ES2584389B1 - Convection heat exchanger for conversion of thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy - Google Patents
Convection heat exchanger for conversion of thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy Download PDFInfo
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- ES2584389B1 ES2584389B1 ES201400665A ES201400665A ES2584389B1 ES 2584389 B1 ES2584389 B1 ES 2584389B1 ES 201400665 A ES201400665 A ES 201400665A ES 201400665 A ES201400665 A ES 201400665A ES 2584389 B1 ES2584389 B1 ES 2584389B1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/053—Component parts or details
- F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
La presente invención consiste en un intercambiador de calor por convección, formado por una estructura externa, con al menos un orificio para la entrada de fluido portador de calor, un orificio para la conexión del intercambiador al elemento con el cual realizar el intercambio de calor, y al menos un orificio para la salida de dicho fluido del intercambiador, y formado asimismo por una estructura interna, separada de la estructura externa del intercambiador, en tal modo que ambas delimitan al menos un espacio para la circulación del fluido portador de calor, y que dispone a su vez de una serie de conductos que comunican dicho espacio entre estructuras con el espacio interior delimitado por la estructura interna, permitiendo el flujo del fluido portador de calor hacia el interior del intercambiador de calor, donde se hallará el elemento con el que realizar el intercambio de calor. El espacio comprendido entre las estructuras interna y externa del intercambiador tiene una sección que decrece en el sentido de circulación del fluido de transferencia de calor por dicho espacio, ideada de tal forma que la velocidad del portador de calor sea aproximadamente uniforme en todos los puntos de dicho espacio.The present invention consists of a convection heat exchanger, formed by an external structure, with at least one hole for the entry of heat-carrying fluid, a hole for the connection of the exchanger to the element with which to perform the heat exchange, and at least one hole for the exit of said fluid from the exchanger, and also formed by an internal structure, separated from the external structure of the exchanger, in such a way that both delimit at least one space for the circulation of the heat-carrying fluid, and which in turn has a series of ducts that communicate said space between structures with the interior space delimited by the internal structure, allowing the flow of heat-carrying fluid into the heat exchanger, where the element with which Perform heat exchange. The space between the internal and external structures of the exchanger has a section that decreases in the direction of circulation of the heat transfer fluid through said space, designed such that the speed of the heat carrier is approximately uniform at all points of said space.
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Intercambiador de calor por conveccion para conversion de ene^a termica en energia mecanica o electrica.Convection heat exchanger for conversion of thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy.
Objeto de la invencionObject of the invention
La presente invencion se refiere a un intercambiador de calor por conveccion del tipo empleado en sistemas de conversion de energia termica en energia mecanica o electrica.The present invention relates to a convection heat exchanger of the type used in systems of conversion of thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy.
Antecedentes de la invencionBackground of the invention
La energia procedente de la concentration solar, o ene^a solar termoelectrica, se viene desarrollando en los ultimos anos como una alternativa tecnologica y economicamente factible para la production de ene^a electrica a gran escala, frente a los medios tradicionales de produccion de energia mediante combustion de combustibles fosiles, e incluso frente a otras tecnologias que se aprovechan de la misma fuente de energia, como la solar fotovoltaica. Por lo tanto, la mayor parte de las aplicaciones de la energia solar termoelectrica estan orientadas a la generation de grandes cantidades de energia para abastecer a poblaciones o actividades industriales con alto requerimiento energetico.Energy from solar concentration, or thermoelectric solar energy, has been developing in recent years as a technologically and economically feasible alternative for large-scale production of electrical energy, compared to traditional means of energy production by combustion of fossil fuels, and even in front of other technologies that take advantage of the same source of energy, such as photovoltaic solar. Therefore, most of the applications of thermoelectric solar energy are aimed at generating large amounts of energy to supply industrial populations or activities with high energy requirements.
Sin embargo, alternativas cuyo objetivo sea responder a requerimientos energeticos de menor escala (a niveles comparables al domestico) no han sido exploradas todavia con la suficiente intensidad como para permitir la llegada al mercado de pequenos sistemas o sistemas domesticos de aprovechamiento termoelectrico de la energia solar.However, alternatives whose objective is to respond to smaller-scale energy requirements (at levels comparable to the domestic one) have not yet been explored with sufficient intensity to allow the arrival of small systems or domestic systems of thermoelectric use of solar energy on the market. .
