ES2540167B2 - SYSTEM WITHOUT MOBILE OR ELECTRODE PARTS AND PROCEDURE TO VECTORIZE THE PUSHING IN PLASMA SPACE ENGINES - Google Patents
SYSTEM WITHOUT MOBILE OR ELECTRODE PARTS AND PROCEDURE TO VECTORIZE THE PUSHING IN PLASMA SPACE ENGINES Download PDFInfo
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- ES2540167B2 ES2540167B2 ES201331790A ES201331790A ES2540167B2 ES 2540167 B2 ES2540167 B2 ES 2540167B2 ES 201331790 A ES201331790 A ES 201331790A ES 201331790 A ES201331790 A ES 201331790A ES 2540167 B2 ES2540167 B2 ES 2540167B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H—PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03H1/00—Using plasma to produce a reactive propulsive thrust
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Abstract
Sistema sin partes móviles ni electrodos para obtener capacidad de empuje vectorial en motores espaciales de plasma con campo magnético esencialmente axial o carentes de campo magnético aplicado, más procedimiento de operación asociado. El sistema comprende tres o más bobinas conductoras no alineadas (1) que se sitúan a la salida del motor coaxialmente con el mismo, alimentadas eléctricamente con corriente continua de forma independiente, capaces de generar una tobera magnética (6) que guía la expansión del plasma y opcionalmente lo deflecta lateralmente. El procedimiento de operación comprende la elección de la corriente eléctrica en cada bobina para cambiar a voluntad la dirección de la tobera magnética y por tanto del chorro de plasma eyectado y el vector empuje dentro de un amplio rango angular.System without moving parts or electrodes to obtain vector thrust capacity in plasma space motors with essentially axial magnetic field or lacking applied magnetic field, plus associated operating procedure. The system comprises three or more non-aligned conductive coils (1) that are located at the output of the motor coaxially with it, electrically fed with direct current independently, capable of generating a magnetic nozzle (6) that guides the plasma expansion and optionally deflects it laterally. The operation procedure comprises the choice of electric current in each coil to change at will the direction of the magnetic nozzle and therefore of the ejected plasma jet and the thrust vector within a wide angular range.
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
SISTEMA SIN PARTES MOVILES NI ELECTRODOS Y PROCEDIMIENTO PARA VECTORIZAR EL EMPUJE EN MOTORES ESPACIALES DE PLASMASYSTEM WITHOUT MOBILE OR ELECTRODE PARTS AND PROCEDURE TO VECTORIZE THE PUSHING IN PLASMA SPACE ENGINES
Sector tecnicoTechnical sector
La presente invencion se enmarca en el sector de la ingenieria aeroespacial, dentro de los sistemas de propulsion espacial primaria o secundaria para vedculos espaciales y satelites. En concreto, la invencion se encuadra dentro de los sistemas y procedimientos de control del vector de empuje de motores espaciales de plasmas (propulsion electrica).The present invention is part of the aerospace engineering sector, within the primary or secondary space propulsion systems for space vehicles and satellites. Specifically, the invention falls within the systems and procedures for controlling the thrust vector of plasma space motors (electric propulsion).
Antecedentes de la invencionBackground of the invention
Los motores espaciales de plasma permiten obtener un impulso espedfico unas 10 veces mayor que los sistemas de propulsion qdmicos tradicionales. Gracias al mayor impulso espedfico, los motores de plasma llevan asociada una reduccion de consumo de combustible, y por ende, de los costes totales de la mision. Los motores de plasma pueden clasificarse segun posean un campo magnetico aplicado esencialmente axial, esencialmente radial, o carezcan de campo aplicado.Plasma space motors allow a specific impulse to be obtained about 10 times greater than traditional chemical propulsion systems. Thanks to the greater specific momentum, plasma engines are associated with a reduction in fuel consumption, and therefore, in the total costs of the mission. Plasma motors can be classified as having an essentially axial, essentially radial applied magnetic field, or lack an applied field.
En un vedculo espacial o satelite, la existencia de defectos iniciales de fabricacion y tolerancias mecanicas en su construccion produce desalineamientos entre su centro de masas y la lmea de accion del vector empuje del sistema de propulsion. Esto haceque el centro de masas no este dentro de la lmea de accion del vector empuje. Cuando esto sucede, el empleo del sistema de propulsion genera un par de fuerzas sobre el vedculo/satelite, que lo pone en rotacion. La situacion puede agravarse sustancialmente a lo largo de la vida util del mismo, a medida que el consumo de propulsante haga que se desplace su centro de masas, aumentando asi el desalineamiento.In a space or satellite vehicle, the existence of initial manufacturing defects and mechanical tolerances in its construction produces misalignments between its center of mass and the line of action of the thrust vector of the propulsion system. This makes the center of mass not within the line of action of the thrust vector. When this happens, the use of the propulsion system generates a couple of forces on the vehicle / satellite, which puts it in rotation. The situation can be aggravated substantially throughout its useful life, as the consumption of propellant causes its center of mass to move, thus increasing the misalignment.
