ES2594179B1 - Home appliance component for a home appliance - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention refers to a household appliance component (1) for a household appliance, wherein said household appliance component (1) has a microstructured surface (2) at least in sections. Also, the invention refers to a method for manufacturing a household appliance component (1) for a household appliance, in which a surface (2) of the household appliance component (1) is microstructured at least in sections.

Description

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COMPONENT OF DOMESTIC APPLIANCE FOR AN APPLIANCE

DOMESTIC

DESCRIPTION

The invention refers to a domestic appliance component for a domestic appliance. Likewise, the invention refers to a method for manufacturing a domestic appliance component for a domestic appliance, and a domestic appliance comprising at least one domestic appliance component.

Microorganisms have evolved with unique properties that allow them to survive under difficult conditions, as well as adhere to solid surfaces in many environments. From the moment that pathogenic bacteria are involved, the consequences can be problematic, and can occur from hygiene problems to infections and even public health problems. Therefore, the surface properties of the components of domestic appliances, such as walls and cladding, are of paramount importance, since these surfaces are frequently or continuously in contact with the environment, so that a settlement of microorganisms can occur . This is particularly noticeable in those domestic appliances that run on water, such as dishwashers, dryers, and washing machines. As an example, the internal walls of water storage tanks tend to form biofilms if a relatively long time elapses between dishwashing cycles. In this case, biofilms can be formed on these inner walls and, sometimes, it may happen that they are not completely removed during the next wash cycle. The same problems can be observed in the detergent tray of a washing machine and the like. Therefore, it is of great interest that domestic appliance components for domestic appliances with special surface properties are developed, in order to avoid the adhesion of microorganisms and the formation of biofilms to thereby avoid bacterial contamination of the domestic appliance and other related problems with that.

At this time, the coatings are the most common countermeasure to avoid the adhesion of bacteria on the components of a domestic appliance. Such coatings are designed to provide inert chemical groups on the surface, in order to prevent bacterial cells from adhering to the surface and

react with functional groups on the surface of the device component

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domestic. Another approach is to increase surface roughness to prevent adhesion and growth of bacterial cells.

However, currently known coatings show several disadvantages such as insufficient adhesion to different common materials used for household appliance components, as well! as a relatively low resistance to detergents. Therefore, the antimicrobial properties of such coatings decrease over time, and may even be completely lost, which results in increased risk of biofilm formation and bacterial proliferation.

The present invention solves the technical problem of providing a wall element for a domestic appliance with better protection against biofilm formation. Likewise, the present invention solves the technical problem of providing a method for manufacturing a wall element with improved protection against the formation of biofilms in a domestic appliance, and that of providing a domestic apparatus comprising at least one wall element with better properties related to protection against biofilms.

These technical problems are solved by means of a wall element for a domestic appliance, a method for manufacturing a wall element for a domestic appliance, and a domestic appliance according to the independent claims. In the respective dependent claims, advantageous developments of the invention are set out, where the advantageous developments of the wall element are to be considered advantageous developments of the method and of the domestic apparatus, and vice versa.

The first aspect of the invention refers to a domestic appliance component for a domestic appliance, where the domestic appliance component has a microstructured surface at least in sections. The present invention is based on the discovery that bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation can be avoided or, at least, greatly hindered, without the need for additional coatings, active or passive bactericides, chemical products, or the like, by providing a microstructured surface. A microstructured surface allows the topography, roughness, wettability, surface loading, and functional groups of the household appliance component to be precisely adjusted, so that the settlement and adherence of microorganisms can be significantly hindered or prevented completely economically. Also the surface

microstructured in contrast, for example, with coatings, does not change so

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general the macroscopic properties of the base material (s) from which the domestic appliance component is made. Thus, the domestic appliance component according to the invention can be used under the influence of chemically aggressive environments, extreme temperatures, frequent washing, hard water, and the like, without losing the advantageous properties of its surface. Thanks to its durability, there is also no need to verify the antimicrobial function of the household appliance component regularly or frequently. The term "microstructure" includes the concept of the structure of a surface as seen under a microscope with an increase above x25. Thus, the microstructuring within the scope of the present invention means that the surface of the household appliance component is completely modified at least in one or more sections at micrometric scales or below, in order to influence the surface antimicrobial properties. . Microstructures at smaller scales that can be observed with optical microscopes and / or below the micrometer order can be called ultrastructures or nanostructures and are also comprised by the term microstructures.

