ES2627554T3 - Modular reusable formwork to make columns - Google Patents

Abstract

A reusable modular formwork to make columns, comprising: at least two modular elements, where each modular element (M) has a linear development and is made of plastic material, formed as part of the perimeter of a column, said modular element with development linear (M) comprising at least one wall with a smooth inner side (M1) as the bottom of the formwork and with a non-flat outer side (M2), said non-flat outer side (M2) further comprising edge ribs (Mo) and intermediate ribs (Mn), wherein the edge ribs (Mo) of the at least one wall have coupling surfaces (Me) for corresponding modular elements with linear development (M), to compose a closed section or part of said formwork modular reusable and wherein said modular element with linear development (M) has holes (Mf) in the edge ribs (Mo), preferably circularly with two or more diametrically opposite grooves (Mf1), and where di The holes (Mf) are located along the edge ribs (Mo) so that, when various modular elements with linear development (M) are coupled or aligned, said holes (Mf) in the various modular elements with linear development (M) are aligned along said coupling surfaces (Me); at least two locking keys (C) inserted through said holes (Mf), to hold said various modular elements with linear development (M); each of said modular elements (M) which are composed of a semicircular plastic panel comprising on the non-planar convex outer side (M2) said intermediate ribs (Mn) and said edge ribs (Mo), wherein the ribs of edge (Mo) are placed along the perimeter of the panel of the modular element (M) and each of said edge ribs (Mo) having greater thickness (S1, S2) and height (H1, H2) than the intermediate ribs (Mn), and wherein the vertical edge ribs (MoV) are arranged along the vertical edge of the panel and the horizontal edge ribs (MoH) are arranged along the horizontal edge of the panel; characterized in that the height (H1) of the vertical edge nerves (MoV) is greater than the height (H2) of the horizontal edge nerves (MoH).

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Modular reusable formwork to make columns

The present invention relates to a reusable modular formwork according to the preamble of claim 1.

Circular formwork in cement / concrete or cardboard are currently used to make columns with a circular section.

Circular cement / concrete formwork is generally made of a cement or concrete tube with a suitable diameter, installed vertically, in which the reinforcement is inserted and the concrete is cast. The cement or concrete tube thus forms the outermost part of the finished column.

These circular concrete formwork have some drawbacks.

Only some concrete tube diameters are available in the market, and so on! one is forced to make columns only with those diameters.

Concrete pipes are very heavy and thick, and their installation requires the use of cranes or lifting machines.

Concrete pipes can crack or even break, both during transport and during installation.

Concrete pipes are very thick and this limits the placement of the column reinforcement and forces users to make columns with a diameter larger than necessary.

Since the concrete tube forms the outermost part of the column, a back surface finish is required.

Circular cardboard formwork is composed of a cardboard tube with limited thickness, internally treated with substances or varnishes of detachment, to prevent the concrete from sticking to the tube itself.

The cardboard tube is installed vertically, then the column reinforcement is placed inside it and the concrete is cast.

These circular cardboard forms have some drawbacks.

The cardboard tube has low structural rigidity, as a result the formwork made of cardboard tube must be stabilized with an external structure.

To remove the cardboard formwork, it is necessary to break it, with the consequent waste of time.

At present, preformed sheet or wood formwork is used to make square or rectangular section columns.

These sheet formwork is very heavy and thick and its installation requires the use of cranes or lifting machines or several workers.

Periodic maintenance is required against oxidation and, due to their weight, they are a constant risk for workers. They can also deteriorate, with risk of injury, aggravated by the presence of rust.

Because of their weight, they also cannot have very large dimensions and their usable surface is limited, therefore.

Modular reusable formwork is known, made of plastic material, for making concrete or reinforced concrete structures.

These elements are composed of flat walls, of various dimensions, which can be assembled together at right angles and are mainly suitable for making concrete structures with flat surfaces.

To make a square or rectangular column, at least four elements must be placed and joined together, at right angles, with problems of alignment and perpendicularity.