El par de fuerzas secular que producen estos desalineamientos constituye un serio problema tecnologico en la propulsion espacial. A modo de solucion, actualmente se emplean los sistemas de control de actitud del satelite para contrarrestar la perturbacion. No obstante, el par de fuerzas secular eventualmente causa la indeseable saturacion de los sistemas de control de actitud. Cuando mantener la orientacion del satelite durante la etapa propulsiva no es importante, tambien se resuelve este problema proporcionando unaThe pair of secular forces that produce these misalignments constitutes a serious technological problem in space propulsion. As a solution, satellite attitude control systems are currently used to counteract the disturbance. However, the pair of secular forces eventually causes the undesirable saturation of attitude control systems. When maintaining the orientation of the satellite during the propulsive stage is not important, this problem is also resolved by providing a
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rotacion (spin) al satelite a lo largo del eje de propulsion con el objeto de modular angularmente el par de fuerzas producido y conseguir cancelar en promedio su accion sobre la actitud del satelite.rotation (spin) to the satellite along the propulsion axis in order to angularly modulate the pair of forces produced and to cancel on average its action on the attitude of the satellite.
Una solucion mucho mas atractiva consiste en controlar la direction del vector de empuje para corregir el desalineamiento, de forma que no sea necesario emplear el sistema de control de actitud ni poner en rotacion el satelite. Dicho control del vectorde empuje constituye una capacidad muy deseable (o incluso imprescindible) en los sistemas de propulsion espacial. Se estima que una deflexion del vector de empuje de 5-8 grados seria mas que suficiente para mantener el empuje alineado a lo largo de la vida util del vehiculo, evitando maniobras de de-saturation y periodos no operativos. Adicionalmente, la capacidad de empuje vectorial aporta una gran flexibilidad propulsiva a la plataforma. Por ejemplo, permite reducir la saturation de los sistemas de control de actitud en dos ejes de forma sencilla durante las etapas propulsivas de la mision.A much more attractive solution is to control the direction of the thrust vector to correct the misalignment, so that it is not necessary to use the attitude control system or rotate the satellite. Such control of the thrust vector constitutes a very desirable (or even essential) capacity in space propulsion systems. It is estimated that a deflection of the thrust vector of 5-8 degrees would be more than enough to keep the thrust aligned throughout the life of the vehicle, avoiding de-saturation maneuvers and non-operational periods. Additionally, the capacity of vector thrust provides a great propulsive flexibility to the platform. For example, it allows you to reduce the saturation of attitude control systems on two axes easily during the propulsive stages of the mission.
En la Tecnica Previa existen varios sistemas y/o procedimientos para obtener cierto control del vector de empuje en motores espaciales de plasma. El sistema mas extendido y utilizado en la actualidad consiste en montar el motor sobre una plataforma con cardanes (gimbals), que permita reorientarlo dentro de un rango angular limitado (e.g. Patente EP0937644). Una idea similar, aunque de mayor complejidad, consiste en montar el motor sobre un brazo robotico orientable (Patente US 6565043). Estos sistemas mecanicos poseen partes moviles, por lo que son pesados, complejos, y con altas probabilidades de fallo.In the Prior Art there are several systems and / or procedures to obtain some control of the thrust vector in plasma space motors. The most widespread and currently used system is to mount the engine on a platform with gimbals, which allows it to be redirected within a limited angular range (e.g. Patent EP0937644). A similar idea, although of greater complexity, is to mount the motor on an adjustable robotic arm (US Patent 6565043). These mechanical systems have moving parts, so they are heavy, complex, and have a high probability of failure.
En motores ionicos de rejillas, en los que los iones del plasma del motor son acelerados a traves de una diferencia de potencial generada entre diversas rejillas conductoras, se ha explorado laposibilidad de desplazar lateralmente o angularmente las rejillas del motor mediante un sistema movil para desviar lateralmente el chorro de plasma resultante y obtener empuje vectorial (EP0468706A2). No obstante, el dispositivo es complejo, proporciona una direccionalidad de empuje reducida, y destruye el delicado alineamiento entre rejillas en estos motores, lo cual puede disminuir notablemente la vida util de las mismas al incrementarse el bombardeo de iones.In ionic grid motors, in which the engine plasma ions are accelerated through a potential difference generated between various conductive grids, the possibility of laterally or angularly displacing the motor gratings has been explored by means of a mobile system to laterally deflect The resulting plasma jet and get vector thrust (EP0468706A2). However, the device is complex, provides a reduced thrust directionality, and destroys the delicate alignment between grilles in these engines, which can significantly reduce their useful life as ion bombardment increases.
En el afan de eliminar las problematicas partes moviles, otras alternativas existentes se basan en la utilization de una agrupacion (cluster) de motores de plasma semejantes montados en un plano, y opcionalmente cada uno de ellos apuntando en una direccionIn order to eliminate the problematic moving parts, other existing alternatives are based on the use of a cluster of similar plasma motors mounted on a plane, and optionally each of them pointing in one direction.
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ligeramente distinta (Patente US6279314). Esto requiere un mmimo de tres motores para poder vectorizar el empuje en todas las direcciones, con el consecuente aumento de la complejidad y peso del sistema.slightly different (US 6279314). This requires a minimum of three motors to be able to vectorize the thrust in all directions, with the consequent increase in the complexity and weight of the system.
