ES2527869B1 - Glued laminated wood profile for interior and exterior carpentry and manufacturing process - Google Patents

Abstract

Glued laminated wood profile for interior and exterior carpentry, comprising a plurality of black pine sheets (2), glued by two-component adhesive (3) formed by a polymeric emulsion of isocyanate and formaldehyde free hardener. Manufacturing process of a laminated profile of glued black pine wood.

Description

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TABLE I

High quality

Altitude

Between 1,600 and 2,000 m

Annual average rainfall

Greater than 1,000 mm

Terrain typology

They tend to settle in shady deep soils, valley bottoms, low and middle slopes with slopes that can become high, but not extreme. The presence of calcareous lithologies, with deep and well washed soils, can lead to excellent qualities.

Volume growth with bark

Above 4.5 m3 / ha / year (between 5 -6 m3 / ha / year on average)

Average growth in basimetric area

Masses of Dm ≥ 20 cm: 0.75 m2 / ha / year. Masses of Dm <20 cm: 0.9 m2 / ha / year

Production target

Throughout the shift, a high proportion of wood for saw (normal and special) and posts can be obtained.

Age of short (indicative)

120 -150 years

Cutter diameter (indicative)

40 -45 cm

Dominant height at 120 years

greater than 20 meters

TABLE II

Medium quality

Altitude

Locations in which some of the ecological variables take suboptimal values, although the rest of the variables remain at their optimum values: Thus, these masses are located in areas with suboptimal altitude ranges (1,400 -1,600m or 2,000-2,200 m), but with soils , adequate rainfall and orientation. They can also be found in fertile solanas or in shades of deep soils, physiographic positions at the bottom of the valley, low and middle slopes, but with annual average rainfall levels of less than 1,000 mm.

Annual average rainfall

Terrain typology

Volume growth with bark

Between 2.5 and 4.5 m3 / ha / year (3.5 m3 / ha / year on average)

Average growth in basimetric area

Masses of Dm ≥ 20 cm: 0.52 m2 / ha / year. Masses of Dm <20 cm: 0.62 m2 / ha / year

Production target

Throughout the shift, an important part of the production of wood for normal saw and posts can be obtained.

Age of short (indicative)

120 -150 years

Cutter diameter (indicative)

35 -40 cm

Dominant height at 120 years

16 to 20 meters

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TABLE III

LOW Quality

Altitude

In general, low season qualities correspond to locations where two or more of the ecological variables are not within their optimum range. The quality of the low season can be determined by: -Altitude lower than 1,400 m or more than 2,200 m. - Shallow soils, with frequent rocky outcrops or high stony. -High slope slopes, exposed dividers and ridges. -Solanas with average annual rainfall of less than 1,000 mm.

Annual average rainfall

Terrain typology

Volume growth with bark

Less than 2.5 m3 / ha / year (between 1.5 -2 m3 / ha / year on average)

Average growth in basimetric area

Masses of Dm ≥ 20 cm: 0.32 m2 / ha / year. Masses of Dm <20 cm: 0.41 m2 / ha / year

Production target

Production, in general, will not be valid for saw wood.

Age of short (indicative)

150-200 years

Cutter diameter (indicative)

30 -35 cm

Dominant height at 120 years

12 to 16 meters

The use of black pine, known as Pinus uncinata or Pinus mugo, is not

5 currently known in the manufacture of profiles. This species has important strengths with respect to other materials traditionally used in the manufacture of profiles, such as wood of other species, aluminum or PVC.

Specifically, black pine is lighter than other woods, such as wood

10 boreal or tropical leafy. It is a tannin-free wood, facilitating surface finishing and gluing by avoiding unwanted chemical interference. It significantly improves dimensional stability, control of dimensions during manufacturing and deformations with respect to solid wood. Optimizes the use of the raw material from sheets of smaller section, which

15 supposes a greater environmental benefit and improves the drying process. The sanitation of the most outstanding singularities, such as knots, resin bags or fendas, significantly improves aesthetic quality. Little wear the cutting tools during machining and is easy to dye.

