ES2620674B2 - Start / stop system for a car by mechanical accumulator - Google Patents

Abstract

Start / stop system for a car by means of a mechanical accumulator (1), of the type that incorporates a high-speed flywheel (50) and which basically consists of: #a. a tree (10), of the flywheel (50); # b. a clutch (20), of the flywheel (50); # c. a gear (30), to mechanically couple the shaft (60) to the shaft (10); # d. a starter connector (40), type Béndix; #e. a high-speed flywheel (50) with magnetic, vacuum output, lacking a drive shaft, and whose purpose is to store mechanical energy in kinetic form; #f. a tree (60), freewheel (70); # g. a freewheel (70); # h. a stop / start connector (80), type Béndix.

Description

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

fifty

DESCRIPTION

Start / stop system for a car by mechanical accumulator.

Object and sector of the technique to which the invention relates

The present invention relates to a start / stop system for cars by mechanical accumulator.

The object of the invention is to propose an improved system for controlling the start / stop maneuver of a car, using a high-speed flywheel with magnetic output, which operates under vacuum and lacks a drive shaft.

The invention is located in the automotive engineering technical sector, and more specifically in the area related to electro-mechanics of motor vehicles.

General and closest prior state of the art

By "start / stop" operating mode is meant an automatic shutdown and a restart of an internal combustion engine at operating temperature, for example, when stopping at a traffic light.

The start / stop system was invented by the Bosch company and has subsequently been developed by many brands. The purpose of this technology is to reduce: fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and noise.

Start-stop systems are now widely known for cars and are also used in mass production vehicles. These systems are characterized by the fact that the car's engine is disconnected in the stop phases, for example, when the vehicle is put into neutral and lifts the clutch foot and:

- the car is stopped or running at a speed of less than 3 km / h;

- the direction is not turned, if so, it could be a parking maneuver;

- the battery has enough charge to restart;

the engine shuts down, thereby stopping fuel consumption; As soon as the driver steps on the clutch to engage the gear, the system starts the engine again.

According to the European Driving Cycle (NEFZ), the average fuel economy with this system is 5%.

The start / stop systems for cars usually use electro-chemical batteries that, due to their chemical process, are very slow in the loading and unloading process, and if they try to reduce the time their performance drops to values below 30%.

A mechanical accumulator based on a flywheel allows storing mechanical energy in the form of kinetic energy. The flywheels allow the energy transfer to be very fast compared to traditional electro-chemical batteries, which require a certain time of loading and unloading.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

fifty

The present invention recommends using a high speed flywheel with magnetic output, which operates under vacuum and lacks a drive shaft, comprising a rotating mass arranged to rotate in solidarity with a drive shaft, acting as a brake in the deceleration of the vehicle and as a generator of mechanical energy in the start-up of it.

It is intended to store the lost energy of the braking of the vehicle at the stops and then use said stored energy to start the vehicle.

A flywheel for use in a car is of interest to be high speed in order to reduce its size and lighten its mass, being contained inside a housing in which the vacuum is made in order to reduce the losses of energy for self-consumption in the form of heat by friction.

Different types of devices and procedures for controlling an internal combustion engine in a start / stop mode of operation are known in the state of the art. Examples of these systems are found in:

Publication number: ES 2214087 B1, title: "Procedure to control the start / stop maneuver of a car with an automated clutch", presentation date: 18.10.1999;

Publication number: ES 2289218 T3, title: "Procedure and control device for the control of an internal combustion engine in a start / stop mode of operation", presentation date: 09.09.2003;

Publication number: ES 2326826 T3, title: "Control device for an automatic start / stop system", presentation date: 22.09.2005;

Publication number: ES 2533379 T3, title: "Procedure for the operation of a start-stop system of a car and a car", presentation date: 14.09.2012;

In the state of the art closest to the device claimed in the present application we have the following document:

In the patent document called D01 with publication number: ES 2366494 T3, title: "High speed flywheel", filing date: 28.03.2008, a high speed flywheel is described for use in vehicles.

