ES2630765A1 - Electromagnetic device with electronic switching control (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Electromagnetic transition device characterized by allowing energy close to 100% in its forms of relay, contactor, solenoid valve, etc. It consists of one or two electromagnetic drives, an all-or-nothing actuator bistable mechanism equipped with one or more auxiliary contacts, an electronic control consisting of an electronic switching circuit and optionally an electronic electrical energy storage component. The electronic control allows only the electromagnetic device to act during the ascending and descending flanks of the activation signal, with this it is possible to replace a conventional device with an electromagnetic transition device equipped with a bistable mechanism that will only consume energy during the switching pulses, since the energy consumed during the activation can be considered negligible. The invention can be developed in different ways: as an auxiliary device to a conventional device; as an auxiliary device of a pulse device; as an auxiliary circuit of a pulse device in an electronic card; etc. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Transition electromagnetic device.

Technology Sector

The invention is part of the electrical sector.

State of the art

In 1949 Piero Giordanino patented the pulse relay, it is a bistable relay designed with a single electroiman and a mechanism that allows to change the state of the contacts on which it acts every time an electric impulse is applied; Following this invention, similar models have appeared on the market for contactors, solenoid valves and other compatible electromagnetic devices.

The main advantages of electromagnetic pulse devices are the following:

- with a single drive coil it is possible to maintain two stable states;

- there is only the consumption of the activation and deactivation impulses, the device can remain activated without any consumption;

- minimal wear and tear of the electroiman or solenoid and of the drive mechanism;

- Design of materials with lower requirements as they are not subjected to continuous work.

Although electromagnetic pulse devices have many advantages over conventional devices, their use is limited, since they pose the following problems of use:

- the electrical circuits where they can be directly applied are very limited;

- in the case of its use in automatisms, there is a need to use auxiliary contacts to know the status of the device;

- there is no system to limit the impulse time;

- cannot be used directly in an installation replacing the conventional device.

The object of the invention is to solve all the disadvantages posed by the impulse device while maintaining the intrinsic advantages it offers, generally it aims to:

- that the device consumes energy only during the transition periods;

- that the electromagnetic and mechanical part of the device only works during the transition periods;

- that the device has the same operation as a conventional device, it can be replaced in any circuit directly;

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- that the operating time of the device, and consequently the energy expenditure and the emission of the electromagnetic field, is always the minimum;

- that the development of the device entails a small adaptation and investment with respect to what currently exists in the market;

- That there is an auxiliary device adaptable to some models of the market that allows its operation without replacing the current device.

Detailed description of the invention

The object of the invention is the decrease, almost to the cancellation, of the electrical consumption of the electromagnetic switching devices (all or nothing actuators): relays, solenoid valves, contactors, etc. These devices are used in all types of scenarios (industry, home, transport, etc.) and are essential for the operation of electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic systems, etc. It has been estimated that, worldwide, they can be around one hundred and fifty billion units, of different types and fulfilling countless functions.

New electromagnetic devices continuously appear on the market with improvements in energy consumption. These improvements are due to the study of better materials, to the design for better ventilation of electromagnets and solenoids, new varnishes for windings, design of electromagnetic components to reduce heat losses, drive mechanisms with lower dynamic resistance, etc. Current contactors can consume up to 60% less than the contactors used in the 1980s.

In 1949 Piero Giordanino introduced a mechanism in the conventional relay that allowed him to obtain advantages over this, and created the impulse relay. The present invention introduces electronic switching circuit in pulse devices obtaining many advantages over current devices, the most important of all, the reduction of energy consumption close to 100%.

The essence of the invention is that the conventional device can be replaced by a transition device directly; that the device of the invention only consumes the energy necessary to change state, during the activation period the energy is negligible; that, by means of an electronic switching circuit, two pulses can be obtained, one on the rising edge and the other on the falling edge, of the pulse used to drive the conventional device; For this, an electronic circuit of inverting switching is used, working in cut-off and saturation, and optionally an electronic component of storage of electric energy, which will store the energy necessary for the disconnection pulse. As an electronic inverter and switching device, a Mosfet transistor will be used in practice, since this component provides several advantages: the transistor door has no electrical contact with the drain or the pump, that is, there is no gate current; the transistor being cut, the drain-spout current is zero (there will be a negligible sub-threshold current, due to the effect of thermal energy); and the low drain-spout resistance with the transistor being saturated. As an electronic storage component, a capacitor will be used in practice.

