ES2529602A1 - Battery repair method (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Battery repair method (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2529602A1
ES2529602A1 ES201331265A ES201331265A ES2529602A1 ES 2529602 A1 ES2529602 A1 ES 2529602A1 ES 201331265 A ES201331265 A ES 201331265A ES 201331265 A ES201331265 A ES 201331265A ES 2529602 A1 ES2529602 A1 ES 2529602A1
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battery
capacity
voltage
charge
nominal
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ES2529602B1 (en
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Benjamín BALLESTEROS CABO
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Rebattery Ecomobility Sl
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SORETSEL LAB CONSULTING S L
SORETSEL LAB CONSULTING SL
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Battery repair method. It describes a method designed to repair batteries and similar types of electric energy accumulators that is based on the use of curves of previous charge discharge and cleaning of the battery. The load is performed selectively to carry out a repair process that allows the battery to be left in its original capacities in terms of load and properties. The repair method described here includes defining the nominal voltage and capacity of the battery, to subsequently discharge the battery, leaving the battery in a state of maximum accumulation capacity; and once it has been discharged, it is applied, during a period comprised between 24 and 36 hours, to the battery a pulsed charge in pulsed function where said pulsed charge has an intensity associated to the nominal capacity of the battery, and to carry out a charge full battery. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

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MÉTODO DE REPARACIÓN DE BATERÍAS D E S C R I P C I ÓN 5 OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención se enmarca en el campo los dispositivos acumuladores, como son las baterías. 10 El objeto de la invención consiste en método que permite reparar las baterías de tipo Pb más ácido. BATTERY REPAIR METHOD D E S C R I P C ION 5 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention frames accumulator devices in the field, such as batteries. The object of the invention is a method that allows the repair of the more acidic Pb batteries.

ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

15 La principal causa de ineficiencia en las baterías plomo/acido es la sulfatación que como tal es parte del proceso de funcionamiento de las mismas para la acumulación de energía. 15 The main cause of inefficiency in lead / acid batteries is sulfation, which as such is part of their operation process for energy accumulation.

Independientemente de si es una batería VRLA (valve regulated lead acid), AGM 20 (absorbed glass matt), Gel (Gelificada), Flooded (Abiertas), … todas funcionan según el mismo patrón Redox: Regardless of whether it is a VRLA battery (valve regulated lead acid), AGM 20 (absorbed glass matt), Gel (Gelified), Flooded (Open), ... all work according to the same Redox pattern:

imagen1image 1

25 Durante el proceso de carga, el sulfato de plomo es reducido a plomo metal en las placas negativas, mientras que en las positivas se forma óxido de plomo (PbO2). Por lo tanto se trata de un proceso de dismutación. No se libera hidrógeno, ya que la reducción de los protones a hidrógeno elemental está cinéticamente impedida en una superficie de plomo. Durante la descarga se invierten los procesos de la carga. El 25 During the charging process, lead sulfate is reduced to lead metal in the negative plates, while in the positive ones lead oxide (PbO2) is formed. Therefore it is a process of dismutation. Hydrogen is not released, since the reduction of protons to elemental hydrogen is kinetically impeded on a lead surface. During the download, the loading processes are reversed. He

30 óxido de plomo es reducido a sulfato de plomo mientras que el plomo elemental es oxidado para dar igualmente sulfato de plomo. Los electrones intercambiados se aprovechan en forma de corriente eléctrica por un circuito externo. Lead oxide is reduced to lead sulfate while elemental lead is oxidized to give lead sulfate. The exchanged electrons are used in the form of electric current by an external circuit.

Una vez que las baterías son cicladas (se cargan/descargan), se van acumulando Once the batteries are cycled (they are charged / discharged), they accumulate

35 cristales de sulfato en las placas que van reduciendo la superficie de contacto existente entre las placas y el electrolito. 35 sulfate crystals in the plates that reduce the contact surface between the plates and the electrolyte.

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Este proceso de sulfatación lleva a que se marquen como obsoletas por ineficientes baterías que están severamente sulfatadas. This sulfation process leads to them being marked as obsolete by inefficient batteries that are severely sulfated.

DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

5 El objeto de la invención es un método para la reparación de baterías, el método se puede llevar a cabo mediante una equipo que comprende una serie de elementos de carga desulfatación (cargadores), programables y ajustables a los que podemos ponerles 8 curvas de desulfatación diferentes. Las curvas más habituales son la Wa, The object of the invention is a method for repairing batteries, the method can be carried out by means of a device comprising a series of desulphation charging elements (chargers), programmable and adjustable to which we can put 8 desulphation curves different. The most common curves are the Wa,

10 Wowa e Iua. 10 Wowa and Iua.

Todas las curvas tienen en común que a un voltaje predeterminado, van cambiando las fases de carga llegando a la situación de batería cargada no porque se haya restituido la carga que se ha extraído de la batería sino porque ha llegado esta a un All curves have in common that at a predetermined voltage, the charging phases are changing reaching the charged battery situation not because the charge that has been removed from the battery has been restored but because it has reached a

15 voltaje determinado. Teniendo en cuenta que la cristalización de sulfatos en placa aumenta la resistencia interna de la batería y teniendo en cuenta que V=I*R (voltaje es intensidad por resistencia), como la intensidad que meten los cargadores salvo fallo no cambia, la tensión de corte llega antes cuanto más sulfatada está la batería. 15 voltage determined. Taking into account that the crystallization of sulfates in the plate increases the internal resistance of the battery and taking into account that V = I * R (voltage is resistance intensity), as the intensity that the chargers put in unless failure does not change, the voltage of The cut comes earlier the more sulphated the battery is.

20 Lo primero que se hace es determinar la aplicación de la batería a tratar: Tracción, arranque, estacionario, Después se determina el tipo de batería en función de su fabricación: Gel, AGM, AGM espiral, VRLA y Plomo Abierto. 20 The first thing that is done is to determine the application of the battery to be treated: Traction, starting, stationary, Then the type of battery is determined based on its manufacture: Gel, AGM, spiral AGM, VRLA and Open Lead.

Se define voltaje y capacidad nominal de la batería y con uno de nuestros testers se Voltage and nominal capacity of the battery are defined and with one of our testers

25 toman valores de voltaje y conductancia, que en nuestras tablas de parámetros nos da un valor de la situación inicial de la batería tanto en SOC (State of Charge) como en SOH (State of Health). 25 take voltage and conductance values, which in our parameter tables gives us a value of the initial battery situation in both SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Health).

Se descarga la batería estableciendo el rango de corte que en fichas establezca el The battery is discharged by setting the cut-off range that the chips set in the

30 fabricante para esa batería y que suele oscilar entre 1,7 V por celda a C5 (descarga a corriente constante en 5h.) y 1,85 V por celda a C15 (descarga a corriente constante en 15h.). Se pasa vapor a presión para limpiar la batería y evitar corrientes de fuga indeseadas. 30 manufacturer for that battery and usually ranges between 1.7 V per cell at C5 (constant current discharge in 5h.) And 1.85 V per cell at C15 (constant current discharge in 15h.). Pressure steam is passed to clean the battery and avoid unwanted leakage currents.

35 Para poder llevar a cabo de manera eficiente dicha descarga se miden la evolución del voltaje de la batería celda a celda en esa primera descarga lo que nos permite 35 In order to efficiently carry out said discharge, the evolution of the cell-to-cell battery voltage in that first discharge is measured, which allows us

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definir si dentro de la batería (conjunto de celdas), existe alguna celda que por su mal estado condiciona el rendimiento del resto. Define whether within the battery (set of cells), there is a cell that, due to its poor condition, determines the performance of the rest.

Una vez descargada la batería, se aplica una curva de carga especial pulsada, Once the battery is discharged, a special pulsed charge curve is applied,

5 programada por SLC, existen 5 curvas de reparación: -SLC Gel -SLC AGM -SLC AGM-e -SLC VRLA 5 programmed by SLC, there are 5 repair curves: -SLC Gel -SLC AGM -SLC AGM-e -SLC VRLA

10 -SLC Flooded 10 -SLC Flooded

Definida la curva se programan, tanto el voltaje nominal (en voltios) como la capacidad nominal (en amperios hora)…. De la batería que vamos a reparar y el equipo en función de nuestra curva programada hace el resto. Once the curve is defined, both the nominal voltage (in volts) and the nominal capacity (in ampere hours) are programmed…. Of the battery that we are going to repair and the equipment according to our programmed curve does the rest.

15 Una vez finalizado el ciclo que dura entre 24-36h., se pone a cargar la batería usando para ello las recomendaciones que proporcione el fabricante en la ficha técnica de la batería. Como durante la reparación ya ha ido cogiendo carga este proceso no tarda más allá de 4-6h. 15 Once the cycle that lasts between 24-36h is finished, the battery is charged using the recommendations provided by the manufacturer in the battery data sheet. As during the repair it has already been loading this process does not take more than 4-6h.

