ES2638087A1 - Bed for stabled cattle (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Bed for stable cattle that is based on the combined use of materials of inorganic origin with others of organic origin, favoring the properties of these materials for animal welfare and comfort. This invention uses ash from biomass boilers, recognized with the LER code of waste 100101 (household ash, slag and boiler dust) plus a substrate of biodegradable organic origin. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Stable cattle bed.

Technology Sector

The invention is included in the technical sector of comfort, maintenance and drying processes of animal cubicles or squares in livestock establishments, through the use of natural products.

Background of the invention

The establishment system with calculations in livestock farms is increasingly used in Spain. A good calculation or a good bed for cattle must fundamentally have three important aspects:

• They should be comfortable for cattle, favoring their rest and recovery.

• They must be hygienic and kept dry and as hygienic as possible, with a pH around the udders and legs with values of 6-8 (to avoid chafing and wounds in cattle) and that does not allow uncontrolled proliferation of colonies bacterial

• It must be possible to perform simple and efficient maintenance for optimization, with simple control of excessive compaction and humidity.

"A calculation must provide in a balanced way both the best comfort for the livestock and preserve in an optimal way the hygienic conditions that favor milk production and allow adequate animal welfare."

The cubicle has two fundamental parts in height: the base or hearth and the bed layer. On a firm floor, usually of concrete, a layer of bedding of different materials, both organic and inorganic, natural or synthetic, is placed.

The basic measures that can be determined as suitable for the installation of catheters for cattle, depending on the weight and age of the animal are the following:

• Cornish width: 110 - 130 cm

• Length: 240 - 270 cm

• Length of the resting area: 180 - 190 cm

• Height of the entrance step: 20 - 25 cm

• Height of the educational bar: 105 - 115 cm Beds with organic materials

With calculations of these materials you must:

Remove all bedding from the back half of the cover daily and replace it with a clean bed, without moving the bed from the front of the cover to the back area.

Once a week, the entire bed should be removed from the calculus and it should be allowed to allow the calculus to air completely for a while before reincarnating it.

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The fundamental thing in the beds of organic material is to control the level of fermentation, because the excessive humidity combined with the heat generated by the fermentation and the own of the body of the animals can make the pathogens proliferate. A presence of excessive organic matter, which is usually very absorbent, can encourage excessive fermentation.

Excessive humidity and increased bed temperature decrease animal comfort and health.

Beds with inorganic materials

The most appropriate sands need a very fine granulometry, to work better and be more drying. Materials such as calcium carbonate can present a great caking and also have a pH higher than 10, which is not suitable for animal welfare.

The maintenance of these calculations is very controversial, because many technicians recommend that it should be done with raking the bedding and removal of dirty or wet material, while other authors determine that the sand bed should be mobilized, to aerate and dry better and others consider that the covers should be filled, but never aerated or raked so as not to contaminate the surface layer of the bedding.

It should be noted that the sand is extremely abrasive and weighs a lot, which complicates its handling and calcium carbonate is very light and has a density that by itself does not make it comfortable for the huge weight of cattle. With the sepiolite a combination of the above elements occurs, despite its high degree of liquid absorption.

Beds with mixtures of materials

It is exposed that there is no perfect calculation or ideal material, but a combination of different materials can be made to achieve a much more beneficial effect on animal health and welfare.

A balance must be sought between the most beneficial factors of animal welfare that can be granted by the different raw materials available.

The invention under study focuses on solving this problem, obtaining a material that allows the main objectives to be fulfilled in the bed of a cubicle.

The use of ashes in agriculture

According to the regulations, an ash is all that inorganic and incombustible matter that is in a partially or totally incinerated fuel, of a size greater than 100 microns in diameter and that can be carried away by the combustion fumes.

The ashes have various agricultural applications often used, such as:

EDAFOESTABLIZADORES: for their physical-chemical properties, they are a stabilizing element of clay soils.

MINERAL AMENDMENT: It has a large amount of corrective mineral substances for crop soils.

COMPOST ENRICHER: Its minerals allow the complement to compost and digested, improving the conditions of the substrate.

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Explanation of the invention

The invention consists of mixing biomass boiler ashes with other biodegradable organic origin substrate. Biomass means all matter of natural origin, which can be used mainly as an energy resource.

