ES2589410T3 - Continuous casting nozzle for a rod, wire or pipe in an ascending vertical metal wash - Google Patents

Abstract

A continuous casting nozzle adapted for vertical upward casting of a metal (M) for uninterrupted castings (P), said nozzle (1) comprising: - a cooling ring (30) having an upper section (1y) and a lower section (1a); - a mold component (2) made of refractory material and having an upper end (2y) and a lower end (2a), said upper end extending coaxially inside said cooling ring (30) and being, by means of a heat transfer joint (9), in conjunction with said cooling ring, and said lower end (2a) protruding from the cooling ring (30) for immersion in the molten metal (M), and having said component (2) of the mold a surface 12 in internal cross section, which defines an elongated continuous casting mold cavity (20), co-directional with a central axis (10) and coinciding with the casting (P) to be produced in terms of its external shape and external dimensions (11), characterized in that said mold component (2) comprises one or more tangential melt feeding holes (3) at a distance (R1) from the central axis (10) of the hole, being said distance greater than a distance a (R2) of surface of the internal surface (12) of the cavity (20) of continuous casting mold, from said central axis, as well as an annular flow separation space (4) connecting said one or more holes ( 3) melt feed tangentials with the continuous casting mold cavity (20), whereby the flow separation space (4) has an inner edge (4s) provided with a separation space area (A4) in circumferential cross-section that is smaller than a summation (ΣA3) of the areas (A3) of holes in cross-section of the holes (3) for melt feeding.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Continuous casting nozzle for a rod, wire or pipe in an ascending vertical metal wash

The invention relates to a continuous casting nozzle, which is suitable for continuous upward vertical casting of a metal for continuous casting, said nozzle comprising: a cooling ring having an upper section and a lower section, a mold component consisting of a refractory material and having an upper end and a lower end, said upper end extending coaxially within the interior of said cooling ring and being, by means of a heat transfer joint, in connection with said cooling ring, and said lower end protruding from the cooling ring, and said mold component having an internal cross-sectional surface, which defines an elongated continuous casting mold cavity, co-directional with a central axis and which coincides with the casting currently produced in terms of its outer shape and outer dimensions. The invention also relates to a mold component for vertical upward casting of a metal rod, wire or pipe, said mold component having its inner surface, which defines a continuous casting mold cavity that coincides with its sectional area. transverse, the present rod / wire / pipe having produced in terms of its outer shape and outer dimensions, and said mold component, a central axis, as well! as a lower end and an upper end, said lower end being suitable for immersion in a molten metal, and being able to be attached at its upper end to cooling means, said mold component being constructed in at least one piece of refractory material. The invention further relates to a method of continuous casting of a rod or wire or a vertically ascending pipe, said method comprising: feeding a molten metal to a lower end of an elongated mold component that contains a mold cavity of continuous vertical casting in terms of its central axis; allow the molten metal to solidify to a solid state by cooling the mold component with a cooling ring and remove the solidified solid metal in the form of a wire or a rod or a pipe out of an upper end of the mold component to a casting speed And, the invention also relates to the use in the subsequent processing of a laundry produced with the defined method and the defined equipment.

Publication GB 2 168 633 describes a rotating supply device for an installation of vertical cast iron casting, the question being therefore related to a variant of centrifugal casting. The installation includes a matrix component cooled throughout its length and which constitutes a crucible-type deposit for liquid cast iron. This crucible tank containing spheroidal graphite cast iron is characterized in that it comprises at least at its lower end, means for arranging the liquid cast iron mass contained in said crucible tank with a slow turn having a horizontal component. Said slow turn can be transmitted to the molten iron contained in the tank by hydraulic means, such as by means of one or more nozzles present in the lower section of the crucible tank, whereby said slow turn can be achieved, in particular, by thermal pulses of liquid cast iron from a siphon unit. Preferably, most of the molten metal is supplied along an axial inlet pipe to the bottom of the crucible tank, but can also be supplied along a tangential inlet pipe to the bottom of the tank of melting pot. It is also possible to use jets of an inert gas or magnetic means or mechanical means for the configuration of the laundry in the tank with slow rotation. This installation allows a reduction of the temperature differences transmitted during cooling in the crucible tank and a solidification of a layer of approximately thick tubular formation on the surface of the matrix.