Asimismo, se ha considerado la posibilidad de situar placas de electrodos a la salida del motor, perpendiculares al chorro de plasma, capaces de ejercer un campo electrico que lo deflecte (Patente US4277939). No obstante, aparte de la complejidad anadida, los electrodos estan sometidos al constante bombardeo de iones, lo que limita su vida util, y los campos electricos generados tienden a concentrarse en una capa delgada en el bordedel plasma, lo que limita considerablemente su capacidad para deflectar el grueso del chorro.Likewise, the possibility of placing electrode plates at the motor outlet, perpendicular to the plasma jet, capable of exerting an electric field that deflects it (US4277939) has been considered. However, apart from the added complexity, the electrodes are subjected to constant ion bombardment, which limits their useful life, and the generated electric fields tend to concentrate in a thin layer on the edge of the plasma, which considerably limits their ability to deflect the thickness of the jet.
Por otra parte, los plasmas reaccionan ante campos magneticos externos, modificando su movimiento. En concreto, un campo magnetico axilsimetrico divergente, suficientemente intenso como para magnetizar el plasma, es capaz de guiar la expansion de un plasma caliente al vado, generando una “tobera magnetica” (Ahedo y Merino, Phys. Plasmas 17, 073501, 2010). El plasma sufre una transicion sonica en torno a la seccion de maximo estrechamiento magnetico, y posteriormente se expande supersonicamente, acelerandose y produciendo asi un mayor empuje, de forma similar a como se expande un gas en una tobera de Laval solida. Este fenomeno ha sido extensamente comprobado experimentalmente (Andersen et al, Phys. Fluids 12, 557, 1969), y constituye el fundamento de varios motores espaciales de plasma, como el motor de fuente helicon, el motor Magnetoplasmadinamico de campo aplicado, y el motor VASIMR. No obstante, las toberas magneticas existentes en estos motores son estaticas y no permiten el control vectorial de empuje.On the other hand, plasmas react to external magnetic fields, modifying their movement. Specifically, a divergent axilsimetric magnetic field, intense enough to magnetize the plasma, is capable of guiding the expansion of a hot plasma to the ford, generating a “magnetic nozzle” (Ahedo and Merino, Phys. Plasmas 17, 073501, 2010) . The plasma undergoes a sonic transition around the section of maximum magnetic narrowing, and subsequently expands itself, accelerating and thus producing greater thrust, similar to how a gas expands in a solid Laval nozzle. This phenomenon has been extensively proven experimentally (Andersen et al., Phys. Fluids 12, 557, 1969), and constitutes the foundation of several plasma space motors, such as the helicon source motor, the applied field magnetoplasmic dynamic motor, and the motor VASIMR. However, the existing magnetic nozzles in these motors are static and do not allow vector thrust control.
Recientemente, se estan explorando distintas formas de obtener capacidad de vectorizar el empuje en algunos motores de plasma particulares mediante deflexion magnetica. Un ejemplo son losmotores de efecto Hall (los cuales no poseen tobera magnetica), en los que existe un campo magnetico esencialmente radial. Para estos motores en particular se ha propuesto variar el campo magnetico radial del motor, rompiendo la axilsimetria del mismo (WO2011/151636A1). No obstante, romper la axilsimetria del campo magnetico en este motor reduce la capacidad del campo magnetico para confinar electrones, los cuales adquieren la capacidad de desplazarse facilmente en sentido axial y contra las paredes del motor, reduciendo notablemente la eficiencia del motor.Recently, different ways of obtaining the ability to vectorize the thrust in some particular plasma motors by magnetic deflection are being explored. An example is the Hall effect motors (which do not have a magnetic nozzle), in which there is an essentially radial magnetic field. For these particular motors it has been proposed to vary the radial magnetic field of the engine, breaking the axilsymmetry of the engine (WO2011 / 151636A1). However, breaking the axilsymmetry of the magnetic field in this motor reduces the ability of the magnetic field to confine electrons, which acquire the ability to easily move axially and against the motor walls, significantly reducing the efficiency of the motor.
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Asimismo, en motores de tipo helicon, se ha propuesto montar un solenoide perpendicular a la fuente de plasma y posicionado en un lateral de la misma, a cierta distancia, para generar campos magneticos radiales que modifiquen la direccion de la tobera magnetica del motor (Cox et al., IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL. 39, NO. 11, pag. 2460, 2011). No obstante, la configuration propuesta en ese caso modifica mas el campo magnetico interno del motor que la tobera magnetica del mismo, danando la eficiencia de la fuente de plasma, y supone un alto peso adicional en un motor, pues al encontrarse el solenoide alejado del flujo de plasma, es necesario un fuerte campo magnetico (y por tanto, un solenoide pesado) para actuar sobre el campo magnetico ya existente del propio motor.Likewise, in helicon type motors, it has been proposed to mount a solenoid perpendicular to the plasma source and positioned on one side of it, at a certain distance, to generate radial magnetic fields that modify the direction of the motor's magnetic nozzle (Cox et al., IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, VOL. 39, NO. 11, page 2460, 2011). However, the configuration proposed in that case modifies the internal magnetic field of the motor more than the magnetic nozzle of the motor, damaging the efficiency of the plasma source, and supposes a high additional weight in an engine, because when the solenoid is located away from the Plasma flow, a strong magnetic field (and therefore a heavy solenoid) is necessary to act on the already existing magnetic field of the motor itself.
