ES2593849B1 - PROTECTION SYSTEM IN WORKS OF SANDS TRANSPORTED BY WIND AND INSTALLATION PROCEDURE - Google Patents

Abstract

System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind and installation procedure. # It comprises a modular structure formed by a succession of screens 1, each of which includes a base 4 that supports on a floor and a frontal partition 5; where the front partition 5 separates an inner part 11b where the base 4 and the work to be protected is located, and a corresponding outer part 11a with a face of the front partition 5 against which a flow of sand carried by the wind impacts. The base 4 has on its lower face in contact with the ground, longitudinal ribs 10 that are nailed to the ground as means of retention and anchoring of the screen 1. On a top face of the base 4 a mass of sand is deposited as additional means to hold and stabilize each screen 1.

Description

System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind and procedure of installation

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention, as expressed in the statement of this specification, refers to a system of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, and installation procedure. It comprises a modular structure formed by a succession of screens that are placed in parallel along different works and installations, such as, for example, a roadway through which vehicles and also the railroad tracks run. Therefore, the objective of the invention is to retain the sands carried by the wind by means of the screens and thus prevent the sands from accumulating in areas adjacent to said works and installations and also in the works and installations themselves.

Technical problem to be solved and background of the invention It has long been fought against the invasion of sand-moved and wind-transported masses of cultivation areas, facilities and communication roads, such as roads and railways, etc.

When the wind acts on a sandy surface and reaches a speed large enough to begin to move the grains of sand, they acquire speed and some acceleration and due to their weight they fall down a distance and collide with other sand particles dissipating their energy Kinetics in them forcing to move other sand particles. All this added to the thrust of the wind causes sand particles to move and collide with each other successively, but grains of sand that have very little weight tend to rise due to the difference in pressure that originates between the bottom face of the grains of sand that are in contact with the ground and the upper face of said grains of sand subjected to wind speed, so that in this situation the sand particles normally rise and remain in suspension. Even if the wind is present at high levels, it moves the suspended particles and transports them over great distances.

This described phenomenon of mobilization of the grains of sand usually develops at a height of the ground that does not usually exceed 0.5 m; 1 m maximum

The following describes the most common known systems that have been applied to contain the advance and invasion of the arenas.

A first system consists of the construction of natural barriers, such as the planting of trees and shrubs to slow the wind speed and therefore decrease the amount of sand transported to the area to be protected. This described system has the disadvantage of the need for water to keep the vegetation alive; so that the effectiveness of this system becomes difficult in areas of very low rainfall.

A second system consists of the construction of trenches arranged in directions substantially perpendicular to the wind direction that forces the current lines to change direction and therefore to the precipitation of part of the amount of sands it carries. This system has the disadvantage of not sufficiently reducing the movement of the sands, since as the pits are filled their capacity to divert current lines is depleted.

A third system consists of the construction of screens comprising prefabricated concrete elements to intercept wind current lines. This system has the disadvantage of being excessively expensive if we really give these prefabricated elements a minimum necessary height, in addition to needing heavy means of transport to the site; The placement of the prefabricated elements is also an inconvenience because the work area is not always easily accessible due to the presence of sands, which makes it difficult to place the prefabricated elements in the most suitable place.

A fourth system consists of the construction of earth screen walls with some cohesion that have a height between 1.6 m. and 2 m. Although this system is effective to some extent, the most suitable soils for this purpose are not always found. In addition, even if the appropriate soils are found, in the workplace there is the disadvantage of having to clean the sands of the windward and leeward faces that accumulate over time and transport them out of the area to be protected.

A fifth system consists of the construction of low-rise fences around 1 meter, where tarps are used as a means to slow down the wind speed and where several fences arranged in parallel are built. This system has the disadvantage of not admitting its dismantling and due to its low height after a while it ends up burying itself in a short time.

Description of the invention In order to achieve the objectives and avoid the inconveniences mentioned in the previous sections, the invention proposes a system of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind that is located in parallel along a work to be protected. , substantially perpendicular to the wind direction, such as a carriageway and / or a railroad track.

It comprises a modular structure formed by a succession of screens, each of which includes a base that rests on a floor and a front partition; where the frontal partition separates an interior part in which the work to be protected is located, and a corresponding external part with a face of the frontal partition against which a flow of sand carried by the wind impacts; and where said face of the frontal partition is located in a vertical plane inclined forward.