20 Una vez finalizado se deja reposar la batería 2 horas para que repose completamente y pueda refrescarse el electrolito. 20 Once finished, the battery is allowed to stand for 2 hours so that it rests completely and the electrolyte can cool down.

Tras el reposo se vuelven a tomar con nuestro tester los valores de Conductancia y After resting, the Conductance values are again taken with our tester and

25 voltaje y se vuelve a descargar con los mismos datos de la primera descarga para establecer la situación de la batería. Si en se detectara alguna celda con valores desviados más de un 10% de la media por abajo se sustituye para evitar que condicione al resto. 25 voltage and re-discharged with the same data from the first discharge to establish the battery status. If any cell with deviated values is detected more than 10% of the average below it is replaced to prevent it from conditioning the rest.

30 El proceso de reparación se puede repetir mientras los valores de conductancia vayan mejorando al final del mismo. Para determinar el valor objetivo se tendrá en cuenta las necesidades del cliente, si bien en telecomunicación suele ser necesario que la eficiencia (en descarga) de la batería sea >= 90% y en tracción >=75%. El proceso de reparación viene definido por el método de la invención el cual comprende los 30 The reparation process can be repeated as long as the conductance values improve at the end of it. To determine the target value, the customer's needs will be taken into account, although in telecommunication it is usually necessary that the efficiency (in discharge) of the battery is> = 90% and in traction> = 75%. The repair process is defined by the method of the invention which comprises the

35 siguientes pasos : definir voltaje y capacidad nominales de la batería, descargar la batería, dejando la batería en un estado de máxima capacidad de acumulación, 35 next steps: define the nominal voltage and capacity of the battery, discharge the battery, leaving the battery in a state of maximum accumulation capacity,

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aplicar, durante un periodo comprendido entre 24 y 36 horas, a la batería una carga pulsada en función pulsada donde dicha carga pulsada tiene una intensidad asociada a la capacidad nominal de la batería, y realizar una carga completa de la batería. Dicha intensidad de la carga especial pulsada es igual a un valor resultante de calcular apply, for a period between 24 and 36 hours, to the battery a pulsed charge in pulsed function where said pulsed charge has an intensity associated with the nominal capacity of the battery, and perform a full charge of the battery. This intensity of the pulsed special load is equal to a value resulting from calculating

5 el valor resultante de dividir entre 30 el valor de capacidad nominal de la batería. 5 the value resulting from dividing the nominal capacity of the battery by 30.

REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Para llevar a cabo el método objeto de la invención se procede primeramente a To carry out the method object of the invention, first proceed to

10 descargar una batería a reparar y adicionalmente comprende limpiar cada celda mediante aplicación de vapor y/o medir un voltaje de celda de cada celda de la batería, para iniciar un proceso limpio en el que debemos añadir a la batería toda su capacidad de acumulación. La descarga se lleva a cabo mediante un establecimiento de rango de corte que en fichas establezca el fabricante para esa batería, donde dicho rango de 10 Discharge a battery to be repaired and additionally comprises cleaning each cell by steam application and / or measuring a cell voltage of each battery cell, to start a clean process in which we must add to the battery all its accumulation capacity. The discharge is carried out by means of an establishment of cut-off range that in chips established by the manufacturer for that battery, where said range of

15 corte se encuentra comprendido 1,7 V por celda a C5 y 1,85 V por celda a C15; donde el rango de corte es de 1,7 V por celda C5 y la descarga se lleva a cabo a corriente constante durante 5h y es de 1,85 V por celda C15 y la descarga se lleva a cabo a corriente constante durante 15h. The cut-off is 1.7 V per cell at C5 and 1.85 V per cell at C15; where the cut-off range is 1.7 V per cell C5 and the discharge is carried out at a constant current for 5 hours and is 1.85 V per cell C15 and the discharge is carried out at a constant current for 15 hours.

20 Se procede a introducir en un equipo de reparación de baterías unos valores de voltaje nominal y la capacidad nominal de la batería, donde la definición de voltaje y capacidad nominales se lleva a cabo mediante toma de medidas de voltaje y conductancia de la batería por equipos de testeo; y se procede a seleccionar un tipo de curva que se selecciona de ente el grupo consistente en: SLC Gel, SLC AGM, 20 A nominal voltage value and the nominal capacity of the battery are introduced into a battery repair equipment, where the definition of nominal voltage and capacity is carried out by taking measurements of voltage and conductance of the battery by equipment of testing; and we proceed to select a type of curve that is selected from the group consisting of: SLC Gel, SLC AGM,

25 SLC AGM-e, SLC VRLA y SLC Flooded y se introducen los correspondientes parámetros de carga (Imax, Vmax, …) que dependen del tipo de curva ya que no son iguales para flooded, agm, gel, vrla y agm espiral,. 25 SLC AGM-e, SLC VRLA and SLC Flooded and the corresponding load parameters are introduced (Imax, Vmax, ...) that depend on the type of curve since they are not the same for flooded, agm, gel, vrla and spiral agm.

