ES2588018A1 - Definitive disposal system for nuclear waste (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Definitive disposal system for nuclear waste (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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ES2588018A1
ES2588018A1 ES201530566A ES201530566A ES2588018A1 ES 2588018 A1 ES2588018 A1 ES 2588018A1 ES 201530566 A ES201530566 A ES 201530566A ES 201530566 A ES201530566 A ES 201530566A ES 2588018 A1 ES2588018 A1 ES 2588018A1
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nuclear waste
disposal system
aerostats
waste
earth
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ES2588018B1 (en
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Fco. Javier BENITO YGUALADOR
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21FPROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28Treating solids
    • G21F9/34Disposal of solid waste
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64BLIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B1/00Lighter-than-air aircraft
    • B64B1/06Rigid airships; Semi-rigid airships
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64GCOSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/002Launch systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64GCOSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/002Launch systems
    • B64G1/005Air launch
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64GCOSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/64Systems for coupling or separating cosmonautic vehicles or parts thereof, e.g. docking arrangements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64BLIGHTER-THAN AIR AIRCRAFT
    • B64B2201/00Hybrid airships, i.e. airships where lift is generated aerodynamically and statically

Abstract

Definitive disposal system for nuclear waste. System of elimination of the nuclear waste by means of its expulsion of the earth orbit, sending them to the sun or to planets where the conditions of gravity, pressure and temperature will absorb them destroying them of definitive form. The ejection is done using aerostats and recoverable ships, in addition to the rockets of expulsion and control outside the earth's orbit. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Sistema de eliminación definitiva de residuos nucleares. System of definitive disposal of nuclear waste.

Sector de la Técnica. Technical Sector

La invención se encuentra en el sector técnico de la producción de energía nuclear y concretamente en el tratamiento de los residuos nucleares, junto con el sector aeroespacial. The invention is in the technical sector of nuclear energy production and specifically in the treatment of nuclear waste, together with the aerospace sector.

Estado de la Técnica State of the Art

Los residuos nucleares en la actualidad se almacenan en silos especiales, pero no se eliminan, por lo que el riesgo permanece de por vida. La seguridad respecto de los efectos contaminantes aún existentes de los residuos depende fundamentalmente de los contenedores que los guardan y de los almacenes que los albergan. Nuclear waste is currently stored in special silos, but not disposed of, so the risk remains for life. Safety with respect to the still existing contaminating effects of waste depends primarily on the containers that store them and the stores that house them.

Esto supone unos gastos de almacenamiento que se prolongan en un tiempo indeterminado. La capitalización de estos gastos, dado que el tiempo es indeterminado, es muy grande. This implies storage costs that last for an indeterminate time. The capitalization of these expenses, since time is undetermined, is very large.

Objeto de la invención: problema técnico – solución propuesta Object of the invention: technical problem - proposed solution

El objeto de la invención consiste en un sistema de eliminación de los residuos nucleares mediante su expulsión de la órbita terrestre, enviándolos a planetas donde las condiciones de gravedad, presión y temperatura los absorberán de forma definitiva, o incluso al sol donde se eliminarán de forma definitiva o al menos se alejará tanto el problema que se podrá considerar eliminado. The object of the invention consists of a system for the elimination of nuclear waste by means of its expulsion from the Earth's orbit, sending them to planets where the conditions of gravity, pressure and temperature will absorb them definitively, or even to the sun where they will be eliminated in a way definitive or at least the problem that can be considered eliminated will be removed so much.

El problema técnico es el almacenamiento de los residuos del combustible de las centrales nucleares agotados para la producción de energía, pero con una radiactividad que constituye un peligro para la vida y que requiere unas condiciones de almacenamiento y un mantenimiento indefinido en el tiempo. Los residuos cada vez van aumentando y por lógica, su cantidad se incrementará si continúa la actividad de producción de energía por este método, lo que requiere el aumento de los almacenes que deberán crecer de forma indefinida al compás de la producción de energía por las centrales nucleares. El aumento de los residuos pararía en el momento en el que se cambiase el sistema de producción por otros métodos, pero el problema de los residuos almacenados hasta ese momento persistirá de forma indefinida. The technical problem is the storage of fuel waste from depleted nuclear power plants for energy production, but with a radioactivity that constitutes a danger to life and requires storage conditions and an indefinite maintenance over time. Waste is increasingly increasing and, logically, its quantity will increase if the activity of energy production continues by this method, which requires the increase of the warehouses that must grow indefinitely to the compass of the energy production by the power plants nuclear. The increase in waste would stop at the time when the production system was changed by other methods, but the problem of waste stored up to that point will persist indefinitely.