Below a lower face of the base of the screen are longitudinal ribs that are nailed to the ground as retention and anchoring means of said base of the screen.

A mass of sand is deposited on an upper face of the base as additional means to hold and stabilize each screen.

The succession of screens overlap each other by their extreme sections; where intermediate spaces of passage are generated between pairs of adjacent end sections of the screens.

The screens are arranged in successive parallel directions that form complementary angles with respect to the direction parallel to the work to be protected.

The ribs of the screens have a convergent inclination towards the front partition of said screens; where each longitudinal rib is arranged in a plane delimited between two complementary angles taking as reference the bases of the screens.

In a first embodiment, each of the screens comprises an angular configuration formed by two planes that are joined by an arcuate section; where said planes correspond to the base and frontal partition that form an acute angle; and where the base of each screen includes a longitudinal end section located in an outwardly inclined plane that forms an acute angle with respect to a surface that is a continuation of the support surface on the ground on which the screen sits through its base that has the longitudinal ribs forming an integral part of said base.

In a second embodiment, each of the screens comprises an inverted T-shaped structure consisting of a double frontal partition formed by two upwardly opposed vertical planes that are joined by an upper spine, and the base is formed by two horizontal planes opposed that have lower faces that are in contact with the ground, from which the longitudinal ribs emerge forming an integral part of said base. The two horizontal planes of the base have longitudinal end sections that form an acute angle with the ground surface; where the upper spine of the inverted T-shaped screen is reinforced by a longitudinal profile fixed on a lower face of said upper spine which has a curved shape.

In a third embodiment of the invention, each of the screens comprises a mesh structure with an angular configuration constituted by the front partition and the base; where a material selected between a canvas and woodland branches is fixed on the front partition, blocking the gaps of the mesh structure. On the base that rests on the ground, an artificial fabric is placed to deposit the sand mass; where on the base independent pieces are integrated that integrate inferior extensions that constitute the longitudinal ribs that are nailed in the ground like means to control the stability of the screens.

The angular screen of the first embodiment incorporates anchor bolts that include first rings that are complemented by second rings that protrude in front of longitudinal edges of the longitudinal end sections of said screens.

The inverted T-shaped screens also include anchor bolts that are fixed to the upper spine and longitudinal pertil; where the anchor bolts are immobilized by means of two opposing nuts in combination with washers.

The rings of the anchor bolts serve to manipulate the screens during assembly and disassembly through a crane vehicle.

Each of the angular screens of the first embodiment is reinforced and stiffened by a reinforcement reinforcement; wherein said reinforcement reinforcement is fixed against faces of the screen by means of welding points.

Said reinforcing reinforcement comprises two collateral plates joined by two crossbars which are in turn joined by a central plate; where the collateral plates have a series of through holes where anchoring elements are introduced to fix the reinforcement reinforcement to the screen.

The anchor bolts are fixed to the screens of the first embodiment by means of two opposing nuts in combination with washers and reinforcement plates that stop against the collateral plates of the reinforcement reinforcements.

Said anchor bolts are introduced through respective through holes of the reinforcement reinforcements and also through other facing holes of the reinforcement plates and the front partitions of the screens.

The second extreme rings are in solidarity with the ends of the central plates of the reinforcement reinforcements.

The bases of the screens of the first and second embodiment have through openings through which at least part of the sand material drains when said screens are raised. The screens of the third embodiment constituted by the steel mesh, also include through openings constituted by some gaps delimited between the bars of the mesh that have not been covered by the canvas fixed to the base of the screens.

In one embodiment, the longitudinal ribs are portions of the bases delimited by U-shaped cuts; wherein said portions have been folded down to constitute said longitudinal ribs and also through openings

22

On the floor of the outer part of the system of the invention are located longitudinal pits formed by the extraction of a mass of sand that is deposited on the bases of the screens.

The longitudinal end section of the screens forms an acute angle with respect to a superstition that is a continuation of the support surface on the floor on which each screen sits through its base; where said acute angle is delimited between 20 ° and

45 °

On the screens of the first embodiment and the third embodiment (screens formed by steel mesh), the base and the front partition of each screen form an angle less than 90 °.