Document US5255888A describes the preamble of claim 1.

To overcome the above inconvenient aspects, a new reusable modular plastic formwork has been designed and implemented according to claim 1.

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The objective of the new reusable modular formwork is to carry out formwork with a circular section that can be easily assembled and disassembled to adapt them to the various static and dimensional requirements.

Another objective of the new reusable modular formwork is that it be light and stable, that is, without the need for additional external support structures.

Another aspect of the new reusable modular formwork, which is not covered by the present invention, is that it is capable of being used for various pillar sizes with circular, elliptical, square or rectangular section, with simple applications of reduction inserts.

Another objective of the new reusable modular formwork is to allow rapid disassembly and storage of the modular formwork.

These and other direct and complementary objectives are achieved through the implementation of the new reusable modular formwork to make columns with the respective closing key, which comprises modular panels and one or more closing keys.

Said panel is semicircular and is made of plastic, it has a smooth concave inner side and has several reinforcing ribs on the outer convex side, both along its perimeter and separated equidistant from its wall.

In the ribs of the perimeter there are holes to insert and tighten the closing keys and possible seats, for example, holes, slots or holes, to pass belts. Two or more modular elements are coupled to form a circular formwork part and are secured together by means of the locking keys inserted and rotated in the aligned holes of said two coupled modular elements. Several parts of the modular elements are stacked to obtain the modular formwork of the necessary height and are secured together by means of said closing keys.

Preferably, suitable inclined surfaces present in the ribs of the modular elements, in correspondence with the holes and / or in the radial edges of the closing keys, prevent the involuntary rotation of the closing keys and the separation of the various modular elements , allowing the elements to be fixed together.

In the case of square columns, which are not covered by the present invention, said L or U-shaped modular panel or element, made of plastic, has the internal sides made of smooth walls such as the bottom of the formwork and, on the side external, it has several reinforcement ribs, preferably equidistant, both along its perimeter and on the wall.

In the ribs of the perimeter there are holes for inserting and tightening the closing keys and / or possible seats, for example, holes, slots or holes, to pass the closing straps.

The stopcocks are composed of a cylindrical body that has a recess at one end, preferably at a right angle to said body, and at the opposite end two or more radial ribs, and are preferably placed at regular intervals.

Two modular elements, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, are coupled in opposite positions to form a square or rectangular formwork part and are fixed together by means of strapping, or preferably with the closing keys, inserted and rotated in the aligned holes of said coupled modular elements. Several parts of the modular elements are stacked to obtain the formwork of the necessary height and fixed between if by means of said closing keys. Alternatively, two halves of full-height composite frames are squeezed together, after being coupled around the reinforcement rods of the pillar.

The suitable inclined surfaces present in the rib of the modular elements, in correspondence with the holes and / or in the radial edges of the closing keys, prevent the involuntary rotation of the closing keys and the separation of the various modular formwork, allowing that the formwork be fixed together.

There may also be flat or arched inserts, or in the form of an L or U, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, to be introduced into the formwork to make square or rectangular pillars, with smaller dimensions, or circular pillars.

The characteristics of the new reusable modular formwork will be better explained by the following description with reference to the drawings, attached purely as an example without limitation.

Figures 1, 2, 3 respectively illustrate two orthogonal views and an axonometric view of a modular element (M) for making circular columns.

The modular element (M) comprises a semicircular panel, made of plastic material, equipped on the outer convex side (M2) with several reinforcing ribs (Mn, Mo).

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Some nerves (Mn, Mo) are distributed evenly throughout the surface of the convex side (M2) of the modular element (M).

Some nerves (Mo), later called edge nerves (Mo), are placed along the perimeter of the modular element panel (M) and are thicker and taller than the intermediate ribs (Mn).

These edge ribs (Mo) constitute a coupling surface with additional modular elements (M) coupled to make the circular shape, and others coupled in alignment and continuation.