La solución propuesta consiste en un sistema barato de elevar hasta alturas cercanas a la estratosfera los residuos mediante aerostatos, en una primera fase. Mediante el mismo sistema se elevan la nave, el cohete y combustible que proporcione al residuo la velocidad suficiente para ponerlo en órbita en una segunda fase y proporcionarle la velocidad de escape de la atracción terrestre en una tercera fase. The proposed solution consists of a cheap system of elevating the waste by aerostats to heights near the stratosphere, in a first phase. By means of the same system, the ship, the rocket and fuel that provide the waste with sufficient speed to put it into orbit in a second phase and provide the escape velocity of the earth's attraction in a third phase are elevated.

Estas fases fundamentales pueden incrementarse aumentando el número de cohetes o naves planeadoras similares a los transbordadores que se pueden unir al These fundamental phases can be increased by increasing the number of rocket or glider ships similar to the ferries that can be attached to the

conjunto. Esto será de forma tal que las naves empleadas para dar impulso intervendrán en cada fase que corresponderá a un incremento de velocidad y serán recuperables mediante alas para poder planear, o cualquier otro método que les permita aterrizar, mientras que las que se empleen para impulsar más allá de la velocidad de escape, serán irrecuperables. set. This will be in such a way that the ships used to give momentum will intervene in each phase that will correspond to an increase in speed and will be recoverable by wings to be able to plan, or any other method that allows them to land, while those used to drive more beyond escape speed, they will be unrecoverable.

Los aerostatos tendrán la forma adecuada para permitir el ensamblaje de los distintos elementos que van a intervenir. Subirán los elementos que intervendrán hasta una altura determinada en la que la densidad de la atmósfera sea suficiente para conseguir el impulso necesario para alcanzar las velocidades que se necesitan. The aerostats will have the appropriate form to allow the assembly of the different elements that will intervene. The elements that will intervene will rise to a certain height at which the density of the atmosphere is sufficient to achieve the necessary momentum to reach the speeds needed.

Los elementos fundamentales que intervendrán además de los aerostatos de ascenso serán: The fundamental elements that will intervene in addition to the ascent aerostats will be:

‐Una nave planeadora capaz de alcanzar grandes velocidades, similar a los ‐A glider ship capable of reaching high speeds, similar to those

trasbordadores actuales, que será recuperable y servirá para múltiples Current ferries, which will be recoverable and will serve multiple

operaciones. operations.

‐Un cohete que alcanzadas ciertas velocidades y alturas proporcionará al residuo la ‐A rocket that reached certain speeds and heights will provide the waste with

velocidad de escape necesaria para vencer la fuerza de atracción terrestre escape velocity needed to overcome the force of land attraction

expulsándole. Puede permitir el redireccionamiento de su trayectoria en el espacio expelling him You can allow the redirection of your path in space

exterior o en caso de emergencia en su reingreso a la órbita terrestre. Este en un outside or in case of emergency when re-entering the Earth's orbit. This in a

principio va unido a la nave planeadora anterior, pero llegado cierto momento en principle is linked to the previous glider ship, but at some point in

el que la velocidad es suficiente, se desprendería para continuar aumentando su that the speed is sufficient, it would come off to continue increasing its

velocidad y aumentando su altura. speed and increasing its height.

‐El combustible necesario que será de alto rendimiento, como el hidrógeno líquido ‐The necessary fuel that will be high performance, such as liquid hydrogen

o similar, irá encapsulado. ‐El residuo que se pretende eliminar va dentro del anterior cohete mencionado. or similar, it will be encapsulated. ‐The waste that is intended to be removed goes into the previous rocket mentioned.