An installation procedure comprises the following phases: -Place the succession of screens on the floor in parallel along the work / installation to be protected and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the wind. -extraction of a mass of sand from the outside of the ground for the formation of longitudinal pits. -vert the mass of sand extracted from the longitudinal pits on the bases of the screens

On the other hand, as the years go by, around the modular structure formed by the succession of screens an accumulation of sand is generated, being precise disassemble said modular structure and reassemble it so that the protection system of the invention, as described below according to the following additional phases: -move the screens upwards; where in this operation you unload the sand masses deposited in the bases through the openings interns of said bases; where said discharge is carried out on the ground surface

where the screens were previously supported. -formation of a longitudinal elevation of the soil generated by sand accumulation comprising a first part of sand formed by the sand masses discharged from the screens and a second part of sand formed by wind-driven sand against faces of the front partitions ; where a portion of this second part accumulates in the external part and another portion accumulates in the internal part. -level and smooth the soil surface of the longitudinal elevation. -new placement of the screens on the floor surface of the longitudinal elevation. -extraction of a mass of sand from the outside of the ground for the formation of new longitudinal pits comprising the initial longitudinal pits and a stepped area of less depth than said initial longitudinal pits; where said stepped area is adjacent to the longitudinal elevation. -vert the mass of sand extracted from the new longitudinal pits on the bases of the screens.

It should be noted that although the mass of sand that is poured on the bases of the screens is that which is extracted from the longitudinal pits located on the outside of the ground, it is also possible that the mass of sand that is deposited in said bases of the screens are collected from the inside of the floor.

The system of the invention replaces the earth screen wall described in the background section, so that each of the screens of the new system is a lightweight prefabricated element that weighs around 80kg per linear meter making the same function as the aforementioned earth screen wall, without the need to evacuate the accumulated sands on their windward and leeward faces corresponding to both sides of the front partitions, since what is done is to disassemble the screens, then extend the accumulated sand in the same place creating a new location (longitudinal elevation) to reconstitute the system of the invention.

This process of disassembly and assembly can be repeated many times and as a result, it helps to increase the effective height of the screen wall, thereby enhancing the desired degree of protection.

Another very important advantage of the system of the invention is that the mass of sand extracted from the longitudinal pits excavated in front of the modular structure of screens, said mass of sand is used to deposit it on the horizontal bases of the screens to provide greater stability. and subjection in its resistance to the thrust of the winds. In addition, said longitudinal pits are used for the initial placement of sands carried by the wind.

Thus, the proposed system of the invention is a combination between the construction of a pit and that of a wall of earth formed by the succession of screens, but with the advantage of its easy assembly and disassembly and without the need to evacuate sands accumulated on their leeward and windward faces.

First we proceed to assemble the prefabricated elements materialized by the screens, then the pit is excavated in front and the sand material extracted from the excavation of the pit is deposited on the horizontal base of the screens in order to provide the whole with a stability in front of the wind-generated thrusts. In this way there is a pit that serves to capture the transported sands and delays the need to disassemble the screen due to the accumulation of sands.

Once the sands accumulation makes the screen less effective it will be disassembled, proceeding as follows, as described above:

Screen by screen is lifted using the extreme rings trying to slowly lift each screen in order to allow the sand to exit through the existing openings in the base of the screens and thus discharge the sand in the same place where the screens were supported, no need to evacuate said sand; then we level the sands and give it a new dimension without adding or removing sand and we repeat the same assembly operations again of the system of the invention.

What we do with this movement is to increase the effective height of the new location and provide it with more effectiveness.

Normally each screen is placed at a distance between 20 and 35 m.; preferably around 30 m. of the work to be protected, this being a distance that has proven its effectiveness experimentally.

A consequence of these works is the creation, between the screens and the installations or works, of an area free of sand accumulation that allows us future actions that guarantee its protection of the sand deposits; In addition to protecting the development of native plants due to the absence of winds and sand accumulation.

A variant to this system of the invention, less heavy but cheaper and equally effective, is the placement of L-shaped angular screens made of galvanized steel mesh or other non-biodegradable material with reticles of dimensions from 15 x15 cm. up to 30x30 cm. and 10 mm diameter bars. ; This diameter may be another different.