To give an explanation of the invention, Figure 1 and Figure 9 will be used as an example. Figure 1 is an electrical scheme of an electromagnetic transition device (1), using as an base an electromagnetic pulse device (2); adding an electronic switching circuit (7) and a capacitor (12) we transform the

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pulse device to be used as a conventional device, with the advantage that the consumption in the activation periods is approximately five thousand times lower than the consumption of a conventional device. The electromagnetic transition device (1) has two drive terminals, the active or positive power terminal (3) and the common or negative power terminal (4); applying voltage to the supply terminals, we activate the coil (6) of the pulse device (2), since the NC contact of the device (5) is closed; when activating the device, the NC contact (5) opens and the coil (6) is deactivated, the electronic switching circuit (7) is cut and will send the necessary energy, stored in the capacitor (12) for the deactivation pulse when the supply voltage disappears. Figure 9 is an example of a switching circuit (7) for direct current, when applying positive voltage on the power terminal (8) and negative voltage on the power terminal (9), the inverter transistor (43) is saturated, with whatever the output transistor (45) is in cut, there is no voltage at the output terminal (10); when the supply voltage disappears, the inverter transistor (43) is cut, so that the output transistor (45) becomes saturated, feeding the coil (6) connected to the output terminal (10) by means of the energy stored in the capacitor (12) connected in the terminal (11).

The auxiliary circuit to the impulse device, according to figure 1, has an approximate volume between 20 and 50 times less than the total volume of the impulse device, depending on the characteristics of this, with which when adapting the invention to the pulse device, just make a small design modification; This adaptation is possible both for impulse relays, and for other impulse devices existing in the market: solenoid valves, contactors, etc. This adaptation, of the impulse device in transition device, will allow it to be used by replacing it with a conventional one, which will result in energy savings that will depend on the period of operation of the device. It has been calculated that very short operating periods of 10 seconds, the savings reach up to 90%; in short operating periods of 1 minute, the saving is 98%; in long periods of operation, of a day, it is almost 100%. Another important improvement of this adaptation of the current pulse devices is that the pulse time is always the minimum, in the pulse devices currently used, the pulse time is always greater than the minimum necessary; if the manufacturer characterizes the minimum pulse time in 100 ms and the activation of the device is manual (for example by means of pushbuttons), the device's operating time will be 10 or 20 times longer, with the corresponding unnecessary consumption and wear; the same happens if the device is operated by means of an electronic circuit, for example an automaton, it will be necessary to program the activated or deactivated output until the automaton could receive the signal of the auxiliary contact that confirms the commutation, at this time it add the refresh and performance times of the output cards; with the invention the pulse time is minimal since, once activation occurs, the contact adhered to the control circuit prevents the coil feeding from continuing, and, in the case of deactivation, if the capacitor that is used is used. stores the energy for the deactivation pulse, it will be calculated as accurately as possible to avoid unnecessary consumption and if an auxiliary power supply is used (as in figure 2), when the device is deactivated, the open contact of said device cuts the coil supply, so consumption is also minimal.

Another adaptation as an auxiliary circuit, without the need to modify the conventional device, is the possibility of using the glues for the placement of auxiliary contacts of said conventional devices is that they have access to the external manual control; in said glues for auxiliary contacts the mechanical transition blocking device of the invention is placed and a small modification of the supply wiring is made; with this system it will not be necessary to change the device

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conventional, only the invention would be added in the form of an auxiliary device to the conventional one. As an example, the power drive contact is designed with a front glider to add auxiliary contacts or mechanical retention contacts; as shown in figure 5, the invention is added in the form of an auxiliary device, it blocks the contact being activated and disconnects it, unlocking it when the activation signal disappears (according to the circuit of figure 4); The auxiliary device of the invention will store the energy needed to activate the release by operating a small electro-magnet.

There are more possibilities when shaping the invention: an electromagnetic device design with a flip-flop mechanism and two drive coils (circuit of Figure 3), equal coils or one for drive and one for blocking; an external auxiliary device for pulse devices (circuit of figure 7), using the possibility of adding auxiliary contacts laterally (figure 8); Auxiliary circuits of the invention for pulse relays on the output board of programmable controllers or electronic control cards, and pulse relays in PCB format on said board (Figure 6), with this we can use pulse relays without having to include inputs in Automata program to inform us of the status of these relays; and all ideas that contain the essence of the invention.

In addition to the directly saved consumption that is transformed into energy saving, there is an equally important indirect saving, due to the minimum use of the electromagnetic and mechanical elements of the invention, the resistance and elasticity needs of materials, heat dissipation, cooling and others. decrease, which entails considerable savings at the time of manufacture. With respect to the circuits of maneuver or machines where they are going to be used, due to the energetic saving and the low emission of heat, the needs of copper sections in threads and printed circuits, distances between devices, powers of the outputs that activate the devices , forced refrigeration of control panels and others, decrease, which entails considerable savings at the time of installation.

