ES2641905B1 - METHOD FOR THE PROCESSING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND REACTOR OF ELECTRICAL INDUCTION AND SOLAR CONCENTRATION FOR THE PROCESSING METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for processing high temperature materials and electric induction reactor and solar concentration for the processing method. # Reactor formed by the conjunction of an induction spiral electric induction furnace, without a core, and a solar furnace that receives concentrated radiation through a window transparent to solar radiation, both furnaces heating a target piece located at the focal point of solar radiation, this common point being at the intersection or in the vicinity of the intersection of the axes of both ovens, until reaching temperatures equal to or greater than the sublimation or vaporization temperature of substances that are conductors of electricity above their temperature of 2500 ° C. It allows raising the temperature of the conductive substance to a maximum value greater than 4000 ° C. Achieving a reactor that does not require high demands for solar concentration, which has high efficiency, easy automation.

Description

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

DESCRIPTION

METHOD FOR THE PROCESSING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS AND REACTOR OF ELECTRICAL INDUCTION AND SOLAR CONCENTRATION FOR THE PROCESSING METHOD

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention, as the title of the invention establishes, a method for the processing of high temperature materials, as well as a thermal reactor as a solar oven where the phenomena of induced current heating and heating are added by solar concentration, on a material located in the solar focus. The additive effect of both phenomena on electrically conductive substances produces the range of temperatures above 4000 ° C. It is the conjunction of a solar oven plus an electric induction furnace without a core, in a single device.

Consequently, sublimation and dissociation of materials such as Magnesium oxide is obtained in order to obtain pure Magnesium, graphite in order to obtain Carbon Nanotubes, Fullerenes, etc. and in general materials or substances that require a large amount of energy. concentrated thermal for processing and that, by themselves constitute an energy store (Magnesium is an energy store for its ability to oxidize in a strong exothermic reaction and Carbon Nanotubes can store Hydrogen) or have a great technical importance. Carbon and magnesium nanotubes have an interest in batteries and fuel cells. They are also used to make high strength and low weight composites. Fullerenes have multiple applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The following patents related to the object of the invention are known in the current state of the art:

US5556517A and US6077401A patents state that the use of concentrated solar radiation allows the obtaining of nanoparticles derived from the sublimation of graphite.

Said patent US5556517A and patent FR2710049A1 propose the joint use of electrical energy and solar radiation for the sublimation of graphite. The first refers to

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

arc discharge and also resistive heating by means of a piece of tungsten. The second to heating by ohmic resistance.

In induction furnaces graphite is used as a piece called a susceptor. It is a conductive material with the ability to transmit heat and also with a high capacity to absorb electromagnetic energy and convert it into heat.

Some solar ovens reach concentrations of 10,000 soles reaching temperatures of more than 3000 ° C (Odeillo oven) in the center of the solar focus. However, for this level of concentration it has been necessary to build a solar power plant with a parabolic concentrator of very large dimensions and a field of mirrors. Or place secondary concentrators that are subject to high thermal wear.

In 1998 and 1999, Feuremann and Gordon, using discoparabolic concentrators and light transport using optical fiber, reached concentrations of 700 W / cm2, that is, 7,000 soles. Hardly with concentrators of metric dimensions are able to exceed 3000 ° C at the target point or solar focus.

There is a practical limit in the solar concentration of 1,000W / cm2 and a theoretical limit of 1,200W / cm2 for concentration of light in a vacuum or in the air.

The patents JP2015101765A, JP2014231917A, JP2014084501A with the sole use of solar radiation, have limited production of pure Magnesium due to reaching, in the best case, the dissociation temperature without margin and with very low pressures. That is, it is at the border of the temperature attainable by solar energy.

It has been tried to obtain Magnesium from the reduction of Magnesium Oxide in combination with Si at more than 4000 ° C by means of a solid-state Nd-Yag laser powered by concentrated solar energy, however the results obtained so far have been insufficient Since the laser efficiency is low. In addition, the cost of Nd-Yag crystals is expensive.

In order to obtain Magnesium from Magnesium Oxide, through the use of electric current, the patented methods work at less than 3000 ° C and require cost in production of electrical energy. Intermediate reagents are used, or the MgO is dissolved in MgF2, or CO or CO2 are produced which are contaminants.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

The procedure "Solid Oxide Membrane Electrolysis for Magnesium Production" that uses a Carnot salt to dissolve magnesia, although it reaches good efficiencies and therefore low energy consumption and has the absence of intermediate reagents consumption, has the problem of degradation of the membrane and therefore insufficient durability due to the use of high temperatures.