An additional arrangement for the casting of a wire, a rod, or a pipe in continuous casting directed upwardly from a free casting surface is disclosed for example in the patent FI 46,810 (~ US 3,872,913), which describes a method and a device for upward casting of profiled products, such as bars, plates and pipes, wherein the laundry is suctioned by means of a nozzle, which establishes a mold above its surface and having its lower end immersed in the laundry, and being connected to its upper end by a surrounding chiller pipe to a cooler support and a vacuum source. The cooler consists of three concentric pipes, between which cylindrical channels for cooling water extend. The innermost pipe has a larger cross section than the profiled article. The nozzle is constructed of a single piece of refractory material and extends through its upper end, coaxially, inside the cooler. The cooler support has an opening that coincides with the article to be melted, since the mold is connected with an additional cooling zone more extensive than this, said vacuum source allows the suction of the laundry within the present cooling zone inside the mouthpiece.

A variant of the traditional arrangement described above is disclosed in the publication of the GB 2 080 715 application, according to which a dense, homogeneous and long metal rod can be melted continuously by establishing an alternating electromagnetic field, which extends in an upward, elongated direction, introducing molten metal into the lower portion of this field, solidifying the metal while moving in an upward direction towards the field, and removing the solidified metal rod product from the upper portion of said field. For this purpose, the continuous casting device of the publication comprises an elongated tubular casting container arranged in a vertical position to receive the molten metal for solidification, means for delivering the molten material in a lower portion of the container, means for exchanging heat associated with the container for cooling and solidification of molten metal therein, means for removing solidified metal from an upper portion of the container and means of electromagnetic levitation

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arranged around the container along a portion of its length to produce an ascending lifting effect on a column of molten metal in the container. The publication also mentions that the electromagnetic field used is able to levitate the weight of a metal column that moves upwards, advancing the metal column up, keeping the metal column under control and out of contact with the pipe. surrounding it as well! as establishing a stirring effect for the homogenization of solidified metal. This agitation of molten metal is produced in response to the electric eddy currents induced in the molten metal.

The rod, wire or pipe cast by means of said traditional upstream nozzles can be good and precise in terms of their dimensions when performing a visual examination, but the wire can have an internal composition that is not suitable for subsequent conformation. For example, the size of grain within a wire can be excessive. A rod, wire or large grain pipe is broken during a subsequent forming in the grain boundaries and the product is useless. The most traditional pipe fabrication process requires first to melt and cast a block, preheat and extrude the block, followed by a Pliger laminate. An alternative is a smelting and lamination process that requires the smelting of the metal and the horizontal casting of a thick-walled pipe, followed by machining the surface of the pipe and planetary milling. These are difficult to control and highly complicated processes.

The problems of the continuous casting nozzles of the prior art can be solved with a continuous casting nozzle of the invention, which is characterized by what has been defined in the characterizing part of claim 1 and with a component of mold of the invention, which is characterized by what has been defined in the characterizing part of claim 4, as! as with a continuous casting method of the invention which is characterized by what has been defined in the characterizing part of claim 13.

The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a continuous casting nozzle of the invention and a corresponding mold component in a first realization mode for the casting of a rod or a wire by means of an ascending vertical casting process in a longitudinal section that extends through the central axis, along plane II in figure 4.

Figure 2 schematically shows a continuous casting nozzle of the invention and a corresponding mold component, in a second embodiment for the casting of a rod or a wire by means of an ascending vertical casting process in a longitudinal section extending to through the central axis, along the plane II-II in figure 5.

Figure 3 schematically shows a mold component of the invention, in a third embodiment for the casting of a rod or a wire by an ascending vertical casting process in a longitudinal section that extends through the central axis, at along plane III-III in figure 6.

Figure 4 shows an embodiment of the mold component of Figure 1 in cross section in the flow separation space, along the plane IV-IV in Figure 1.

Figure 5 shows an embodiment of the mold component of Figure 2 in cross-section in the flow separation space, along the plane V-V in Figure 2.

Figure 6 shows a mold component of Figure 3 in cross section in the flow separation space, along the plane VI-VI of Figure 3. This figure also represents, with dashed arrows, a possible type of turbulence of molten metal.