On the vertical plane of each screen a canvas or woodland branches coming from pruning is fixed by plugging the gaps of the mesh, and on the horizontal plane of the base a fabric is placed in artificial fabric to then deposit the earth or sands from the excavation of the pit in front of the assembly, leaving in said base some free holes constituting the through openings. In this embodiment of mesh, it is also possible to attach parts that integrate extensions that constitute the longitudinal ribs that are driven into the ground; all to control the stability of mesh screens.

With this variant you can also disassemble and reassemble and renew the materials of pruning branches or enhance their density due to wear or biodegradation of part of its mass.

Next, in order to facilitate a better understanding of this descriptive report and forming an integral part thereof, a series of figures are attached in which the object of the invention has been represented by way of illustration and not limitation.

Brief description of the figures Figure 1.-Shows an elevation view of the protection system in sand works

transported by the wind, object of the invention. It comprises a modular structure formed by a succession of screens that are placed in parallel along different works / installations. The installation procedure is also an object of the invention. Figure 2.- Shows a plan view of the protection system. Figure 3.- Represents an elevation view of one of the screens that are part of the modular protection structure showing the flow of wind-driven sand against a front screen partition. A scheme of forces acting on the screen as a result of wind is also shown. Figure 4.- Represents a view similar to the previous one, which also includes a longitudinal pit in the ground generated by the extraction of a volume of sand deposited on a base of the screen that rests on the ground. Figure 5. - It shows another elevation view similar to that represented in Figure 4, where the accumulation of sands is highlighted after several years. Figure 6.- Represents an elevation view, showing a screen supported on a longitudinal elevation of the ground, where a volume of sand extracted from a new longitudinal pit has been deposited on the base of the screen. Figure 7.- Shows a perspective view of a screen of the modular protection structure, where a reinforcement reinforcement fixed to the screen is highlighted. Figure 8.- Shows a plan view of the reinforcement reinforcement described in Figure 5. Figure 9.- Shows a plan view of a screen that is part of the modular structure. Figure 10.- Shows a view of a crane vehicle that is used to assemble and disassemble the screens of the system of the invention. Figure 11.- Shows a view of a screen that has a different structure than the one shown in the previous figures. Figure 12.- Represents an elevation view of the screen shown in Figure 11. Figure 13.- Shows a view of a screen consisting of a steel mesh in combination with a canvas or woodland branches.

Description of an exemplary embodiment of the invention Considering the numbering adopted in the figures, the protection system for the sands carried by the wind comprises a modular structure formed by a succession screens 1 that are placed in parallel along different works and installations , such as a carriageway 2 through which vehicles and / or also a track 3 through which a train circulates.

The succession of screens 1 overlap one another by their extreme sections delimiting intermediate spaces 6, through which it can be passed to carry out the maintenance of the modular structure, as well as the assembly and disassembly by a crane vehicle, being able to carry out other necessary operations. The screens 1 are arranged in successive parallel directions that form complementary angles with respect to the direction parallel to the work to be protected.

Each of the screens 1 comprises an angular configuration formed by two planes forming an acute angle, which in a preferred embodiment is 60 °. One of said planes comprises a base 4 that sits on the ground, while the other even plane comprises a front partition 5 inclined with respect to a vertical plane. The base 4 and the front partition 5 are rounded together by an arcuate section

7.

On the other hand, the base 4 of the screen 1 includes a longitudinal end section 8 located in an upwardly inclined plane that forms an acute angle with respect to a surface that is a continuation of the support surface on the ground on which it sits the screen through its base 4. In one embodiment said acute angle has a value between 20 ° and 45 0, having a preferred value of 30 °.

The base 4 of the screen 1 has the upper face on which sand is deposited and a contrasted lower face from which longitudinal ribs 10 that are driven into the ground to get a better fixation of the screen 1. Said ribs 10 have an inclination convergent towards the front partition 5 of the screen 1, while in a preferred embodiment of the invention each longitudinal rib 10 is arranged in a plane delimited between two complementary angles of 45 ° and 135 ° taking as reference the base 4 of the screen 1.

The base 4 and the front partition 5 together with the arcuate section 7 and longitudinal end section 8, delimit an enveloping space 9; where said longitudinal end section 8 helps to keep the pile of sand stably on the base 4 of the screen 1.