En resumen, para superar las limitaciones de estos procedimientos es necesario un sistema sencillo, eficaz y sin partes moviles o electrodos en contacto con el plasma que posibilite el control vectorial del empuje en motores de plasma con campo magnetico esencialmente axial o sin campo magnetico aplicado, en al menos unos 10 grados.In summary, to overcome the limitations of these procedures, a simple, efficient system with no moving parts or electrodes in contact with the plasma is necessary to enable vector control of the thrust in plasma motors with essentially axial magnetic field or without applied magnetic field, at least about 10 degrees.
Description de la inventionDescription of the invention
La invencion se refiere a un sistema sin partes moviles ni electrodos en contacto con el plasma y procedimiento para vectorizar el empuje en motores espaciales de plasma con campo magnetico esencialmente axial o sin campo magnetico aplicado mediante la generation de una tobera magnetica dirigible a voluntad para obtener capacidad de empuje vectorial en todas las direcciones dentro de un amplio espacio angular de acuerdo con la revindication 1 y 3. Realizaciones preferidas del sistema y del procedimiento se definen en las reivindicaciones dependientes.The invention relates to a system without moving parts or electrodes in contact with the plasma and method for vectoring the thrust in plasma space motors with essentially axial magnetic field or without magnetic field applied by generating a magnetic nozzle directed at will to obtain vector thrust capacity in all directions within a wide angular space according to revindication 1 and 3. Preferred embodiments of the system and procedure are defined in the dependent claims.
Al no poseer partes moviles ni electrodos susceptibles de ser atacados directamente por el plasma, y gracias a que actua principalmente sobre el chorro a la salida del motor, el sistema no aumenta la complejidad del sistema sustancialmente nidisminuye la vida util del motor.As it does not have moving parts or electrodes that can be directly attacked by plasma, and thanks to the fact that it acts mainly on the jet at the motor's exit, the system does not increase the complexity of the system substantially decreases the useful life of the motor.
En motores espaciales de plasma con campo aplicado esencialmente axial, el sistema puede sustituir a parte del sistema generador de campo magnetico para aportar la capacidad de empuje vectorial, por lo que practicamente no anade peso ni complejidad adicional. Esto cubre buena parte de motores espaciales de plasma existentes o en desarrollo, incluyendo los motores helicon, los motores magnetoplasmadinamicos (MPD) deIn plasma space motors with essentially axial applied field, the system can substitute part of the magnetic field generator system to provide vector thrust capacity, so it practically does not add additional weight or complexity. This covers a good part of existing or developing plasma space engines, including helicon engines, magnetoplasmadinamic (MPD) engines.
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campo aplicado, el motor VASIMR, los motores de efecto Hall cilmdricos, los motores HEMP, y los motores de efecto Hall con cuspides magneticas.applied field, VASIMR engine, cylindrical Hall effect motors, HEMP engines, and Hall effect engines with magnetic cuspids.
En motores carentes de campo magnetico aplicado, el sistema puede acoplarse de forma sencilla a la salida del motor, proporcionando la capacidad de empuje vectorial con un mmimo coste adicional, esencialmente sin modificar el funcionamiento interno del mismo. Esto atane a motores como el motor ionico de rejillas (en todas sus subclases) y el motor MPD de campo propio.In motors devoid of applied magnetic field, the system can be easily coupled to the motor's output, providing vector thrust capacity with an additional minimal cost, essentially without modifying its internal operation. This concerns engines such as the ionic grid motor (in all its subclasses) and the MPD motor of its own field.
Fisicamente, la invencion comprende un generador de campo magnetico dirigible capaz de acelerar, guiar y opcionalmente deflectar magneticamente chorros de plasma. El sistema (FIGURA 1) comprende n> 2 bobinas (1) de material conductor, por las cuales se hacen circular distintas corrientes electricas. Las bobinas estan entrelazadas entre si y dispuestas de forma simetrica respecto al centro del sistema (0), y orientadas de manera que el vector director (2) del eje de cada bobina forme un angulo a con el eje de referencia del sistemaPhysically, the invention comprises an airship magnetic field generator capable of accelerating, guiding and optionally magnetically deflecting plasma jets. The system (FIGURE 1) comprises n> 2 coils (1) of conductive material, through which different electric currents are circulated. The coils are interwoven with each other and arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the system (0), and oriented so that the leading vector (2) of the axis of each coil forms an angle a with the system reference axis
(3). Los vectores directores (2) de los ejes de las bobinas forman entre si dos a dos un mismo angulo ft = 2arcsin[sin(a)sin(n/n)] (es decir, los ejes de las bobinas estan angularmente equiespaciados en la direccion azimutal, i.e., en el plano XY). Cada bobina posee un sistema de alimentacion (4) que controla de forma independiente la corriente que circula por ella. La invencion se situa en el plano de salida de la fuente de plasma del motor o en un plano cercano al mismo, con el eje de referencia (3) coincidente con el eje de la fuente de plasma.(3). The leading vectors (2) of the axes of the coils form two to two at the same angle ft = 2arcsin [without (a) without (n / n)] (that is, the axes of the coils are angularly spaced in the azimuthal direction, ie, in the XY plane). Each coil has a supply system (4) that independently controls the current flowing through it. The invention is located in the output plane of the motor plasma source or in a plane close to it, with the reference axis (3) coinciding with the axis of the plasma source.
