heat exchangers, which begins a new cycle with the movement of the piston to the right.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The preferred configuration of the REGENERATIVE ALTERNATIVE THERMAL MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, OF CLOSED AND OPEN PROCESSES AND ITS OPERATION PROCEDURE is represented in Figure 2, where a plant equipped with one or more power units coupled in series with respect to the contribution is proposed. of heat and in parallel with respect to the transfer of heat, where each of them includes the following components:

- inlet conduit (14) of the high temperature heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the high temperature heat exchangers or thermal source of the cycle

- return duct (15) of high temperature heat exchangers

- inlet conduit (16) of the low temperature heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the low temperature heat exchangers or thermal sinks of the thermal cycle.

5 - return duct (17) of low temperature heat exchangers

(sinks) towards the cooling medium used

- at least one double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1), intercommunicated with heat exchangers (20) and (21) of high temperature heat supply and with heat exchangers (30) and (31) absorption of low temperature heat.

10 - heat exchangers (20) and (21) of alternative high heat supply

temperature to a double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1)

- intercom valves (22) and (23) between the heat exchangers (20) and (21) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1).

- heat exchangers (30) and (31) that alternatively act as a low temperature thermal sink 15

- intercom valves (32) and (33) between heat exchangers (30) and (31) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1).

- pressure regeneration valves (34) and (35) suction of the regeneration compressor (13).

20 - pressure regeneration valves (24) and (25) compressor discharge

regeneration (13).

Claims (1)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 1st. REGENERATIVE ALTERNATIVE THERMAL MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, OF CLOSED AND OPEN PROCESSES AND ITS OPERATION PROCEDURE, is characterized by the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical and / or electrical energy via mechanical energy, by means of an unconventional thermal cycle implemented by means of a alternative double-acting, regenerative thermal machine that operates with closed and open processes using a working thermal fluid (helium), which is equipped with two thermal bulbs (one of high temperature to heat the working thermal fluid that acts as a source of heat and other low temperature to cool the working thermal fluid that acts as a heat sink), where both foci are constituted by heat exchangers, and where the hot spot consists of at least two heat exchangers (20) and (21 ), which alternately transfers heat from a heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the fluid t Working heat (helium) of the thermal cycle implemented by the thermo-actuator cylinder (1), and where the heat to heat the heat transfer fluid comes from any available source of heat such as compressor working fluid, nuclear energy , fossil combustion thermal energy, heat of thermosolar, geothermal, high, medium and even low temperature residual, and where the cold focus or heat sink consists of at least two heat exchangers (30) and (31), which alternately transfer heat from a working thermal fluid (helium) of the thermal cycle implemented by the thermo-actuator cylinder (1), to the heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen), which is cooled by means of a refrigerant that can be air or water at room temperature, a steam compression refrigeration machine, the evacuation of a turbo-expander at sub-ambient temperature, or a conventional air or water cooling tower, and whose components include: - inlet conduit (14) of the high temperature heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the high temperature heat exchanger or thermal source of the cycle. - return duct (15) of high temperature heat exchangers - inlet conduit (16) of the low temperature heat transfer fluid (helium or hydrogen) to the low temperature heat exchangers or thermal sinks of the thermal cycle. - return duct (17) of the low temperature heat exchangers (sinks) to the cooling medium used. 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 - at least one double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1), intercommunicated with heat exchangers (20) and (21) of high temperature heat supply and with heat exchangers (30) and (31) absorption low temperature heat - heat exchangers (20) and (21) of alternative high temperature heat supply to a double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1). - intercom valves (22) and (23) between the heat exchangers (20) and (21) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1). - heat exchangers (30) and (31) that alternatively act as a low temperature thermal sink. - intercom valves (32) and (33) between heat exchangers (30) and (31) with the double acting thermo-actuator cylinder (1). - pressure regeneration valves (34) and (35) suction of the regeneration compressor (13). - pressure regeneration valves (24) and (25) of regeneration compressor discharge (13). 2nd. REGENERATIVE ALTERNATIVE THERMAL MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, OF CLOSED AND OPEN PROCESSES AND ITS OPERATING PROCEDURE, according to claim one, characterized by being constituted by one or more units consisting of regenerative double-acting thermo-actuating cylinders (1) coupled in series with respect to the heat input and in parallel with respect to the heat transfer, wherein each of them includes the components of claim 1a. 3rd. Operational procedure of the REGENERATIVE ALTERNATIVE THERMAL MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, OF CLOSED AND OPEN PROCESSES according to claim 1, is such that starting from an initial situation with the elements positioned as indicated: - piston (2) of the thermo-actuator cylinder (1) positioned in the left dead center - valves (26), (37), (32) and (23) open, - valves (27), (36), (24), (35), (22), (33), (25) and (34) closed, - the working fluid in the hot heat exchanger (20) and therefore with a pressure corresponding to its current temperature, - and the working fluid of the heat exchanger (31) cold and therefore with a pressure corresponding to its current temperature, the valves (26) and (37) are closed, the valves (27) and (36) open and the valves (22) and (33) are opened, whereby the piston (2) of the thermo-actuator cylinder (1) moves to the right due to the difference in pressures between both sides of it, performing mechanical work. 5 When the piston (2) approaches the right dead center, pressure is regenerated by opening the valves (35) and (24), and transferring part of the working fluid through the regeneration compressor (13) from the exchanger ( 31) to the exchanger (20). At the end of the regeneration process the valves (35) and (24), the valves (22) and (33), the valves (27) and (36) are closed, and the 10 valves (26) and (37) are opened ) and the valves (23) and (32), with which the piston starts the return movement to the left, as a result of the same pressure difference. When the piston approaches the left dead, the pressure is regenerated by opening the valves (25) and (34), and transferring part of the working fluid through the regeneration compressor (13) from the exchanger (30) to the Exchanger (21). At the end of the regeneration process the valves (25) and (34), the valves (23) and (32), the valves (26) and (37) are closed, and the valves (27) and (36) are opened and the valves (22) and (33) to heat and cool the working fluid in their respective 20 heat exchangers, thereby starting a new cycle with the piston movement to the right.