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Black pine has an insulating power much higher than that of aluminum (which has a thermal conductivity about 1500 times higher) and that of PVC (which has a thermal conductivity of around 23% higher). The energy incorporated during manufacturing is much lower than aluminum (which requires a manufacturing energy 5 to thirteen times greater) and PVC (which requires a manufacturing energy up to six times greater). Black pine wood captures 1.84 g of CO2 during the tree's growth phase. At the end of its useful life it can be used to obtain energy, releasing the CO2 that it has absorbed from the atmosphere previously and, therefore, does not contribute clearly to increasing the greenhouse effect. On the contrary, the

The degradation of aluminum and PVC generates net CO2 emissions that do contribute to the increase in the greenhouse effect. In addition, black pine is a renewable, biodegradable resource and does not generate toxic products. Finally, being breathable allows to regulate the humidity of the environment with the outside.

15 Thus, the black pine allows to obtain a laminated profile of glued wood for homogeneous interior and exterior carpentry, of standardized quality, specific dimensions, and humidity and controlled properties. The gluing by means of a two-component adhesive, formed by a polymeric emulsion of isocyanate and formaldehyde free hardener, allows to market the laminated profile obtained in markets

20 highly demanding regarding formaldehyde emissions, a volatile organic carcinogenic compound that in the future could be subject to prohibitions or limitations of use.

Description of the invention

According to a first object, the present invention relates to a glued laminated wood profile for interior and exterior carpentry comprising a plurality of black pine sheets, glued by bicomponent adhesive formed by a polymeric isocyanate emulsion and hardener free of formaldehyde.

Preferably, the glued laminated wood profile for interior and exterior carpentry of the present invention has a number of sheets equal to or greater than 3, preferably odd. The sheets laterally comprise one or more joining faces arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the profile. Preferably, the sheets are joined laterally to each other with their growth fibers in axial direction and to the

35 at the same time with its growth fibers oriented in series or in parallel.

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For profiles of greater length, the sheets may comprise toothed joints serrated longitudinally to the profile. Preferably, the testa joints are alternately arranged between adjacent sheets.

5 The amount of two-component adhesive is between 150 and 250 grams per square meter of surface to be glued. For aesthetic reasons the adhesive to be used has a clear color indistinguishable from wood. An adhesive of type D4 according to UNE-EN 204: 2002 is used.

According to a second object, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a laminated profile of glued black pine wood, comprising the steps of:

a) stack and air dry one or more black pine rolls so that its contents

15 humidity is lower; b) bark the rolls; c) unfold the rolls into wood sheets; d) eliminate the singularities, irregularities or defects of the sheets of

wood, such as knots, fenders etc., by cross sections; 20 e) dry the sheets until they are left with a moisture content between 8% and 15%;

f) brush dry sheets to eliminate irregularities and prepare the gluing surface, it is convenient that between brushing and gluing not more than 24 hours pass;

25 g) clean the surfaces of the wood sheets to be glued;

h) Apply a two-component adhesive formed by a polymeric emulsion of isocyanate and formaldehyde-free hardener on the joining faces of the sheets, preferably applying an amount of adhesive between 150 and 250 grams per square meter of surface to be glued onto wood sheets

30 whose temperature is not less than 20 ° C; Y

i) cold press the glued sheets with a pressure of between 0.1MPa and 1MPa, preferably close to 1MPa, to obtain a laminated profile, preferably assembling the sheets on a metal frame and with an ambient temperature of 20 ° C, while treating that at the time of gluing

35 the difference in humidity between the two faces does not exceed 5%.

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For profiles of greater length, after step e) the process of the present invention comprises the steps of: e.1) making stamped joints in the dried sheets, with a moisture content between 8% and 15%. %, and that the sheets do not present gems or damages

in the edge of the area of the joint by toothed union; e.2) clean testa joints; e.3) apply the bicomponent adhesive to testa joints ensuring that

all the faces of the teeth in the joint are covered with adhesive; and 10 e.4) longitudinally splice the sheets, with a pressure between 0.1Mpa and 1Mpa and taking into account that the gluing planes must not be interrupted.

At the time of gluing, it is convenient that the difference in humidity between two sheets is not more than 5% and that there are no gaps between the base and the tip of the tooth, or side fences coming from the tip or the base of the tooth.