El procedimiento de operacion es el siguiente: al hacer circular corrientes electricas por las bobinas, se genera un campo magnetico cuyos tubos de lmeas magneticas conforman una tobera magnetica convergente-divergente. La corriente media que se hace circular por las bobinas genera un campo magnetico aplicado capaz de magnetizar, confinar y guiar la expansion del plasma del motor.The operation procedure is as follows: by circulating electric currents through the coils, a magnetic field is generated whose magnetic line tubes form a convergent-divergent magnetic nozzle. The average current that is circulated through the coils generates an applied magnetic field capable of magnetizing, confining and guiding the expansion of the motor plasma.
Si el numero de amperios-vuelta en cada bobina es igual en magnitud y sentido, el campo magnetico generado es esencialmente axilsimetrico (FIGURA 2), con el eje dirigido en la direccion del eje de referencia (3). Los tubos magneticos (6) que parten de una circunferencia (5) centrada en el centro del sistema (0) y cuyo eje es paralelo al eje del sistema (3) son por tanto esencialmente axilsimetricos, y la tobera magnetica divergente resultante acelera y guia el plasma, pero no lo deflecta lateralmente. La lmea magnetica central (7), que pasa por el origen del sistema (0), no sufre deflexion.If the number of amp-turns in each coil is equal in magnitude and direction, the generated magnetic field is essentially axilsimetric (FIGURE 2), with the axis directed in the direction of the reference axis (3). The magnetic tubes (6) that start from a circumference (5) centered in the center of the system (0) and whose axis is parallel to the axis of the system (3) are therefore essentially axilsimetric, and the resulting divergent magnetic nozzle accelerates and guides the plasma, but it does not deflect it laterally. The central magnetic line (7), which passes through the origin of the system (0), does not suffer deflection.
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Si se modifican de forma diferencial los amperios-vuelta que circulan por cada bobina, el campo magnetico generado deja de ser axilsimetrico (FIGURA 3). Ahora, los tubos de campo magnetico (6) estan deflectados lateralmente, y la tobera magnetica acelera, gwa y tambien deflecta el chorro de plasma lateralmente un cierto angulo de forma controlada. La direccion y angulo de la deflexion magnetica producida, definido como el angulo formado en el infinito entre el eje del sistema (3) y la lmea magnetica (7) que pasa por el origen del sistema (0), puede controlarse variando la intensidad que circula por cada bobina. El angulo de deflexion magnetica maximo no esta limitado por el angulo a de las bobinas conductoras, y de hecho puede ser superior al anguloa, haciendo circular por alguna de las bobinas conductoras corrientes en sentido contrario al del resto de las bobinas.El angulo de deflexion magnetica puede elegirse de modo que sea igual a, proporcional a, o una funcion no lineal del angulo dedeflexion deseado del vector empuje F.If the amp-turns that circulate through each coil are differentially modified, the generated magnetic field ceases to be axylsimetric (FIGURE 3). Now, the magnetic field tubes (6) are laterally deflected, and the magnetic nozzle accelerates, gwa and also laterally deflects the plasma jet at a certain angle in a controlled manner. The direction and angle of the magnetic deflection produced, defined as the angle formed at infinity between the axis of the system (3) and the magnetic line (7) that passes through the origin of the system (0), can be controlled by varying the intensity that circulates through each coil. The angle of maximum magnetic deflection is not limited by the angle a of the conducting coils, and in fact it may be greater than the angle, circulating through one of the current conducting coils in the opposite direction to the rest of the coils. Magnetic can be chosen to be equal to, proportional to, or a nonlinear function of the desired deflection angle of the thrust vector F.
Breve descripcion de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
Para complementar la descripcion que se esta realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprension de las caracteristicas de la invencion, se acompana como parte integrante de dicha descripcion un conjunto de dibujos. En dichos dibujos, se han utilizado las siguientes referencias:To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, a set of drawings is accompanied as an integral part of said description. In these drawings, the following references have been used:
(0) : Origen del sistema.(0): Origin of the system.
(1) : Bobinas conductoras. Cada bobina se referencia con un segundo mdice: (1.1), (1.2), (1.3), etc.(1): Conductive coils. Each coil is referenced with a second index: (1.1), (1.2), (1.3), etc.
(2) : Vectores directores de los ejes de las bobinas. Cada vector director se referencia con un segundo mdice, coincidente con el mdice de la bobina correspondiente: (2.1), (2.2), (2.3), etc.(2): Vector directors of the axes of the coils. Each master vector is referenced with a second index, coinciding with the corresponding coil index: (2.1), (2.2), (2.3), etc.
(3) : Eje de referencia del sistema.(3): System reference axis.
(4) : Sistema de alimentacion propio de cada bobina. Cada sistema de alimentacion se referencia con un segundo mdice, coincidente con el mdice de la bobina correspondiente: (4.1), (4.2), (4.3), etc.(4): Own feeding system of each coil. Each feeding system is referenced with a second index, coinciding with the corresponding coil index: (4.1), (4.2), (4.3), etc.