The front partition 5 of the screen 1 has a face according to the upper face of the base 4, said front partition 5 also including a face on which the flow of sand is projected when it is dragged by the wind that also falls on said face of the

front partition 5 of the screen 1, as shown more clearly in Figure 3.

The frontal partition 5 separates an internal part 11 b where the enclosure space 9 is located and also the works / installations to be protected, and an external part 11 corresponding to the face of said frontal partition 5 against which the flow of sand dragged by the wind.

In this situation, as shown more clearly in Figure 3, most of the sand flow that corresponds to the first heavier particles, hitting the faces of the different front partitions 5 of the screens 1 that make up the structure modular protection, said first heavier sand particles fall down by gravity on the outside 11a preventing them from passing to the inner part 11b where the different enclosures 9 and also the works and facilities, which are intended to be protected from the accumulation of sands to avoid problems on the side where the works and facilities are located

The flow of sand dragged by the wind also includes other second lighter particles that are placed in raised layers at the height of longitudinal upper edges 5a of the frontal partitions 5 of the succession of screens 1, even said second particles are also located by above and below said longitudinal upper edges 5b, so that these second particles exceed the barrier of the partitions 5 passing to the inner part 11 b where the enveloping spaces 9 and the works and installations are located. However, these second lighter particles in principle do not constitute a problem due to the accumulation of sand material.

On the other hand, at the beginning of the installation and assembly of the modular protection structure, longitudinal pits 12 are excavated on the floor of the outer part 11 as a result of an extraction of sand that is used to deposit it on the bases 4 of the screens 1 in order to achieve a better grip and stability of the screens 1, where the deposition of said sand material on the bases 4 constitutes a pile of sand that remains stable thanks to the end sections 8 of the bases 4 of the screens 1 that constitute means for retaining said piles of sand material to better maintain its stability. Furthermore, said extreme sections 8 facilitate the increase of the sand piles as a result of

the second sand particles that pass the barrier of the frontal partitions 5.

Furthermore, said longitudinal pits 12 have the utility of serving as receiving spaces so that the grains of sand dragged by the wind initially accumulate in said longitudinal moat 12, thus delaying the elevation of the sand material dragged by the wind that is accumulating gradually on the ground in correspondence with the outer part 11 a corresponding to the faces of the front partitions 5 where the sand impacts and with the longitudinal pits 12.

Each of the screens 1 is reinforced and stiffened by a reinforcement reinforcement 13 as shown in Figures 5 and 6; wherein said reinforcement reinforcement 13 is fixed against faces of the screen 1 following the curvature of the arcuate section 7 that joins the front partition 5 and base 4.

Said reinforcing reinforcement 13 comprises two collateral plates 14 joined by two crossbars 15 which are in turn connected by a central plate 16; where the collateral plates 14 have a series of through holes 17, 17 'where anchoring elements are introduced to fix the reinforcement reinforcement 13 to each screen 1; wherein said anchoring elements are anchor bolts 18 and welding points 28.

On the other hand, in order to easily manipulate the screens 1 with the crane vehicle, in an inferior part of the front partitions 5 of the screens 1 the anchor bolts 18 have been fixed by means of two opposing nuts 19 in combination with washers 20 and reinforcement plates 24 that abut against collateral plates 14 of reinforcement reinforcements 13, where said anchor bolts 18 have first extreme rings 21 complemented with second extreme rings 21 'to be able to manipulate the screens 1 by means of the vehicle crane.

Said second end rings 21 'are integral to the ends of the central plates 16 of the reinforcement frames 13; wherein said second end rings 21 'protrude in front of longitudinal edges 8a of the end sections 8.

Said anchor bolts 18 are introduced through respective through holes 17 of the reinforcement reinforcements 13 and also through other facing holes of the reinforcement plates 24 and the front partitions 5 of the screens 1.

With this described arrangement, sand material accumulates over the years, both on the outside 11 corresponding to the ground where the longitudinal pits 12 are located, and on the inner part 11b corresponding to the bases 4 and their areas next. In this situation, when the height of the sand accumulated on both sides of the partitions 5 of the screens 1 reaches an expected height, the screens 1 are removed by raising them upwards with the crane vehicle emptying the sand material accumulated on the bases 4 of the screens 1. To facilitate the emptying of the sand material, the bases 4 of the screens 1 have through openings 22 through which at least part of the sand material drains when the screens 1 are lifted with the crane vehicle.