Technical problem raised

The prior art systems present a problem that focuses primarily on the following aspects:

X The car start / stop systems using electro-chemical batteries, due to their chemical process, are very slow in the process of loading and unloading, and if they try to reduce the time their performance drops to values below

30%;

X The flywheels that operate in an air housing suffer high friction losses in addition to having a very low energy density;

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

fifty

X Vacuum flywheels fitted with a drive shaft require a dynamic joint between the housing and the shaft, in order to allow the vacuum to be maintained inside the housing, said joints being inadequate because they reduce performance, they are a source of failure and require high maintenance;

X Start / stop systems by means of a flywheel, do not allow the loading / reloading of said flywheel during braking cycles;

X The start / stop systems using the flywheel do not allow the flywheel to be disconnected when the start / stop system cancellation order is given.

Technical advantage provided by the invention

The device (1) that the invention advocates solves in a fully satisfactory manner the problems set forth above, in each and every one of the different aspects mentioned and detailed below:

X Allows the transfer of energy from a source of motive energy to the mechanical accumulator and from the accumulator to said source practically instantaneously, exclusively limited by the dimensioning of its elements;

X The flywheel operates in a vacuum housing and can operate at high speeds, with high energy density, and almost zero friction losses;

X There is no tree that crosses the housing in which the vacuum has been made, so no dynamic joint is required; the transmission of mechanical power is done by magnetic output;

X Allows the loading / reloading of the flywheel in the braking cycles;

X Allows disconnection of the flywheel when the cancellation order is given

of the start / stop system.

Brief description of the figures

To complement the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of figures with an illustrative and non-limiting nature is accompanied as an integral part of said description.

Glossary of references

(01) Internal combustion engine;

(02) Toothed crown, of the flywheel of motor inertia;

(03) Drive tree;

(1) Start / stop system for a car by mechanical accumulator;

(10) Tree, flywheel;

(20) Clutch, flywheel;

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

fifty

(201) Clutch actuation, (receipt of data by communications bus from the vehicle control unit);

(30) Gear;

(40) Starter connector, type Béndix;

(401) Start connector action, (reception of data by communications bus of the vehicle control unit);

(402) Starter pinion;

(403) Starter electro-magnetic relay;

(50) High speed flywheel (vacuum, without drive shaft and with magnetic output);

(501) Planetary speed reducer with magnetic output;

(5011) Magnetic crown;

(50111) Body;

(50112) Accommodations;

(50113) Magnets, of the crown;

(5012) Planetary gear;

(502) Magnetic coupling wheel;

(5021) Drive shaft, flywheel;

(5022) Magnets, of the wheel;

(5023) Pin coupling;

(503) Inertia flywheel speed (rotating the magnetic crown of the flywheel output, sending the data by communications bus to the vehicle control unit);

(504) Inductive speed sensor;

(60) Tree, freewheel;

(70) Freewheel;

(80) Stop / start connector, type Béndix;

(801) Actuation stop / start connector, (reception of the data by communications bus of the vehicle control unit);

(802) Stop / start gear;

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

fifty

(803) Electro-magnetic stop / start relay;

(90) Brake pedal sensor;

(900) Brake pedal;

(901) Pedal sensor line;

(902) Fixed element;

(903) Rotating element;

(904) Variable resistance;

Glossary of terms

A type of gear mechanism used in the starter of internal combustion engines is called the Béndix type; the Béndix device allows an electric starter pinion to automatically engage or disengage with the flywheel of the combustion engine when the driver starts by turning the key or when the engine starts, respectively; His name honors its inventor Vincent Hugo Béndix.

Figure 1 (Fig. 01) .- shows a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a start / stop system for a car by means of mechanical accumulator (1).

Figure 2 (Fig. 02) .- shows a schematic view, in detail, of a longitudinal section of a start / stop system for a car by mechanical accumulator (1).

