ES2544581A1 - Method and apparatus for the detection of distance, speed and direction of objects (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the detection of distance, speed and direction of objects (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2544581A1
ES2544581A1 ES201430123A ES201430123A ES2544581A1 ES 2544581 A1 ES2544581 A1 ES 2544581A1 ES 201430123 A ES201430123 A ES 201430123A ES 201430123 A ES201430123 A ES 201430123A ES 2544581 A1 ES2544581 A1 ES 2544581A1
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speed
distance
detection
translation
objects
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ES2544581B1 (en
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Vicente DÍAZ FUENTE
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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/32Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S13/325Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of coded signals, e.g. P.S.K. signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/10Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
    • G01S13/26Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/02Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
    • G01S15/06Systems determining the position data of a target
    • G01S15/08Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S15/10Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
    • G01S15/102Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves using transmission of pulses having some particular characteristics
    • G01S15/104Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves using transmission of pulses having some particular characteristics wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/02Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
    • G01S15/06Systems determining the position data of a target
    • G01S15/08Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S15/32Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated
    • G01S15/325Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of coded signals, e.g. of phase-shift keyed [PSK] signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/89Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S15/8906Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
    • G01S15/8959Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques using coded signals for correlation purposes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • G01S17/10Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
    • G01S17/26Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency-modulated or phase-modulated carrier wave, e.g. for pulse compression of received signals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/887Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
    • G01S13/888Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons through wall detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G01S13/951Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use ground based
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/02Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
    • G01S15/50Systems of measurement, based on relative movement of the target
    • G01S15/58Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • G01S15/588Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems measuring the velocity vector
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/89Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S15/8906Short-range imaging systems; Acoustic microscope systems using pulse-echo techniques
    • G01S15/8979Combined Doppler and pulse-echo imaging systems
    • G01S15/8984Measuring the velocity vector
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/50Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S17/58Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention to which the present invention relates relates to a method and apparatus for the detection of distance, speed and direction of objects by the emission of electromagnetic (radio or light) or mechanical (ultrasound) coded waves, and detection and decoding of received signals or echoes, to obtain greater sensitivity and resolution than current similar systems. The apparatus consists of eight main blocks: - means of selection of elements or codes. - means of coding of pulses. - modulation and transmission media. - means of reception and demodulation. - means to process the components in phase and quadrature. - means for storage. - electronic process media for the calculation of the module and phase. - electronic process media for the calculation of distance, speed and direction. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

imagen1image 1

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R(i ) c Tmx (i ) (4)2R (i)  c Tmx (i) (4) 2

Donde c es la velocidad de propagación de la onda en el medio donde se transmite. Where c is the speed of propagation of the wave in the medium where it is transmitted.

Las velocidades V(i) de los m ecos se pueden calculan, como en cualquier radar pulsado, como: The V (i) speeds of the m echoes can be calculated, as in any pulsed radar, such as:

c (n)(n T ) c  (n)  (n T) 



V (i )  (5) 4T  f0  V (i)   (5)  4T  f0 

Siento f0 la frecuencia central en la que se transmite la señal. Evidentemente, aunque de manera menos precisa, también se pueden calcular utilizando las diferencias entre las posiciones de los ecos recibidos en dos capturas consecutivas dividido por el tiempo entre medidas T. I feel f0 the center frequency at which the signal is transmitted. Obviously, although less accurately, they can also be calculated using the differences between the positions of the echoes received in two consecutive captures divided by the time between T measurements.

Y las direcciones D(i) de los m ecos se calculan, como el signo de la velocidad, si es positivo, el objetivo se acerca al transductor y si es negativo el objetivo se aleja del transductor. And the directions D (i) of the m echoes are calculated, as the sign of the velocity, if it is positive, the objective approaches the transducer and if it is negative the objective moves away from the transducer.

D(i )Sign V (i ) (6)D (i) Sign V (i) (6)



Es evidente para cualquier conocedor de las técnicas radar, y similares, que el empleo de esta técnica con varios receptores y transmisores simultáneos, o el empleo de técnicas SAR (Small Aperture Radar), puede permitir conocer exactamente los datos de cada objetivo en dos It is evident to any connoisseur of radar techniques, and the like, that the use of this technique with several simultaneous receivers and transmitters, or the use of SAR (Small Aperture Radar) techniques, can allow to know exactly the data of each objective in two

o en tres dimensiones (2D/3D) y reconstruir una imagen de los ecos y su desplazamiento respecto al receptor con el empleo de un sistema de visualización específico. or in three dimensions (2D / 3D) and reconstruct an image of the echoes and their displacement with respect to the receiver with the use of a specific visualization system.