In this situation, a longitudinal elevation 23 of the soil is generated as a result of the accumulation of sand after the years, then smoothing said longitudinal elevation 23. Next, the different screens 1 are placed again, supported by their bases 4 in a central area of the new longitudinal elevation 23; where on said bases 4, sand material extracted from the new longitudinal pits 12 'that are made will also be deposited again. These new pits comprise the initial pits 12 and a stepped area of less depth than said initial pits; wherein said stepped area is adjacent to longitudinal elevation 23.

Again over the years, when again a large amount of sand accumulates again on both sides of the front partitions 5 of the screens 1, the operation of disassembling and reassembling the screens 1 of the screen will be repeated. modular protection structure, so that as the screens are placed at a higher height, the time it takes to accumulate sand material on both sides of the front partitions 5 is longer and therefore also increases the time space to disassemble and reassemble the screens 1.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in one embodiment the distance O between the alignment of the modular structure of screens 1 and the train track 3 is between 20 and 35 meters, the road 2 being able to be installed in an intermediate zone between track 3 and the modular structure of screens 1.

The set of each screen 1 together with the thrusts of the winds and the filling of sands

or land deposited on the basis of said screen, has to comply with the stability and balance required of the system of the invention.

The corresponding vertical plane with the frontal partition 5 of each screen 1 that intercepts the winds has a certain inclination in order to facilitate the deviation of the current lines, in addition to creating a force component P that favors its stability; wherein said component is perpendicular to the frontal partition 5; all this as shown more clearly in Figure 3. Said force component P generates a vertical force component E that acts perpendicularly against the base 4 of the screen 1.

In one embodiment of the invention, the corresponding horizontal plane with the base that houses the sand and the corresponding inclined plane with the frontal partition 5 will have the same dimensions.

On the other hand, figures 11 and 12 show a screen design l 'different from the screen design 1 of angular structure shown in other figures.

The new screen l 'comprises an inverted T-shaped structure constituted by a double 5' frontal partition formed by two upward converging vertical planes that are joined by a top spine 25, and a 4 'base formed by two opposed horizontal planes that they have faces that are in contact with the ground, from which the longitudinal ribs 10 that drive into said soil emerge; where the two horizontal planes of the base 4 'have longitudinal end sections 8' that form an acute angle with the floor surface as is the case with the angular structure screen 1.

The upper spine 25 of the new inverted T-shaped screen l 'is reinforced by a longitudinal profile 26 fixed on a lower face of said upper spine 25 which has a curved shape.

The manipulation of the new inverted T-shaped screen l 'is carried out by means of two anchor bolts 18 that are fixed to the upper spine 25 and are also fixed to the longitudinal profile 26 by means of opposing nuts 19 and washers 20 as in the case of the screens 1 of angular structure.

One of the two vertical planes of the inverted T-shaped 5 'double frontal partition has a face on which the wind strikes, while the other even vertical plane has a face that is located in the internal part 11 b where the work to protect.

The new inverted T-shaped screen l 'has a symmetrical configuration that facilitates transport and stacking.

On the other hand, although there is a possibility that the bases 4, 4 'of the screens 1,1' incorporate the longitudinal ribs 10 without including the through openings 22, said longitudinal ribs 10 are normally included in combination with the through openings 22, so that in this case the longitudinal ribs 10 is a part of the material of the bases 4, 4 'that have been constituted by making U-shaped cuts on said bases 4, 4' delimiting portions that have then been folded down to constitute said longitudinal ribs 10.

A variant of the system of the invention, less heavy but cheaper and equally effective, is the placement of 1 "angular screens made of galvanized steel mesh or other non-biodegradable material with reticles of dimensions from 15 x15 cm. To 30x30 cm and 10 mm diameter bars; this diameter may be different and the reticles may also have other dimensions than those described.

On the vertical plane of each 1 "screen of steel mesh a canvas or woodland branches from pruning is fixed by plugging the gaps of the mesh, and on the horizontal plane that supports on the floor a fabric of artificial fabric is placed for then deposit the earth or sand from the excavation of pit 12 in front of screens 1 "on the outside 11 a. In this embodiment of mesh, independent pieces 27 are integrated that integrate lower extensions that constitute the

longitudinal ribs 10 that drive into the ground; all to control the stability of the 1 "mesh screens.