Figure 3 (Fig. 03) .- shows a section, profile, and elevation view of a magnetic crown (5011).

Figure 4 (Fig. 04) .- shows another view in section, profile, and elevation of a magnetic crown (5011).

Figure 5 (Fig. 05) .- shows a view of a longitudinal section, and a detailed view, of a high speed flywheel (50).

Figure 6 (Fig. 06) .- shows an elevation view of a planetary speed reducer with magnetic output (501).

Figure 7 (Fig. 07) .- shows a section, profile, and elevation view of a magnetic coupling wheel (502).

Figure 8 (Fig. 08) .- shows a sectional view, profile, assembly of a magnetic coupling wheel (502) on a high speed flywheel (50).

Figure 9 (Fig. 09) .- shows a schematic view of operation in the position of load option of the flywheel (50) of a start / stop system for a car by means of mechanical accumulator (1).

Figure 10 (Fig. 10) .- shows a schematic view of operation in the starting position of the internal combustion engine (01), of a start / stop system for a car by means of mechanical accumulator (1).

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

fifty

Figure 11 (Fig. 11) .- shows a schematic view of the operation in the start / stop override position of a start / stop system for a car by mechanical accumulator (1).

Figure 12 (Fig. 12) .- shows a profile and elevation view of a pedal sensor (90).

Detailed description of the invention and detailed presentation of a preferred embodiment of the invention

A preferred embodiment of the invention is described in detail, among the different possible alternatives, by listing its components as well as its functional relationship based on references to the figures, which have been included, by way of illustration and not limitation, according to principles of the claims.

Figure 1 (Fig. 01) .- shows a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a start / stop system for a car by means of mechanical accumulator (1); Fig. 01 illustrates a preferred location of the invention in relation to the toothed crown (02) of the driving inertia flywheel, of the output of a drive shaft (03) of an internal combustion engine (01).

Figure 2 (Fig. 02) .- shows a schematic view, in detail, of a longitudinal section of a start / stop system for a car by mechanical accumulator (1); In Fig. 02 you can see the main parts that it includes as well as their functionality:

to. a shaft (10), of the flywheel (50), whose function is to transmit an angular mechanical power along its axis;

b. a clutch (20), of the flywheel (50), whose functionality is when it is electrically excited through the clutch actuation (201), reception of data by communications bus of the vehicle control unit, allow the passage of mechanical power angular; in case of non excitation does not allow the passage;

C. a gear (30), to mechanically couple the shaft (60) to the shaft (10);

d. a starter connector (40), Béndix type, whose functionality is when electrically excited through the starter connector action (401), reception of the data by communications bus of the vehicle control unit, engage with the gear ring (02), of the flywheel, in order to start the internal combustion engine (01); in case of non-excitation the gear does not occur;

and. a high-speed flywheel (50) with magnetic, vacuum output, lacking a drive shaft, and whose purpose is to store mechanical energy in kinetic form, which contains:

- an inductive speed sensor (504) for transmitting the output shaft speed through a flywheel speed bus (503), sending the data by communications bus to the vehicle control unit;

- a planetary speed reducer with magnetic output (501), composed of a magnetic crown (5011) mounted on a planetary gear (5012) and formed by a plurality of magnets (50113) fitted in housings (50112), oriented radially according to an equidistant and circumferential arrangement,

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

fifty

arranged in a body (50111) so that the polarity orientation of each magnet is inverse to the polarity orientation of its adjacent magnets;

- a magnetic coupling wheel (502) for the collection and delivery of mechanical energy, formed by a plurality of magnets (5022) arranged in their respective housings, radially oriented according to an equidistant and circumferential arrangement, so that the orientation of the The polarity of each magnet is inverse to the orientation of the polarity of its adjacent magnets and that it contains a coupling pin (5023) and a drive shaft (5021);

and in which the magnetic coupling wheel (502) magnetically sympathizes with the magnetic crown (5011) when placed opposite to the poles of its opposite magnets, and the number of magnets (5022, 50113) of each must be even, being preferably made of neodymium alloy, iron and boron (Nd2Fe14B) coated with a layer of nickel to protect them from corrosion.