Some solar furnaces have been built that combined with the electric induction licuan Aluminio (liquefaction point below 1000 ° C) but the electric energy is used as a substitute on non-sunny days, since this temperature can be reached without the use of electricity when solar radiation is available

Non-solar induction furnaces are currently used for the processing of Magnesium alloys. Metals, unlike ionic solids, when the temperature rises and in particular when they liquefy become non-conductive, which is why induction furnaces applied to metal processing do not overlap the field of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is a device capable of raising the temperature of a conductive substance of electricity to a maximum value above 4000 ° C due to the additive effect of the phenomena of: Joule effect due to the electrical induction on the conductive part and concentration of the solar radiation on said piece, all this in a single furnace that can be referred to as induction electrothermosolar.

The problem to be solved is explained like this. Due to the fact that the theoretical maximum concentration of 12000 soles cannot be exceeded in vacuum by means of solar radiation (L 'Etendue principle), the achievable temperature is limited to a maximum value not exceeding 3000 ° C. In practice, the dissociation temperature of Magnesium Oxide is very low and in the current state of the art it is not possible to overcome it using only solar radiation. In any case, the production of Magnesium is limited. Regarding the transformation of solid graphite into steam, when working with temperatures limited to 2800-3000 ° C, the final product obtained is a heterogeneous mixture of undesirable particles: amorphous carbon, carbon coated with metal nanoparticles, intermingled with nanoparticles and fullerenes of different sizes.

Fiber optic cables are connected to a quartz window on its external face

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

They transport through it sunlight captured at the focal points of a panel of minidiscoparabolic concentrators, until reaching a concentration in the objective focal point equal to or greater than 7000 soles and therefore a temperature of approximately 3000 ° C.

With inclination to the axis of the inverted conical or inverted pyramidal cavity through which sunlight enters in the direction of the solar focus, a copper inductor element is placed, which follows a flat spiral path (suitable for localized heating) being the section of this hollow conductor with square or rectangular geometry. Therefore, the axis of the flat spiral (understood by this to the line perpendicular to the plane of the spiral and passing through its center) is inclined with respect to the axis of the inverted cone where solar radiation enters. It is sought with this inclination that the movement of ionized vapor, which follows the flow lines of the magnetic field, is produced by evacuating the solar concentration zone and transporting the fluid out of the inverted cone. If there is a coincidence of both axes, the tendency of the steam would be to rise giving shade in the place where the maximum concentration of solar radiation should be produced and deposited in the window where sunlight enters.

Said spiral is internally cooled by a circuit that carries water. It is preceded by the device itself of an induction furnace: AC-DC converter in case of not receiving direct current and also a DC-AC high frequency inverter.

By means of an induction furnace, maximum energy concentrations between 1000-1500 W / cm2 can be reached, energy density more than enough for the purposes here intended.

At the focal point of concentration of sunlight, the part to be sublimated is placed. It is a piece of either graphite or MgO magnesia.

To reinforce the evacuation of the plasma and avoid its recombination, the contribution of a noble gas such as argon, which is poured in the vicinity of the solar focus, is made. Another conduit that provides noble gas in the vicinity of the quartz window also avoids the unwanted effect already mentioned of contaminating said condensed steam window that would prevent the flow of solar radiation through it.

In magnesia (MgO) at 500 ° C the conductivity of this oxide is 10 "13S / cm and at 1,700 ° C the conductivity is 10" 5S / cm, which clearly demonstrates that it increases its

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

conductivity with temperature. Ionic crystals when dissolved or when they melt, become conductors of electricity because of the increased mobility of conductive particles, cations and anions. At a very high temperature, the energy of the electron grows and its ability to jump from the valence band to the conduction band is increased, despite the banned band energy being very high. At 2500 ° C, Magnesium Oxide (MgO) becomes conductive (currently this phenomenon is used to melt magnesia (2800 ° C) using the technique known as "submerged arc" which uses the heating of the compound by Joule effect by cause of electric shock between electrodes). Once molten magnesia (which comes from an ionic solid) remains conductive and therefore susceptible to the phenomenon of electrical induction. The graph of Figure 7 shows the growth in conductivity with temperature.