With this variant of 1 "steel mesh screens, it is also possible to disassemble and reassemble and renew the materials of the pruning branches or enhance their density due to wear or biodegradation of part of their mass.

The minimum height of each screen with respect to its width will be at least 1.70

m. To justify the balance we use the formula q = u2 / 16 q = basic pressure

u = maximum instantaneous speed in m per second To calculate the wind load we use the formula F = A. q. e F = wind load or force A = projected surface e = drag coefficient q = basic pressure

Assuming an instantaneous maximum speed of 150 km / h of wind in the area of performance we will get: q = 4242/16 = 110.25 kg per m '

F = 1.7. 110.25. 1.6 = 299.88 kg The drag coefficient in this case has been considered 1.6. The land storage capacity of the corresponding horizontal plane with the base

It amounts to approximately 1m3, with the horizontal plane dimension being 2m. That It is equivalent to a weight of 1,300 kg. Taking into account that the density of the earth or sand is 1.3 tons per m3.

If we consider the coefficient of friction of the prefabricated screen with the ground of 0.5, we will obtain friction forces of 650 kg, which is much greater than the thrust generated by the winds at a speed of 150 kms / h which means a

5 wind load of 299.85 kg.

All this, without taking into account the weight of the prefabricated screen and the stability forces generated by the effort of the wind on said prefabricated screen.

Claims (19)