(5) : Circunferencia centrada en (0) contenida en un plano perpendicular a (3) y de radio igual al radio del chorro de plasma saliente del motor.(5): Circumference centered on (0) contained in a plane perpendicular to (3) and with a radius equal to the radius of the outgoing plasma jet of the engine.
(6) : Tubo magnetico que pasa por la circunferencia (5).(6): Magnetic tube that passes through the circumference (5).
(7) : Lmea magnetica que parte del origen del sistema (0).(7): Magnetic line that starts from the origin of the system (0).
(8) : Carrete circular.(8): Circular reel.
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(XYZ): Triedro a derechas centrado en el origen del sistema (0),con el eje (Z) coincidente con el eje de referencia del sistema (3) y el eje (X) elegido de forma que el vector director del eje de la primera bobina (1.1) quede contenido en el plano (YZ).(XYZ): Triedro right centered on the origin of the system (0), with the axis (Z) coinciding with the reference axis of the system (3) and the axis (X) chosen so that the leading vector of the axis of the first coil (1.1) is contained in the plane (YZ).
En dichos dibujos, con caracter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:In these drawings, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
La FIGURA 1 muestra una vista esquematica de los elementos fundamentals del sistema, para una particularizacion del sistema con n = 3 bobinas conductoras (1) y a = 10 grados.FIGURE 1 shows a schematic view of the fundamental elements of the system, for a particularization of the system with n = 3 conductive coils (1) and a = 10 degrees.
La FIGURA 2 muestra el campo magnetico (calculado) generado por una particularizacion del sistema con n = 3 bobinas (1) y a = 10 grados, cuando la corriente que circula por cada bobina es identica en direccion y sentido a las demas.FIGURE 2 shows the magnetic field (calculated) generated by a particularization of the system with n = 3 coils (1) and a = 10 degrees, when the current flowing through each coil is identical in direction and direction to the others.
La FIGURA 3 muestra el campo magnetico (calculado) generado por la misma particularizacion que en la FIGURA 2, pero cuando la corriente que circula por cada bobina esta en proporcion 0:0:1 para las bobinas (1.1), (1.2), y (1.3) respectivamente.FIGURE 3 shows the magnetic field (calculated) generated by the same particularization as in FIGURE 2, but when the current flowing through each coil is in proportion 0: 0: 1 for the coils (1.1), (1.2), and (1.3) respectively.
La FIGURA 4 muestra, en forma de grafica polar, las deflexiones de la lmea magnetica central (7) que parte del origen del sistema (0) obtenidas aguas abajo, ante diversas proporciones de la corriente que circula por las tres bobinas (1.1), (1.2) y (1.3) de la particularizacion del sistema de las FIGURAS 1, 2 y 3. Se muestran como puntos los distintos casos, anotados con la proporcion [a:b:c] de las corrientes por cada una de las tres bobinas, respectivamente. El angulo polar de la grafica es el angulo que la lmea magnetica (7) forma con el eje X (azimut), y el radio de la grafica es el angulo de deflexion en el infinito de la lmea magnetica (7) (i.e., el angulo formado con el eje de referencia del sistema (3)). Las circunferencias a trazos de la grafica indican valores constantes de este ultimo angulo. El triangulo a trazos delimita el espacio de deflexiones accesibles sin corrientes negativas por las bobinas.FIGURE 4 shows, in the form of a polar graph, the deflections of the central magnetic line (7) that starts from the origin of the system (0) obtained downstream, given various proportions of the current flowing through the three coils (1.1), (1.2) and (1.3) of the particularization of the system of FIGURES 1, 2 and 3. The different cases are shown as points, noted with the proportion [a: b: c] of the currents for each of the three coils respectively. The polar angle of the graph is the angle that the magnetic line (7) forms with the X axis (azimuth), and the radius of the graph is the angle of deflection at the infinity of the magnetic line (7) (ie, the angle formed with the reference axis of the system (3)). Stroke circumferences of the graph indicate constant values of this last angle. The dashed triangle delimits the space of deflections accessible without negative currents by the coils.
La FIGURA 5 muestra de forma esquematica una realizacion del sistema con n = 3 bobinas conductoras circulares y a = 10 grados.FIGURE 5 schematically shows an embodiment of the system with n = 3 circular conductive coils and a = 10 degrees.
La FIGURA 6 muestra de forma esquematica una realizacion del sistema con n = 3 bobinas elipticas apoyadas sobre un carrete circular y a = 15 grados.FIGURE 6 schematically shows an embodiment of the system with n = 3 elliptical coils resting on a circular reel and a = 15 degrees.
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La FIGURA 7 muestra de forma esquematica una posible forma de entretejer las distintas espiras de las bobinas (1) en la realization mostrada en la FIGURA 6. Para facilitar la visualization solo se muestran unas pocas espiras de cada bobina.FIGURE 7 schematically shows a possible way of interweaving the different turns of the coils (1) in the embodiment shown in FIGURE 6. To facilitate visualization only a few turns of each coil are shown.