Concentration solar energy can exceed 2500 ° C even reach 3000 ° C and therefore liquefy the Magnesium Oxide, introducing the material, as discussed in a temperature domain in which it shows conductive properties. Taking advantage of this property, the copper spiral through which alternating current circulates creates a magnetic field in the inner area of the disk that surrounds, which in turn creates induced currents on the target target surface or conductive charge, all described by law. from Faraday-Lenz. By Joule effect, the piece is heated well above the temperature imposed by the strict solar radiation if there is no induction furnace. The solar reflection system is thus released from exaggerated demands for light concentration (precision in the mirrors and in the solar tracking system) that are on the border of the impossible with solar radiation.

The induction furnace creates an increase in temperature of more than 1000 ° C that, in addition to the existing 3000 ° C as a result of solar radiation (sufficient to reach the liquefaction of magnesia), leads to a final temperature greater than 4000 ° C, these being left over to vaporize and dissociate Magnesium Oxide (condenses at 2851.85 ° C and boiling 3599.85 ° C) and also graphite. At low pressures and high temperatures graphite passes from solid to gaseous state without melting.

For graphite, the vapor pressure is variable with the temperature according to the attached graph in figure 8

By reaching more than 4000 ° C there is a higher vapor pressure available, so working below atmospheric pressure substantially increases the production of

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

sublimated substance On the other hand, working at atmospheric pressure leads to ease of processing and absence of energy consumption because it is not necessary to perform the vacuum. That is, working at high temperature brings benefits at high or low pressure.

Graphite is a conductor of electricity even once sublimated and it does not lose conductivity at high temperatures so the presence of induced currents is guaranteed.

On the other hand, in MgO at least 3450 ° C is needed to make Gibs free energy AG ° = 0 J / mol. Thus, the dissociation occurs before the vaporization temperature, which constitutes a great advantage because once the material has been vaporized, no additional actions are required to disassociate it.

The induced currents take place on the surface of the objective conductive part, precisely the place where solar radiation is received, because it is on that surface where the temperature is maximum for MgO (in fact the liquefaction temperature is exceeded) and therefore The conductivity is maximum. Therefore, it is on the face exposed to the sun of the target part where the expressed additive effect is reached and where the energy input of the induction furnace is consumed. It is a local phenomenon on that surface.

The container where the piece supports or of MgO or graphite, is constituted of a thermally and electrically insulating material like the rest of the insulating walls of the device. It is also MgO. When solar radiation does not receive it directly, it does not raise its temperature and therefore does not become conductive, consequently it is not affected by induced currents, this being the reason why the target piece raises its temperature and the material on the That supports no.

At less vacuum pressure, sublimation is favored, however the excessive absence of inert gas facilitates recombination for the particular case of MgO.

Both for the processing of Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes, as well as for obtaining pure Magnesium, one always works at a pressure equal to or below atmospheric pressure, ensuring that the pressure-temperature binomial is far from the vapor pressure curve that marks the stable balance between the vapor phase and the solid phase. 4000 ° C and 45000 Pa is a pair of values that guarantees efficient production.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

As shown in the diagram, the pipes introduce the Argon by directing the steam outlet towards a hollow sheet or plate made of water-cooled copper internally by tubes of the cooling circuit. Upon contacting the ionized Magnesium or Carbon on this cooled surface, they solidify.

For the growth of Carbon Nanotubes the copper piece is doped with particles of Iron, Cobalt or Nickel (as is done in the known laser ablation method for the growth of Carbon Nanotubes).

The outlet of the oven, widens in order to let the oxygen and Argon evacuate. It has been shown that the evacuated Magnesium vapor crystallizes on the surface of the cooled Copper. Mg + 2 particles will adhere to the cold copper surface, where there are free electrons, through which it creates bonds with said surface, producing a reduction reaction. The ionized oxygen passes to molecular oxygen O2, therefore being neutral and unaffected by the presence of the copper foil. By becoming neutral it is little affected by the magnetic field (although it is slightly paramagnetic). In any case, it repels ionized oxygen.

To increase the effect of repulsion of the Copper foil to the anions of O-2 and of attraction of the Mg + 2 cations, this is charged as an electrode by means of an electric voltage converting it into an anode or electrode (-). Magnesium ions accelerate towards the copper foil, increasing production. A similar method is used to accelerate the ions in the plasma of an ECR reactor by applying an electrical potential difference.