In an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that said domestic appliance component is partially or completely composed of plastic, in particular, polypropylene. Plastic materials can be used for very different types of household appliance components and for very different purposes. In addition, plastic materials such as polystyrene, polyethylene, or polypropylene can be provided simply and accurately with an economically microstructured surface. Also, plastic materials are very robust and mechanically and chemically durable.

In another advantageous development of the invention, it is envisaged that, at least in the region of its microstructured surface, said domestic appliance component is superhydrophobic and / or has a contact angle with water of at least 120 °, preferably between 130 ° and 160 °. A superhydrophobic surface could be created by using a base material with low surface energy and / or increasing the surface roughness through microstructuring. In general, the angle of contact with water also increases by creating microstructures on the surface of the material. Such microstructures reduce the solid surface in contact with liquid water. Thus, a microstructured surface makes it possible to improve the antimicrobial properties of the surface without a coating or alteration of the chemical composition of the base material of the domestic appliance component. Preferably, the angle of contact with the water on the surface of the microstructures is at least 120 °, which includes, by

example, water contact angles of 120 °, 121 °, 122 °, 123 °, 124 °, 125 °, 126 °,

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127 °, 128 °, 129 °, 130 °, 131 °, 132 °, 133 °, 134 °, 135 °, 136 °, 137 °, 138 °, 139 °, 140 °,

141 °, 142 °, 143 °, 144 °, 145 °, 146 °, 147 °, 148 °, 149 °, 150 °, 151 °, 152 °, 153 °, 154 °,

155 °, 156 °, 157 °, 158 °, 159 °, 160 °, 161 °, 162 °, 163 °, 164 °, 165 °, 166 °, 167 °, 168 °,

169 °, 170 ° or more.

In another advantageous development of the invention, it is anticipated that the microstructured surface comprises emptied with a width between 10 p, m and 35 p, m, preferably between 15 p, m and 30 p, m, and / or a depth of between 2.5 p, m and 20 p, m, preferably, between 2.8 p, m and 18.8 p, m, and / or that the microstructured surface comprises voids that are arranged as a grid at a distance of between 5 p, m and 35 p, m, preferably, between 10 p, m and 30 p, m, relative to each other. These geometric characteristics make it possible to reduce the adhesion and growth of bacteria by at least between log 0.2 and log 2. A width of between 10 p, m and 35 p, m can comprise widths of 10 p, m, 11 p, m, 12 | j, m, 13 p, m, 14 | o, m, 15 | o, m, 16 | o, m, 17 | o, m, 18 | o, m, 19 | o, m , 20 | o, m, 21 | o, m, 22 | o, m, 23 p, m, 24 | j, m, 25 p, m, 26 p, m, 27 p, m, 28 ^ m, 29 p, m, 30 ^ m, 31 p, m, 32 p, m, 33 p, m, 34 p, m, and 35 p, m, as well as the respective intermediate values. A depth of between 2.5 p, m and 20 p, m may comprise depths of 2.5 p, m, 2.6 | o, m, 2.7 | o, m, 2.8 | o, m, 2 , 9 | o, m, 3 | o, m, 4 p, m, 5 p, m, 6 | o, m, 7 p, m, 8 | o, m, 9 p, m, 10 p, m, 11 p, m, 12 | o, m, 13 p, m, 14 | o, m, 15 p, m, 16 p, m,

17 p, m, 18 p, m, 19 p, m, and 20 p, m, as well as the respective intermediate values such as 17.0 p, m,

17.1 p, m, 17.2 p, m, 17.3 p, m, 17.4 p, m, 17.5 p, m, 17.6 p, m, 17.7 p, m, 17 , 8 p, m, 17.9 p, m, etc. The recesses that are arranged as a grid at a distance of between 5 p, m and 35 p, m with respect to each other may be arranged at a distance of 5 p, m, 6 p, m, 7 p, m, 8 p , m, 9 p, m, 10 | j, m, 11 | o, m, 12 | o, m, 13 | o, m, 14 p, m, 15 | o, m, 16 | o, m, 17 p, m, 18 | o, m, 19 | o, m, 20 p, m,