Los aerostatos suben los distintos elementos hasta las alturas necesarias, donde se ensamblan y desde donde se sueltan de forma que en la caída inicial el conjunto coge velocidad. Inmediatamente, los motores comienzan a funcionar a pleno régimen. Antes de que el descenso sea excesivo, por el efecto del planeo y del aumento de la velocidad se produce una elevación hasta la altura óptima y a velocidades próximas a la velocidad de escape, para conseguir el mayor empuje posible con la menor fricción atmosférica. Posteriormente el cohete que va unido a la nave planeadora, similar a un transbordador, se despegaría de ella, llevando como carga el residuo a eliminar, junto con el combustible necesario para continuar él sólo, aumentando la velocidad y altura hasta salir al espacio exterior y coger el rumbo deseado para llegar al planeta escogido por sus condiciones para su autodestrucción. Mientras tanto el planeador o transbordador irá perdiendo velocidad y altura de forma gradual, para volver a aterrizar y comenzar una nueva operación. The aerostates raise the different elements to the necessary heights, where they are assembled and from where they are released so that in the initial fall the set takes speed. Immediately, the engines start running at full speed. Before the descent is excessive, due to the effect of gliding and the increase in speed, an elevation is produced up to the optimum height and at speeds close to the escape velocity, to achieve the greatest possible thrust with the least atmospheric friction. Subsequently, the rocket that is attached to the glider ship, similar to a ferry, would take off from it, carrying as a load the waste to be removed, along with the fuel necessary to continue it alone, increasing the speed and height until leaving the outer space and take the desired course to reach the planet chosen for its conditions for self-destruction. Meanwhile the glider or ferry will gradually lose speed and height, to land again and begin a new operation.

Descripción de los dibujos. Description of the drawings.

El sistema, como se puede ver en las imágenes consiste en enviar los residuos nucleares procedentes de la producción de energía al sol o a planetas con las condiciones de gravedad y temperatura suficiente para eliminarlos definitivamente, de forma que su poder de atracción colabore en el traslado (Figura 1) The system, as can be seen in the images, consists of sending nuclear waste from the production of energy to the sun or to planets with the conditions of gravity and temperature sufficient to eliminate them definitively, so that their attractive power collaborates in the transfer ( Figure 1)

El proceso de envío se realizará en 3 fases (Figura 2) The shipping process will be done in 3 phases (Figure 2)

‐La 1ª en la que se elevan verticalmente los elementos que proporcionarán las velocidades necesarias para la salida de la órbita terrestre junto con los propios residuos. En esta se emplearán aerostatos para ahorrar el combustible de la elevación. En el final de esta fase se acoplan los diferentes elementos una vez ascendidos. ‐The 1st in which the elements that will provide the necessary velocities for the exit of the Earth's orbit together with the waste itself are raised vertically. In this, aerostats will be used to save the fuel from the lift. At the end of this phase the different elements are coupled once promoted.

‐La 2ª consiste en dejar caer el conjunto mientras se produce la ignición de los motores de una nave con alas, de forma que se recupera la altura y se eleva al aumentar la velocidad, incluso se imprime al conjunto la velocidad necesaria previa a la de escape de la órbita terrestre. Esta nave similar a un trasbordador es reutilizable por lo que el coste se minimiza. ‐The 2nd is to drop the assembly while ignition of the engines of a winged ship, so that the height is recovered and rises with increasing speed, even the necessary speed is printed before the set escape from Earth's orbit. This ship similar to a ferry is reusable so the cost is minimized.

‐La 3ª consiste en imprimir al residuo una velocidad mayor a la considerada de escape y en proporcionarle una trayectoria que lo conduzca al sol o a planeta que lo absorba. En esta fase el cohete en el que va el residuo se pone en funcionamiento despegándose de la nave transbordador para salir de la órbita terrestre. ‐The 3rd is to print the waste at a speed greater than that considered to be an escape and to provide a path that will lead to the sun or the planet that absorbs it. In this phase the rocket in which the waste goes is put into operation by taking off from the shuttle to leave the Earth's orbit.

Los elementos fundamentales a enviar, como se indica en la Figura 3, son los siguientes: The fundamental elements to send, as indicated in Figure 3, are the following:

‐Aerostatos (1) unidos de forma tal que del conjunto puedan colgar los elementos a elevar y que posteriormente adquirirán las velocidades necesarias para la expulsión de los residuos. El tamaño será el adecuado para elevar las cargas y el número y disposición será como se indica (3) para que puedan cargar y permitir el acoplamiento de las diferentes piezas que se suban por gravedad. Los aerostatos serán a base de Helio para proporcionar la seguridad suficiente, pero podrán disponer de unos globos aceleradores (2) a base de Hidrógeno, separados del conjunto para garantizar la seguridad en caso de incendio y que colaborarán aumentando la velocidad debido a su menor densidad respecto del Helio. La velocidad proporcionada por estos flotadores se controlará mediante unos compresores que comprimirán el gas Hidrógeno aumentando su reducida densidad y por tanto disminuyendo su flotabilidad, o bien dejándolo escapar al aire de forma controlada. Estos aerostatos tendrán los mecanismos necesarios para su gobierno y posicionamiento mediante hélices de control y mediante cámaras internas que controlarán la densidad del conjunto para hacerlo ascender o descender, según las necesidades. La primera carga que ascenderá será la que deba quedar en la parte superior del conjunto una vez ensamblado (4) y que en este caso será el aparato alado similar al transbordador ‐Aerostats (1) joined in such a way that the elements to be lifted can be hung from the assembly and will subsequently acquire the necessary speeds for the expulsion of waste. The size will be adequate to lift the loads and the number and arrangement will be as indicated (3) so that they can load and allow the coupling of the different pieces that are climbed by gravity. The aerostats will be based on Helium to provide sufficient safety, but may have hydrogen-accelerating balloons (2), separated from the set to ensure safety in case of fire and that will collaborate by increasing the speed due to its lower density regarding Helium. The speed provided by these floats will be controlled by compressors that will compress the Hydrogen gas by increasing its reduced density and therefore decreasing its buoyancy, or by letting it escape into the air in a controlled manner. These aerostats will have the necessary mechanisms for their governance and positioning by means of control propellers and by internal chambers that will control the density of the assembly to make it ascend or descend, according to the needs. The first load that will ascend will be the one that must remain at the top of the assembly once assembled (4) and which in this case will be the winged apparatus similar to the ferry

(4) que será recuperable e intervendrá en el mayor número posible de ascensos. La segunda carga que ascenderá será el cohete (5), que transportará los residuos radioactivos y el combustible necesario, así como los elementos de gobierno y control remoto. Este orden se podría cambiar según las necesidades de planeo. (4) which will be recoverable and will intervene in the greatest possible number of promotions. The second load that will ascend will be the rocket (5), which will transport the radioactive waste and the necessary fuel, as well as the elements of government and remote control. This order could be changed according to the planning needs.

El acoplamiento o montaje de los elementos se hará como se indica en la figura 4, posicionándose un conjunto de aerostatos sobre el otro, permitiendo el descenso de los elementos, primero para su unión y después para ser soltados y que comiencen a volar por la acción de sus propios motores. (8), (9), (10) y (11). The coupling or assembly of the elements will be done as indicated in figure 4, placing a set of aerostats on the other, allowing the lowering of the elements, first for their union and then to be released and begin to fly by the action of their own engines. (8), (9), (10) and (11).

Las alas del transbordador junto con su potencia de empuje impedirán la caída del conjunto en un principio y propiciarán la elevación en un momento posterior, aumentando la velocidad hasta un punto determinado denominado velocidad de escape, en el que se desprenderá el cohete que transporta los residuos y que seguirá aumentando la velocidad para librarse de la atracción gravitatoria de la tierra. The wings of the ferry along with its thrust power will prevent the set from falling at the beginning and will cause the lift at a later time, increasing the speed to a certain point called escape velocity, in which the rocket that carries the waste will be released and that it will continue to increase the speed to get rid of the gravitational attraction of the earth.

Modo de realización Embodiment

La realización se hará teniendo en cuenta los estudios existentes para la puesta en órbita de satélites y el envío de objetos más allá de los puntos afectados por la 5 atracción gravitatoria terrestre. The realization will be done taking into account the existing studies for the orbiting of satellites and the sending of objects beyond the points affected by the gravitational terrestrial attraction.

El ascenso mediante aerostatos se realizará en latitudes en las que por la acción de la rotación terrestre la velocidad de rotación sea mayor, o bien desde latitudes diferentes, pero llevándolos mediante navegación aérea a estas latitudes óptimas. The ascent by aerostats will be carried out in latitudes where, due to the action of the terrestrial rotation, the rotation speed is greater, or from different latitudes, but taking them by air navigation to these optimum latitudes.

10 El ensamblado de los módulos arriba se hará empleando las hélices que permiten el desplazamiento de los aerostatos en horizontal y en vertical con los compresores que consiguen el ascenso o descenso de la nave al variar su densidad respecto del aire. La precisión de la unión se conseguirá mediante cabos de amarre que 15 sujetarán unos hinchables con respecto a otros. Una vez posicionados los conjuntos de aerostatos y fijados unos a otros, mediante cables como los de una grúa se ensamblarán los aparatos que luego se van a soltar para su autopropulsión. 10 The assembly of the modules above will be done using the propellers that allow the displacement of the aerostats horizontally and vertically with the compressors that achieve the ascent or descent of the ship by varying its density with respect to the air. The precision of the union will be achieved by means of mooring ropes that will hold some inflatables with respect to others. Once the aerostate assemblies have been positioned and fixed to each other, the cables that will then be released for self-propelling will be assembled using cables such as those of a crane.

