ES2677446A1 - APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DEHYDRATION AND DOMESTIC DISTILLATION IN VACUUM, WITHOUT USE OF EXTERNAL PUMPS, OR DRYING PRODUCTS (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus and method of dehydration and domestic distillation in vacuum, without the use of external pumps, or drying products. Making the vacuum by expanding the vacuum chamber (s), using power screws or other means of force, eg hydraulic, levers etc. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

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APPARATUS AND METHOD OF DEHYDRATION AND DOMESTIC DISTILLATION IN EMPTY, WITHOUT USING EXTERNAL PUMPS, Nl DRYING PRODUCTS.

Making the vacuum by expanding the vacuum chamber (s), using power screws or other means of force, for example hydraulic, levers, etc.

TECHNICAL SECTOR

F26B general drying 5/04 by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure F15 1/06 acting on the boundary layer.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Since ancient times, humans have taken advantage of variations in pressure and temperature, in the drying of products for conservation, the chuno of the Incas, hams in the mountains, or fish dried in cold air currents of the Eskimos, are Good examples of that. In 1869 US 90545 describes an apparatus that uses the advantages of vacuum to accelerate e! malt drying process, in 1898 the pat. US 626579 details another system of drying tobacco in barrels, making in these a partial vacuum, in 1900 the gadget detailed in document US 698534 vacuum dryer of previously frozen products, probably sublimated at some moments of the process, depending on the level of vacuum applied (lyophilizing). Until the decade of the sixties where it is fixed that lyophilization is sublimation drying, there are numerous patents of dryers that are approaching, US1415623 in 1922 two chambers cold heat, US1756992 of 1930 a paste dryer, US888257 vacuum drying apparatus , US2411152 method for freezing and drying liquids and semi-solids, US2765236 of 1956 dryer without freezing before, US2858795A in 1934 vacuum drying or sublimation drying apparatus, US2994132 of 1957 frozen drying apparatus, US3270433 of 1963 lyophilizer, US3262212 of 1963 freeze-drying process, US 3352024 in 1967 freeze-drying process, US 4033048 in 1977 freeze-dryer with microwave and spray. W02015101681 of 2015 a laboratory freeze dryer.

On the other hand in 1911 the US1123113 patent exposes a recovery apparatus (applying vacuum) of the alcohol used as a solvent for shellac that is used in the process of manufacturing hats, numerous patents in the world of oil refining, take advantage of the vacuum, serve as example WO2014154923 A1. All these machines work with pressures below atmospheric. For

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generate e! There are multiple ways to do it, depending on the use to which this vacuum is intended, lever suction cups, or screw cups like US2609611, from the year 1950. US522848 in 1894 a vacuum generator, vacuum pumps of different types (piston, diaphragm, vane rotary, side channel, thermopumps, turbomolecular, etc.) US1093313 piston 1912. Syringes US5788463 of 1998, vacuum generating guns by lever US501138 of 1971, US5478216 of 1995, US4565506 of 1986, US2049872 A of 1934, vacuum generators for jars US 2669176 DE 1951, US1635815 of 1927, US22406771 of 1946, etc.

Vacuum cooker, US956508 sugar dryer in 1909, US2753158A in 1953 vacuum cooking such as US20140305947A, US5767487 subatmospheric pressure cooking machine, this vacuum can also be used as an insulator US1009549 in 1911 homo electric cooker, consisting of a homo whose walls They have a camera that has been made e! empty, like US5643485, US20090133688, in the 70s the “sous vide” kitchen appears, consisting of cooking food at low temperature, for long periods of time and at reduced pressure, achieving a more exact cooking point and preserving the properties better of food, which when applying high temperatures US20080066624A1, US7012229A1,

WO2015056284A1, plastic bags such as US3912823 of 73, or aluminum such as DE2516048A1 are necessary for this type of kitchen, with their vacuum sealing machines with the disadvantage of plasticizing food, with the consequent risk of contamination by chemical products of the manufacture of The bags, in the exchange of temperature, between the inside of the bag and the hot water, the utility model W02005094641A1, solves this problem by emptying the container, such as freeze-dryers, by using an external vacuum pump.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the present invention is to create an apparatus that brings lyophilization and distillation closer to a greater number of locations, reducing both the cost of the gadgets and the energy they consume in the processes they perform, using the devices available for other uses, recovering the energy they waste.

One of the sections that most expensive these devices are the vacuum pumps (they are expensive, you have to know how to use them, they have a maintenance and consume energy), the present invention eliminates this cost, creating the vacuum by the extension of the camera / s s, through the use of power screws (1), hydraulic means or others

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force means, designed to venerate at atmospheric pressure (1kg / cm2), plus the force necessary to maintain the tightness of the moving parts thereof, this same mechanism can also be used as a pressure pump giving the device new uses, as for example the regulation of the pressure between 0 and several bars, in the processes of congelation, to vary, both the shape, and the size of the crystals.

Another consumption of these devices is the application of heat, and this can be saved, using the heat given off by the lighting lamps, designing our device as an incandescent or allogenous lamp holder, even LED Another need for the described device, is cold, both for the area that acts as a condenser, as in the freezing processes of the material to be sublimed (dried), for this purpose this invention can be coupled to the doors of the refrigerators already existing in our homes, using refrigerant circuits or integrating it into the doors of the new-built refrigerators, and may also be used independently of them, in another location, by means of an enveloping tank of the areas to be refrigerated, containing refrigerated liquid or refrigerant gas,

The operation of the device, once in use, is simple, we have a cold area, to which we have made the vacuum and at the same time we create a space in which there is a liquid retention tank, thermally insulated, to retain and maintain cold the product of condensation, with the purpose that it does not evaporate again.