Description detallada de la inventionDetailed description of the invention
La siguiente descripcion detallada ilustra varios modos de realizacion de la invencion. Esta descripcion no debe tomarse en sentido limitante, si no que trata de ilustrar los principios generales de la invencion. En concreto, se obtienen resultados similares variando el numero de bobinas utilizadas, siempre que el numero n de las mismas sea 3 o mas, variando la geometria de las espiras (circulares o elipticas), o variando la forma en que estas son entrelazadas y fijadas.The following detailed description illustrates various embodiments of the invention. This description should not be taken in a limiting sense, but that it tries to illustrate the general principles of the invention. Specifically, similar results are obtained by varying the number of coils used, provided that the number n of them is 3 or more, varying the geometry of the turns (circular or elliptical), or by varying the way in which these are interwoven and fixed .
Una posible realizacion del sistema comprende tres (n = 3) bobinas conductoras (1) circulares rigidas, todas ellas de un mismo radio RL (mayor que el radio interno de la fuente de plasma del motor), espesor tL y ancho wL, con RL » tL,wL, entrelazadas entre si como muestra la FIGURA 5. Las bobinas estan dispuestas de forma que dejen libre esencialmente la mayor circunferencia posible en su interior. Los centros de las bobinas no coinciden con el centro del sistema (0), siendo la separation aproximadamente igual a tL. Los vectores directores unitarios at (2) del eje de cada bobina i(1) forman un angulo a < arctan(wL/RL) con elvector director unitario z del eje de referencia del sistema (3), y un mismo angulo P = 2arcsin[sin(a)sin(n/n)] dos a dos.A possible embodiment of the system comprises three (n = 3) rigid circular conductive coils (1), all of them of the same radius RL (greater than the internal radius of the motor plasma source), thickness tL and width wL, with RL »TL, wL, interwoven as shown in FIGURE 5. The coils are arranged so as to essentially free the largest possible circumference inside. The centers of the coils do not coincide with the center of the system (0), the separation being approximately equal to tL. The unit director vectors at (2) of the axis of each coil i (1) form an angle a <arctan (wL / RL) with the unit director vector z of the system reference axis (3), and the same angle P = 2arcsin [without (without) without (n / n)] two to two.
Una segunda posible realizacion del sistema comprende tres bobinas conductoras (1) ligeramente elipticas arrolladas sobre un carrete cilmdrico (8) de radio Rc (mayor que el radio interno de la fuente de plasma del motor) y ancho wc. El hilo (conductor y forrado de material aislante) de cada bobina esta arrollado elipticamente sobre el carrete, dejando una separacion angular 2 n/n entre cada bobina, tal y como muestra la figura FIGURA 6. En los puntos de encuentro entre dos bobinas sobre el carrete, el hilo de una de ellas pasa por encima del de la otra, por ejemplo como muestra la FIGURA 7. Los centros de cada bobina coinciden con el centro del sistema (0). Los vectores directores unitarios at (2) del eje de cada bobina i(1) forman un angulo a ^ arctan(wc/Rc) con elvector director unitario z del eje de referencia del sistema (3), y un mismo angulo ft = 2arcsin[sin(a)sin(n/n)] dos a dos.A second possible embodiment of the system comprises three slightly elliptical conductive coils (1) wound on a cylindrical reel (8) of radius Rc (greater than the internal radius of the motor plasma source) and width wc. The thread (conductor and lined with insulating material) of each coil is elliptically wound on the spool, leaving an angular separation 2 n / n between each coil, as shown in FIGURE 6. At the meeting points between two coils on the spool, the thread of one of them passes over that of the other, for example as shown in FIGURE 7. The centers of each coil coincide with the center of the system (0). The unit director vectors at (2) of the axis of each coil i (1) form an angle a ^ arctan (wc / Rc) with the unit director vector z of the system reference axis (3), and the same angle ft = 2arcsin [without (without) without (n / n)] two to two.
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Una tercera variante de realization de la invention comprende la version eKptica de las bobinas descrita en la realizacion anterior, pero con bobinas fijadas en la position descrita, y eliminando el carrete de soporte (8).A third embodiment of the invention comprises the eKptical version of the coils described in the previous embodiment, but with coils fixed in the position described, and eliminating the support reel (8).
En las tres realizaciones descritas, el sistema se situa y fija a la salida del motor, coaxialmente con el mismo, ylas bobinas estan conectadas electricamente a una fuente de alimentation de corriente electrica continua (4) capaz de alimentar cada una de las bobinas conductoras (1) de forma independiente y controlable.In the three described embodiments, the system is located and fixed at the motor's output, coaxially with it, and the coils are electrically connected to a source of DC power supply (4) capable of feeding each of the conductive coils ( 1) independently and controllable.
El modo de operation es identico en los tres modos de realizacion descritos: se hace pasar un numero de amperios-vuelta wt por cada bobina i tales que la suma vectorial de los vectores directores at (2) del eje de cada bobina i, multiplicados por el peso respectivo de amperios-vuelta cada bobina, sea A = at. El vector ^define en primera aproximacion la direction de la lmea magnetica (7) que parte del origen del sistema (0). La cantidad total de amperios-vuelta necesarios, es tal que las bobinas generan un campo magnetico total cuya intensidad es suficiente para magnetizar al plasma del motor a la salida del motor, de modo que el plasma es encauzado, acelerado y opcionalmente deflectado.The mode of operation is identical in the three described embodiments: a number of amp-turns wt is passed through each coil i such that the vector sum of the leading vectors at (2) of the axis of each coil i, multiplied by the respective weight of amp-turns each coil, be A = at. The vector ^ defines in first approximation the direction of the magnetic line (7) that starts from the origin of the system (0). The total amount of ampere-turns required is such that the coils generate a total magnetic field whose intensity is sufficient to magnetize the motor plasma at the motor output, so that the plasma is channeled, accelerated and optionally deflected.