Oxygen and Argon are evacuated and subsequently segregated. Argon is recycled or reintroduced into the system. The Oxygen is liquefied in a condensation chamber by any of the known procedures.

The automation of the process is constituted by a hydraulic cylinder that moves the magnesia or graphite bar, through a support with a support mast of non-conductive materials in order not to dissipate energy in an inappropriate place due to induced currents, connected to the hydraulic cylinder by a clamp. As the bar to be sublimated, the cylinder is consumed, it moves by placing the end of the bar at the solar focal point.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

As an alternative, for the production of Magnesium, the vapor pressure of the Argon can be substantially reduced and using Silicon which, when combined with the Oxygen, facilitates the segregation of the Magnesium towards the Copper plate. In this case the objective solid piece or tablet would be formed by a solid mixture of Silicon and Magnesium Oxide in a 1: 2 ratio. With the drawback that the price of current Silicon is similar to that of Magnesium.

To have a non-polluting procedure, the electric current in the induction spiral comes from renewable energies. Wind energy is especially attractive because of its high efficiency. The introduction of thermal energy into the reactor (either light or electric) achieves high efficiency in places with sun and wind simultaneously.

The cooling water of the copper hollow plate and the inductor spiral is heated and it has the possibility of being used for multiple purposes: domestic or industrial use, or in turn moving a steam turbine, which avoids resorting to photovoltaic panels to supply the electric current. In one way or another the heat transported by the cooling water does not necessarily mean a loss of energy efficiency. In the case of the turbine, the same water is recirculated in a closed cycle or circuit.

The improvements in the current state of the art are:

- Magnesium is an excellent energy store. It has an energy density much higher than that of Hydrogen (since it presents problems of lack of storage density 120 MJ / kg and 8.5 GJ / m3 at the temperature of 20K), and can compete with gasoline (50 MJ / Kg and 39 GJ / m3). Magnesium has 25.2 MJ / Kg and 43.8 GJ / m3.

- With the proposed method, no intermediate reagents are required to obtain Magnesium. In addition, it is not necessary to build a solar laser (it uses expensive crystals) or electric discharges that wear electrodes, or the use of a membrane that has the problem of durability. No polluting gases are produced.

- High demands on solar concentration are not required. To achieve the sublimation of Magnesium without reagents, without Carnot salt and only with solar radiation, 10,000 soles are required, which would require high perfection in the solar tracker, absence of atmospheric dust, high reflectivity, low deformability of the reflector support structure. Having the support of the induced electric current reaching 4000 ° C is perfectly possible.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

- The overall efficiency of the system is very high. Although in the photovoltaic panels for obtaining the electric current the efficiency is low (10% for conventional silicon plates), the efficiency of introducing solar radiation into the reactor is high, 70-85%. Since the electrical power to be introduced into the system is much lower than the required solar light power (the electrical energy acts only as a complement), the joint efficiency taking into account all the exposed surfaces (photovoltaic panels or wind turbines plus concentrators parabolic trough) is greater than 50% (much higher than the best of lasers). These are efficiencies of the energy delivery to the surface to be heated. The overall efficiency exceeds 20% if only the production of Magnesium or Nanoparticles is taken into account. Hot water turbine cooling improves these numbers. If hot water production is included for other purposes, the overall efficiency exceeds 40%.

- The system presents an easy automation simple to manufacture.

- The electric induction has an efficiency in energy delivery greater than 90%. It also has the advantage of rapid action, in just a few seconds the maximum temperature is acquired.

- If photovoltaic panels are used, direct current is available directly, then the AC / DC converter for the induction furnace can be suppressed, although an inverter is required.

- In the described device, the induced currents keep the material heated even when it is in a plasma state which prevents recombination during the transport of the steam through the flow lines of the magnetic field. Electric induction is usually used to heat plasmas (induction coupled plasma).

- No expensive materials are required, except for cobalt doped to produce nanotubes (iron that is cheap can also be used). The lower prices of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, currently at € 1 / w, make this renewable energy technology competitive in sunny places, and even more so if the wind resource is also available.