In said edge ribs (Mo) there are two series of four holes (Mf), which preferably have a circular shape with two or more grooves (Mf1) in diametrically opposite positions.

These holes (Mf) are established along the edge ribs (Mo) such that, when the various modular elements (M) are coupled or aligned, said holes (Mf) align perfectly and separate regularly.

The surface of the concave inner side (M1) of the new modular element is smooth and is preferably treated in such a way as to avoid adhesion of the concrete.

When two modular elements (M) are coupled together, a length of tube and formwork is made, which has the internal diameter equal to the flexion diameter of the concave side surface (M1) of each modular element and which has an equal length at the height of each modular element (M).

By coupling together in sequence several modular elements (M), coupled as a tube, a complete formwork is obtained with the desired internal diameter and with a height that is multiple of the height of each individual modular element (M).

The various modular elements (M) are joined with the closing keys (C) as can be seen in Figure 4 or according to an aspect not covered by the present invention with cones, bolts, cradles, pegs, belts.

The stopcock (C) according to an aspect not covered by the present invention is composed of a cylindrical body (C1) with, at one end, a recess (C2) and at the opposite end two or more radial ribs (C3).

The body (C1) of the stopcock (C) has a generally cylindrical shape, with a diameter equal to the diameter of the holes (Mf) in the edge ribs (Mo) of the modular element (M) and a length greater than the thickness of two edge nerves (Mo). In particular, said body (C1) has an extreme portion (C11), near the handle (C2), with a diameter larger than the rest of the body (C1).

At one end of the body (C1) is the grip (C2), that is, a part at a right angle to the body (C1) that can also have edges (C21) to ensure a good grip. At the opposite end of the body (C1) there are two or more radial edges (C3), diametrically opposed and preferably having the shape of a ring-shaped segment. These radial edges (C3) have a length and width such as to pass through the grooves (Mf1) of the holes (Mf) in the edge ribs (Mo) of the modular element (M) when the key is inserted. closure (C) in said holes (Mf).

Stable union of the various coupled modular elements (M) is achieved by inserting said stopcock (C) into the holes (Mf) in the coupled edge ribs (Mo) of the modular elements (M), so that according to a aspect not covered by the present invention, the radial edges (C3) of said closing keys (C) pass through both of the holes (Mf), and rotate said closing keys (C) so that said radial edges ( C3) are not aligned with the grooves (Mf1) of said holes (Mf). It is possible to arrange that said radial edges (C3) and / or the surface of the edge ribs (Mo) in correspondence with the holes (Mf) are inclined to generate compression between the edge ribs (Mo) of the modular elements (M ) coupled when the stopcock (C) is turned.

The closing keys (C) described in this way allow either the union of two modular elements (M) coupled to constitute a tube or the union of modular elements (M) aligned to make the continuation or extension of one another simply by inserting each stopcock (C) in the aligned holes (Mf) of the elements (M) placed close to each other and turning it.

Finally, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, there are grooves or holes (Fr) located as close as possible to the curved surface or the seats (Sr) to pass or place the straps.

The distance between the keys is preferably modular, while the distance between the end keys and the edge is preferably equal to half of the module.

The reusable modular element (M) and the respective closing key (C) constituted as described above make it possible to quickly obtain formwork for circular columns and offer considerable advantages in terms of stability, duration and safety.

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Figure 4 shows four modular elements (M) according to the invention mounted together and tightened with the keys (C).

A modular element (M) for making square or rectangular columns is not covered by the present invention.

Such modular formwork (M) comprises a panel, made of plastic material, which has an L-shaped section with coupling surfaces (Me) inclined at 45 ° with respect to the planes (M1), for coupling with a modular element ( M) identical.

This modular element (M) has several reinforcing ribs (Mn, Mo) on the outer side (M2).

Said ribs (Mn, Mo) are distributed over the entire surface of the external side (M2) of the modular element (M).

In particular, some ribs (Mo), called edge ribs (Mo), are placed along the perimeter of the modular element panel (M) and are preferably thicker and with a height greater than the intermediate ribs (Mn).

