ES2460840A1 - Construction blocks that can be fitted together - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to construction blocks (1, 1', 1", 100, 100') which can be fitted together and which are intended for use in the construction industry in order to produce pavements, sidings or retaining walls. The block (1, 1', 1", 100, 100') takes the form of a prism having a polygonal cross-section, e.g. square, hexagonal or rectangular, including upper (2, 102) and lower (3, 103) sides, the lateral surfaces (4, 104) of which include projections (5, 105) and recesses (6, 106) that can be used to couple parts to one another.

Description

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is a constructive system that can be used in the construction field for the execution of both pavements, as enclosures or retaining walls.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, the so-called Euro-pavers are known in the paving area, which are made of concrete and normally have the form of a straight prism of

10 rectangular base with straight side faces, or with a soft S-shape to achieve greater interlocking with horizontal forces (parallel to the paved surface).

For their installation, these Euroadoquines, or simply pavers, must necessarily rest on several layers (bed of aggregate, base, sub-base and esplanade) that must meet sufficient support requirements to satisfy the traffic conditions. Next, the joints between adjoining pavers are filled with sealing sand, finally compacting the whole and sweeping the paved surface. This surface adopts a vault shape that is confined between the side curbs with a "double" purpose: to allow the evacuation of rainwater, on the one hand, and to discharge the vertical actions by compressing said vault,

20 for the other. Thus, part of the load applied on a cobblestone is transmitted to the cobblestones that surround it thanks to the friction between the lateral faces that are compressed between them, being the sealing of the joints indispensable for the joint work necessary for the resistance of the pavement of this type.

It is also known a special type of rectangular paver marketed as Tegula

25 Tec and described in U.S. Pat. 6,263,633 B1 whose opposite side faces of greater dimension have vertical sections combined with complementary slope sections between them. The surface termination is the same as when we use normal rectangular blocks, the installation and assembly rules being identical. This configuration is designed to achieve adjustment between side faces of pavers

30 contiguous, thus improving the transmission and distribution of vertical forces in one direction and horizontal forces in the perpendicular direction, thereby increasing the overall bearing capacity. However, these pavers have as disadvantages the low load distribution achieved, the need to use up to five types of special parts for terminations and the complication of having to complement the initial sealing of the joints after a certain period of time has elapsed, since irregularities between the pieces cause it to lower its level.

In relation to the area of the enclosures, the variety is large but basically the existing blocks in the market are shaped like a rectangular prism with large interior holes that pursue the lightening of the piece. Concrete blocks and especially conventional bricks are the best known examples.

Finally, in the area of the retaining walls, the pieces are usually solid and with horizontal placement faces prepared to allow a certain interlock between two consecutive ones. This opposition to the thrust that acts is reinforced in different ways: placing the wall with a certain inclination on the vertical in the direction of the ground; arranging complementary elements (strips, geogrids, etc.) that are anchored in the pieces transmitting to them the resistance caused by the friction of the mentioned elements with the ground, etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The proposed construction system provides in any of the three fields mentioned (pavements, enclosures or retaining walls) an excellent response to the various forces, since it enhances the work together by transmitting not only the forces but also their moments in all directions , which downloads the most requested areas. On the other hand, it is necessary to emphasize the simplicity of assembly as all the blocks are equal and do not require the use of special parts.

The construction system of the invention comprises a recessed building block that is in the form of a straight prism whose base is a polygon with a lower polygonal face, an upper polygonal face and several rectangular side faces, which alternately have complementary protrusions and recesses that allow to fit laterally some blocks with others (if the number of sides of the base is odd = n, there would be two types of blocks: some with (n + 1) / 2 projections and (n-1) / 2 recesses and others with (n +1) / 2 incoming and (n-1) / 2 outgoing). In addition, the entrees adopt the widest possible width: that of the face where they are located, and the extension of their background plane forms the lateral faces of the

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adjoining projections. That is, at least one rectangular side face of the block comprises a recessed or incoming band - with a straight section in the form of a rectangle - that runs along the entire long side of said rectangular face, while at least one other rectangular side face of the block comprises a protrusion which has at least one side face that is obtained from the extension of the bottom plane of at least one contiguous recess and that has a length equal to or less than that of said entrant.