On the other hand we have an area where the product to be dehydrated is communicated with the previous one (therefore also in a vacuum) where we will apply the excess heat of the lighting or other means of temperature increase, including solar energy by means of reflectors or directly, creating a vapor that will occupy all the free space, including that of the condensation zone and that on contact with the cold walls of this liqueur (condensate), depositing in the container arranged for this purpose, this being able to be outside of the device too.

To accelerate this process, taking into account that the amount of steam in a gram of water is approx. 1700cc (one liter = 1700 liters of steam) we can place a fan in the condensation zone, to move and improve the steam contact , with the condenser surfaces.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the construction and operation of this

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The invention includes a series of illustrative, non-limiting drawings, based on vertical sections of the device at different times, of the process performed: Figure 1, - Shows a vertical code of the closed device, loaded with the product to be treated, before expansion which will produce the vacuum and where, the parts are numbered. Figure 2.- Shows a vertical cut of the device once expanded, where e! Vapor stream travel.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Starting from a container of increasing form (1), preferably of a transparent material and resistant to changes in pressure and temperature, for example dura, pyrex, or similar to which we will attach a source of heat preferably emitting light, LEDs with heatsink (2), a heatsink that can be part of the trays or helical tray inside and that serve to contain the product to be dehydrated (6) or be in contact with the outside of said container, which in turn is inside a hermetic space delimited by a material also transparent (3) and provided with a vacuum valve (4), to realize a partial vacuum (5) that serves as an insulator of the external temperature, connected to the main container by a piece (7) , or being part of it. in which a gasket (8) of elastic material is housed to keep the two parts of the device tight, by means of the fastening means that we have, in the figures a threaded closure (9) is represented, in turn we will also arrange the mechanisms of separation of the trays (10) that can be by means of springs, extensions with tubes as shown in the figures or others, housed inside, above the trays we will have a liquid retention tank product of dehydration (11) with an insulating vacuum inside (12) calculated for the use to which we are destined and which can also be attached outside provided with its own vacuum means.

On the other hand, a main body provided with the fastening means (9) for joining the previously described container, having a second elastic seal (15) and wrapped in a container (16) to retain coolant (17), anchored to which there is a fastening element (18) of the ACME nut (19) operated by the Ratchet Ship (20) that move the power screw (21) attached to the assembly that acts as a movable wall (14) in which various devices, elastic seals acting as segments (22) and having a (23) pressure adjustment system, a cooling coil (24) a fan (25) moved by an integrated motor (26) in addition to a multi-purpose valve , outlet, air-liquid outlet (27)

Claims (1)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 1st. Dehydrating device (lyophilizer), distiller, dispenser, variable pressure cooler, without the use of external pumps, or drying products, which generates the vacuum by expanding the sealed chambers and increases the pressure by reducing its space by using power screws or other means Hydraulic, comprising two parts joined by mechanical means (threaded, lever, etc.) provided with one or more seals between both parts: A first part of decreasing form, intended to contain the product to be processed, thermally insulated (5) to retain the heat or cold applied and equipped with the means to apply it, being able to be translucent (1 and 3) for greater use of energy consumed if we use lighting lamps (2), when the process requires the application of heat. Equipped with a system of trays (28) or movable helical tray by various rigid or elastic systems for their separation or approach between them in the case of trays (10) or stretching in the case of the helical continuous tray, these can be watertight. liquids or with a semi-solid grid bottom, as the case may be, intended to contain the products to be manufactured, for greater efficiency, by increasing the evaporation surface (boundary layer). And a second part comprising: an expansion system, characterized by being formed by at least one rigid cover (14) that would be the mobile wall of the vacuum chamber (as a piston) with the appropriate shape, cover or mobile wall in which a power screw (21) is integrated in which one or more elastic seals (22) are housed, with a mechanism that adjusts them by pressure (23), and which run along a main body (13 ), which is attached to the first part by means of said threaded closure (7) or other means of closing, lever, screws, etc. to keep the joint or joints (8 and 15) compressed between the two parts of the device, making it airtight, 2nd. Variable pressure freezing method, using the device of revindication 1a, having the device full and if with the valve open, we take the mobile wall to its maximum opening after closing the valve, when tightening the power screw or other system to reduce the camera we will create in this one, an overpressure being able to be of several bars. If we start from the bottom point and after closing the valve, we act on the same means by enlarging the chamber we will have a vacuum, which 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 Depending on the initial product filling, it can be a few millibars, with the aim of getting some ice crystals when introducing the device in the freezer, in different ways and size depending on the product and the final finish we want. 3a Method of dehydration with vacuum, by means of the device of claim 1a, the first part of the device being filled and this hermetic closed with the second part thereof, with the valve open, we will place the mobile wall (piston), at the most close to the product to be treated, then closing the valve and then acting on the mechanical means arranged for it, expanding, or the vacuum chambers, this vacuum being able to reach the necessary values for lyophilization if we have previously frozen them according to claim 2a and in whose chambers, we will have arranged at least one liquid retention tank, so that they do not return to the product and at least one condensation surface of the vapors that are formed when heat is applied to the product, with the means arranged for such effect according to the case. 4th. Vacuum distillation method with the device of claim 1a, acting as in claim 3a, with different condensation temperatures to achieve fractional distillation. Another advantage of vacuum distillation is the low evaporation temperature, deteriorating the resulting products less, which in the case of wine respects more the original flavors. 5th. Use as a metering dispenser, putting the inside of the device under pressure and attaching a small tap, 6a. Use as an energy recuperator of the heat emitted by the lighting lamps, using allogenic or “led” incandescent lamps taking advantage of the heat released by these lighting systems for other uses (cooked, pasteurized) 7a. Vacuum cooking, whose novelty is the lack of vacuum pumps, this being a solar cooker, with the right reflectors, fresnel lenses or simply directly.