Figure 7 schematically shows a lower peripheral jet velocity for molten metal at a large hole distance corresponding to a large peripheral length, and respectively at a higher peripheral mold speed at a smaller surface distance corresponding to a small peripheral length. It should be appreciated that this only shows the principle of speed change, not all numerical values.

The question concerns a nozzle 1 of continuous casting, which is suitable for continuous upward vertical casting of a metal M and which allows to produce P-type castings of uninterrupted rod, wire or tubular type. Said continuous casting nozzle 1 comprises, first of all, a cooling ring 30 having an upper and lower section and a lower section. The continuous casting nozzle 1 is attached to section 1 and upper of its ring 30 by some means suitable for fixed support structures, not shown in the figures. The lower section 1a of the cooling ring 30 of the continuous casting nozzles has a configuration such that it allows the union of a mold component 2 thereto by means of a heat transfer joint 9. For this, and of course for cooling, the cooling ring may have a concentric arrangement of a first portion 31 of the outermost tube, a second portion 32 of the intermediate tube, and a third portion 33 of the inner tube and between the same two codirectional cylindrical passages 34a, 34b with the tube portions and suitable for a flow through them of the cooling water W, that is, to introduce a water flow through

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of the passages or to allow the flow through the passages. Therefore, during operation of the continuous casting nozzle 1, the water W is forced to flow first along a passage 34a between the tube portions, the passage of which is normally, but not necessarily, the outermost of those two passages, from section 1 and upper of the cooling ring to its lower section 1a and then from its lower section 1a back to section 1y upper along the other passage 34b, and finally out of the cooling ring. In other words, the cooling water W flows into the cooling ring along a U-shaped path, therefore circulating around the lower edge of the intermediate tube portion 32 as presented in Figures 1 and 2. For the supply and discharge of the cooling water W, the cooling ring 10 has its upper section provided with water connections, not shown in the figures. Also other or other types of cooling elements and / or cooling fluids can be used. The cooling ring 30 has its upper section arranged at least with fasteners for the continuous casting nozzle 1 as well! as a penetration opening 23 to remove the uninterrupted laundry P as it has been produced. Secondly, said continuous casting nozzle 1 also comprises a mold component 2, which consists of a refractory material and having a 2y upper end and a lower end 2a, said upper end extending for example coaxially inside the ring 30 by cooling through a heat transfer joint 9. The mold component 2 has its lower end 2a protruding from the cooling ring 30 to allow its immersion in molten metal M contained for example in an oven or a crucible, as can be seen in Figures 1 and 2. The component 2 of mold has a surface 12 in internal cross section, which defines a cavity 20 of elongated continuous casting mold co-directional with a central axis 10 and having an area A2 of mold in cross section that coincides with the outer surface and outer dimensions 11 of the laundry P currently produced. The area of union between the mold component 2 and the cooling ring 30 is coated or wrapped with an appropriate thermal insulation 19 so as not to damage the cooling ring 30 since the lower end 2a of the mold component 2 and possibly , the lower part 18 of the cooling ring, with which the mold component 2 is attached, are immersed in the molten metal. The mold component 2 is constructed in at least one piece of an appropriate refractory material, for example, resistant to said molten metal.