It is thus possible that the projections of some blocks are introduced into the recessed central band of the adjacent blocks, achieving a structure (pavement, enclosure

or retaining wall) with the advantages described above. More specifically, an important improvement is the fact that, since the entrances are run, the placement of the different blocks during the formation of the structure is facilitated. In general, since the void left by the recesses is not completely filled by the corresponding projections, there will be gaps that are filled in the construction system of the invention by inserting what we call an adjustment piece.

Preferably, these blocks with incoming and outgoing corridors have a square or hexagonal shape, or they are "double blocks" or rectangular (which are to be understood as "fusion" of square blocks to give coherence to the present exposure). For the square block the adjustment pieces will be straight prisms with a square base and for the hexagonal ones they will consist of straight prisms with a triangular base. The configuration of all these preferred embodiments will be described in greater detail with reference to the figures later in the present document.

The fact of making the incoming entrees has significance, since it expands the range of manufacturing possibilities, which can now include extrusion-type procedures commonly used in the production of parts with vibro-pressed concrete, ceramic materials, etc. On the other hand, it is gained in ease of placement of the successive blocks during construction, since they can be introduced following any direction to their final position. On the other hand, the corners are weakened by being hollow, although this situation is quite palliated using the aforementioned adjustment pieces.

The bearing capacity of a structure constructed with these blocks is a function of the strength of the material used in its manufacture, the thickness of the blocks, the size of the base of said block and the adjustment parts:

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 If the strength of the material is increased (while maintaining the other factors) the weight does not change and both the individual and joint strength increase.

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 If the thickness is increased (maintaining the other factors) the weight increases proportionally and also the individual and joint resistance.

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 If the size of the base of the block is increased (while maintaining the other factors) we weaken the individual pieces but the work as a whole grows a lot since now the projections can be more prominent and all without changing the total weight.

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The placement of the adjustment pieces increases the resistance of the assembly and reinforces the corners.

The blocks, in general, can carry a sheet of elastic material, preferably neoprene or the like, arranged on the outer face of the projections or on the bottom of the recesses. Said sheet will have its own thickness and deformability for each case. Thus, by fitting or recessing some blocks with others, the lateral faces will be separated a distance determined by the thickness of said elastic sheet. The elastic sheets have an important mission: to absorb the expansion of the structure caused by temperature differences, by retractions, by differential seats, etc. Immediate consequence is to make unnecessary the use of expansion joints that complicate the execution of the structures.

As an alternative, it is possible to eliminate the need to use the elastic sheets mentioned in the previous paragraph if adjustment pieces manufactured with a size somewhat larger than strictly necessary and with a material similar to that of the sheets are used. This alternative is very complete: it resolves the expansions, fills the gaps and gives the corners of the blocks an excellent response to the concentration of tensions of these.

In another general preferred embodiment of the invention, the recessed building block further comprises at least one of its two polygonal bases an additional projection or recess similar to those described above, giving rise to a special piece that we call "intersection". These intersection pieces allow connecting two perpendicular structures executed with the blocks, previously inserting in one of them a line of "intersection" pieces instead of "normal" blocks, as will be seen in greater detail in the example of the invention described more ahead.

Additionally, it is possible to construct the block in general by means of the adhesion or joining of three prismatic sub-blocks superimposed on top of each other. For example, to build a square block with incoming / outgoing runs, it would be enough to join two square-shaped sub-blocks to a rectangular sub-block properly disposed between them, leaving the rectangular sub-block enclosed as a sandwich. We manage to elaborate the block from elements that will always be easier to manufacture.

When the construction system of the invention is used as a pavement, its assembly is done as follows: an impermeable sheet is extended on the existing esplanade previously compacted and suitable with the own slopes for the drainage of rainwater, on which it is arranged a support layer of thickness proportional to the complementary need for load distribution, consisting of an aggregate of uniform size several times greater than the separation between blocks, in order to prevent its escape. Being uniform the size of the aggregate does not need compaction and has a very elastic behavior that is ideal for dynamic dynamic loads caused by traffic. In this regard, cite the possible use by making the function of aggregate of the material from the crushing of used tires. On the other hand, the impermeable sheet would have another important function, such as preventing water from flowing into said esplanade, which would weaken it.

Continuing with the previous exposition, the blocks are placed in rows perpendicular to the existing curbs until the space left with the curb is smaller than the piece and we proceed to cut it so that it fits in the available space and is inserted according to the Curb Address The adjustment pieces will be placed just before the big ones. Optionally, adjustment pieces can be placed in all or part of the corners.

