ES2616782T3 - Pressing device for waste and recyclable materials - Google Patents

Abstract

Pressing device for compacting collected material such as waste, recyclable materials and the like, for collection in a collection container (2), with a press space (9) that can be filled from a filling opening (7) with The collected material and has a press exit opening (28) connectable with the collection container, a pressing piston (10), which is arranged in the press space (9) in a displaceable manner towards the press exit opening (28) and away from it linearly on the straight bottom (11), in the direction of the piston stroke, of the press space (9), as well as a drive device (17) for actuating the pressing piston ( 10), in which a piston front side (22) of the pressing piston (10) directed towards the press exit opening (28) is concavely arched, in which the press exit opening (28) is provided on the opposite side of the press space di rigid to the front side of the piston (22) concavely arched, the collection container (2) is arranged in the direction of the pressing stroke of the pressing piston (10) behind the mentioned press exit opening (28) and the collected material can be pressed into the collection container (2) by the pressing piston (10) by means of a pressing stroke there was the collection container (2) through the mentioned press exit opening, characterized in that the Concave arc of the piston front side (22) is configured such that a superior marginal section of the piston front side protrudes from a central section (25) of the piston front side in the compaction direction.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Pressing device for waste and recyclable materials.

The present invention relates to a pressing device for compacting collected material such as waste, recyclable materials and the like for collection in a collection container, with a press space that can be filled from a filling opening with the collected material and it has a press exit opening connectable with the collection container, a pressing piston, which is arranged in the press space displaceably towards the press exit opening and away from it, as well as a driving device for the pressing piston drive.

To better use the collection container with respect to its storage volume, the containers can be associated with presses by means of which the collected materials are compacted. Presses of this type are arranged, for example, in a front side wall of the collection container, so that the collected material introduced into a filling opening of the press can be pressed through a through hole in the side wall of the collection container in this. The press can be configured separately in this case and can be mounted separately in the collection container. Alternatively, the press can also be integrated in the collection container or form a unit together with the latter.

To achieve high volumes of work and therefore yields, presses of this type are configured with pleasure as linear piston presses, the piston of which can be moved in the manner of a leveling shovel translatively along a straight line. In this regard, the linearly movable pressing piston is usually received in a straight-bottomed press space, so that it can clear from one side to the other on the bottom of the press space towards the container pick-up space and away from it. . Such linearly movable pressing pistons sweep a relatively large volume in their stroke movement, so that a correspondingly large amount of material can be pressed with a stroke of the pressing piston. For example, document DE 20100926 U1 shows a similar pressing device with a collection container connected. For example, other garbage compactors are known from DE 20218428 U1 or DE 3330995 A1.

Since considerable pressures of this type are exerted in part on the material to be pressed, the pressing piston must be set correspondingly solid. Precisely in large-volume presses with large cross sections of the pressing piston, deformations occur on the front side of the piston, so that the precision of adjustment with respect to the surrounding press space and therefore the stroke of the piston can be impaired. To prevent this, the front side of the piston is configured from high-strength, correspondingly thick steel plates and correspondingly reinforced so that, however, the pressing piston receives a very high weight. On the other hand, precisely in the case of linearly movable pressing pistons, the problem often arises that the compacted material tries to deflect the pressing stroke and is pressed over the pressing piston to the filling opening or also at the edges of the piston between the pressing piston and the wall of the press space, so it works dirty and in the most severe case even a jam can occur.

From DE 199 49 024 A1, a pressing device for compacting PET bottles and beverage cans is known, in which a concavely arched pressing blade can be moved in a press space towards a space wall opposite pressing, arched concave. At the bottom of the pressing space a lockable opening is provided that opens after the pressing stroke, so that the compacted material can fall down into a collection container through the bottom opening then opened. Document GB 15 93 170 shows a pressing device for metal shavings and clippings, whose pressing piston can be moved towards a wall of the opposite press space, which can be arranged in a sharp way or pivotally mounted, to In order to control the press pressure. The compacted product can be moved through a side press exit opening by means of a mobile evacuator from the space outside the press space, said evacuator being able to move transversely to the direction of the stroke of the pressing piston through the pressing space. In addition, GB 15 09 922 shows a garbage truck in whose collection container an arcuate pressing punch can be moved in a concave manner.