La solucion a esta carencia pasa por el desarrollo de sistemas que, a una escala menor que las tecnologias actualmente utilizadas para la produccion de energia electrica a partir de la concentracion solar, permita aunar sistemas eficientes y viables economicamente que permitan en un primer lugar el direccionamiento y concentracion de la luz solar sobre un punto o una superficie reducida; en segundo lugar el almacenamiento del calor; en tercer lugar regular y transferir el calor almacenado a un elemento que sea capaz de convertirlo en movimiento o electricidad; y por ultimo convertir ese calor almacenado en movimiento o electricidad, como por ejemplo mediante un motor de combustion externa de tipo Stirling o un ciclo cerrado Brayton.The solution to this lack is through the development of systems that, on a smaller scale than the technologies currently used for the production of electric energy from solar concentration, allow to combine efficient and economically viable systems that allow addressing in the first place and concentration of sunlight on a point or a reduced surface; secondly heat storage; thirdly regulate and transfer the stored heat to an element that is capable of converting it into motion or electricity; and finally convert that stored heat into motion or electricity, such as through an external combustion engine of the Stirling type or a closed Brayton cycle.
En lmea con lo anterior, varios documentos describen los distintos sistemas enumerados. Asi el documento MX2010014111 (A) describe una lente Fresnel multicapa, para la reception y direccionamiento de la luz solar. Por otro lado el documento MX2009014123 (A) describe un tanque que almacena calor mediante un material de cambio de fase a alta temperatura. Por su parte, el documento WO2011014048 (A2) describe la geometria de un intercambiador de calor por contacto que permite regular y transferir el calor almacenado hasta un motor Sitrling, una turbina Brayton o cualquier otro elemento capaz de convertir energia termica en energia mecanica o electrica.In line with the above, several documents describe the various systems listed. Thus, document MX2010014111 (A) describes a multilayer Fresnel lens, for the reception and addressing of sunlight. On the other hand, document MX2009014123 (A) describes a tank that stores heat by means of a phase change material at high temperature. For its part, WO2011014048 (A2) describes the geometry of a contact heat exchanger that allows regulating and transferring stored heat to a Sitrling engine, a Brayton turbine or any other element capable of converting thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy. .
El intercambiador descrito en el documento WO2011014048 (A2) requiere estrechas tolerancias de fabrication en la pieza de transmision de calor, que requiere a su vez de un contacto preciso con el cabezal del motor Stirling para asi asegurar la eficiencia en la transmision de calor. Por lo tanto, ademas de las tolerancias exigidas, la pieza de transmision de calor debe variarse en funcion del sistema de conversion energia termicaThe exchanger described in WO2011014048 (A2) requires close manufacturing tolerances in the heat transmission part, which in turn requires precise contact with the Stirling motor head in order to ensure heat transmission efficiency. Therefore, in addition to the required tolerances, the heat transfer part must be varied depending on the thermal energy conversion system
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a energia mecanica o electrica. Ademas, al ser necesario asegurar una superficie de contacto continua de la pieza de transmision de calor con el cabezal del motor, se deben utilizar materiales con bajos coeficientes de dilatacion ya que es una zona que opera a alta temperatura. Por ultimo, la regulation de la transferencia de calor se realiza a traves de un sistema de valvula movil, pensada de tal forma que mediante un giro de la misma se puede regular la transferencia de calor. Las altas temperaturas a las que ha de trabajar este mecanismo, que pueden alcanzar los 500°C, dificultan la actuation sobre la valvula.to mechanical or electrical energy. In addition, since it is necessary to ensure a continuous contact surface of the heat transfer part with the motor head, materials with low coefficients of expansion should be used since it is an area that operates at high temperature. Finally, the regulation of heat transfer is carried out through a mobile valve system, designed in such a way that heat transfer can be regulated by turning it. The high temperatures at which this mechanism has to work, which can reach 500 ° C, make it difficult to operate on the valve.