The indicated arrangement enables drainage through the joints between the blocks to evacuate rainwater or the like. That is to say, a draining pavement is constituted with all the advantages of these: comfort, safety, no surface drains are necessary, etc. On the other hand, we can arrange the completely paved surface level with the resulting aesthetic and constructive advantages.

When the construction system of the invention is used for the execution of pavements, two very important additional advantages are also achieved. First, when a better distribution of loads is achieved, the support base needs less capacity

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bearing, thus reducing the requirements for the layers of support on which the pavement is arranged, with the consequent economic savings. On the other hand, the same design of the block prevents vertical differential movements between parts in contact, which - in the case of some vertical run at a certain point - ensures much softer deformations and prevents the appearance of "steps" between blocks

In addition, sealing between blocks and pumping the paved surface is not necessary (except in the case of non-draining pavements).

Special mention is made of the advantage of opening a newly completed pavement to traffic, especially on heavily requested roads.

If a watertight pavement is required, there are two options: the blocks can be placed in the same way as the Euroadoquines but with a much less demanding support platform or the aforementioned blocks would be placed normally with a complementary waterproof sheet just below they are then filling the joints with sealing sand to finish. In these two cases, it would be necessary to have a surface with pumping for the evacuation of water.

In the design of a pavement, the strength of the block to be used will depend on the category of traffic to be supported and the resistance of the esplanade. When the loads are very high and the esplanade weak, although we use blocks of great consistency, it may also be convenient to complement the bearing capacity with additional measures: thicker support layers, arrangement of a high tensile geogrid between the surface of support and blocks, etc.

The use of a rectangular block in pavements - which must be arranged with its largest dimension perpendicular to the traffic direction - also improves their behavior in the face of horizontal forces that have the direction marked by the circulation and are normally caused by the effect of Heavy vehicle braking. Likewise, the hexagonal block has a good behavior before these actions.

It is also possible to make use of the so-called "intersection" blocks by arranging them in the appropriate alignments forming part of the pavement and then lifting a barrier-like enclosure between traffic lanes, a lateral protection, etc.

When the block is used as a paver for the construction of pavements, the material normally used will be high strength concrete, preferably including glass fibers to improve its behavior in the event of strong traction. The adjustment pieces will be of the same material although a material similar to that of the elastic joints could be used when we want to provide the assembly with greater elasticity.

When the block is used to build enclosures, they will be manufactured with internal holes looking for weight loss (except in the case of load-bearing walls or similar where the weight is favorable), without this weakening the lateral perimeter area where the projections and recesses are located , which implies for reasons of "scale effect" necessarily make the pieces from a certain minimum size. A manufacturing technique could be to insert into the blocks very light plastic pieces that will be lost serving as internal formwork.

For the execution of enclosures we will normally use the rectangular or double block, since it allows the alternating or counterbalanced joints to be arranged, with obvious complementary advantages in the joint's locking.

In general, it can be said that it will be proper to use ceramic blocks (brick type but with the shape of the block) for use in building and concrete blocks for use in industrial type constructions.

The "intersection" blocks can be used in various ways: by inserting them in a given enclosure to then remove another perpendicular from there, inserting it in the same way to then attach a buttress of variable width in high-rise enclosures, etc.

For the construction of enclosures, the blocks will be laid together with mortar in the traditional way, trying not to apply them on the elastic sheets of the projections, in case they are used. Those mentioned together must be thicker and deformable in this case to facilitate the installation.

The structural behavior of the enclosures constructed with the constructive system of the invention is very compact in the face of the various acting actions: wind thrust, buckling, etc. In particular, it is especially useful in the face of horizontal forces caused by seismic movements, avoiding also the detachment of material that causes a large part of the accidents in these cases, due to the great work that is achieved between all the blocks.

When the constructive system of the invention is used for the execution of retaining walls, the blocks may be larger and without lightening because in this case the weight is favorable. In the same way that in the enclosures it will be advantageous to use rectangular blocks. Likewise, the use of adjustment parts gives the assembly greater stability and resistance.