Por parte del inventor no se conoce ninguna anterioridad que incorpore las disposiciones que presenta la actual invención, ni las ventajas que conlleva dicha disposición. On the part of the inventor there is no known priority that incorporates the provisions presented by the present invention, nor the advantages that such provision entails.

BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS DIBUJOS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

En primer lugar relacionamos los elementos que componen los dibujos teniendo en cuenta que idénticas referencias se refieren a idénticos elementos First of all we relate the elements that make up the drawings taking into account that identical references refer to identical elements

FIGURA 1. FIGURE 1.

Muestra el diagrama esquematizado de un sistema actual de detección de distancia, velocidad y dirección basado en RADAR Doppler pulsado. Displays the schematic diagram of a current distance, speed and direction detection system based on pulsed RADAR Doppler.

FIGURA 2. FIGURE 2

Muestra un diagrama esquematizado de un ejemplo de ocultación del eco débil de un avión (B) situado en una posición cercana al eco de alta reflectividad (A) correspondiente a una montaña empleando procedimientos actuales de procesado chirp, donde se observa en la gráfica que sólo el eco A es detectado. It shows a schematic diagram of an example of concealment of the weak echo of an airplane (B) located in a position close to the echo of high reflectivity (A) corresponding to a mountain using current chirp processing procedures, where it is observed in the graph that only Echo A is detected.

FIGURA 3. FIGURE 3

Presenta una comparativa entre el resultado de la detección de un eco de alta reflectividad junto a otro de muy baja reflectividad. La primera basada en chirp enventanado (izquierda), imposible de ser discriminados, y la codificación propuesta en esta invención (derecha), donde se detecta perfectamente el eco atenuado 90dB respecto al principal. It presents a comparison between the result of the detection of an echo of high reflectivity together with another of very low reflectivity. The first one based on poisoned chirp (left), impossible to be discriminated against, and the coding proposed in this invention (right), where the 90dB attenuated echo with respect to the main one is perfectly detected.

7 7

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REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

La invención a la que se refiere la presente memoria trata de un aparato para detección de la distancia, velocidad y dirección de objetos mediante pulsos recibidos que emplea señales electromagnéticas o mecánicas codificadas mediante el método descrito para mejorar la sensibilidad, resolución y robustez de los sistemas de detección actuales. The invention referred to herein is an apparatus for detecting the distance, speed and direction of objects by means of received pulses that employs electromagnetic or mechanical signals encoded by the described method to improve the sensitivity, resolution and robustness of the systems. of current detection.

Para describir la invención de una manera más simple se va a explicar su aplicación para la implementación en un aparato de RADAR que transmite con 1 antena y recibe con 1 antena y donde el número de secuencias que forman parte de un elemento del conjunto de secuencias complementarias ortogonales es N. To describe the invention in a simpler way, its application for implementation in a RADAR device that transmits with 1 antenna and receives with 1 antenna and where the number of sequences that are part of an element of the set of complementary sequences will be explained Orthogonal is N.

En este caso el aparato consta de ocho bloques principales: In this case the device consists of eight main blocks:

-Medios de selección de elementos o códigos(1) -Means of selection of elements or codes (1)

-Medios de codificación de pulsos (2) -Means of pulse coding (2)

-Medios de modulación y transmisión (3), -Media of modulation and transmission (3),

-Medios de recepción y demodulación (4), -Means of reception and demodulation (4),

-Medios para procesar las componentes en fase y cuadratura (5), -Means to process the components in phase and quadrature (5),

-Medios para el almacenamiento (6) -Media for storage (6)

-Medios de proceso electrónico para el cálculo del módulo y fase (7) -Means of electronic process for the calculation of the module and phase (7)

-Medios de proceso electrónico para el cálculo de distancia, velocidad y -Electronic process means for calculating distance, speed and

dirección (8) address (8)