The inclusion of the electronic components of the invention has a minimal impact on the manufacturing price of the transition device based on the pulse device. As an example, a 24VDC coil and 16A 400V contact pulse relay has a manufacturing value of about € 8, the electronic components necessary for these characteristics, according to the invention, can have an approximate value, wholesale, of 8 euro cents, that is, represents approximately 1% of the manufacturing value; with the invention, the impulse relay will be able to be used as a conventional relay, with the consequent increase in the market value that it will obtain, with which the added value of the components becomes even more negligible.

Based on the data that appears in the embodiment, a measurement has been obtained, the device being activated, of 20pA; given that the elements that appear in the embodiment mode are oversized, the circuit could be optimized and an approximate current of 1pA could be obtained; if a conventional relay of characteristics, coil and output contact, equal to those given in the embodiment, the current to be circulated when the activated device would be 50mA; Given the comparisons, the difference of fifty thousand times less power consumption follows and therefore the great energy saving of the invention.

One of the important applications of the invention is in the aerospace industry; the reduction of consumption can be decisive for the use of the

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invention in relays, solenoid valves and contactors of equipment placed in orbit, where the main source of energy is solar panels, this would allow the best use of resources and the resizing of power equipment; The reduction of heat emission can be decisive, at the safety level, for the use of the invention in relays, solenoid valves and contactors in aircraft. Other inherent factors of the invention, for use in the aerospace industry are: only emission of electromagnetic field during periods of transition, being able to avoid specific electromagnetic interference; greater reliability and durability of electromagnetic devices and their mechanical drives; simplification of control programs, the simple fact of being able to activate a bi-stable solenoid valve with a single program output; reduction of the technical characteristics of the auxiliary elements for the installation of the devices of the invention; etc.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic transition device (1) based on an electromagnetic pulse device (2); the device of the invention is connected to the circuit where it is installed by means of the active or positive power terminal (3) and the common or negative power terminal (4); once voltage is applied to the device, the pulse device coil (6) is activated since the NC contact (5) is closed; at the same time, the electronic switching circuit (7) is powered by its positive power terminal (8) and its negative power terminal (9), by means of the disconnection power terminal (11) the capacitor is charged ( 12); At the moment when the voltage applied to the electromagnetic transition device (1) disappears, the electronic switching circuit (7) activates the deactivation of the electromagnetic pulse device (2) by means of its output terminal (10).

Figure 2 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic transition device (1) similar to that of Figure 1; in figure 2 the disconnection power source has been modified by means of the auxiliary power terminal (14) that feeds the disconnection power terminal (11) of the electronic switching circuit (7) by means of the NO contact (13) ; applying voltage to the device, the NO contact (13) is closed, once the supply voltage of the device disappears, the auxiliary power terminal (14) feeds the coil (6) that deactivates the device and the NO contact (13) is opens. In summary, Figure 2 shows an electromagnetic transition device with three input terminals, two of continuous power and one of activation.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of an electromagnetic transition device (1) based on a two-coil electromagnetic device with two coils (15); when applying supply voltage to the device, the coil (16) is activated, once the device is activated, the NC contact (5) opens; When the supply voltage of the device disappears, the switching circuit (7) activates the coil (17) so that the device becomes deactivated.

Figure 4 shows a scheme that shapes the invention with two elements, a contact (18) and an auxiliary contact with mechanical retention (21). Contact powering (18) is carried out through its active or positive power terminal (19) and its common or negative power terminal (20); when installing the auxiliary contact with mechanical retention (21), which includes an electromagnetic device of mechanical retention (22), in the front guide for auxiliary contacts of the contact (18), the assembly is mechanically connected and forms an electromagnetic transition device; when voltage is applied to the active or positive (25) and common or negative (26) terminals,

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the contactor (18) is activated by means of the auxiliary contact output terminal (24); when the contactor (18) is activated, the auxiliary contact (21) mechanically blocks the activation and disconnects the coil from the contactor (18), since the NC contact (5) opens; when the voltage applied to the circuit disappears, the electronic switching circuit (7) activates the coil (23) that unlocks the mechanical retention and the contactor (18) is deactivated.

Figure 5 shows the physical arrangement of the scheme of Figure 4; the contactor assembly (18) and auxiliary contact with mechanical retention (21) is made integral by means of the guides for auxiliary contacts (27) and by means of the tracking piece (28) that transfers the state of the contactor (18) to the auxiliary contact (21) and allows the mechanical retention of said contactor (18); once the contactor (18) is activated, the auxiliary contact (21) blocks the activation and disconnects the coil of said contactor (18); once the power supply of the device disappears, the coil (23) that releases the tracking part (28) is activated, the contactor antagonist spring (18) deactivates the device.