In addition, US 5,676,320 shows a truck with collection container and pressing device, with the features of the preamble of claim 1, for pressing crushed vehicle tires. The pressing piston is received in the same collection container and can be moved here linearly, the piston front side being configured increasingly in the compaction direction, to press the pieces of crushed tires also in the upper part of the container pick up

On the basis of this, the present invention has the objective of creating an improved pressing device of the aforementioned type, which avoids the disadvantages of the state of the art and perfect the latter advantageously. Preferably, deformations of the pressing piston should be avoided, without this having to be paid with a weight of

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excessive piston, and high-aggressiveness with high flow of material without disturbances is achieved.

According to the invention, this objective is achieved by means of a pressing device according to revindication 1. Preferred configurations of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Thus, it is proposed not to use any pressing piston with a flat front side, but to confer an arc on the front side, which makes the front side of the piston less prone to deformations and at the same time prevents a lateral escape of the material to be compacted. According to the invention, it is provided that the front piston side of the pressing piston directed towards the press exit opening has a concave arc. Thanks to its front concave arc, the pressing piston obtains a much higher input aggressiveness. The material to be compacted no longer attempts to deviate laterally or no longer so intensely, but due to concave arching it experiences forces acting centrally towards the deepest side of the arch, that is, the dragged material slides from the edge of the front side arched towards the center or a corresponding force prevents the material located at the edge of wanting to deviate in the opposite direction. In addition, the arched piston front side is much less prone to a bulge under the pressure of the material, since the front side so to speak is already a little more bulged. While a flat cleaning plate must be very solidly supported or very sharp, in order to preserve its flat shape, a concavely arched front side converts a much better perpendicular pressure into tensile and shear stresses. In this way the pressing piston can be made lighter. In addition, less wear of the material occurs, since the material to be compacted tends to penetrate between the lateral edge of the pressing piston and the wall of the press space.

In a particularly advantageous improvement of the invention, the front piston side is arched in a grooved shape with a horizontal main axis. This is particularly advantageous when the press space is filled from above through a filling opening located above, since a concave arcuate arc of the piston front side in a horizontal direction prevents a deflection of the material collected upwards towards the filling opening In addition, a simple piston geometry is produced that can be manufactured simply.

Basically, it would also be possible to arch the piston front side in several axes, for example, in the manner of a negative segment of the spherical shell, that is, concave. However, the above-mentioned grooved arc of the front side is preferable. In particular, the piston front side can be arched so that, in a vertical cutting plane, the piston front side has a concave arc, while, in a horizontal cutting plane, the piston front side has a straight contour. . In this design the front side of the piston is arched so to speak only on one axis, while the front surface has a straight development in the direction perpendicular to it.

In particular, the concave arching of the front piston side can be formed by several flanges of the front surface, and all the flanges can advantageously run parallel to each other and extend in particular in the horizontal direction.

In order to achieve a pressure of the material that distributes the forces favorably, the flanges of the piston front side are advantageously oriented in this case all in the same direction, that is, flanges in the opposite direction or opposite direction are not provided, so that it is produced an essentially uniform concave arch. However, in this case it may be advantageous that on a lower edge of the piston front side, which clears on the bottom of the press space, a marginal band slightly bent in the opposite direction is provided, which avoids a too intense cutting effect of front piston side against the bottom.

Basically, the concave arching of the piston front side could also be provided by uniform deformation of the piston front side with constant curved development. However, the configuration described above of the concave arch by means of flanges is preferable, which can be manufactured on one side in a simple way and, on the other hand, confer a high rigidity on the front side.

In this regard, in the preferred development of the invention, front sections are provided in the form of a band, flat between the flanges. In this case the mentioned flanges are advantageous with respect to a constantly arched front side also with a view to the transport of material, since the folds that occur in the flanges between two flat bands further prevent a deflection of the material transversely up or down, since the material is suspended so to speak in the ribs.