These edge ribs (Mo) constitute a support or coupling surface with additional coupled or continuation modular elements (M).

In said edge ribs (Mo) there are holes (Mf), preferably having a circular shape and provided with two or more grooves (Mf1) in diametrically opposite positions. These holes (Mf) are established along the edge ribs (Mo) at regular intervals and in such a way that, when the various modular elements (M) are coupled or aligned, the corresponding holes (Mf) are perfectly aligned with identical elements (M).

The distance between the last holes (Mf), along each edge nerve (Mo), and the end of the nerve (Mo) itself, is less, preferably half, than the distance between the other holes (Mf ) along said rib (Mo) of the modular element (M).

Along the edge rib (Mo) there may be seats, for example, recesses, grooves or holes (Rf), to pass closure straps, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention.

The surface of the concave inner side (M1) of the new modular element (M) is smooth and is preferably treated in such a way as to avoid the adhesion of concrete.

It is possible, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, to carry out modular elements (M) having different dimensions, to make it possible to obtain square columns, for example, 30x30, 35x35 or 40x40, etc., or rectangular columns, by example, 30x35, 35x45, 30x40, etc. It is also possible, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, to carry out modular elements (M ') having an L-shaped section and the coupling surfaces (M'e) respectively one at a right angle to and aligned with the corresponding side of the L-shaped section, or modular elements (M ") having a U-shaped section and the coupling surfaces (M''e) at right angles to the two ends of the shaped section of U.

The modular element with orthogonal walls and L-shaped section can have both coupling surfaces (M'e) of each wall either at right angles or aligned with the corresponding wall of the L-shaped section for coupling with a modular element (M) respective.

The union between the various modular elements (M) can be achieved with straps, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, or according to the invention with the closing keys (C).

According to an aspect not covered by the present invention, there may also be flat, L-shaped or U-shaped inserts, or inserts of other shapes, to be inserted inside the element (M) to make pillars of smaller dimensions or circular pillars .

A cross section of an insert (X) with a generic U section according to an aspect not covered by the present invention can be applied to the internal surface (M1) of a modular element (M), to allow columns of dimensions to be obtained minors

Said insert (X) has, on its shorter sides (Xm), edges (Xr) and concave holes or seats (Xo) such as to join two opposite inserts (X).

A cross section of an insert (Y) formed as a panel, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, can be applied to the internal surface (M1) of a modular element (M), to allow rectangular columns to be obtained using elements (M) for square columns. In particular, for the application of said flat insert (Y) within the modular element (M), separators (D), suitable for keeping said inserts (Y) correctly placed on the internal concave surface (M1) of the elements can be used modular (M).

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A cross section of an insert (Z) according to an aspect not covered by the present invention may have an L-shaped section.

Said insert (Z) has, at its sides (Zm) and / or at the end of its sides (Zm), edges (Zr) and concave holes or seats (Zo) such as to join exactly two opposite inserts (Z).

It is possible for said insert (Z) to have one side (Z1) of its L-shaped section with different thickness with respect to the other side (Z2).

This L-shaped insert (Z), applied to the internal concave surface (M1) of the new modular element (M), makes it possible to obtain square columns of smaller dimensions or, if the insert has sides of different sizes, rectangular columns.

A cross section of an insert (E), according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, can be applied to the internal surface (M1) of a new modular element (M), suitable for obtaining columns with an octagonal section.

A cross section of an insert (F) according to an aspect not covered by the present invention may have an internal surface (F1) in the form of a circular arc to make pillars with an elliptical and circular section using the same square formwork (M).

Said insert (F) has, at its ends, edges (Fr) and concave holes or seats (Fo) such as to join exactly two opposite inserts (F).

It is possible for said insert (F) to have the internal surface (F1) with different section, for example, elliptical, so that it is capable of making elliptical columns.