Preferably, a head joint should not be less than 150 mm from another head joint of an adjacent sheet. The distance between the perimeter of a knot and the splice junction base must not be less than three times the diameter of the

20 knot Once the teeth have been machined, no more than 6 hours must pass until the joint is spliced.

Preferably, after step i) the process of the present invention comprises the steps of: j) brushing to remove excess adhesive from the laminated profile; and k) apply a surface finish (dyeing, painting, varnishing, lacquering, etc.) on the laminated profile.

Brief description of the drawings

A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to a preferred embodiment of said invention, presented as a non-limiting example thereof, will now be described very briefly.

35 Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a laminated wooden profile

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glued for interior and exterior carpentry according to the present invention.

Figure 2 represents an exploded view of the profile of Figure 1.

5 Figure 3 represents a perspective detail of the end of a sheet.

Figure 4 represents a front view of the profile of the present invention with a series orientation of the sheet growth fibers.

Figure 5 represents a front view of the profile of the present invention with a parallel orientation of the sheet growth fibers.

Figure 6 represents a plan view of a testa joint.

15 Figure 7 depicts a front view of a testa joint.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figures 1 and 2 show respectively a perspective view and an exploded view of a glued wood laminated profile (1) for interior and exterior carpentry of

20 according to the present invention. Said profile (1) comprises three sheets (2) of black pine, glued by two-component adhesive (3) formed by a polymeric emulsion of isocyanate and formaldehyde free hardener. The sheets (2) laterally comprise one or more joining faces (4) arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis (1L) of the profile (1).

The sheets (2) comprise testa joints (5) serrated longitudinally to the profile (1). The testa joints (5) are arranged along the longitudinal profile (1L) alternately between adjacent sheets (2). The most common commercial dimensions of the profile (1) of the present example can be between 72 and 120 mm of

30 wide, between 48 and 120 mm thick and between 1 and 3 meters long.

Figure 3 shows a perspective detail of the end of a sheet (2) with its growth rings (2a). As can be seen, they have an axial or longitudinal direction (2L), a radial direction (2R) and a tangential direction (2T).

35

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Figure 4 shows a first example of orientation of the growth fibers (2a) of the sheets (2). As can be seen, the sheets (2) are joined laterally to each other with their growth fibers (2a) in axial direction (2L), and at the same time with their growth fibers (2a) oriented in series (2S) with respect to growth fibers

5 (2a) of adjacent sheets (2).

Figure 5 shows a second example of orientation of the growth fibers (2a) of the sheets (2). As can be seen, the sheets (2) join laterally to each other with their growth fibers (2a) in the axial direction (2L), and at the same time

10 with their growth fibers (2a) oriented in parallel (2P) with respect to the growth fibers (2a) of adjacent sheets (2).

Figures 6 and 7 respectively show a plan view and a front view of a toothed junction (5) toothed. As can be seen, said union to testa (5)

15 comprises a plurality of teeth (51), twelve according to the present example, establishing a passage (52) between teeth (51), a tooth length (53) (51) and a tip width (54). According to a specific embodiment, the passage (52) between teeth (51) is approximately 3.8 mm; The length (53) of tooth (51) is approximately 14 mm and the tip width (54) is approximately 1 mm.

The summary of characteristics and properties of the laminate profile according to the present example is shown in Table IV.

TABLE IV

PROPERTY FEATURES

DATA

materials

Wood Scientific name Pinus uncinata

Common name

Black pine

Adhesive

Kind Akzo Nobel ® EPI system 1973/1993 D4 Polyisocyanate Emulsion according to UNE-EN 204: 2002

Color

Light cream

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde free

Quantity

150-250 g / m2

Presses supported

Cold, hot and high frequency

Pressing time

130 minutes

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TABLE IV (Continued)

Geometric features

Usual commercial dimensions Width: 72-120 mm Thickness: 48-120 mm Length: 1000-3000 mm

Number of sheets

Three or more

Serrated Union (UNE-EN 385: 2002)

He passed 3.8 mm

Tooth length

14 mm

Tip width

1 mm

Physical and mechanical properties Surface finish

Density (UNE 56531: 1977) 502 kg / m3

Hardness (UNE 56534: 1977)

1.85 mm -1

Resistant properties

Flexion (UNE 56537: 1977) 79.2 N / mm2

Compression (UNE 56535: 1977)