En este sentido es mas ventajoso la utilization de intercambiadores de calor por convection, donde el uso de un fluido para transferir calor tiene justamente ventajas donde la transferencia por conduction presenta una serie de debilidades. En efecto un fluido se puede canalizar de la manera deseada a traves del diseno de un intercambiador capaz de dirigir el fluido portador de calor mas facilmente hacia las superficies con las cuales transferir calor. Por otra parte, y frente a la dificultad de controlar la transferencia de calor mediante medios fisicos, se puede llevar a cabo la regulacion del caudal de fluido portador de calor de forma mas sencilla, por ejemplo mediante valvulas. De este modo se facilita la regulacion del intercambiador ante variaciones de temperatura en la entrada o la salida del mismo. Ademas el intercambiador por conveccion aporta asimismo una mayor versatilidad a la hora de acoplarse con el elemento al que haya que transferir calor, sea un motor Stirling, o sea otro elemento, ya que dicho acople puede realizarse a traves de un junta que en cada caso asegure la union entre dicho elemento y el intercambiador, sin por ello tener que modificar el diseno de este ultimo.In this sense, the use of convection heat exchangers is more advantageous, where the use of a fluid to transfer heat has just advantages where conduction transfer presents a series of weaknesses. Indeed, a fluid can be channeled in the desired manner through the design of an exchanger capable of directing the heat-carrying fluid more easily to the surfaces with which to transfer heat. On the other hand, and in the face of the difficulty of controlling the heat transfer by physical means, the regulation of the heat carrier fluid flow can be carried out more easily, for example by means of valves. This facilitates the regulation of the exchanger in case of temperature variations at the entrance or exit of the same. In addition, the convection exchanger also provides greater versatility when coupled with the element to which heat has to be transferred, be it a Stirling motor, or another element, since said coupling can be made through a joint that in each case ensure the union between said element and the exchanger, without having to modify the design of the latter.
El documento CN102733991 describe un intercambiador de calor como el descrito anteriormente, en el que el mecanismo de transmision de calor por conveccion es aplicando en un motor Stirling. El concepto de base de este intercambiador consiste en un cuerpo con un espacio comprendido entre una estructura interna y otra externa por el que circula el fluido portado del calor, por ejemplo aire o gas, y una serie de orificios y conexiones que permite el paso de dicho fluido a una zona interior en la que tiene lugar el intercambio de calor con el cabezal del motor Stirling, aprovechando las ventajas descritas anteriormente y comunes a los intercambiadores por conveccion.Document CN102733991 describes a heat exchanger as described above, in which the convection heat transmission mechanism is applied in a Stirling engine. The basic concept of this exchanger consists of a body with a space between an internal and an external structure through which the heat-carrying fluid circulates, for example air or gas, and a series of holes and connections that allow the passage of said fluid to an interior area where the heat exchange takes place with the Stirling engine head, taking advantage of the advantages described above and common to convection heat exchangers.
No obstante el sistema reivindicado en CN102733991 presenta importantes limitaciones en su operation que comprometen su eficiencia ya que no alcanza las condiciones optimas de entrega de calor al cabezal del motor Stirling, ya que la velocidad del fluido disminuye a lo largo del camino que recorre por el interior del intercambiador, debido a la perdida sucesiva de caudal por las corrientes que se generan traves de los orificios. Esta variation en la velocidad del fluido no permite mantener una temperatura constante durante el intercambio de calor que se da entre el aire y el foco caliente del motor, no siendo posible alcanzar el regimen estacionario del proceso que es por otro lado el optimo para alcanzar la maxima eficiencia de operacion del motor.However, the system claimed in CN102733991 has important limitations in its operation that compromise its efficiency since it does not reach the optimal conditions of heat delivery to the Stirling engine head, since the speed of the fluid decreases along the path along the path. inside the exchanger, due to the successive loss of flow due to the currents generated through the holes. This variation in the speed of the fluid does not allow to maintain a constant temperature during the heat exchange that occurs between the air and the hot focus of the engine, it being not possible to reach the steady state of the process that is on the other hand the optimum to reach the maximum efficiency of engine operation.