- As both Carbon Nanotubes and Pure Magnesium can be produced, both materials can be used together. For example: raw material for a future battery or fuel cell, where the fuel is Magnesium and one of the electrodes is superficially constituted of Nanotubes. Or elaboration of a composite of Magnesium matrix reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes.

- The system requires little space and can be implemented in a home. (may

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

produce the thermal and electrical energy consumed in a house in a sunny place with availability of average solar radiation of 800 W / m2, requiring 5-6 m2 of mirror surface). Regarding the storage of energy in tower plants, it implies greater efficiency because the transport of solid Magnesium is cheaper than the transport of electric current in the network. In addition to being an energy store can be used whenever you want, while the melting of salts in tower plants has only a few hours of life. Energy sizing requires less infrastructure than power sizing.

- Regarding the production of Carbon Nanoparticles, the proposed mixed method (electric induction + solar) is a less heterogeneous final product with respect to pure solar methods as well as greater production (PT point farther from the pressure curve steam). A great energy saving with respect to pure electrical methods (arc discharge) or with lasers powered by electric current (this method is not used due to its high energy consumption). With regard to mixed methods (solar + electric) where electricity is transmitted by arc discharge or ohmic resistance, electrical induction is a more easily industrializable working method and a more uniform distribution of transferred energy in the place where it is added to solar radiation which results in a more homogeneous final product. Compared to other methods such as CVD, fossil fuels are not used.

Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific elements used herein have the meaning normally understood by a person skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. In the practice of the present invention procedures and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used.

Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be apparent in part of the description and part of the practice of the invention.

EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, an integral part of said description is attached, an

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

set of drawings in which with the illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented.

In Figure 1, we can see a sectioned representation in front view of the induction and concentration reactor object of the invention

In Figure 2, we can see a detail of the top of the reactor.

Figure 3 shows a detail of the sheet or hollow plate where the sublimed material is deposited.

In Figure 4, diagrams of the position of the solar tracking system in relation to the solar oven can be seen.

Figure 5 shows a solar collection system formed by mini-parabolic reflectors and secondary reflectors.

In figure 6, a schematic drawing of the recycling circuits of cold water, electric current and inert gas is observed.

Figure 7 shows the growth of conductivity with temperature.

Figure 8 shows for graphite how the vapor pressure is variable with the temperature

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the figures, a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention is described below.

The method object of the invention basically consists in raising the temperature of an electrically conductive substance to a value greater than 4000 ° C due to the additive effect of the Joule effect phenomena due to an electrical induction produced by a copper spiral over the conductive piece and concentration of solar radiation on said piece.

Where the concentration of solar radiation takes place over a focal point where it is

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

The conductive part is placed and the spiral is placed around the focal point.

The conductive substance is either graphite to produce Carbon Nanoparticles and Fullerenes, or Magnesium Oxide to be dissociated and sublimed, in order to produce pure Magnesium without the presence of intermediate reagents.

The working atmosphere is an inert gas such as Helium or Argon, which is used for the evacuation of sublimated substances from the solar focus, and the working pressure is equal to or less than atmospheric pressure.

In the figures the electric induction reactor and solar concentration can be observed for the processing of high temperature materials comprising an inverted conical (1) or pyramidal cavity which at its lower end has the focal point (4) and a flat spiral (6 ) of an inclined position, surrounding or wrapping the focal point (4), upper end of a bar (9) or part of the product to be sublimated, which is supported by means of displacement that move the bar towards the solar focus as it the product to be sublimated is consumed, where the conical cavity (1) has a supply ducts (13) (14) of a noble gas and an outlet window (8) for the sublimed product, being in front of said window (8) a sublimation zone formed by a hollow sheet or plate (18) of copper that cooled serves as a support for crystallization of the sublimed product vapor, the sublimation zone having windows or evacuation ports (23) to both sides of the sheet or hollow plate (18).

The assembly formed by the inverted conical cavity (1) and the sublimation zone is arranged on insulating walls (16) inside which are arranged the means of movement that move the product to sublimate towards the solar focus as it is consumed. The direction of movement of the product to be sublimated depends on the position of the solar oven.

The inverted conical cavity (1) has in its upper part a quartz window (3) in which a series of fiber optic cables (2) that transport sunlight are connected on its external face, which has been able to be captured by for example, in the focal points of a disk-parabolic concentrator panels. Optionally, there are other alternatives to the use of optical fiber. The sunlight (5) once crossed the quartz window (3) is directed towards the focal point (4).