21 p, m, 22 | o, m, 23 | o, m, 24 | o, m, 25 | o, m, 26 | o, m, 27 | o, m, 28 | o, m, 29 | o , m, 30 | o, m, 31 p, m, 32 p, m,

33 p, m, 34 p, m, and 35 p, m, where it is to be considered that the respective intermediate values are also understood and disclosed by the invention.

In another advantageous development of the invention, it is envisioned that the microstructured surface comprises cylindrical bodies having a maximum width between 14 p, m and 35 p, m, preferably between 16 and 31 p, m, and / or a height between 3.5 p, m and 21 p, m,

preferably, between 3.9 p, m and 19, 9 p, m, and / or that the microstructured surface comprises cylindrical bodies that are arranged as a grid at a distance of between 5 p, m and 30 p, m, preferably, between 6 p, m and 28 p, m, with respect to each other. These geometric characteristics also make it possible to reduce the adhesion and growth of bacteria by at least between log 0.2 and log 2. Usually, the bodies

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Cylindrical can have any basic geometric shape, with rectangular or at least practically rectangular shapes like squares and rectangles being preferred. A maximum width of between 14 p, m and 35 p, m may comprise widths of 14 p, m, 15 | o, m, 16 | o, m, 17 | o, m, 18 | o, m, 19 | o, m, 20 | o, m, 21 | o, m, 22 | o, m, 23 | o, m, 24 p, m, 25 p, m, 26 p, m, 27 p, m, 28 p, m , 29 | o, m, 30 p, m, 31 p, m, 32 | o, m, 33 p, m, 34 p, m, and 35 p, m, as well as the respective intermediate values. A height between 3.5 p, m and 21 p, m may comprise heights of 3.5 p, m, 3.6 ^ m, 3.7 p, m, 3.8 p, m, 3.9 p, m, 4.0 p, m, 4 p, m, 5 p, m, 6 p, m, 7 p, m, 8 ^ m, 9 p, m, 10 | j, m, 11 p, m, 12 p, m, 13 ^ m, 14 p, m, 15 p, m, 16 ^ m, 17 p, m, 18 p, m, 19 ^ m, 20 p, m, and 21 ^ m, as well as the values respective intermediates. Cylindrical bodies that are arranged as a grid can have a mutual distance between 5 ^ m and 30 ^ m, that is, 5 p, m, 6 p, m, 7 p, m, 8 p, m, 9 p , m, 10 p, m, 11 p, m, 12 p, m, 13 ^ m, 14 p, m, 15 p, m, 16 ^ m, 17 | j, m, 18 p, m, 19 | o , m, 20 | o, m, 21 | o, m, 22 | o, m, 23 | o, m, 24 | o, m, 25 | o, m, 26 p, m, 27 p, m, 28 ^ m, 29 | j, m, or 30 ^ m, where the respective intermediate values are also to be understood and disclosed by the invention.

In another advantageous development of the invention, it is envisaged that the domestic appliance component is configured as a cladding or wall element of a domestic appliance, in particular, as a cladding or wall element of a domestic appliance operating with water. This makes it possible to prevent the formation of biofilms on such internal and / or external walls of domestic appliance surfaces. Particularly household appliances that work with water such as dishwashers, washing machines, and dryers benefit from the antimicrobial characteristics of the surfaces of the household appliance component and its resistance to detergents and chemical products.

The second aspect of the invention refers to a method for manufacturing a domestic appliance component for a domestic appliance, in which a surface of the domestic appliance component is microstructured at least in sections. The present invention is based on the discovery that bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation can be avoided or, at least, greatly hindered, without the need for additional coatings, active or passive bactericides, chemical products, or the like, by providing a microstructured surface. A microstructured surface allows the topography, roughness, wettability, surface loading, and functional groups of the household appliance component to be precisely adjusted, so that the settlement and adherence of microorganisms can be significantly hindered or prevented completely economically.