38.5 N / mm2

Adhesive

Shear (UNE-CEN / TS 13307: 2010 EX) 6.17 N / mm2

Delamination (UNE-CEN / TS 13307: 2010 EX)

<3.5% Suitable for 3 * service class

Durability (UNE-EN 350-1: 1995)

Medium or not very durable

Impregnability (UNE-EN 350-1: 1995)

Impregnable beak (Class 12) Heartwood not impregnable (Class 4)

Reaction to fire

D s2 d0

Machining

Brushed and calibrated four faces

Treatment or coating

Dyed, painted, varnished, lacquered

Environmental analysis

Estimated carbon balance calculation 0.65-1.84 = -1.19 kg CO2 / kg wood

Estimated calculation of incorporated energy

12 MJ / kg

* Classification system that indicates the average equilibrium moisture content of the wood put into service: Service class 1: It is characterized by a moisture content of the product corresponding to a temperature of 20 ºC and a relative humidity of the air that only exceeds 65% for a few weeks a year. Service class 2: It is characterized by a moisture content of the product corresponding to a temperature of 20 ° C and a relative humidity of the air that only exceeds 85% for a few weeks a year. Service class 3: Climatic conditions that lead to moisture contents higher than those of service class 2.

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1.-Glued laminated wood profile for interior and exterior carpentry, said profile

(1) characterized in that it comprises a plurality of sheets (2) of black pine,

5 glued by two-component adhesive (3) formed by a polymeric emulsion of isocyanate and formaldehyde free hardener.

2. Laminated profile of glued wood for interior and exterior carpentry according to claim 1 characterized in that it has an odd number of sheets (2),

10 equal to or greater than 3.

3.-Glued laminated wood profile for interior and exterior carpentry according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 2 characterized in that the sheets

(2)

laterally they comprise one or more connecting faces (4) arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis (1L) of the profile (1).

4. Laminated profile of glued wood for interior and exterior carpentry according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the sheets

(2)

they join laterally to each other with their growth fibers (2a) in axial direction 20 (2L) or longitudinal.

5. Laminated profile of glued wood for interior carpentry according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 4 characterized in that the sheets (2) are joined laterally to each other with their growth fibers (2a) oriented in series (2S) or in

25 parallel (2P).

6. Laminated profile of glued wood for interior carpentry according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the sheets (2) comprise toothed joints (5) serrated.

7. Laminated profile of glued wood for interior carpentry according to claim 6 characterized in that the testa joints (5) are alternately arranged between adjacent sheets (2).

35 8.-Glued laminated wood profile for interior carpentry according to any of

Claims (3)

the preceding claims 1 to 7 characterized in that the amount of two-component adhesive (3) is between 150 and 250 grams per square meter of surface to be glued. 5. Laminated profile of glued wood for interior carpentry according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 8 characterized in that the variety of black pine corresponds to that of Pinus uncinata or Pinus mugo. 10.- Manufacturing procedure of a laminated profile of glued pine wood 10 black characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) stacking and air drying one or more rolls of black pine; b) bark the rolls; c) unfold the rolls into wood sheets; d) eliminate the singularities, irregularities or defects of the sheets of 15 wood by cross cuts; e) dry the sheets until leaving them with a moisture content between 8% and 15%; f) brush the dried sheets to eliminate irregularities and prepare the gluing surface; 20 g) clean the surfaces of the wood sheets to be glued; h) apply a two-component adhesive (3) formed by a polymeric emulsion of isocyanate and formaldehyde free hardener on the joining faces (4) of the sheets (2); Y i) cold press the glued sheets to obtain a laminated profile (1). 11. Method of manufacturing a laminated profile of glued black pine wood according to claim 10 characterized in that after stage e) it comprises the steps of: e.1) make testa joints (5) serrated on dried sheets; 30 e.2) clean testa joints (5); e.3) apply the bicomponent adhesive (3) in the testa joints (5); and e.4) longitudinally splice the sheets (2). 12. Method of manufacturing a laminated profile of black glued pine wood according to any of claims 10 to 11 characterized in that -12 after stage i) it comprises the steps of: j) brushing to remove excess adhesive (3) from the laminated profile (1); and k) apply a surface finish on the laminated profile (1). -13 image 1 -�14