The mold component according to the invention comprises one or a plurality of melt feed tangential holes 3 at a hole distance R1 from the molding component 2 and therefore also from the central axis 10 of the casting P. The hole distance R1 is greater than the surface distance R2 of the inner surface 12 of the continuous casting mold cavity 20 from the central axis 10. "Tangential" in this context refers to the address that has at least one principal component directed tangentially, but sometimes also a radially directed component. Therefore, the tangential melt feed holes 3 produce their coincident number, that is, one or a polarity of tangential molten metal jets S1, S2, which has a jet velocity. The jet velocity / jet velocities have a peripheral velocity component or peripheral jet velocity Vt, and often also a radially directed velocity component, which points toward the central axis and which is usually much smaller than the peripheral jet component. and that therefore is not shown in the figures. Generally the melt feed holes 3 are directed in such a way that the radially directed velocity component is as small as possible or does not exist at all, whereby the peripheral jet velocity Vt becomes relatively large. Each melt feed hole 3 has a cross section A3 of the hole, which may be different or equal to each other and whose total combined cross-sectional area is marked with IA3. Generally, the number of melt feed holes is two or more. The size of the melt feed holes depends on the size and cross-sectional area of the casting P, but is often within the diameter range of 1 mm to 10 mm. The mold component also comprises an annular flow separation space 4, which connects said one or more tangential feed holes 3 with the cavity 20 of the continuous casting mold. Preferably, however, not necessarily, this annular flow separation space 4 is arranged in a radial direction, where the radius corresponds to directions of distances R1, R2 from the central axis 10, as is obvious to one skilled in the art, converging from an edge 4u of outer circumference closest to the tangential holes of the melt feed towards an inner edge 4s, which is closer to the central axis 10 of the mold component. In other words, the annular flow separation space 4 has its inner edge 4s, which is closer to the central axis 10, provided with a cross-sectional area a4 of a circumference-shaped separation space, whose height is the dimension of the separation space parallel to the central axis 10 and whose width is a circumference length perpendicular to the radius of the separation space. The flow separation space 4 has its size determined by the casting P and by the size and number of holes 3 tangential of the melt feed, but the above-mentioned height of the separation space is generally of the order of 1 mm to 10 mm . The sum IA3 of the areas A3 of the cross-sectional holes, of the tangential melt feed holes 3 is substantially smaller than a cross-sectional mold area A2, of the inner surface 12 of the mold component 2, which it is therefore an area perpendicular to the central axis 10 defined by the walls of the mold cavity 20. In the process of manufacturing a rod or filament, the wall is only formed by an inner face 12 'of the inner surface 12 in open cross section towards the central axis and, in the process of manufacturing a pipe, the wall is formed by an inner face 12 'of the surface 12 in internal cross-section, open towards the central axis and by an outer face 12' 'of the core 5 of a mandrel 7. Therefore, the mold area A2 in cross-section is defined or by the face 12 'alone or therefore the inner face 12' as well as the outer face 12 '' of the core. The sum IA3 of the areas of the holes in cross section is normally greater than 20% of the area A2 of mold in section

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of the inner surface 12 of the mold component 2 and it is possible / probably that the sum IA3 of the cross-sectional hole areas is more than l2% of the mold area A2 in cross-section of the inner surface 12 of the component printed. The inner edge 4s of the annular flow separation space 4, whose edge is therefore closer to the central axis than the outer edge 4u of the flow separation space 4, has its area of separation gap A4 in circumferential cross section less than one 80% of the mold area A2 in cross section of the inner surface 12 of the mold component. The annular flow separation space 4 may be frozen in the upward direction, for example, in the direction of a casting speed VM, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, or narrowed in the downward direction, for example in a reverse direction of the casting speed, as marked, schematically, in figure 2 with broken lines, or perpendicular to the central axis 10 and the casting speed Vm. The annular flow separation space 4 forms a middle cone angle K with respect to the central axis 10, whose angle may be within the range of 10 ° to 170 °, but probably most preferably within the range of 60 ° to 120 ° . The cover 6 and the mandrel 7 of the mold component 2 can be made of different material or of the same material.

The mold component 2 has its upper end 2 and provided with a diameter d and exterior, which is normally smaller than the diameter dA of the lower end 2a, at least in the extension of the heat transfer joint 9. Therefore, the cooling ring 30 provides an improved cooling effect on the metal contained in the continuous casting mold cavity 20, as a result of the small diameter d and outside of the upper end. At the same time, this allows the mandrel 7 to fit inside or outside the larger diameter of the lower end 2a. Thus, the mold component 2 comprises a cover 6 and the mandrel 7. In this case, the cover 6 constitutes the lower end 2a and the upper 2y end of the mold component 2, and within the upper 2y end of the cover, The elongated continuous casting mold cavity 20 of the mold component extends in a co-directional manner with the central axis 10 and opens in an upward direction to allow a rod, wire or continuously molten pipe to be produced, ie the casting P , and exit upward in a direction opposite to the direction of gravity. Normally, the tangential melt feed holes 3 exit in this cover, but it should be appreciated that, if the cover and the mandrel is designated in any other way, the melt feed tangential holes 3 could alternatively also exist in the mandrel 7. The mandrel 7 is present inside and outside the lower end 2a of the mold component 2 and constitutes there! a cap that closes the cavity 20 of continuous casting mold in the downward direction. The annular flow separation space 4 is present between a face 16 towards the inside of the cover 6 and an upper face 17 of the mandrel 7.