La nave planeadora se podrá poner en la parte superior o en la inferior de forma 20 que la aerodinámica de la misma propicie el planeo y disminuya la velocidad de descenso una vez se ha desprendido de los aerostatos el conjunto. The glider may be placed at the top or bottom so that the aerodynamics of the same propitiate gliding and decrease the descent speed once the assembly has detached from the aerostats.

El arranque de los motores de la nave planeadora, una vez se ha desprendido de los aerostatos, será inmediato, pero siempre una vez suelto para que el calor de la 25 combustión no perjudique a los aerostatos. The starting of the engines of the glider ship, once it has detached from the aerostats, will be immediate, but always once loose so that the heat of the combustion does not harm the aerostats.

Aplicación industrial Industrial application

30 Este sistema tiene su aplicación en el proceso de producción de energía nuclear, en la parte final correspondiente al tratamiento de los residuos radioactivos que se generan. Aunque el sistema se podría emplear para otros tipos de residuos de alta toxicidad y muy complicado tratamiento como es el caso de los residuos nucleares. 30 This system has its application in the nuclear energy production process, in the final part corresponding to the treatment of the radioactive waste that is generated. Although the system could be used for other types of waste of high toxicity and very complicated treatment such as nuclear waste.

Claims (3)

REIVINDICACIONES 5 1. Sistema de eliminación de los residuos nucleares caracterizado porque se realiza mediante su expulsión de la órbita terrestre, enviándolos al sol o a planetas donde las condiciones de gravedad, presión y temperatura los absorberán destruyéndolos de forma definitiva. La expulsión se realiza empleando aerostatos, naves recuperables y cohetes de expulsión y control fuera de la órbita terrestre. 5 1. Nuclear waste disposal system characterized in that it is carried out by means of its expulsion from the Earth's orbit, sending them to the sun or planets where the conditions of gravity, pressure and temperature will absorb them, destroying them permanently. The expulsion is carried out using aerostats, recoverable ships and ejection and control rockets outside the Earth's orbit. 2. Sistema de eliminación de los residuos nucleares según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el ascenso de los aerostatos se realiza con la ayuda de globos a base de hidrógeno como aceleradores y ayuda en el ascenso de las cargas a elevar. 2. The nuclear waste disposal system according to claim 1, characterized in that the ascent of the aerostats is carried out with the help of hydrogen-based balloons as accelerators and aids in the ascent of the loads to be lifted.
15 3. Sistema de eliminación de los residuos nucleares según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque se emplean varias naves propulsoras recuperables y/o varios cohetes irrecuperables en las distintas fases de lanzamiento en las que intervienen como propulsores. 3. The nuclear waste disposal system according to claim 1, characterized in that several recoverable propeller ships and / or several unrecoverable rockets are used in the different launch phases in which they intervene as propellants.
20 4. Sistema de eliminación de los residuos nucleares según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el orden de colocación de los distintos elementos propulsores es contrario de arriba abajo. A system for the disposal of nuclear waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the order of placement of the different propellant elements is opposite from top to bottom.
5. Sistema de eliminación de los residuos nucleares según la reivindicación 1 5. Nuclear waste disposal system according to claim 1 25 caracterizado porque además de los residuos nucleares se pueden eliminar otro tipo de residuos, incluso sustituir los nucleares por estos. 25 characterized in that in addition to nuclear waste other types of waste can be eliminated, including replacing nuclear waste with these. FIGURA 1 FIGURE 1 FIGURA 2 FIGURE 2 FIGURA 3 FIGURE 3 FIGURA 4 FIGURE 4
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WO2013176571A1 (en) * 2012-05-24 2013-11-28 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Московский Государственный Технический Университет Имени Н.Э.Баумана" (Мгту Им. Н.Э. Баумана) Method for disposing of radioactive waste in outer space and spacecraft for implementing same

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2229155A (en) * 1989-03-13 1990-09-19 Vladimir Mihajlovic Sky platform for rocket launching
US20050116091A1 (en) * 2003-10-23 2005-06-02 Kelly Patrick D. High-altitude launching of rockets lifted by helium devices and platforms with rotatable wings
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