A flywheel, therefore, is of interest for it to be high speed in order to reduce its size, being contained inside a housing in which the vacuum is made in order to reduce energy losses by self-consumption in friction heat form. By measuring with a sensor the current angular velocity (wx) of a flywheel, we can calculate its accumulated kinetic energy (Ecx), in%, by the following expression:

image 1

; known its nominal angular velocity (wn), in rad / s or in rpm.

The so-called nominal operating zone, which is an area where the flywheel delivers a constant power equal to its nominal power, includes the range of speeds between:

- the nominal angular velocity (wn);

- the current angular velocity oox = oon, in which the flywheel has an accumulated kinetic energy (Ecx) of 50%.

Energy needed to start an internal combustion engine (01)

The energy required to start an internal combustion engine (01) depends on its characteristics, as well as the type of vehicle. Analyzed the consumption of an electric motor used in the starting of an average vehicle, we obtain:

P = V • I = 12 ■ 150 = 1,800 W

This power must be supplied in a time of 1 second to guarantee the ignition of the internal combustion engine (01), therefore we will have:

E = P ■ t = 1,800 ■ 1 = 1,800 J

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Considering, for the reason described in the previous paragraph, an accumulation of kinetic energy double the necessary, we will have:

E = 2 1,800 J = 3,600 J

Finally, if we want to have energy for 10 consecutive starts without being able to reload the steering wheel, we will have:

E = 10 ■ 3,600 J = 36,000 J = 3.6 104 J

The optimal sizing of a flywheel with a geometric shape of solid steel disk of radius (R), length (L), and angular rotation speed (w) has been modeled in excel in order to accumulate the necessary energy to perform the start / stop procedure on a vehicle.

 Steel

     Ec 3.60E + 04 J

 6

 7800 kg / m3

 1 0 i max

 3.72E + 07 N / m3 ÜJ 1084.11 rad / s

 ■ M

 0.25 n 10352.50 rpm

 ¡R

 0.10 m M 12.25 kg

 'L

 0.05 m

 • one

 0.06126 kg / m2

Note that we only need a disc with a radius (R) of 10 cm, a length (L) of 5 cm, a turning speed of about 10,353 rpm, and the steering wheel has a weight of 12.25 kg.

A high speed flywheel (vacuum, without drive shaft, but with induction output) is described in the invention patent application, with application number: P201600535, and is entitled "Mechanical accumulator by means of flywheel. inertia ", whose holder is the University of La Rioja;

F. a shaft (60), of the freewheel (70), whose function is to transmit an angular mechanical power along its axis;

g. a freewheel (70), whose function is to allow the power coming from the drive shaft, that is to say from the drive shaft (03), to move the resistant shaft, the shaft (60), and not vice versa; that is to say, it disengages both axles when the resistant shaft rotates at more revolutions than the drive shaft;

h. a stop / start connector (80), type Béndix; whose functionality is when it is not electrically excited through the stop / start connector action (801), reception of the data by communications bus of the vehicle control unit, engage with the toothed crown (02), of the driving inertia flywheel, with in order to load the flywheel (50) preferably at the stop (actuation on the brake pedal sensor (90)), although it is also possible in the driving regime; in case of excitement, the disengagement occurs.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

fifty

Figure 3 (Fig. 03) .- shows a section, profile, and elevation view of a magnetic crown (5011); in Fig. 03, in the left view, a section can be seen, in profile, in which a plurality of magnets (50113), of the crown, are arranged in their respective housings (50112); in the right view, in elevation, a body (50111) and the plurality of housings (50112) can be seen.

Figure 4 (Fig. 04) .- shows another view in section, profile, and elevation of a magnetic crown (5011); in Fig. 04, in the left view, a section can be seen, in profile, and in the right view, in elevation, of the crown complete with the plurality of magnets (50113) housed in their respective housings (50112).