Figure 6 shows a scheme that shapes the invention in an electronic exit card of automaton (29); on the printed circuit board there are pulse relays (2), using the auxiliary contacts of these, the control circuit is mounted by means of an electronic switching circuit (7), another NO contact of the pulse relays ( 2) connect the outputs of the card to the outside through the output connector (32); The connection to the CPU of the automaton is made by means of the input connector (30), the integrated input circuit (31) is responsible for transferring the orders of the CPU to each of the outputs

Figure 7 shows a scheme that shapes the invention with two elements, an electromagnetic pulse device (2) and an auxiliary contact (35); by applying tension to the assembly, by means of the active or positive (39) and common or negative (40) contacts, the coil (6) of the pulse device (2) is activated; the auxiliary device power supply (35) is received by the active or positive power terminal (36) and by the common or negative power terminal (37); the pulse device (2) is connected to the circuit by means of the active or positive power terminal (33) and the common or negative power terminal (34), the auxiliary contact output terminal (38) controls the device impulses (2); once the device is activated, the NC contact (5) opens and the pulse device (2) is not powered, when the supply voltage disappears the auxiliary circuit (35) sends a pulse to the pulse device (2) and this It is deactivated.

Figure 8 shows the physical arrangement of the scheme of Figure 7, giving the example of a pulse relay (2). The pulse relay (2) is connected to the auxiliary contact (35) since it has a housing (41) for the connection part of the auxiliary circuit (42), the assembly is made integral by means of this mechanical connection; to said connection piece of the auxiliary circuit (42) is connected the NC contact (5) which allows obtaining information on the status of the pulse relay (2); The auxiliary contact (35) contains the electronic switching circuit (7) and the capacitor (7), which allow you to control the pulse relay (2).

Figure 9 shows an electronic switching circuit (7) for direct current; upon receiving power through the positive terminal (8) and the negative terminal (9), the transistor (43) becomes saturated, whereby the supply voltage falls on the drain resistor (44) and the transistor (45) it is cut, so that the output (10) is deactivated; when the supply voltage disappears, the circuit is powered by the disconnection power terminal (11), the transistor door (43) goes to zero volts by means of the door resistor (47), whereby said transistor ( 43) becomes cut off, the supply voltage appears at the transistor door (45) and it becomes

saturated, so that it activates the output (10), the diode (46) prevents the power supply voltage from deactivation from passing to the positive terminal (8).

Mode of realization

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As an embodiment, a transition relay of the invention is used based on the circuit of Figure 1 and Figure 9, mounted on a DIN rail module package, with the following characteristics:

10 o Electroiman of 12VDC

o Bistable contact drive mechanism 10A 250V

o N-channel mosfet transistors, STP5NK40Z 15

o 1 / 8W 10MQ door resistor o 1 / 8W 1 MO 20 drain resistor or SB05W05C diode

o 330uF 35 V electrolytic capacitor

Claims (4)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 1. Electromagnetic device with electronic switching control that includes one or two electromagnets or solenoids, a flip-flop mechanism that includes one or more auxiliary contacts, an electronic switching circuit (7), and an electronic electrical energy storage component (12) or instead a third power supply input (14) characterized in that: - the electronic switching circuit (7) controls the activation of the electromagnets of the flip-flop mechanism according to the state of the activation input of the device (3) and the position of said flip-flop mechanism, given by its auxiliary contacts; - the activation coil of the bistable mechanism is connected to the activation input of the device (3) by means of the NC contact (5), once the activation of the bistable mechanism has occurred, the NC contact (5) opens and the activation coil is without power, the output terminal (10) of the electronic switching circuit (7) is deactivated; - and, the deactivation coil of the flip-flop mechanism is connected to the output terminal (10) of the electronic switching circuit (7), in the absence of supply of the device, the output terminal (10) of the electronic switching circuit (7) it is activated with the energy provided by the electronic energy storage component (12) or by a third power supply input (14).
2. Electromagnetic device with electronic switching control of the claim 1 characterized in that it is formed by two elements, a contact (18) and mechanical retention auxiliary contact (21) mechanically connected by means of the auxiliary contact guides (27) included in the contact (18).
3. Electromagnetic device with electronic switching control of the claim 1 characterized in that it is formed by two elements, an electromagnetic pulse device (2) and an auxiliary contact thereof (35).
4. Electromagnetic device with electronic switching control of the claim 1 characterized in that it is constituted, within an electronic card, by a pulse relay (2) and an electronic switching circuit (7).