The mandrel 7 included in the mold component extends, in a first option, in a co-directional manner with the central axis 10 from below, only at the level of the lower side of the flow separation space 4, in which the question concerns a mold component 2 useful in the continuous casting of a rod or wire, as shown in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 6. In a second option, the mandrel 7 included in the mold component extends in the form of a nucleus 5 in a codirectional manner with the central axis 10 from below inside the mold cavity 20 at a position between its interior surfaces 12 in an upward direction of the flow separation space 4 at a mandrel length L, in which the question refers to a mold component 2 useful in the continuous casting of a pipe, as shown in Figures 2 and 5.

The continuous casting method of casting a rod or filament or a vertically rising pipe comprises the supply of a molten metal M to a lower end 2a of an elongated mold component 2 containing a cavity 20 of vertical continuous casting mold in terms from its central axis 10, allowing the molten material to solidify to a solid state by cooling the mold component 2 with a cooling ring 30, and removing the solidified solid state metal in the form of a wire a rod to a pipe outside the end 2 and higher of the mold component 2 at a casting speed Vm.

According to the invention, the molten metal M present within the continuous casting mold cavity 20 is arranged in a rotational flow movement process around the central axis 10 using one or more tangential molten metal jets S1, S2, which have been created by the molten metal that flows through the holes 3 of the melt feed. This rotational flow movement, such as a turbulence, normally incorporates both a velocity component that acts around axis 10, that is to say a velocity Vd of peripheral mold, and a velocity component that acts around other codirectional axes with the central axis , as can be seen from Figure 6. The molten metal jets S1, S2 have the velocity VT of the peripheral jet, and these jets S1, S2 are of course at the hole distance R1 of the tangential holes 3 of feed of molten mass from the axis 10. The cavity 20 of continuous casting mold has its inner surface 12, against which the consequent casting P solidifies, in the surface distance R2 from the central axis 10, the smallest distance being than the hole distance R1. Accordingly, molten metal M progresses from a rotary flow movement, which acts at the largest hole distance R1 and therefore has the peripheral jet velocity Vt in a rotational flow or movement acting at the distance R2 of Smaller surface and that has the velocity Vd of peripheral mold. Because the moment remains the same, the rotational flow movement acting around the central axis 10 has a velocity Vd of peripheral mold that is larger than the velocity Vt of peripheral jet, thus allowing or a decisive improvement in the truculence of the metal that is solidifying in the cavity 20 of continuous casting mold. The larger the difference AR makes between the surface distance R2 and the hole distance R1, where AR = R1-R2, widening in a radial direction, that is in the direction of the mentioned distances

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previously, the flow separation space 4 that connects them, a higher velocity Vd of peripheral mold with respect to the velocity Vt of peripheral jet will be obtained. The tangential peripheral jet velocity Vt is normally greater than said casting speed Vm or at least eight times greater than said casting speed Vm. Figure 7 shows the aforementioned tangential velocities, that is, the highest peripheral mold velocity Vd along a peripheral length K2 corresponding to the surface distance R2, where K2 = 2nXR2, and respectively the velocity Vt of lower peripheral jet along a large peripheral length K1 corresponding to the hole distance R1, where K1 = 2nXR1.

This improved continuous casting nozzle, the mold component, and the continuous casting method make it possible to achieve a small grain size in the casting P since the molten metal present within the mold component 2, that is within the cavity 20 of continuous casting mold, is established in rotation or turbulence, said rotation or turbulence being accelerated by a special design of the nozzle 1, in which use is made of a maintained quality of the rotation energy existing in the rotation. The rotation / turbulence of the molten mixture disturbs the nucleation on a boundary surface between the molten and solid matter, that is on a solidification front S, and a two-phase region of the solidification of the metal is possible. A disturbance of the solidification front S allows to achieve a small grain size, which is beneficial, for example, in a subsequent shaping. The improved continuous casting nozzle, the mold component, and the continuous casting method can be used, in particular, for continuous casting of DHP copper, but also of oxygen-free pure copper, copper alloys, aluminum and alloys of aluminum.