Para operar de forma axilsimetrica (sin deflexion del vector de empujeF), se hace pasar una misma cantidad de amperios-vueltaw; por cada bobinai. El campo magnetico total generado por las bobinas es esencialmente axilsimetrico respecto al eje del sistema (3), el vector A es paralelo al vector director unitario z del eje de referencia del sistema (3), y consecuentemente la lmea magnetica (7) que pasa por el origen del sistema (0) no sufre deflexion. Al fluir el plasma del motor en el campo magnetico del sistema, se genera un chorro de plasma no deflectado lateralmente, y no se generan pares de fuerzas laterales.To operate axilsimetrically (without deflection of the thrust vector F), the same amount of ampere-lapw is passed; For each bobinai. The total magnetic field generated by the coils is essentially axilsimetric with respect to the system axis (3), the vector A is parallel to the unit director vector z of the system reference axis (3), and consequently the magnetic line (7) that passes due to the origin of the system (0) it does not suffer deflection. When the motor plasma flows in the magnetic field of the system, a non-deflected plasma jet is generated laterally, and no pairs of lateral forces are generated.
Para operar de forma no-axilsimetrica (con deflexion del vector de empujeF), se hace pasar por cada bobina iun numero de amperio-vueltas wtdistinto, de forma que el vector A apunte en la direccion deseada del vector de empuje F.To operate in a non-axymetric manner (with deflection of the thrust vector F), a number of amp-turns wtdistinto is passed through each coil, so that the vector A points in the desired direction of the thrust vector F.
Una variante de este modo de operacion consiste en elegir el numero de amperios-vuelta wt por cada bobina ide modo que el vector 4sea tal que (F xA) -z = 0 (es decir, que los vectores A, F y z sean coplanarios), y A-z/ sea proporcional a F - z/\F\.A variant of this mode of operation consists in choosing the number of amp-turns wt for each coil ide so that the vector 4 is such that (F xA) -z = 0 (that is, that the vectors A, F and z are coplanar) , and Az / be proportional to F - z / \ F \.
Aun otra variante consiste en elegir el numero de amperios-vuelta wt por cada bobina jde modo que el vector 4sea tal que (F xA) -z = 0 y A-z/ '^Jwi seauna funcion no lineal deF- z/|F|.Yet another variant consists in choosing the number of amp-turns wt for each coil j so that the vector 4 is such that (F xA) -z = 0 and A-z / '^ Jwi is a non-linear function of F-z / | F |.
5 De cualquiera de estas formas no-axilsimetricas de operar, el campo total generado por las bobinas no es axilsimetrico, y los tubos magneticos se deflectan lateralmente. Al fluir el plasma del motor por el campo magnetico del sistema, el sistema genera un chorro de plasma deflectado lateralmente, y el vector de empuje queda deflectado.Con este procedimiento es posible obtener deflexiones del vector de empuje de angulos del orden de 10 a en cualquier direccion. Los amperio-vueltas por cada bobina, wt, no tienen por que tener todos el mismo signo.5 In any of these non-axymetric ways of operating, the total field generated by the coils is not axilsimetric, and the magnetic tubes are deflected laterally. When the motor plasma flows through the magnetic field of the system, the system generates a laterally deflected plasma jet, and the thrust vector is deflected. With this procedure it is possible to obtain deflections of the angle thrust vector of the order of 10 to any address. The amp-turns for each coil, wt, do not have to have all the same sign.
Claims (7)
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| ES201331790A ES2540167B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2013-12-05 | SYSTEM WITHOUT MOBILE OR ELECTRODE PARTS AND PROCEDURE TO VECTORIZE THE PUSHING IN PLASMA SPACE ENGINES |
| PCT/ES2014/070858 WO2015082739A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2014-11-20 | Thrust vectoring system and method for space plasma thrusters |
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| ES201331790A ES2540167B2 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2013-12-05 | SYSTEM WITHOUT MOBILE OR ELECTRODE PARTS AND PROCEDURE TO VECTORIZE THE PUSHING IN PLASMA SPACE ENGINES |
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| RU2644810C2 (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2018-02-14 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Московский технологический университет" | Device for vector control of plasma engine strip (options) and method of vector control of plasma engine strip |
| ES2733773B2 (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-10-01 | Univ Madrid Carlos Iii | U-Geometry Electrodeless Plasma Space Engine and Use of U Geometry |
| CN111140448A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | Vector magnetic nozzle for electric propulsion consisting of interwoven electromagnetic coils |
| CN111547211A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-18 | 河北工业大学 | Novel underwater vector propeller |
| DE102020128964A1 (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-05 | NeutronStar Systems UG (haftungsbeschränkt) | Propulsion system for spacecraft |
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