In this regard, the concave arching of the pressing piston front side is configured such that an upper marginal section and advantageously a lower marginal section of the piston front side protrudes from a central section of the piston front side in the compaction direction. or direction of the piston stroke. In this way the material to be compacted is collected in the central section of the front piston side. The front side of the piston exerts a centering effect on the material to be compacted, so try to capture the material and center it on the central section.

To achieve, on the one hand, a high input aggressiveness, however, on the other hand, not to have a cutting effect

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too intense in the projecting marginal sections of the piston front side, the arc is advantageously configured so that the lower marginal section and the mentioned upper marginal section of the piston front side form an angle in the range of 90 ° to 120, preferably approximately 95 ° to 110 °, observed in a vertical cutting plane, with respect to the compaction direction, that is, the direction of advance of the piston during compaction, it can be advantageously provided that the lower marginal section is slightly arched in opposite direction with respect to a section located above, so that the clearance edge extends essentially at an angle of 90 ° with respect to the compaction direction.

The number of the flanges of the front piston side can vary basically. To achieve, on the one hand, a high rigidity and, on the other hand, not having any structured surface of small parts with excessively many edges, in an advantageous improvement of the invention, between 2 and 10, preferably 3 to 6 flanges, may be provided. In this regard, the flanges may be configured basically of different thickness, where in a preferred embodiment of the invention the flanges between two adjacent flat surface bands may form an obtuse angle between 183 ° and 200 °, preferably between 185 ° and 195 ° .

The aforementioned geometry of the front side of the pressing piston is especially advantageous in the case of a linearly movable pressing piston, which can be translatively moved along a straight line towards the direction of press exit and away from it. Advantageously, the press space is provided with a straight bottom, which extends straight at least in the direction of the piston stroke, so that the piston can clear over the bottom. Basically the bottom of the press space could in this case have a slightly ribbed bow. In a preferred improvement of the invention, however, a bottom of the flat press space is provided. Adapted to this the lower edge of the press piston or its front side may have a straight development.

The bottom of the press space can be oriented basically horizontally. However, in order to prevent a buildup of moisture in the press space during the processing of the collected wet material, in an advantageous improvement of the invention it may be provided that the press space has an inclined bottom that is steeply configured towards the container of collection. In particular, the bottom of the press space can be continuously steeply configured along its entire length towards the collection container, that is, it is inclined not only in a partial area towards the collection container, but also extends from inclined shape over the entire stroke of the pressing piston or its entire length, so that no moisture site can be left anywhere, but drains into the collection container. In this regard, the angle of inclination of the bottom of the press space with respect to the bearing surface of the press or with respect to a horizontal one in the case of horizontal placement can be between 1 ° and 30 °, preferably approximately 1.5 ° and 10 °, however, an inclination of more than 10 ° may eventually also be advantageous in the case of wet material presses.

The present invention is explained in more detail below by an example of preferred embodiment and the corresponding drawings. In the drawings they show:

Fig. 1: a schematic overview in perspective of a pressing collecting device with a container of

collection and a press according to an example of advantageous embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2: a schematic perspective representation of the press pressing piston of fig. 1, which

Obliquely shows the front side of the pressing piston from the front,

Fig. 3: a schematic perspective representation of the pressing piston of fig. 2 from a back side,

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Fig. 4: a longitudinal sectional view in perspective of the pressing manifold device of fig. one.

The embodiment of the pressing manifold device 1 drawn in fig. 1 comprises a collection container 2, on whose front side a press 3 is arranged, forming in the embodiment drawn the collection container 2 and the press 3 together a rolling container unit with wheels 4 at opposite ends, which through a coupling piece 5 in the form of a grab, which is arranged in the embodiment drawn on the front side of the pressing collection device formed by the press 3, it can be grasped in a known manner by a vehicle of known cargo in sf, rise and crawl on the cargo surface of the car.