The continuous casting nozzle, the mold component and the continuous casting method, according to the invention, and in particular the cooling arrangement of the continuous casting nozzle, allow the use of a continuous vertical casting process, of so that a desired type of wire, rod and pipe is produced directly by casting, whose subsequent shaping for a finer rod, wire or pipe and / or thinner wall, is simpler than that of a traditional embodiment having a size large grain Preforms made from certain copper alloys, such as brass, with a high concentration of zinc, lend themselves relatively easily to a subsequent forming according to the invention, even when the subsequent forming of the traditionally manufactured preforms is almost impossible. All that is carried out according to the invention is the melting and vertical casting and the casting obtained is without a subsequent processing suitable for a subsequent forming, for example in a pipe manufacturing plant, the final product being for example a sanitary pipeline or ACR.

Claims (14)

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A continuous casting nozzle adapted for upward vertical casting of a metal (M) for uninterrupted casting (P), said nozzle (1) comprising: - a cooling ring (30) having an upper section (1y) and a lower section (1a); - a component (2) of the mold made of refractory material and having an upper end (2y) and a lower end (2a), said upper end extending coaxially inside said cooling ring (30) and being, by means of a heat transfer joint (9), in conjunction with said cooling ring, and said lower end (2a) protruding from the cooling ring (30) for immersion in the molten metal (M), and having said component (2) of the mold a surface 12 in internal cross-section, which defines a cavity (20) of elongated continuous casting mold, codirectional with a central axis (10) and which coincides with the casting (P) to be produced in terms of its outer shape and outer dimensions (11), characterized in that said mold component (2) comprises one or more tangential feed holes (3) at a hole distance (R1) from the central axis (10), said distance being greater than a distance (R2) of surface of the internal surface (12) of the cavity (20) of continuous casting mold, from said central axis, as! as an annular flow separation space (4) that connects said one or more tangential feed holes (3) with the continuous casting mold cavity (20), whereby the separation space (4) of Flow has an inner edge (4s) provided with an area (A4) of separation space in circumferential cross section that is smaller than a sum (IA3) of the areas (A3) of holes in cross section of the holes (3) of melt feed. 2. A continuous casting nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper end (2y) of the mold component (2) has an outer diameter (dY), which is smaller than the outer diameter (dA) of the end ( 2a) lower, at least along the length of said heat transfer joint (9), resulting in the cooling ring (30) having an improved cooling effect on the metal present in the cavity (20 ) of continuous casting mold. 3. A continuous casting nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said mold component (2) comprises a cover (6) and a mandrel (7), whereby: - the cover (6) defines the cavity (20) of elongated continuous casting mold for the mold component (2); - said tangential melt feed holes (3) are arranged in the cover (6); - the mandrel (7) is located inside or outside the lower end (2a) of the mold component (2) and constitutes a closure plug of the continuous casting mold cavity (20) in the downward direction for the casting of the rod / wire, or additionally a core (17) in the cavity of continuous casting mold for the casting of a pipe; Y - the sum (IA3) of the hole areas (A3) in cross section of the tangential melt feed holes (3) is smaller than said mold area (A2) in cross section. 4. A mold component for vertical upward casting of a metal rod, wire or pipe, said mold component (2) having its internal surface (12), which defines a cavity (20) of continuous casting mold, which coincides with its mold area (A2) in cross section to produce a rod / wire / pipe in terms of its outer shape and its outer dimensions (11), as well! as a lower end (2a) and an upper end (2y), said lower end being adapted to be immersed in a molten metal (M), and with the possibility of joining at its upper end to cooling devices, said component (2 being constructed) ) of mold of at least one piece of refractory material, characterized in that said mold component (2) comprises: - At least one tangential melt feed hole (3), said tangent (13) having its point (T) of tangency at a distance (R1) of radial hole from the central axis of the mold component (2), whose hole distance is greater than a surface distance (R2) from said central axis (10), whose distance surface is codirectional with a radius of the internal surface (12) of the mold component, thus a summation (ZA3 ) of the hole areas (A3) in cross section of the tangential melt feed holes (3) is smaller than said mold area (A2) in cross section; Y - an annular flow separation space (4), which connects the at least one tangential melt feed hole (3) and the continuous casting mold cavity (20) of the mold component (2) to each other, and which has its inner edge (4s), towards the central axis (10), provided with an area (A4) of circumferential cross-sectional separation space that is smaller than a sum (ZA3) of the areas of the holes in section cross. 