The invention presented has two main characteristics:

Use the combination of positive effects of different materials to promote animal welfare and health.

It allows the proper management of materials that are waste, providing a very beneficial overall effect from the environmental point of view and the reduction of the carbon footprint and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.

The addition of ashes from biomass boilers, recognized with the waste LER code 100101 (Household ash, slag and boiler dust, except the boiler dust specified in code 10 01 04), can produce very beneficial effects for the animal comfort This invention makes it possible to convert a residue (ash) into a product, by combining this with the rest of the aforementioned materials and which can be integrated into a single technical solution for use. All other materials come from natural origins.

The joint elaboration of the presented invention maximizes the effectiveness of the lodging material for cattle. The application of ashes allows:

Decrease the proliferation of pathogens, due to its antifungal character. It improves the levels of mastitis.

Lighten weights, being a light and inert material, with little capacity for biological generation, due to its absence of organic compounds.

Store safely without the need for special conditions, as it is a flame retardant material.

Dilute in water without causing blockages or caking of the pipes.

Capture large amount of unpleasant odorous particles.

Obtain a high degree of animal comfort.

Reduce the presence of lameness and pedal injuries and udders.

Improve the index of dirt in udders and hocks.

The combination of the different elements allows a substantial improvement of the properties of the bed that these materials themselves have. The cubicle is more comfortable, with a lower humidity index, better looking, more fluffy, with better properties against pathogens, with less presence of odors and with simple maintenance.

The origin of these materials allows a solution that is very economical and favors waste management. In addition, the use of ashes together with other materials makes it possible to close the cycle of several of them, as in the case of feces and urine, since the use of purln with bedding material returns as well! to livestock farms, where they come from.

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The mixing of components is carried out in a hopper with a thick sieve that is worked by mechanical movements, forming a homogeneous mixture. This mixture or base powder is the one that is applied as bedding. (see drawing 3)

Brief description of the drawings

To facilitate the understanding of the invention, drawings are included that help a better description. The drawings are illustrative and not limiting, and they have represented the following:

Figure 1.- General measures of a calculation of cattle for the invention.

Figure 2.- Lateral sketch of cattle cattle calculations for the invention.

Figure 3.- Process diagram.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

The different components of the cattle bed mixture are subjected to a mechanical treatment. This treatment, through mechanical movements, through a screening system, manages to produce a homogeneous mixture of similar particle sizes. The screening system eliminates possible impurities or particles of a rude size that are not compatible with the preparation of the bed for stagnant cattle object of this document.

The mixing of components is carried out in a hopper with a thick sieve and a weighing line, which is worked by mechanical movements, forming a homogeneous mixture. This process is maintained for at least five minutes, to ensure complete elimination of thicknesses and, in addition, to improve the homogeneity of the mixture.

The proportions are, by way of example, the following:

To obtain the bedding material, the proportions used are:

Example 1: 50% -90% ash + 50-10% digested from solid purln.

Example 2: 10% - 90% ashes + 90 - 10% sawdust.

Example 3: 30% - 100% ashes + 70 - 0% cereal straw.

The proportions may or may not include material with antiseptic characteristics.

These proportions can be varied depending on the demand of the farmer.

The mix as! obtained, as such a mixture or base powder, is the one that is applied as bedding.

Claims (4)

1. Product for agricultural and livestock use characterized by an agrochemical mixture that contains or comprises ashes from biomass boilers, recognized with the LER code of 5 residues 100101 (Household ashes, slags and boiler dust) plus a substrate of biodegradable organic origin. 2. Product according to claim number 1 characterized by containing substrates of biodegradable organic origin such as digested from solid purlins, sawdust or cereal straw. 10 3. Method of obtaining the product according to claim 1 characterized in that a mixture of biomass boiler ashes is made with other substrates of biodegradable organic origin by means of a sieve worked by mechanical procedures in a hopper. 15 4. Method of obtaining the product according to claim 1 characterized in that it is carried out a mixture of biomass boiler ashes with other substrates of biodegradable organic origin and allows the addition of antiseptic materials. 5. Use of the product, according to claim 1, to be used as a bed of animals 20 stables.