The collection container 2 is essentially shaped as a sillar in the drawn embodiment and on its front side directed towards the press 3 has an opening 6, which essentially extends over the lower half of the front wall of the collection container 2 in The press side. In this regard, the press opening 6 is associated with the cross section of the discharge of the press 3 or a press exit opening 28, so that through the opening 6 the collection container 2 can be filled with the material collected corresponding.

In the drawn embodiment, the press 3 has on its upper side a filling opening 7, which in the drawn embodiment is limited laterally by side walls 8 that run obliquely upwards, which run from the

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upper edge of the front side of the press 3 towards the upper edge of the highest collecting container 2, see fig. 1. In this way, a cuneiform assembly space, open upwards, is produced in which the waste, recyclable materials and the like can be thrown into the press 3.

As shown in fig. 4, the press 3 has a press space 9 essentially in the form of a tray, whose cross-section is essentially U-shaped in the embodiment drawn and which is open towards the pressing opening 6 on the front side of the collection container.

In the press space 9, a pressing piston 10 is received in a longitudinally movable way, whose circumferential contour is essentially adapted to the cross section of the pressing space 9, so that the pressing piston 10 clears the total surface over the space Press 9. As shown in fig. 4, the press piston 10 forms a carriage that runs on the bottom of the press space 9. From the front side 22 of the pressing piston 10 forming a leveling blade, a guide part extending up and down respectively extends backwards, which drives the pressing piston 10 into the walls of the pressing space 9 in the manner of carriage blades.

In this regard, the upper side of the press space 9 is closed by a cover 13 formed by the sliding elements 12 that are coupled to the pressing piston 10, so that the sliding elements 12 are flaked apart when the piston is deployed. pressing 10 and placed on the filling opening 7, in order to prevent debris from being thrown behind the piston when it is in the pressing position drawn in fig. 4. If the piston is driven from the pressing position drawn in fig. 4 back to its starting position, the sliding elements 12 are dragged so that the press space 9 is opened in front of the pressing piston 10 and the filling opening 7 is released.

As shown in fig. 4, the bottom 11 of the press space 9 is inclined steeply towards the collection container 2, forming in the embodiment shown the bottom of the press 11 a flat plate, which is inclined with respect to the support surface 14 of the press collecting device 1 with an acute angle in the range between 1.5 ° and 10 °. In this regard, the bottom 11 is arranged with respect to its height so that at its end directed towards the collection container 2 a further piece is arranged above the bottom 15, so that between the bottom of the press space 9 and the bottom 15 of the collection container 2 produces a step 16 or a stair-shaped landing, see fig. 3. This step between the bottom of the press space 11 and the bottom of the collection container 15 forms a return lock that prevents a passage of the liquid that is in the collection container 2 to the press space 9, and advantageously also when the collection container 2 shakes from one side to the other, for example, when deposited or loaded and moves the liquid that is in the collection container 2 from one side to the other. The inclination of the bottom of the press space 11 ensures that the moisture or liquid that reaches the press space 9 drains into the collection container 2.

The pressing piston 10 can be operated basically in a different way and way, for example, through a pinion and rack drive, a lifting scissors drive, as is known in the case of lifting platforms, and / or a hydraulic cylinder arrangement 17, whereby the pressing piston 10 can be moved from one side to the other in a linear fashion on the bottom 11 of the press space 9.

As shown in fig. 2, the front side 22 of the pressing piston 10 is concavely arched, the concave arc-shaped arc being configured with a horizontal main axis. If the pressing piston 10 is observed in a vertical cutting plane, which extends parallel to the direction of the piston stroke, the front side 22 is concavely arcuate, the arc being provided so that the upper marginal sections and lower 23 and 24 of the rectangular front side 22 observed in the projection extend protruding from a central section 25, that is, in the compaction direction the upper and lower marginal sections 23 and 24 are arranged more forward than the central section 25 The upper and lower marginal sections 23 and 24 may be arranged in this case at the same distance forward in reference to the direction of the piston stroke. Expressed in other words, the piston front side 22 bends back in a central section, see fig. 2.