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five 5. A mold component according to claim 4, characterized in that the lower end (2a) of said mold component (2) has an outer diameter (dA) that is larger than an outer diameter (dy) of the upper end ( 2y) of the mold component. A mold component according to claim 4, characterized in that said annular flow separation space (4) is converging from a radially outer peripheral edge (4u), which is closer to the tangential melt feed holes , towards a radially inner peripheral edge (4s), which is closer to the central axis (10). A mold component according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that said area (A4) of separation space in cross section of the inner edge (4s) of the annular separation space (4) is at most equal to the area ( A2) of mold in cross section of the internal surface (12) of the mold component (2) and because said area (A4) of separation space in circumferential cross section is less than 80% of the area (A2) of mold in cross section of the internal surface (12) of the mold component (2). 8. A mold component according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that said sum (IA3) of the cross-sectional hole areas of the tangential melt feed holes (3) is not more than 20% of the mold area (A2) in cross section of the internal surface (12) of the mold component (2), and because said sum (IA3) of the hole areas in cross section is not more than 12% of the area (A2 ) of mold in cross section of the internal surface (12) of the mold component. 9. A mold component according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that said annular flow separation space (4) narrows in the upward or in the downward direction, forming a middle cone angle (K) with respect to the axis (10) central or being, on average, perpendicular to the central axis (10). 10. A mold component according to any of claims 4-9, characterized in that the number of said tangential melt feed holes (3) is not less than two. 11. A mold component according to any of claims 4-10, characterized in that said mold component comprises a cover (6) and a mandrel (7), whereby: - the cover (6) constitutes the lower end (2a) and the upper end (2y) of the molding component (2) and inside the upper edge (2y) of the cover extends cavity (20) of elongated continuous casting mold of the mold component in a co-directional manner with the central axis (10) and opens in the upward direction; - said tangential melt feed holes (3) are arranged in said cover (6); - the mandrel (7) is inside or outside the lower end (2a) of the mold component (2) and constitutes a closure plug of the cavity (20) of continuous casting mold in the downward direction; Y - said annular flow separation space (4) is between the face (16) towards the inside of the cover (6) and the upper face (17) of the mandrel (7). 12. A mold component according to claim 11, characterized in that said mandrel (7) extends: - in a codirectional manner with the central shaft (10) from below only to flush with a lower side of the flow separation space (4), with which it is a mold component (2) used in the continuous casting of a rod or a wire; or - in the form of a core (5) in a codirectional manner with the central axis (10) from below in an interior of the mold cavity (20) to a position between its internal surfaces (12) in an upward direction from space (4 ) of separation of flow along a length (L) of mandrel, so it is a component (2) of the mold used in the continuous casting of a pipe. 13. A method of continuous casting of casting a rod or wire or vertically ascending pipe which is carried out with a mold and a nozzle according to the preceding claims, said method comprising: - feeding molten metal (M) to a lower end (2a) of an elongated mold component (2) containing a cavity (20) of continuous casting mold having a vertical central axis (10), while said lower end it is immersed in molten metal (M); - allowing the molten metal to solidify to a solid state by cooling the mold component (2) with a cooling ring (30) that is in union with its upper end (2y); - removing the solidified solid metal in the form of a wire or a rod or a pipe outside the upper end (2y) of the mold component (2) at a casting speed (Vm), characterized in that the molten metal (M) present inside the cavity (20) of continuous casting mold is established by means of one or more jets (S1, S2) of molten metal, which has / have a velocity (Vt) of peripheral jet, in a 5-flow movement of rotation that acts at least around the central axis (10) and a velocity (Vd) of peripheral mold that is greater than the velocity of the peripheral jet. 14. A continuous casting method according to claim 13, characterized in that said peripheral jet rate (Vt) is higher than said casting rate (Vm); and because said peripheral speed (Vt) is at least eight times greater than said casting speed (Vm). 10 15. Use of a rod, wire or pipe manufactured with a continuous casting nozzle according to claim 1 or a mold component of claim 4 or a method of claim 13 as a preform in the production of a thinner and / or thinner wall, wire or pipe.