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

The supply ducts of a noble gas (20) are a first duct (13) that runs along the outer face of the conical cavity (1) to the focal point, and a second duct (14) that, horizontally, provides noble gas to the focal point (4).

The flat spiral (6) has an axis in an inclined arrangement with respect to the axis of the inverted conical cavity (1) searching with said obliqueness that the movement of the ionized vapor, which follows the lines of the magnetic field (17), occurs so that the solar concentration zone is evacuated through the evacuation window (8) arranged laterally on the inverted conical cavity (1). Other magnetic flux lines (24) are not followed for the evacuation of the Mg + 2 plasma given the asymmetric position of the piece to be vaporized (9) in the area (4) with respect to the axis of the spiral (6). The flat spiral coil (6) of Copper has cooling ducts (7) that carry water, and is electrically powered by hollow Copper conductors (15).

The support means of the bar or part (9) to be sublimated are arranged on an insulating support (10) that is connected to a hydraulic cylinder (12) by means of a clamp or the like (11), which as the bar or part (9) to be sublimated is consumed, the assembly is moved so that the bar (9) moves until the upper part is at the focal point (4).

The sublimation zone comprises a copper sheet or hollow plate (18) placed facing the evacuation window (8), said hollow sheet or plate (18) being cooled by means of internal cooling ducts (19) and , is doped with particles of iron, cobalt or nickel when it comes to growing carbon nanotubes. On both sides of the sheet or hollow plate (18) there are evacuation mouths (23) through which the Oxygen (22) exits in the case of the dissociation of MgO and the noble gas used (21) whether it is to produce Magnesium as Nanoparticles.

Figure 4 shows a parabolic concentrator (27) that reflects the light concentrating it at the focal point of the same where the reactor (25) is located, with the concentrator (27) being supported by a double-axis follower (26).

A different embodiment is shown in Figure 5 in which the collection surface is formed by a series of mini-parabolic reflectors (28) associated with secondary reflectors (29) that concentrate the light and then by means of a series of optical fibers ( 2) lead it to the inverted conical cavity (1), being able to observe the path followed by the

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

sunlight (5).

In the case of Magnesium Oxide, the Argon is secreted from the Oxygen and recirculated into the reactor. In Figure 6, Argon and Oxygen are cooled to the outlet of the reactor (25) in an expansion chamber (30). Then, by means of an electric pump (31) they are propelled towards a compressor (32) where they are pressurized passing to a cooling tank (33) and are expanded in a condensation chamber (34). Recirculated to the compressor the process is repeated until the Oxygen reaches liquefying temperature and stored in a liquid oxygen storage tank (35). While the gases are being recycled the valves (38) of the Oxygen Condensation Unit are closed. To have a continuous output of gases from the initial expansion chamber, several condensing units (36) can be placed in parallel that alternatively extract gas from said chamber. The finally liquefied oxygen is stored in a bottle, just like the Argon. The presence of electric pumps (37) propel the fluids in the system. Segregation occurs because once the two gases are liquefied, the heavier Argon goes to the bottom, and is stored in the Argon storage tank (39).

Both for the treatment of graphite and magnesia, the steam of the cooling water, both the spiral and the Copper plate, is used to move a turbine and generate all or part of the electrical energy that feeds the inductor spiral. The water once condensed in a condensation chamber (40), after passing through the turbine (41), is recycled to the reactor (25) by means of an electric pump (43). A heat exchanger (42) is available to cool the condensation chamber (40). This exchanger (42) evacuates the heat to water coming from outside the system and which can be used for domestic or industrial use.

Connected to the turbine (41) is an AC-DC converter (44) whose output is a resonant DC-AC inverter (45).

Another interesting aspect to be commented on is the arrangement of the oven with respect to the solar tracker. Several possible positions can be observed.

In Figure 4 the use of a solar reflector of metric or HF dimensions that sends light directly to the interior of the oven can be seen schematically. It has the advantage of the absence of optical fiber and there is only a reflection until the target piece is reached (the reflection in the quartz window is equal to or less than 5%).

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

disadvantage of working with a mobile oven, both for the connection of the conduits of the circuits and for the extraction of the final product.