The concave arc of the piston front side 22 is formed in this case by several flanges 26, which extend transversely horizontally on the pressing piston 10. In this respect, in the manner of embodiment drawn 5 flanges are provided together 26 likewise, the 4 upper flanges are oriented in the same direction forward, so that the concave arc occurs, while the lower flange is configured in the opposite direction, so that the lower lower marginal section of the piston front side 22 extends essentially vertically.

In this regard, the lower and upper marginal sections of the concave arch are inclined at an angle of approximately 5 ° to 20 ° in relation to the vertical.

Between the flanges 26, the front piston side 22 has flat surface sections 27 in the form of a band, see fig. 2.

The piston front side 22 is formed in this case by a plate preferably in one piece, which has been correspondingly flanged. At the lower edge, a marginal crimping can be provided, which is configured as a wear piece, since according to experience, the greatest wear occurs on the bottom of the press space 9.

5 In this regard, the pressing piston 10 is configured as a whole, generally speaking, essentially in the form of a sillar, the front side 22 mentioned is set by side walls that extend essentially parallel to the direction of the stroke. As shown in fig. 3, the piston walls, including the front side 22, are supported in this respect by a support or frame construction with support belts and frame belts, which set or form the edges of the pressing piston 10 in the form of a sillar .

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Claims (13)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five 1. - Pressing device for compacting collected material such as waste, recyclable materials and the like, for collection in a collection container (2), with a press space (9) that can be filled from a filling opening ( 7) with the collected material and has a press outlet opening (28) connectable with the collection container, a pressing piston (10), which is arranged in the press space (9) in a displaceable manner towards the opening of press outlet (28) and moving straight away from it straight on the bottom (11), in the direction of the piston stroke, of the press space (9), as well as a drive device (17) for the piston drive pressing (10), in which a front piston side (22) of the pressing piston (10) directed towards the press exit opening (28) is concavely arched, in which the press exit opening (28) is provided on the opposite side of the press space addressed to the concavely arched piston front side (22), the collection container (2) is arranged in the direction of the pressing stroke of the pressing piston (10) behind the aforementioned press exit opening (28) and the collected material can be pressed into the collection container (2) by the pressing piston (10) by means of a pressing stroke there was the collection container (2) through the mentioned press exit opening, characterized in that the concave arc of the piston front side (22) is configured so that an upper marginal section of the piston front side protrudes from a central section (25) of the piston front side in the compaction direction. 2. - Pressing device according to the preceding claim, in which the concave arc of the piston front side (22) is ribbed with a horizontal main axis. 3. - Pressing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the front piston side (22) has a concave arc in a vertical cutting plane, which extends parallel to the direction of the piston stroke, and It has a straight contour in a horizontal cutting plane. 4. - Pressing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the concave arch extends essentially over the entire height of the front piston side (22). 5. - Pressing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the concave arching of the piston front side (22) is configured so that a marginal section (24) of the piston front side protrudes with respect to the central section ( 25) of the piston front side in the compaction direction. 6. - Pressing device according to the preceding claim, wherein the lower marginal section (24) forms an angle of 90 ° to 110 ° with respect to the compaction direction, in a vertical cutting plane extending parallel to the direction of the piston stroke. 7. - Pressing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper marginal section (23) of the piston front side (22) forms an angle of 90 ° to 110 ° with respect to the compaction direction, observed in a vertical cutting plane that extends parallel to the direction of the piston stroke. 8. - Pressing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the concave arching of the piston front side (22) is formed by several flanges (26) of the piston front side (22) extending in the horizontal direction . 9. - Pressing device according to the preceding claim, wherein the flanges (26) that form the concave arc are all oriented in the same direction. 10. - Pressing device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein flat front side sections (27) are provided between the flanges (26). 11. - Device according to claim 8, 9 or 10, wherein 2 to 10, preferably 3 to 6 flanges (26) are provided. 12. - Device according to claim 10, wherein the flange angle between two adjacent front side sections (27) is in the range of 3 ° to 20 °, preferably 5 ° to 10 °. 13. - Pressing device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the press space (9) has an inclined bottom (11) which is steeply configured towards the collection container (2), in which the bottom (11) of the press space (9) is steeply steeply inclined over its entire length towards the collection container (2).