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Likewise, the microstructured surface in contrast, for example, with the coatings, does not generally modify the macroscopic properties of the base material (s) from which the domestic appliance component is made. Thus, the domestic appliance component according to the invention can be used under the influence of chemically aggressive environments, extreme temperatures, frequent washing, hard water, and the like, without losing the advantageous properties of its surface. Thanks to its durability, there is also no need to verify the antimicrobial function of the household appliance component regularly or frequently. The term "microstructure" includes the concept of the structure of a surface as seen under a microscope with an increase above x25. Thus, the microstructuring within the scope of the present invention means that the surface of the household appliance component is completely modified at least in one or more sections at micrometric scales or below, in order to influence the surface antimicrobial properties. . Microstructures at smaller scales that can be observed with optical microscopes and / or below the micrometer order can be called ultrastructures or nanostructures and are also comprised by the term microstructures.

In another advantageous development of the invention, it is envisaged that the microstructuring comprises at least one manufacturing step of the group consisting of photolithography, plasma etching, injection molding, in particular with micro-inserts, photogravure, laser engraving, thermal nanoprinting lithograph, hot stamping, ultraviolet nanoprinting lithograph, and roll to roll processing. In this way, various components of the domestic appliance can be optimally manufactured.

In another advantageous development of the invention, it is anticipated that the microstructuring comprises the steps consisting of partial or total metallization of the surface, and in the photolithography of the metallized surface by means of a predetermined photolithograph template to create the microstructures. The use of the photolithograph makes possible the rapid and simple determination of an optimal pattern with which to microstructure the surface. Once this pattern or microstructure has been determined, conventional injection molding with appropriate micro-inserts in the mold can be used for large-scale production of the microstructured household appliance component.

The third aspect of the invention refers to a domestic appliance comprising at least one domestic appliance component according to the first aspect of the invention and / or at least one domestic appliance component that is microstructured at least in

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sections by a method according to the second aspect of the invention. Thus, the domestic appliance is equipped with an antimicrobial household appliance component, where the antimicrobial activity is durable, resistant against detergents and other aggressive chemical products, resistant to temperature, simple and economical fabrication, and does not require other steps or components such as biocidal chemical products, coatings or safety checks. Other features and their advantages can be drawn from the description of the first and second aspects of the invention.

Other features of the invention are drawn from the claims and forms of realization. The characteristics and combinations of characteristics mentioned above in the description, as well as the characteristics and combinations of characteristics mentioned below in the embodiments and / or shown alone in the figures are usable not only in the combination indicated in each case, but also in other combinations or individually, without abandoning the scope of the invention. Therefore, it should be understood that those embodiments that are not shown and explicitly disclosed in the embodiments, but that can be extracted from the embodiments exposed through combinations of features are also understood and disclosed by the invention. separated. Thus, those forms of embodiment and combinations of features that do not show all the characteristics of an independent revindication originally formulated will also be considered disclosed. Next, the embodiments of the invention are shown in more detail in the figures. Here, they show:

Fig. 1 an image of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of a

domestic appliance component during the manufacture of a microstructured surface;

Fig. 2 an image of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the component

of domestic appliance after the fabrication of the microstructured surface;

Fig. 3 a schematic sectional view of the domestic appliance component with

a microstructured surface comprising cylindrical bodies;

Fig. 4 an image of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the component

of domestic appliance with a microstructured surface according to another embodiment of the invention;

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Fig. 5 an image of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the component

of domestic appliance with a microstructured surface according to another embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 6 an image of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the component

of domestic appliance with a microstructured surface according to another embodiment of the invention; Y

Fig. 7 an image of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the component

of domestic appliance with a microstructured surface according to another embodiment of the invention.