Normally, although they will have a good response to irregular loads, facilitating the distribution of these, the resistance offered by the block wall will not be sufficient to counteract the thrust, so that its own geogrid strips will be placed to support the traction of the next way: the wall is constructed by arranging the first course of blocks and flush with earth (or the material in question) and then the strip of geogrid of a certain width is dropped on the wall-ground assembly. The aforementioned strip has reinforced holes in its entire length, designed so that they either enter the projections or surround the entrances of the already placed blocks. Block runs and the corresponding stripes are still placed to face the thrusts acting in each case, with a certain width and frequency. These sheets will be anchored in the blocks and if the wall is intended to move as a result of the thrust it is counteracted by the friction mobilized between the mesh and the ground that is transmitted to the pieces.

The material that will be used in the blocks for retaining walls will be a medium strength concrete.

This type of retaining walls is preferable to arrange it without using mortar and in this way the drainage through the joints is greatly improved and consequently, the important additional water thrust is eliminated. The geogrids - whose density (width of strips and vertical distance between them) in square meters per linear meter of wall depends on each point of the acting earth height - are responsible for ensuring the stability of the whole.

Finally, it can be generalized by saying that the block used in the construction system of the invention (as well as the adjustment piece) that we are dealing with can be manufactured with many materials for as many applications: in concrete with or without the addition of glass fibers ( directly or by joining three sub-blocks with resin), in reinforced concrete or material

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ceramic in varied constructions; in wood to obtain interior flooring (joining three sub-blocks with glue); of marble for solar and to cover facades (joining with resin three sub-blocks); of plastic to create construction games, of rubber, etc. It is also possible to make the manufacture viable with certain procedures and materials by resorting to the execution of "semi-blocks".

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figs. 1 and 2 respectively show an example of a square block with recesses / projections running in accordance with the invention and a pavement constructed using the square blocks of Fig. 1 and the corresponding adjustment pieces.

Figs. 3 and 4 respectively show an example of a hexagonal block with running recesses / projections according to the invention and a pavement constructed using the hexagonal blocks of Fig. 3 and the corresponding adjustment pieces.

Figs. 5 and 6 respectively show an example of a "rectangular" block with runners / projections running according to the invention and a floor constructed using the "rectangular" blocks of Fig. 5 and the corresponding adjustment pieces.

Figs. 7a and 7b show two examples of square blocks with running recesses / projections and which are respectively provided with a recess and an additional projection, which are called square blocks of "intersection", while Fig. 8 shows an enclosure constructed on a pavement using the square blocks of Figs. 1 and 7 and the corresponding adjustment parts.

Figs. 9, 10 and 11 show examples of "semi-blocks", hexagonal and square respectively, all of them with outgoing / incoming runs, appreciating how blocks "a" can be obtained by attaching the "symmetric" semi-blocks "b" and " C".

Figs. 12a and 12b show two views of another particular embodiment of a square block with recesses / projections running with a single flat side face according to the invention.

Figs. 13a and 13b show two examples of "doublets" constructed by the blocks of Figs. 12a and 12b, while Figs. 13c, 13d and 13e show three examples of pavements constructed using said "doublets".

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Some examples of construction systems formed by recessed building blocks (100, 100 ') according to the present invention are described below with reference to the attached figures.

In this document, the terms "height", "width" and "depth" will be used to describe the dimensions of the various projections (105) or recesses (106). The "height" refers to the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the planes of the block bases, the "width" refers to the dimension measured in parallel to the plane of the side face in question, and the "depth" It refers to the measurement according to the direction perpendicular to the plane of the face where the projections or recesses are.

Fig. 1 shows an example of a square block (100) where the upper square face (103) and two of the four rectangular side faces (104) are visible, the lower square face (102) being hidden. Two projections (105) according to the invention are appreciated in the form of a rectangular prism that are centered on alternate faces (104). There is also a recess (106) in the form of a band that runs along the entire lateral face (104), extending its bottom to form the lateral face of the adjacent projections (105). Obviously, outgoing (105) and incoming (106) are complementary, in the sense that they have the same depth and height. However, it can be seen in Fig. 1 that the width of the projections (105) does not coincide with that of the lateral faces (104), but that a dimension equal to twice the depth of the adjacent entrances is reduced.

Fig. 2 represents a pavement constructed using the square blocks (100) with recesses / projections described in Fig. 1: it is observed how the blocks (100) alternate their position, so that after the placement of a row there is a succession side faces (104) respectively with projection (105) and with recess (106). However, since the width of the projections (105) is smaller than the total width of a side face (104), an unoccupied space remains at each corner of the block. To solve this problem when placing the next row, an adjustment piece (AJ) with a straight square-shaped prism that fills that space is used, thereby improving the rigidity and overall behavior of the pavement.