An arrangement with vertical furnace, as seen in the central part of the figure, where the scheme of a solar tracker and a panel of parabolic mini-concentrators appears, has the advantage of working with an oven in a vertical position and without displacement and the disadvantage of having two reflections (one in the primary reflector and one in the secondary one) plus the passage through the optical fiber and therefore greater energy losses.

A third alternative, the first flat mirror equipped with a solar tracking system and vertical parabolic trough of metric or HF dimensions, has the disadvantage of a higher consumption of the primary mirror surface and losses due to two reflections and the advantage of a static oven. In this case the oven is in a horizontal position.

To place the furnace in a position other than the vertical one, for the reduction of Magnesium Oxide it is necessary that the passage of the matter through the liquid state is of tenths of a second, there being no time to drip. Therefore the power input of the inductor element must be high.

In the case of sublimation of graphite, since there was no liquid state prior to gasification, this issue is indistinct.

Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is noted that, within its essentiality, it may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example. , and which will also achieve the protection sought, provided that it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.

Claims (7)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 1- Method for processing Carbon Nanoparticles from Graphite or Magnesium from Magnesium Oxide, characterized in that it comprises the actions of: - Introduction of solar radiation inside a reactor converging this radiation towards a focal area located in said reactor. - Introduction of an inert gas such as Helium or Argon at a pressure equal to or less than atmospheric in this reactor. - Introduction of Graphite or Magnesium Oxide, in said reactor and placement of this material in the aforementioned focal area. - Heating of the surface of said substance by; - Concentration of solar radiation in said focal area, - Joule effect due to the electric current created on the surface of said substance, produced this current by electric induction, being the magnetic field flow lines, produced by the induction phenomenon, inclined or oblique with respect to the direction of solar radiation in the focal area of concentration. - Evacuation of sublimed plasma in the focal area, following the magnetic field flow lines, this transport or evacuation occurring inside the reactor. - Deposit of the resulting material by reverse sublimation due to electrostatic attraction, said deposit occurring inside the reactor 2. - Method for processing Carbon Nanoparticles from Graphite or Magnesium from Magnesium Oxide, according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of being the solid substance to sublimate Magnesium Oxide the positive particles Mgt2 in a gaseous state they accelerate, following the flow lines of the magnetic field, due to the presence of a difference in electrical potential. 3. - Electric induction reactor and solar concentration for the processing of high temperature materials according to the method of any of the preceding claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it comprises an inverted conical cavity {1) provided with a quartz window (3) which penetrates solar radiation through it, which at its lower end has the focal point (4) and a flat spiral (6) of inclined position, which envelops the focal point (4) 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 which coincides with the upper end of a bar (9) or part of the product to be sublimated, which is supported by means of displacement that move or move as the product to be sublimated is consumed, where the conical cavity (1) it has some supply ducts (13) (14) of a noble gas and a window (8) for the sublimed product outlet, being in front of said window (8) a reverse sublimation zone formed by a hollow sheet or plate (18) ) Cooled copper serves as a support for crystallization of the sublimed product vapor, the sublimation zone having windows or evacuation mouths (23) on both sides of the hollow sheet or plate (18); where the assembly formed by the inverted conical cavity (1) and the sublimation zone is arranged on insulating walls (16). A - Electric induction and solar concentration reactor for the processing of high temperature materials, according to claim 3, characterized in that the conductor section of said spiral part (6) has cooling ducts (7) that transport cooling water, where the induction device is high frequency and has no core. 5. - Electric induction reactor and solar concentration for the processing of high temperature materials, according to claim 3, characterized in that the reverse sublimation zone comprises a hollow sheet or plate (18) of Copper placed facing the window (8). ) of evacuation, said sheet or hollow plate (18) being cooled by means of internal cooling ducts (19). 6. - Electric induction reactor and solar concentration for the processing of high temperature materials, according to claim 3 characterized in that it has a steam turbine that recycles the energy coming from the cooling of the dish (18) and the inductor spiral (6) . 7. - Electric induction reactor and solar concentration for the processing of high temperature materials, according to claim 5, characterized in that the hollow Copper plate (18) is doped with particles of Iron, Cobalt or Nickel. 8. - Use of the electric induction reactor and solar concentration for the processing of high temperature materials according to any of claims 3 to 7 characterized in that the cooling of the inductive flat spiral (6), of the hollow plate or plate is used ( 18) to produce hot water usable in industrial or residential buildings.