In the following embodiments, different methods for manufacturing domestic appliance components 1 with microstructured surfaces 2 superhydrophobes are discussed as an economic strategy to reduce the risk of biofilm formation in an associated domestic appliance, for example, a dishwasher, a dryer, or a washing machine. The domestic appliance components 1 shown in Figures 1 to 7 are all made of polypropylene. It is possible to apply different methods and surface modifications to control the resulting antimicrobial properties of the surfaces in order to avoid the adhesion of microorganism cells. Suitable methods for the microstructure of the surface 2 of the components of domestic appliance 1 are, for example, irradiation with ultraviolet radiation, plasma modifications, printing using lithograph techniques, or laser modifications. Other suitable techniques are based on the creation of topographic patterns of the surfaces 2 by means of lithographic engraving or hot stamping to avoid cell adhesion. In Figures 1 and 2, the surface structuring on polypropylene is set out to define the optimal parameters in terms of superhydrophobic properties and a low formation of biofilms. For such purposes, photolithography and plasma etching techniques are used. Once the optimal pattern has been identified, conventional injection molding with appropriate micro-inserts on the mold can be used for large-scale production of the microstructured domestic appliance components 1. In all the figures, the superhydrophobic surfaces 2 of polypropylene are created by microstructures.

The manufacturing methods that have been used to test different patterns in order

of optimally reducing bacterial growth include lithography and etching by

reactive ions although other methods such as laser or injection molding will also be

possible. Next, its steps are briefly described:

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1. A household appliance component 1 is provided, made entirely of polypropylene (PP);

2. Metallization of surface 2 with aluminum (thickness of the film 200 nm) to cover the entire irregular surface 2 (the initial roughness Ra of the PP without the microstructure is usually approximately 100 nm);

3. Photolithograph on the aluminum film:

to. Application of a positive photoprotector (for example, TI 35ES, Microchemicals GmbH) with a thickness of 2.7 pm;

b. Creation of the template for the photolithograph: patterns with a depth (a) of 10-55 pm, a width (b) of 5-22 pm, and a spacing (c) between structures of 730 pm;

C. Wet chemical etching of the aluminum film using a suitable corrosive solution (for example, an acid for etching aluminum from Technic Inc or Transene Electronic Chemicals);

d. Engraving by reactive ions on polypropylene surface 2 [oxygen plasma; 300 W radio frequency; P = 0.19 mbar; Flow 02: 20 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute)]; Y

and. Elimination of the fine aluminum film by means of a suitable corrosive solution.

Figure 1 shows an image of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the domestic appliance component 1 during the fabrication of the microstructured surface 2 after step 3.d. The already microstructured surface 2 comprises recesses 3, which are arranged as a grid at a distance of approximately 35 pm, with a width of approximately 35 pm.

Figure 2 shows an image of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the domestic appliance component 1 after fabrication of the microstructured surface 2, that is, after step 3.e. Cylindrical bodies 4 can be observed, which are arranged as a lattice and have a rectangular geometry.

Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view of the domestic appliance component 1 with a microstructured surface 2 comprising such cylindrical bodies 4. Generally, the depth (a) of the bodies 4 can vary, for example, between 10-55 pm, the width (b) may vary, for example, between 5-22 pm, and the spacing (c) between the bodies 4 may vary between 7-30 pm.

Obviously, other manufacturing methods could also be used to create the microstructured surface, such as laser or thermal nano-printing lithography, hot stamping, ultraviolet nano-printing lithography, or roll-to-roll processes, to obtain such patterns. It can be shown that patterns with the following 5 parameters can reduce bacterial growth between a reduction of log 0.2 to log 2. In all cases, the microstructured surface 2 had an angle of contact with water between 130 ° and 160 ° :

1. Grooves with a width ranging between 15 and 30 pm, and a height ranging between 2.8 and 18.8 pm, distributed in a regular matrix with spacing factors of

10 between 10 and 30 pm;

2. Square columns with a width that oscillates between 16 and 31 pm, and a height that oscillates between 3.9 and 19.9 pm, distributed in a regular matrix with spacing factors between 6 and 28 pm.

The following table 1 contains a list of various embodiments of the invention, where samples PP1 to PP21 are components of household appliances 1 microstructured made of polypropylene. Figures 4 to 7 show images of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the domestic appliance components 1 according to sample PP2 (figure 4), PP9 (figure 5), PP10 (figure 6), and PP20 (figure 7) . In Table 1, "A.C. MD" indicates the average angle of contact with water, while "MD Reduction" indicates the average reduction in bacterial colonization compared to a corresponding domestic appliance component without a microstructured surface.