Figure 5 (Fig. 05) .- shows a view of a longitudinal section, and a detailed view, of a high speed flywheel (50); in Fig. 05, a longitudinal section of the flywheel is shown in the right view whose main feature recommended by the invention is that it lacks a drive shaft, providing for the collection and delivery of the mechanical energy of a reducer planetary speed with magnetic output (501).

Figure 6 (Fig. 06) .- shows an elevation view of a planetary speed reducer with magnetic output (501); in Fig. 06, the assembly of the magnetic crown (5011) in a planetary gear (5012) is shown; The crown rotates at a reduced angular velocity compared to the high rotational speed of the inertial disc.

Figure 7 (Fig. 07) .- shows a sectional view, profile, and elevation of a magnetic coupling wheel (502); in Fig. 07, in the left view, an elevation of the wheel is shown in which a plurality of magnets (5022), of the wheel, arranged in their respective housings (analogously as in the magnetic crown ( 5011), Fig. 03-Fig. 04); in Fig. 07, in the right view, a coupling bolt (5023) and a drive shaft (5021), of the flywheel can be seen.

Figure 8 (Fig. 08) .- shows a sectional view, profile, of assembly of a magnetic coupling wheel (502) on a high speed flywheel (50); in Fig. 08, the assembly of the magnetic coupling wheel (502) on the high speed flywheel (50) is shown; In this way, the drive shaft (5021) is available to transmit magnetically connected mechanical power.

Figure 9 (Fig. 09) .- shows a schematic view of the operating position of the flywheel load option (50) of a start / stop system for a car by means of mechanical accumulator (1); in Fig. 09, the procedure consisting of:

- The toothed crown (02), of the flywheel, is in angular motion with the capacity to transmit mechanical power from the drive shaft (03) of the internal combustion engine (01);

- The stop / start connector (80), Béndix type, is de-energized and therefore engaged with the gear ring (02);

- The freewheel (70) arranged to transmit mechanical power to the shaft (60);

- The gear (30) rigidly coupled to the shaft (60);

- The clutch (20) is energized when the load / re-load order of the high speed flywheel (50) occurs (preferably at the stop, acting on

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

fifty

the brake pedal sensor (90), although it is also possible in the driving regime, programming eg that when the flywheel accumulates energy below a setpoint, the reload is ordered);

- Finally, the shaft (10) transmits the mechanical load / reload power to the high speed flywheel (50).

Figure 10 (Fig. 10) .- shows a schematic view of operation in the starting position of the internal combustion engine (01), of a start / stop system for a car by means of mechanical accumulator (1); in Fig. 10, the procedure consisting of:

- The starter connector (40), type Béndix, is excited and therefore engaged with the gear ring (02);

- The clutch (20) is excited when the start order of the internal combustion engine (01) occurs; This order is generated by any start / stop procedure of the current state of the art;

- Finally, the shaft (10) supplies the mechanical power from the high speed flywheel (50).

Figure 11 (Fig. 11.- shows a schematic view of the operation in the start / stop override position of a start / stop system for a car by means of a mechanical accumulator (1); in Fig. 11, it is shown graphically in thick line said procedure consisting of:

- The stop / start connector (80), type Béndix, is excited and therefore disengaged from the crown gear (02);

This procedure is required when the order to cancel the start / stop system is given and therefore no load reloading of the high speed flywheel is required (50).