La presente invention aporta una alternativa frente al intercambiador reivindicado en CN102733991 y en general respecto a los intercambiadores por conveccion para este tipo de aplicaciones. De este modo la invencion propuesta consiste en un diseno de intercambiador con un espacio comprendido entre las estructuras externa e interna caracterizado por una seccion que decrece en el sentido de circulacion del fluido portador del calor. De este modo se compensa la perdida de caudal originada por los orificios que sucesivamente van tomando aire de la corriente para su proyeccion contra el cabezal del motor Stirling. Por lo tanto la disminucion progresiva de la section conforme el fluidoThe present invention provides an alternative to the exchanger claimed in CN102733991 and in general with respect to convection exchangers for this type of applications. Thus the proposed invention consists of an exchanger design with a space between the external and internal structures characterized by a section that decreases in the direction of circulation of the heat-carrying fluid. This compensates the loss of flow caused by the holes that successively take air from the current for projection against the Stirling motor head. Therefore the progressive decrease of the section according to the fluid
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portado del calor avanza por el interior del intercambiador permite que la velocidad del mismo se mantenga constante a lo largo del camino y en consecuencia que la proyeccion del fluido a traves de los orificios se lleve a cabo a la misma temperatura en todos los puntos de proyeccion del fluido sobre el foco caliente del motor. De este modo se logra que el intercambio de calor se produzca en condiciones de regimen estacionario asegurando la maxima eficiencia de operacion del motor. El mismo principio de funcionamiento es aplicable cuando se cuenta con otro sistema de conversion de energia termica en energia mecanica o electrica, como por ejemplo un ciclo Brayton.The port of the heat advances through the interior of the exchanger allows its speed to remain constant along the way and consequently that the projection of the fluid through the holes is carried out at the same temperature at all the projection points of the fluid over the hot focus of the engine. In this way it is achieved that the heat exchange takes place under steady state conditions ensuring maximum efficiency of engine operation. The same principle of operation is applicable when there is another system for converting thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy, such as a Brayton cycle.
Descripcion de la invencionDescription of the invention
El objeto de la presente invencion es, como ya se ha mencionado, un intercambiador de calor por conveccion, cuya finalidad es la transferencia de calor a un sistema capaz de convertir energia termica aplicada en energia mecanica o electrica.The object of the present invention is, as already mentioned, a heat exchanger by convection, whose purpose is the transfer of heat to a system capable of converting applied thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy.
La invencion se refiere a un intercambiador de calor por conveccion, que se estructura en dos partes claramente diferenciadas: una estructura externa y una estructura interna.The invention relates to a convection heat exchanger, which is structured in two distinct parts: an external structure and an internal structure.
La estructura externa dispone de al menos un orificio a traves del cual entra en el mismo un fluido portador de calor (un gas caliente, como por ejemplo pueda ser aire), que habra sido calentado de manera previa con algun medio tal como puede ser un tanque almacenador de calor solar, o cualquier otro medio capaz de suministrar una corriente de fluido a temperatura mayor que la ambiental. Asimismo, la estructura externa dispone de un orificio a traves del cual el intercambiador se conecta con el elemento con el cual el fluido portador de calor realizara la transferencia de calor, que puede ser un motor Stirling, una turbina Brayton o cualquier otro sistema de conversion de energia termica en energia mecanica o electrica. Por ultimo, la estructura externa cuenta con al menos un orificio de salida para el fluido portador de calor, de tal forma que cuando el fluido ha realizado el intercambio de calor con el elemento de interes pueda salir del intercambiador a traves del mismo.The external structure has at least one hole through which a heat-carrying fluid enters (a hot gas, such as air, for example), which has been preheated with some means such as a solar heat storage tank, or any other means capable of supplying a fluid current at a temperature higher than the ambient one. Likewise, the external structure has a hole through which the exchanger connects with the element with which the heat-carrying fluid will carry out the heat transfer, which can be a Stirling engine, a Brayton turbine or any other conversion system of thermal energy in mechanical or electrical energy. Finally, the external structure has at least one outlet for the heat-carrying fluid, so that when the fluid has made the heat exchange with the element of interest, it can exit the exchanger through it.