Table 1

 Sample

 Microstructure

 Depth Width Spacing

 (^ m) (^ m) (^ m)

 PP1

 18.6 17 23

 PP2

 19.9 17 28

 PP3

 6.8 19 6

 PP4

 12.0 16 11

 PP5

 5.1 16 11

 PP8

 22.1 16 11

 PP9

 26.9 16 11

 PP10

 7.3 17 23

 PP11

 6.3 17 28

 PP12

 17.7 19 6

 PP13

 4.6 17 23

 PP14

 3.9 17 23

 PP16

 11.5 15 10

 PP19

 10.0 31 9

 PP20

 4.4 31 9

 PP21

 13.0 31 9

The main advantages of surface microstructuring are:

- Long term durability

- Resistance to detergents and chemical products

5 - Temperature resistance

- Simplicity of the process

- That it is not necessary to apply coatings or chemical products, or check the safety of such coatings / chemical products.

The values of the parameters mentioned in the documents to define the conditions of the process and measurement to characterize the specific properties of the object of the invention are also included within the scope of the invention, as well! as in the framework of deviations, for example, as a result of measurement errors, system errors, errors in the heavy quantity, DIN tolerances, and the like.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

1 Domestic appliance component

2 Microstructured surface

3 Emptying

4 Cylindrical body

Claims (11)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 1. Domestic appliance component (1) for a domestic appliance, characterized in that said domestic appliance component (1) has a microstructured surface (2) at least in sections. 2. Domestic appliance component (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said domestic appliance component (1) is partially or completely composed of plastic, in particular polypropylene. 3. Domestic appliance component (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, at least in the region of its microstructured surface (2), said domestic appliance component (1) is superhydrophobic and / or has a contact angle with a minimum of 120 ° water, preferably between 130 ° and 160 °. 4. Domestic appliance component (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the microstructured surface (2) comprises recesses (3) with a width of between 10 p, m and 35 p, m, preferably, between 15 p, m and 30 p, m, and / or a depth of between 2 , 5 p, m and 20 p, m, preferably, between 2.8 p, m and 18.8 p, m, and / or because the microstructured surface (2) comprises recesses (3) that are arranged as a crosslink to a distance between 5 p, m and 35 p, m, preferably, between 10 p, m and 30 p, m, relative to each other. 5. Domestic appliance component (1) according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the microstructured surface (2) comprises cylindrical bodies (4) having a maximum width between 14 p, m and 35 p, m, preferably between 16 p, m and 31 p, m, and / or a height between 3.5 p, m and 21 p, m, preferably between 3.9 p, m and 19.9 p, m, and / or because the microstructured surface (2) comprises cylindrical bodies (4) that are arranged to lattice mode at a distance of between 5 p, m and 30 p, m, preferably, between 6 p, m and 28 p, m, relative to each other. 6. Domestic appliance component (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least the microstructured surface (2) has an average roughness of between 1.10 p, m and 3.4 p, m, preferably, between 1.13 p, m and 3.36 p, m. 10 fifteen twenty 25 7. Domestic appliance component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is configured as a cladding or wall element of a domestic appliance, in particular, as a cladding or wall element of a functioning domestic appliance with water. 8. Method for manufacturing a domestic appliance component (1) for a domestic appliance, in which a surface (2) of the domestic appliance component (1) is microstructured at least in sections. 9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the microstructuring comprises at least one manufacturing step of the group consisting of the photolithography, the plasma etching, the injection molding, in particular with micro-inserts, the photogravure, the laser engraving, the thermal nanoprinting lithograph, hot stamping, ultraviolet nanoprinting lithograph, and roll to roll processing. 10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the microstructure comprises the steps consisting of - the partial or total metallization of the surface; Y - the photolithograph of the metallized surface by means of a predetermined photolithograph template to create the microstructures. 11. Domestic appliance comprising at least one domestic appliance component (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and / or at least one domestic appliance component (1) which is microstructured at least in sections by a method according to any method according to any claims 8 to 10.