1.-System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, that is located in parallel along a work to protect; characterized by: 5 -comprises a modular structure formed by a succession of screens (1, 1 ', 1 "), each of which includes a base (4, 4', 4") that rests on a floor and a front partition (5 , 5 ', 5 "); where the frontal partition separates an inner part (11b) in which the work to be protected is located, and a corresponding outer part (11a) with a face of the frontal partition against which a flow of sand carried by the wind; 10 - below a bottom face of the base of the screen are located longitudinal ribs (10) that are nailed to the ground as retention and anchoring means of said base of the screen; - a mass of sand is deposited on an upper face of the base (4) as additional means to hold and stabilize each screen (1). 2. Protection system in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 1, characterized in that the succession of screens (1) overlap each other by their extreme sections; where intermediate spaces (6) of passage are generated between pairs of adjacent end sections of the screens (1). 3. Protection system in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 2, characterized in that the screens (1) are arranged in successive parallel directions that form complementary angles with respect to the direction parallel to the work to be protected. . 4. Protection system in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs (10) of the screens (1) have a convergent inclination towards the frontal partition (5) of said screens ( one ); where each longitudinal rib (10) is arranged in a plane delimited between two angles 30 complementary taking as reference the bases (4) of the screens (1). 5. Protection system in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the screens (1) comprises an angular configuration formed by two planes that are joined by an arcuate section 35 (7 ); where said planes correspond to the base (4) and front partition (5) that form an acute angle; and where the base (4) of each screen (1) includes a longitudinal end section (8) located in an outwardly inclined plane that forms an acute angle with respect to a surface that is a continuation of the support surface on the ground in which the screen (1) sits through its base (4) which has the longitudinal ribs (10) forming an integral part of said base (4). 6. Protection system in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the screens (1 ') comprises an inverted T-shaped structure constituted by a frontal partition (5') double formed by two upwardly converging vertical planes that are joined by an upper spine (25), and the base (4 ') is formed by two horizontal planes that have opposite faces that have lower faces that are in contact with the ground, of the that the longitudinal ribs (10) emerge forming an integral part of the base (4 '); where the two horizontal planes of the base (4 ') have longitudinal end sections (8') that form an acute angle with the ground surface; and where the upper spine (25) of the inverted T-shaped screen (1 ') is reinforced by a longitudinal profile (26) fixed on a lower face of said upper spine (25) having a curved shape. 7. Protection system in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the screens (1 ") comprises a mesh structure with an angular configuration constituted by the frontal partition (5" ) and the base (4 "); where on the front partition (5") a selected material is fixed between a canvas and woodland branches plugging the gaps of the mesh structure, and on the base (4 ") that supports an artificial fabric is placed on the floor to then deposit the sand mass, and where on the base (4 ") separate pieces (27) are integrated that integrate lower extensions that constitute the longitudinal ribs (10) that are nailed to the ground as a means to control the stability of the screens (1 ") 8.-Protection system in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to any one of the preceding claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the screens (1, 1 ') incorporate anchor bolts (18) having rings (21) extreme. 9.-System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claims 5 and 8, characterized in that the anchor bolts (18) of the screens (1) include first rings (21) that are complemented by second rings (21 ') protruding in front of longitudinal edges (8a) of the longitudinal end sections (8) of the screens (1). 10.-Protection system in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claims 6 and 8, characterized in that the anchor bolts (18) of the screens (1 ') are fixed to the upper strip (25) and to the longitudinal profile (26); where the anchor bolts (18) are immobilized by means of two opposing nuts (19) in combination with washers (20). 11.-System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the angular screens (1) it is reinforced and stiffened by a reinforcement reinforcement (13); where said reinforcement reinforcement (13) is fixed against faces of the screen (1) by mediation of welding points (28). 12.-System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 11, characterized in that the reinforcement reinforcement (13) it comprises two collateral plates (14) joined by two crossbars (15) that are joined in turn by a central plate (16); where collateral plates (14) they have successions of through holes (17) where some are introduced anchoring elements to fix the reinforcement reinforcement (13) to the screen (1). 13.-System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claims 9 and 12, characterized in that: -the anchor bolts (18) are fixed to the screens (1) by means of two nuts opposed (1 9) in combination with washers (20) and reinforcement plates (24) which stop against the collateral plates (14) of the reinforcement reinforcements (13); -the anchor bolts (18) are introduced through respective through holes (17) of the reinforcement reinforcements (13) and also through other opposite holes of the reinforcement plates (24) And of the front partitions (5) of the screens (1); -the second extreme rings (21 ') are integral to the ends of the central plates (16) of the reinforcement reinforcements (13). 14.-System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 1, characterized in that the bases (4, 4 ') of the screens (1, 1') they have through openings (22) through which at least part of the material is drained sand when the screens rise (1); where the longitudinal ribs (10) are portions of the bases 4, 4 'delimited by U-shaped cuts; and where said portions have been folded down to constitute said ribs longitudinal (10) and also through openings (22). 15.-System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claim 1, characterized in that on the floor of the outer part (11 a) they place longitudinal trenches (12) formed by the extraction of a mass of sand which is deposited on the bases (4, 4 ', 4 ") of the screens (1, 1', 1"). 16.-System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the longitudinal end section (8, 8 ') forms an acute angle with respect to a surface that is a continuation of the support surface on the floor on which each screen (1, 1 ') sits through its base (4, 4 '); where said acute angle is delimited between 20 ° and 45 °. 17.-System of protection in works of the sands transported by the wind, according to claims 5 and 7, characterized in that the base (4, 4 ") and the front partition (5, 5 ") of each screen (1, 1") form an angle less than 90 °. 18.-Installation procedure, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the following phases: -Place the succession of screens on the floor in parallel throughout the work to protect, and in a direction substantially perpendicular to the wind direction; -extraction of a mass of sand from the outside (1 1a) of the soil for formation of the longitudinal trenches (12); -vert the mass of sand extracted from the longitudinal pits (12) over the faces internal to the bases of the screens. 19.-Installation procedure according to claim 17, characterized in that It includes the additional phases:

-

disassemble the screens by lifting them up; where in this operation the sand masses deposited in the bases (4) are unloaded; where said discharge is carried out on the floor surface where the screens were previously supported; -formation of a longitudinal elevation (23) of the soil generated by accumulation of

5 sand comprising a first part of sand formed by the sand masses discharged from the screens and a second part of sand formed by wind-driven sand against the outer faces of the front partitions; where a portion of this second part accumulates in the external part (11a) and another portion accumulates in the internal part (11b); 10-leveling and smoothing the floor surface of the longitudinal elevation (23); -new placement of the screens on the floor surface of the longitudinal elevation (23); -extraction of a mass of sand from the outside (11 a) of the longitudinal elevation of the ground for the formation of new longitudinal pits (12 ') comprising 15 the initial longitudinal pits (12) and a stepped area of less depth than said initial longitudinal pits (12); where said stepped area is adjacent to the longitudinal elevation (23). -vert the mass of sand extracted from the new longitudinal pits (12 ') on the inner faces of the screen bases.