La estructura interna delimita un espacio interior del intercambiador, y esta separada de la estructura externa, de tal modo que entre la estructura interna y la estructura externa existe al menos un espacio vado a traves del cual puede discurrir el fluido portador de calor una vez entra en el intercambiador por el orificio de entrada del que dispone la estructura externa. Dicha estructura interna se comunica con el al menos un espacio existente entre la estructura interna y la estructura externa a traves de una serie de conductos, que permiten el flujo del fluido portador de calor hacia el espacio interior del intercambiador de calor.The internal structure delimits an internal space of the exchanger, and is separated from the external structure, such that between the internal structure and the external structure there is at least one empty space through which the heat-carrying fluid can flow once it enters in the exchanger through the entrance hole that has the external structure. Said internal structure communicates with the at least one space between the internal structure and the external structure through a series of ducts, which allow the flow of the heat-carrying fluid into the interior space of the heat exchanger.
Tanto la estructura interna como el espacio comprendido entre la estructura interna y la estructura externa podran tener la geometria de una curva (curva abierta, circunferencia, elipse, ovoide, espiral, etc.), de una lmea recta o de una lmea poligonal abierta o cerrada.Both the internal structure and the space between the internal structure and the external structure may have the geometry of a curve (open curve, circumference, ellipse, ovoid, spiral, etc.), of a straight line or of an open polygonal line or closed.
La existencia de conductos que comunican el al menos un espacio contenido entre la estructura externa e interna con el espacio interior del intercambiador, hacen que el fluido portador de calor penetre en los mismos. Al hacerlo, la corriente de fluido portador de calor tiende a disgregarse en un numero de corrientes igual al numero de conductos, incrementando su velocidad como consecuencia de la disminucion de la seccion, y saliendo al interior del intercambiador de calor con una trayectoria que lleva a estasThe existence of conduits that communicate the at least one space contained between the external and internal structure with the interior space of the exchanger, causes the heat-carrying fluid to penetrate them. In doing so, the heat carrier fluid stream tends to disintegrate in a number of streams equal to the number of ducts, increasing its velocity as a result of the decrease in the section, and leaving inside the heat exchanger with a path that leads to these
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corrientes hacia los puntos donde puedan incidir sobre el elemento con el que intercambiar calor.currents to the points where they can influence the element with which to exchange heat.
Un primer aspecto de la invention se refiere a un intercambiador por convection como el descrito, que presenta un espacio entre las estructuras interna y externa con una section decreciente en el sentido de circulation del fluido portador de calor. Ello produce un incremento de velocidad por la disminucion de seccion, que se compensa con la evacuation de fluido portador de calor, que se va produciendo a medida que la corriente que circula por el espacio va penetrando en los conductos que en su trayectoria se va encontrando. De este modo se logra mantener constante la velocidad de fluido portador de conforme este avanza por el interior del intercambiador.A first aspect of the invention relates to a convection exchanger as described, which has a space between the internal and external structures with a decreasing section in the direction of circulation of the heat-carrying fluid. This produces an increase in speed due to the decrease in section, which is compensated by the evacuation of heat-carrying fluid, which is produced as the current flowing through the space penetrates the conduits that are found in its trajectory. . In this way it is possible to keep the carrier fluid speed constant as it advances through the interior of the exchanger.
Segun otro aspecto de la invencion, los conductos que comunican el al menos un espacio comprendido entre la estructura externa y la estructura interna del intercambiador y el espacio interior del intercambiador de calor, podran estar orientados de tal manera que, dirigen las corrientes del fluido portador hacia puntos en los que incide directamente sobre el elemento con el que intercambiar el calor.According to another aspect of the invention, the conduits that communicate the at least one space between the external structure and the internal structure of the exchanger and the interior space of the heat exchanger, may be oriented in such a way that they direct the currents of the carrier fluid towards points where it directly affects the element with which to exchange heat.