Para llevar a cabo la reparación se calcula un valor de intensidad de reparación que la 30 calculamos dividiendo la capacidad nominal de la batería entre 30. To carry out the repair, a repair intensity value is calculated, which we calculate by dividing the nominal capacity of the battery by 30.

La curva de carga usada comprende iniciar una carga a un valor de intensidad máximo Imax constante hasta llegar a un primer valor de voltaje voltaje1. Manteniendo el voltaje en dicho valor voltaje 1 se procede a disminuir el valor de la intensidad desde The load curve used comprises starting a load at a constant maximum Imax intensity value until reaching a first voltage voltage value1. Maintaining the voltage at said voltage value 1, the intensity value is reduced from

35 Imax hasta: -llegar a un segundo valor de intensidad I2 y/o 35 Imax up to: - reach a second intensity value I2 and / or

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-haya transcurrido un determinado periodo de tiempo preestablecido. - a certain predetermined period of time has elapsed.

Se continúa manteniendo I2 constante y se procede a aumentar el voltaje hasta llegar a un valor de voltaje gaseo (Vmax), y una vez que llega a ese voltaje, en lugar de I2 is kept constant and the voltage is increased until it reaches a gaseous voltage value (Vmax), and once it reaches that voltage, instead of

5 disparar como haría un cargador normal, se procede a comparar la capacidad nominal de la batería con un valor resultante de calcular: Los amperios hora que hemos cargado + 13% como factor perdida por el efecto joule. 5 shoot as a normal charger would, we proceed to compare the nominal capacity of the battery with a value resulting from calculating: The amp hours we have charged + 13% as a factor lost by the joule effect.

Si el valor de Capacidad Introducida >= Capacidad Nominal +13%, entonces se para If the value of Entering Capacity> = Nominal Capacity + 13%, then it stops

10 la carga y se da por finalizado el método, si no es así, se procede a hacer una pausa de 30 minutos y se vuelve a repetir el proceso hasta el paso de comparación y así sucesivamente hasta que el valor de la Capacidad Introducida >= Capacidad Nominal +13%. 10 the load and the method is terminated, if not, proceed to pause for 30 minutes and repeat the process until the comparison step and so on until the value of the Capacity Entered> = Nominal Capacity + 13%.

15 De manera esquemática se puede representar el método de reparación de baterías aquí descrito de la siguiente manera una vez se ha procedido a la descarga: 15 The battery repair method described here can be represented schematically as follows once the discharge has been carried out:

i. Cargar a intensidad máxima Imax constante hasta llegar a un primer valor de voltaje voltaje1 . i. Charge at maximum intensity Imax constant until reaching a first voltage value voltage1.

20 ii. disminuir Imax hasta que se llegue a un valor de intensidad I2 20 ii. decrease Imax until an intensity value of I2 is reached

iii. subir el voltaje hasta llegar a un valor de voltaje gaseo Vmax, iii. raise the voltage until you reach a Vmax gas voltage value,

iv. calcular un valor resultante de: 25 (número de amperios por hora cargados en la batería)* 1.13 iv. Calculate a resulting value of: 25 (number of amps per hour charged to the battery) * 1.13

v. comparar la capacidad nominal de la batería con un valor resultante del paso anterior, y v. compare the nominal capacity of the battery with a value resulting from the previous step, and

vi. esperar un tiempo no inferior a 30 minutos y volver al saw. wait no less than 30 minutes and return to

paso iii cuando el valor resultante sea menor que la capacidad nominal 30 introducida. step iii when the resulting value is less than the nominal capacity entered.