Figure 12 (Fig. 12) .- shows a view in profile and elevation of a pedal sensor (90), in which it can be seen that on a brake pedal (900), of any vehicle of the prior art, there is a rotating element (903), which when stepping with the foot describes a turning movement with respect to a fixed element (902), and when released returns to its initial state by means of a spring, and in that turning movement it acts on the axis of a variable resistor (904), being connected by a pedal sensor line (901) with the vehicle control unit. If we express the ohmic value of the variable resistance (Rv) as a percentage, when the pedal sensor (90) is not pressed Rv = 0%, and when Rv = 100% is fully depressed. During normal driving of the vehicle when the driver depresses the brake pedal (900), before operating the hydraulic brake system, the pedal sensor (90) will start, starting the mechanical accumulation on the high-speed flywheel ( 50) during braking speed reduction and therefore generating a force opposing the movement, that is to say brake; If this braking force is not enough instinctively, the driver will continue to apply the brake, in which case the normal hydraulic brake system of the vehicle will act.

A pedal sensor (90), for wind power generation, is described in the invention patent application, with publication number ES-2540379, and which is entitled

"Wind regenerative device and procedure for vehicles", whose owner is the University of La Rioja.

Claims (4)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty 1. Start / stop system for a car by means of mechanical accumulator (1), of the type that incorporates a high-speed flywheel (50) and characterized by: to. a first shaft (10), of the flywheel (50), whose function is to transmit an angular mechanical power along its axis; b. a clutch (20), of the flywheel (50), whose functionality is when it is electrically excited through the clutch actuation (201), reception of data by communications bus of the vehicle control unit, allow the passage of mechanical power angular; in case of non excitation does not allow the passage; C. a gear (30), to mechanically couple a second shaft to the first shaft (10) (60); d. a starter connector (40), Béndix type, whose functionality is when electrically excited through the starter connector action (401), reception of the data by communications bus of the vehicle control unit, engage with the gear ring (02), of the flywheel, in order to start the internal combustion engine (01); in case of non-excitation the gear does not occur; and. a high-speed flywheel (50) with magnetic, vacuum output, lacking a drive shaft, whose purpose is to store mechanical energy in kinetic form, and which contains: - an inductive speed sensor (504) for transmitting the output shaft speed through a flywheel speed bus (503), sending the data by communications bus to the vehicle control unit; - a planetary speed reducer with magnetic output (501), composed of a magnetic crown (5011) mounted on a planetary gear (5012) and formed by a plurality of magnets (50113) fitted in housings (50112), oriented radially according to an equidistant and circumferential arrangement, arranged in a body (50111) so that the orientation of the polarity of each magnet is inverse to the orientation of the polarity of its adjacent magnets; - a magnetic coupling wheel (502) for the collection and delivery of mechanical energy, formed by a plurality of magnets (5022) arranged in their respective housings, radially oriented according to an equidistant and circumferential arrangement, so that the orientation of the The polarity of each magnet is inverse to the orientation of the polarity of its adjacent magnets and that it contains a coupling pin (5023) and a drive shaft (5021); and in which the magnetic coupling wheel (502) magnetically sympathizes with the magnetic crown (5011) by placing them facing the poles of their opposite magnets; F. a second shaft (60), of the freewheel (70), whose function is to transmit an angular mechanical power along its axis; g. a freewheel (70), whose function is to allow the power coming from the driving axle, that is to say the driving axle (03), to move the resistant axle, the second axle (60), and not vice versa; 5 h. a stop / start connector (80), type Béndix; whose functionality is when it is not electrically excited through the stop / start connector action (801), reception of the data by communications bus of the vehicle control unit, engage with the toothed crown (02), of the driving inertia flywheel, with the purpose of loading the flywheel (50); in case of excitement, the disengagement occurs. 10 2. Start / stop system for a car by means of mechanical accumulator (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a pedal sensor (90) arranged on a brake pedal (900) to activate the accumulation mechanical in the high speed flywheel (50) during speed reduction by 15 braking 3. Start / stop system for a car by means of mechanical accumulator (1), according to previous claims, characterized in that the number of magnets (5022, 50113) must be even. twenty 4. Start / stop system for a car by mechanical accumulator (1), according to previous claims, characterized in that the magnets (5022, 50113) are made of neodymium alloy, iron and boron (Nd2Fe14B) coated of a layer of nickel to protect them from corrosion. 25