Segun otro aspecto de la invencion los conductos que comunican el al menos un espacio comprendido entre la estructura externa y la estructura interna del intercambiador y el espacio interior del intercambiador de calor, podran estar orientados de tal manera que, dirigen las corrientes del fluido portador hacia puntos en los que incide indirectamente sobre el elemento con el que intercambiar el calor. De este modo la geometria interna del intercambiador favorece la formation de corrientes de fluido alrededor del elemento con el que intercambiar calor, aumentando la eficacia del intercambio.According to another aspect of the invention, the conduits that communicate the at least one space between the external structure and the internal structure of the exchanger and the interior space of the heat exchanger, may be oriented in such a way that they direct the currents of the carrier fluid towards points where it indirectly affects the element with which to exchange heat. In this way the internal geometry of the exchanger favors the formation of fluid currents around the element with which to exchange heat, increasing the efficiency of the exchange.
Segun otro aspecto de la invencion, los orificios se distribuiran a lo largo de parte o de la totalidad de la estructura interna del intercambiador de calor, de tal forma que en sus realizaciones preferentes estaran distribuidos de tal modo que la corrientes de fluido portador de calor que salen por los mismos cubran de manera directa o indirecta la mayor superficie posible de dicho elemento.According to another aspect of the invention, the holes will be distributed along part or all of the internal structure of the heat exchanger, such that in their preferred embodiments they will be distributed such that the heat carrier fluid streams coming out of them cover directly or indirectly the largest possible area of said element.
Description de las figurasDescription of the figures
A continuation se pasa a describir una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invencion y que se relacionan expresamente con realizaciones de dicha invencion, que se presentan como ejemplo ilustrativo y no limitativo de esta.A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to embodiments of said invention, which are presented as illustrative and non-limiting example thereof, are described below.
Figura 1. Vista en perspectiva del intercambiador de calor por conveccion en la realization preferente.Figure 1. Perspective view of the heat exchanger by convection in the preferred embodiment.
Figura 2. Vista en seccion vertical del intercambiador de calor por conveccion en la realizacion preferente.Figure 2. Vertical section view of the heat exchanger by convection in the preferred embodiment.
Figura 3. Acoplamiento de un motor Stirling y el intercambiador de calor por conveccion en la realizacion preferente.Figure 3. Coupling of a Stirling motor and convection heat exchanger in the preferred embodiment.
Figura 4. Vista en seccion horizontal del intercambiador de calor por conveccion en la realizacion preferente.Figure 4. Horizontal section view of the heat exchanger by convection in the preferred embodiment.
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Figura 5. Vista ampliada de los canales de union entre el espacio interior y la estructura interior del intercambiador de calor por conveccion en la realization preferente.Figure 5. Enlarged view of the junction channels between the interior space and the internal structure of the heat exchanger by convection in the preferred embodiment.
Figura 6. Vista ampliada de los orificios de salida de los canales de union entre el espacio interior y la estructura interior del intercambiador de calor por conveccion en la realizacion preferente.Figure 6. Enlarged view of the outlet holes of the junction channels between the interior space and the internal structure of the heat exchanger by convection in the preferred embodiment.
Forma preferente de realizacionPreferred form of realization
En una posible realizacion preferente no limitante, el intercambiador de calor (1) ilustrado en la figura 1 esta ideado con la finalidad de transferir calor a un sistema capaz de convertir energia termica aplicada de manera externa en energia mecanica o electrica, y de manera mas concreta un motor Stirling. Las figuras 1, 2, 3 y 4, muestran una estructura externa cerrada bien delimitada (2), una estructura interna (6) que delimita un espacio interno, y una serie de orificios, para la entrada del aire caliente (3), la salida del mismo del intercambiador (5) y el acople con el cabezal o foco caliente de un motor Stirling (4). Las figuras 2 y 4 son ilustrativas de como, en esta realizacion preferente, entre la estructura externa (2) y la estructura interna (6) del intercambiador existe un espacio vado (7), que rodea la estructura interna del intercambiador a lo largo de una section de forma circular.In a possible non-limiting preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger (1) illustrated in Figure 1 is designed for the purpose of transferring heat to a system capable of converting externally applied thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy, and more Concrete a Stirling engine. Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show a well-defined closed external structure (2), an internal structure (6) that delimits an internal space, and a series of holes, for the entry of hot air (3), the Exit of the exchanger (5) and the coupling with the head or hot spot of a Stirling engine (4). Figures 2 and 4 are illustrative of how, in this preferred embodiment, between the external structure (2) and the internal structure (6) of the exchanger there is a blank space (7), which surrounds the internal structure of the exchanger along a section of circular shape.