Medios de selección de elementos (1), que pueden estar basados, por ejemplo, en una memoria donde se encuentran almacenados las secuencias a utilizar. Realiza la selección de un elemento del conjunto formado por N secuencias de L valores numéricos cada una. Medios de codificación de pulsos (2), que utilizan los valores almacenados, que pueden estar ordenados en una memoria circular (2) de NxL valores a la que se accede a intervalos de tiempo definidos T y son utilizados para codificar los pulsos a transmitir cíclica y sucesivamente Means for selecting elements (1), which may be based, for example, on a memory where the sequences to be used are stored. It makes the selection of an element of the set formed by N sequences of L numerical values each. Pulse coding means (2), which use the stored values, which can be arranged in a circular memory (2) of NxL values that are accessed at defined time intervals T and are used to encode the pulses to be transmitted cyclic And successively

(11) con los valores de las secuencias almacenada. El proceso es cíclico y continuo porque después de leer la secuencia N se comienza de nuevo a transmitir la secuencia 1 en el siguiente ciclo T y así cíclicamente. (11) with the values of the sequences stored. The process is cyclic and continuous because after reading the sequence N the sequence 1 begins to be transmitted again in the next cycle T and so cyclically.

Medios de modulación y transmisión (3), que realiza la modulación de la señal a frecuencia intermedia (13) y posteriormente la sube a la frecuencia de interés mediante un conversor superior (14) que es amplificada (15) y transmitida mediante un transductor adaptado al medio (16). Modulation and transmission means (3), which modulates the signal at intermediate frequency (13) and subsequently raises it to the frequency of interest by a higher converter (14) that is amplified (15) and transmitted by an adapted transducer to the middle (16).

Medios de recepción y demodulación (4), que recibe la señal (22) mediante un transductor adaptado al medio (21) es bajado a frecuencia intermedia (24) por un conversor coherente inferior (23) y extraídas las componentes en fase (25) y cuadratura (26) en banda base. Receiving and demodulation means (4), which receives the signal (22) by means of a transducer adapted to the medium (21) is lowered to intermediate frequency (24) by a lower coherent converter (23) and the components in phase (25) are extracted and quadrature (26) in baseband.

Medios para procesar las componentes en fase y cuadratura (5), que correlan cíclicamente y simultáneamente las señales recibidas en banda base de cada componente (25 y 26), por las N secuencias almacenadas en memorias circulares en el orden en que se enviaron y de manera cíclica y en los intervalos de tiempo correspondientes síncronamente. Means for processing the components in phase and quadrature (5), which cyclically and simultaneously correlate the signals received in baseband of each component (25 and 26), by the N sequences stored in circular memories in the order in which they were sent and of cyclically and at the corresponding time intervals synchronously.

Medios para el almacenamiento (6), que almacenan los resultados de los N últimas correlaciones cíclicas, de cada componente en fase y cuadratura, en una memoria. Means for storage (6), which store the results of the last N cyclic correlations, of each component in phase and quadrature, in a memory.

Medios de proceso electrónico para el cálculo del módulo y fase (7), que calculan, en cada intervalo T el módulo M como la raíz cuadrada de la suma de los cuadrados de las sumas de las últimas N correlaciones almacenadas en memoria, y calcula la fase como el arcotangente Electronic process means for calculating the module and phase (7), which calculate, in each interval T the module M as the square root of the sum of the squares of the sums of the last N correlations stored in memory, and calculates the phase as the arc tangent

9 9

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Claims (1)

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ES201430123A 2014-01-31 2014-01-31 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE DETECTION OF DISTANCE, SPEED AND DIRECTION OF OBJECTS Expired - Fee Related ES2544581B1 (en)

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PCT/ES2015/070049 WO2015114190A1 (en) 2014-01-31 2015-01-26 Method and device for detecting distance, speed and direction of objects

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Cited By (1)

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CN113325382A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-08-31 北京理工大学重庆创新中心 DDMA MIMO radar speed ambiguity resolution method based on global optimization phase modulation

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CN110427630B (en) * 2019-06-10 2023-10-13 北京捷通华声科技股份有限公司 Machine translation method, device, electronic equipment, storage medium and translation model

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CN113325382A (en) * 2021-05-26 2021-08-31 北京理工大学重庆创新中心 DDMA MIMO radar speed ambiguity resolution method based on global optimization phase modulation
CN113325382B (en) * 2021-05-26 2024-04-16 北京理工大学重庆创新中心 DDMA MIMO radar speed disambiguation method based on global optimization phase modulation

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