Claims (10)

P201331265 P201331265 22-08-2013 08-22-2013 R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S  R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S 1. Método de reparación de baterías caracterizado porque comprende: 1. Battery repair method characterized in that it comprises: ● definir voltaje y capacidad nominales de la batería, ● define nominal battery voltage and capacity, 5 ● descargar la batería, dejando la batería en un estado de máxima capacidad de acumulación, 5 ● discharge the battery, leaving the battery in a state of maximum accumulation capacity, ● aplicar, durante un periodo comprendido entre 24 y 36 horas, a la batería una carga pulsada en función pulsada siguiendo una curva de reparación donde dicha carga pulsada tiene una intensidad asociada a la ● apply, for a period between 24 and 36 hours, to the battery a pulsed charge in pulsed function following a repair curve where said pulsed charge has an intensity associated with the 10 capacidad nominal de la batería, y 10 nominal battery capacity, and ● realizar una carga completa de la batería. ● Perform a full battery charge. 2. Método según reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque comprende calcular la 2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises calculating the intensidad de la carga pulsada la se calcula dividiendo la capacidad nominal de la 15 batería entre 30. Pulsed charge intensity is calculated by dividing the nominal capacity of the battery by 30. 3. Método según reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la curva de reparación se selecciona de ente el grupo consistente en: SLC Gel, SLC AGM, SLC AGM-e, SLC VRLA y SLC Flooded. 3. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the repair curve is selected from the group consisting of: SLC Gel, SLC AGM, SLC AGM-e, SLC VRLA and SLC Flooded. 20 twenty 4. Método según reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la fase de descargar la batería adicionalmente comprende medir un voltaje de celda de cada de la batería. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the phase of discharging the battery additionally comprises measuring a cell voltage of each of the battery. 5. Método según reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la fase de descargar la 25 batería adicionalmente comprende limpiar cada celda mediante aplicación de vapor. 5. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the phase of discharging the battery additionally comprises cleaning each cell by steam application. 6. Método según reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la definición de voltaje y capacidad nominales se lleva a cabo mediante toma de medidas de voltaje y conductancia de la batería por equipos de testeo. 6. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the definition of nominal voltage and capacity is carried out by taking measurements of voltage and conductance of the battery by testing equipment. 30 30 7. Método según reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la descarga se lleva a cabo mediante un establecimiento de rango de corte que en fichas establezca el fabricante para esa batería, donde dicho rango de corte se encuentra comprendido 1,7 V por celda a C5 y 1,85 V por celda a C15 7. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge is carried out by means of a setting of the cutting range established in chips by the manufacturer for that battery, where said cutting range is comprised 1.7 V per cell at C5 and 1, 85 V per cell at C15 35 35 7 7 P201331265 P201331265 22-08-2013 08-22-2013
8. 8.
Método según reivindicación 7 donde el rango de corte es de 1,7 V por celda C5 caracterizado porque la descarga se lleva a cabo a corriente constante durante 5h. Method according to claim 7 wherein the cut-off range is 1.7 V per cell C5 characterized in that the discharge is carried out at a constant current for 5h.
9. 9.
Método según reivindicación 7 donde el rango de corte es de 1,85 V por celda Method according to claim 7 wherein the cutting range is 1.85 V per cell
5 C15 caracterizado porque la descarga se lleva a cabo a corriente constante durante 15h. 5 C15 characterized in that the discharge is carried out at a constant current for 15 hours. 10. Método según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque la aplicación de carga pulsada comprende: 10. Method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the pulsed loading application comprises: 10 i. cargar a intensidad máxima Imax constante hasta llegar a un primer valor de voltaje [voltaje1]. 10 i. charge at maximum intensity Imax constant until reaching a first voltage value [voltage1]. ii. disminuir Imax hasta que se llegue a un valor de intensidad [I2] ii. decrease Imax until an intensity value is reached [I2] iii. subir el voltaje hasta llegar a un valor máximo de voltaje de gaseo [Vmax], iii. raise the voltage to a maximum gas voltage value [Vmax], 15 iv. calcular un valor resultante de : (número de amperios por hora cargados en la batería)* 1.13 15 iv. calculate a value resulting from: (number of amps per hour charged to the battery) * 1.13 v. comparar la capacidad nominal de la batería con un valor resultante del paso anterior, y v. compare the nominal capacity of the battery with a value resulting from the previous step, and 20 vi. esperar un tiempo no inferior a 30 minutos y volver al paso iii cuando el valor resultante sea menor que la capacidad nominal introducida. 20 vi. wait a time not less than 30 minutes and return to step iii when the resulting value is less than the nominal capacity entered. 8 8
ES201331265A 2013-08-22 2013-08-22 Battery Repair Method Expired - Fee Related ES2529602B1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108091946A (en) * 2017-12-17 2018-05-29 山东元齐新动力科技有限公司 Lead-acid battery vulcanization restorative procedure, apparatus and system, computer storage media

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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