En esta realizacion preferente, el intercambiador presenta una serie de conductos (8) ilustrados en las figuras 2 y 4, que comunican el espacio entre estructura externa e interna (7) con el espacio interior delimitado por la estructura interna del intercambiador (6). Estos conductos, ilustrados en mayor detalle en la figura 5 tienen forma de canales, de tal modo que por su forma y trayectoria favorecen la penetration en los mismos del fluido portador de calor que circula por el espacio entre la estructura externa e interna (7). Al hacerlo, se generan una serie de corrientes de fluido portador de calor de alta velocidad, que saliendo a traves de unos orificios practicados en la estructura interna del intercambiador de calor (9), ilustrados en mayor detalle en la figura 6, penetran en el espacio interior del intercambiador de calor.In this preferred embodiment, the exchanger has a series of ducts (8) illustrated in Figures 2 and 4, which communicate the space between external and internal structure (7) with the interior space delimited by the internal structure of the exchanger (6). These ducts, illustrated in greater detail in Figure 5, are shaped like channels, so that by their shape and trajectory they favor the penetration into them of the heat-carrying fluid that circulates through the space between the external and internal structure (7) . In doing so, a series of high-speed heat carrier fluid streams are generated, which, through holes made in the internal structure of the heat exchanger (9), illustrated in greater detail in Figure 6, penetrate the interior space of the heat exchanger.
En esta realizacion preferente, el intercambiador de calor (1) esta ideado para recibir una corriente de aire a alta temperatura que se habra generado por el contacto previo de la corriente de aire con una fuente calor tal y como puede ser un tanque almacenador de calor solar como el propuesto en la patente MX2009014123, y transferir el calor a la superficie del cabezal, tambien denominado foco caliente, de un motor Stirling (11). Esta realizacion es ilustrada por la figura 3, en la cual se puede ver como el intercambiador de esta realizacion se acopla al cabezal de un motor Stirling (10) que puede estar provisto de una serie de aletas que favorecen la transferencia de calor. Asi, tanto la estructura externa (2) como interna (6) favorecen este acoplamiento, mediante formas curvas que se cierran alrededor del cabezal al que tienen que calentar.In this preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger (1) is designed to receive a high temperature air stream that would have been generated by the previous contact of the air stream with a heat source such as a heat storage tank. solar as proposed in the patent MX2009014123, and transfer heat to the surface of the head, also called hot spot, of a Stirling engine (11). This embodiment is illustrated by Figure 3, in which it can be seen how the exchanger of this embodiment is coupled to the head of a Stirling engine (10) which may be provided with a series of fins that favor heat transfer. Thus, both the external (2) and internal (6) structure favor this coupling, by means of curved shapes that close around the head to which they have to heat.
En esta realizacion, el cabezal del motor Stirling (11) se inserta en el espacio interno delimitado por la estructura interna (6) del intercambiador, de forma que queda encerrado en ella. La union entre ambos elementos se produce a traves de un junta (12), especialmente ideada para evitar fugas de fluido y calor en dicha union.In this embodiment, the Stirling engine head (11) is inserted into the internal space delimited by the internal structure (6) of the exchanger, so that it is enclosed therein. The union between both elements occurs through a joint (12), specially designed to prevent fluid and heat leaks in said joint.