A cross section of an insert (R), according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, can be applied to the internal surface (M1) of a new modular element (M), suitable to allow columns having substantially rectangular section or square with rounded or beveled corners are carried out

The reusable modular element (M) and the respective closing key (C) constituted as described above make it possible to carry out the formwork for square, rectangular, or other columns that can be contained according to an uncovered aspect. by the present invention.

The modular elements of the invention (M) are light, impact resistant, easy to transport and easy to assemble simply by inserting and turning the closing keys (C) in the coupled edge ribs (Mo).

The modular elements (M) allow rapid disassembly of the reinforcement, which can be carried out simply by turning and removing the locking keys (C) that hold the modular elements (M) together.

The formwork obtained with the modular elements (M) and the closing keys (C) described above do not need specific external structures to maintain the alignment of the entire formwork since, thanks to the keys, said elements are held together, obtaining a tubular structure which is very stable during pouring.

The different inserts (I, X, Y, Z, F, R, E) that are not covered by the present invention and are applicable to the new modular elements also make it possible to obtain columns with different shapes and dimensions with respect to those of the element. (M), for example, rectangular, circular or elliptical with sharp, rounded or beveled corners, or columns that have the same shape, but of smaller dimensions.

Thus, only with a set of elements (M) and some different internal inserts is it possible to make pillars with various shapes and dimensions, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention.

A modular element (M) may contain, according to an aspect not covered by the present invention, 2 inserts (I) for making reinforced concrete pillars with a smaller diameter.

An insert (I) not covered by the present invention is constituted by two semicircular panels (P), each having an arched wall (the) with ribs (In) behind it. Indicated with (Is) and (Ir) are the seats and edges for the reciprocal coupling of two panels (P) that make up the insert (I), contained and maintained in the elements (M).

Claims (3)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 1. A reusable modular formwork to make columns, comprising: at least two modular elements, wherein each modular element (M) has a linear development and is made of plastic material, formed as part of the perimeter of a column, said modular element with linear development (M) comprising at least one wall with a smooth inner side (M1) as a bottom of the formwork and with a non-flat outer side (M2), said non-flat outer side (M2) which further comprises edge ribs (Mo) and intermediate ribs (Mn), wherein the ribs of edge (Mo) of the at least one wall have coupling surfaces (Me) for corresponding modular elements with linear development (M), to compose a section or closed part of said reusable modular formwork and wherein said modular element with linear development (M) has holes (Mf) in the edge nerves (Mo), preferably circularly with two or more diametrically opposite grooves (Mf1), and wherein said holes (Mf) are located along the edge nerves (Mo) of mod or that, when various modular elements with linear development (M) are coupled or aligned, said holes (Mf) in the various modular elements with linear development (M) are aligned along said coupling surfaces (Me); at least two locking keys (C) inserted through said holes (Mf), to hold said various modular elements with linear development (M); each of said modular elements (M) which are composed of a semicircular plastic panel comprising on the non-planar convex outer side (M2) said intermediate ribs (Mn) and said edge ribs (Mo), wherein the ribs of edge (Mo) are placed along the perimeter of the panel of the modular element (M) and each of said edge ribs (Mo) having greater thickness (S1, S2) and height (H1, H2) than the intermediate ribs (Mn), and wherein the vertical edge ribs (MoV) are arranged along the vertical edge of the panel and the horizontal edge ribs (MoH) are arranged along the horizontal edge of the panel; characterized by that The height (H1) of the vertical edge nerves (MoV) is greater than the height (H2) of the horizontal edge nerves (MoH). 2. A reusable modular formwork to make circular columns according to claim 1, characterized in that said edge ribs (Mo) located along the edge of the panel of the modular element (M) have a thickness (S1, S2) and a height (H1, H2) such as to adhere to the edge ribs (Mo) of an identical coupled or aligned modular element (M). 3. A reusable modular formwork according to all previous claims, characterized in that the ribs (Mo, Mn) are orthogonally directed to the coupling surfaces (Me).