En la realizacion preferente descrita, durante el funcionamiento del intercambiador, la corriente de aire alta temperatura entra al intercambiador por el orificio de entrada al mismo (3), y circula entonces a traves del espacio interno (7) existente entre la estructuraIn the preferred embodiment described, during the operation of the exchanger, the high temperature air stream enters the exchanger through the inlet opening (3), and then circulates through the internal space (7) existing between the structure
externa (2) y la estructura interna del intercambiador (4). Dicho espacio interno (7) tiene en esta realizacion preferente una geometria toroidal con una seccion decreciente, ideada de tal forma que la velocidad del portador de calor sea aproximadamente uniforme en todos los puntos de dicho espacio. A la vez que el aire caliente va circulando a traves 5 de este espacio (7), va penetrando a su vez en los conductos (8) que comunican el mismo con el espacio interior delimitado por la estructura interna (6), de tal forma que cuando lo hacen las corrientes que circulan a traves de los mismos incrementan su velocidad por la disminucion de la seccion, y salen a alta velocidad por los orificios (9) practicados en la estructura interna (6) del intercambiador. En esta realizacion, estos 10 orificios estan distribuidos a lo largo de una seccion radial de la estructura interna del intercambiador (6), de tal modo que se forman una serie de corrientes que inciden sobre la zona central del espacio interior delimitado por la estructura interna (6) del intercambiador.external (2) and the internal structure of the exchanger (4). Said internal space (7) has in this preferred embodiment a toroidal geometry with a decreasing section, designed such that the speed of the heat carrier is approximately uniform at all points of said space. At the same time that the hot air circulates through this space (7), it penetrates the ducts (8) that communicate the same with the interior space delimited by the internal structure (6), in such a way that when they do the currents that circulate through them increase their speed by the decrease of the section, and leave at high speed through the holes (9) made in the internal structure (6) of the exchanger. In this embodiment, these 10 holes are distributed along a radial section of the internal structure of the exchanger (6), such that a series of currents are formed that affect the central area of the interior space delimited by the internal structure (6) of the exchanger.
15 Por otro lado, en esta realizacion, las corrientes que salen por los orificios (9) colisionan de manera frontal con el cabezal del motor Stirling (11), a lo largo de toda la superficie del mismo, logrando un calentamiento uniforme del cabezal, al asegurarse una velocidad aproximadamente constante en el proceso de intercambio. Una vez el aire caliente impacta sobre el cabezal, y circula en el espacio interno del intercambiador, el mismo 20 sale al exterior del intercambiador por el orificio de salida (5), ya que el resto de orificios estan impedidos, bien por formar un cierre estanco (4), bien por la presion que ejercen las corrientes de aire que salen por los orificios (9). Una vez sale del intercambiador el aire todavia conservara una cantidad de calor razonablemente alta, por lo que podra ser recirculado o aprovechado para aumentar la eficiencia global del sistema.On the other hand, in this embodiment, the currents that exit through the holes (9) collide frontally with the Stirling motor head (11), along the entire surface thereof, achieving uniform head heating, by ensuring an approximately constant speed in the exchange process. Once the hot air hits the head, and circulates in the internal space of the exchanger, the same 20 goes outside the exchanger through the outlet hole (5), since the rest of the holes are impeded, either by forming a closure tight (4), either because of the pressure exerted by the air currents that flow through the holes (9). Once the exchanger leaves the air, it will still retain a reasonably high amount of heat, so it can be recirculated or used to increase the overall efficiency of the system.
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Claims (4)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| ES201400665A ES2584389B1 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2014-08-04 | Convection heat exchanger for conversion of thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy |
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| ES201400665A ES2584389B1 (en) | 2014-08-04 | 2014-08-04 | Convection heat exchanger for conversion of thermal energy into mechanical or electrical energy |
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| ES2584389B1 true ES2584389B1 (en) | 2017-08-11 |
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Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB892962A (en) * | 1957-12-05 | 1962-04-04 | Philips Nv | Improvements in or relating to heat exchangers |
| US6381958B1 (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 2002-05-07 | New Power Concepts Llc | Stirling engine thermal system improvements |
| GB0130380D0 (en) * | 2001-12-19 | 2002-02-06 | Bg Intellectual Pty Ltd | A heat appliance |
| JP2007527480A (en) * | 2003-07-01 | 2007-09-27 | タイアックス エルエルシー | Collision heat exchanger for Stirling cycle machine |
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