Fig. 3 shows another example of a block (100) of the invention with running recesses / projections that is hexagonal in shape, so that its upper (103) and lower (102) faces are hexagonal and have six rectangular side faces (104) . Three lateral faces (104) have recesses (106) that cover them in all their width and whose height and depth

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coincide with those of the projections (105). The other three alternate lateral faces (104) have projections attached (105) whose lateral faces are an extension of the planes that make up the bottoms of the adjacent entrances (106), and give said projections a truncated wedge shape.

Fig. 4 shows an example of pavement constructed using the hexagonal blocks (100) with runways / outlets described. As in the previous case, it is enough to place one after the other by inserting the projections (105) of a block (100) into the recesses (106) of the adjacent block (100) until a first row is formed. This alignment will show a succession of lateral faces (104) in zig-zag forming an angle between them of 120 ° with projections (105) and recesses (106) in an alternative manner. Thus, introducing a second row of hexagonal blocks (100) in any position will create a "location" in the form of a semi-hexagon delimited by three faces: two faces (104) of pieces of the first row and one face (104 ) of the last block (100) placed in the second row. The placement of a new block (100) is carried out so that half of the block (100) to be placed is assembled in the mentioned half-hexagon. As was the case with the square pieces (100) with running recesses / projections shown in Fig. 1, an adjustment piece (AJ) is used in the form of a triangular base straight prism that fills the gaps that remain at each intersection of three pieces (100) hexagonal.

Fig. 5 shows an example of a "double" (100) or rectangular block, born from the simple unification of two square blocks like those in Fig. 1. The upper face can be seen

(103) rectangular and two of the four rectangular side faces (104), the rectangular lower face (102) being hidden. There are two projections (105) and two recesses (106) equal to those described for the square block (100). Obviously, on the side faces

(104) Shorts are a recess (106) or a protrusion (5), while in the long ones there is a recess (106) and a projection (105) at the same time, the said projection (105) being placed - which has the same width than that located on the short side faces - centered with its corresponding semi-face (a "semi-face" refers to half of a side face corresponding to the long side of this "double" block).

As we can see in Fig. 6, to build a pavement using these rectangular blocks (100) of Fig. 5, simply place one after the other, introducing the projections (105) of a block (100) in the recesses ( 106) of the adjacent block (100) until a first straight row is formed. Next we are placing

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the blocks (100) of the second row alternated or "weighted" in relation to those of the first row, and so on. As was the case with the square blocks (100) provided with runners / runners running, an adjustment piece (AJ) with a square-shaped straight prism is used to fill in the remaining gaps as a result of the fact that the width of the projections (105) is smaller than that of the incoming (106) that correspond to them. The said adjustment piece (AJ) is the same as that used for square blocks with incoming / outgoing runs. With this type of pavement an important complementary resistance is obtained before the appearance of horizontal forces in perpendicular direction to the greater side of the block "double" (100) (normally produced by the braking of heavy vehicles).

The "double" or "rectangular" blocks (100) are perfectly "combinable" with the squares, that is, we can use them at the same time, thus enhancing the possibilities of both.

A floor constructed using any of the configurations of the recessed building block (100) of the invention, whether square, hexagonal, "double", with or without running recesses / projections, has the additional advantage of allowing a less support base to be used demanding than those used today. Specifically, a waterproof sheet placed on the existing esplanade previously compacted and suitable with its own slopes for the drainage of rainwater, crowned by a bed of support - whose thickness must be proportional to the distribution of additional load we need - consisting of aggregate of uniform size (several times greater than the gap left between the blocks). On this base, the pavement is constructed according to the process described above, the blocks (100) being joined from their same placement, no need to seal the joints or subsequent compaction. Rainwater infiltrates between the blocks (100) and is evacuated through the support bed towards its lateral exits.

Figs. 7a and 7b show two examples of square "intersection" blocks (100 ') provided with runners / runners running, which in addition to the projections (105) and recesses (106) described above respectively have a recess (107) or a projection (108) additional arranged on a square face (103) to allow the construction of perpendicular structures joined together.

In Fig. 8 it is shown how if a row of intersection blocks (100 ') like those of Figs. 7a and 7b on a pavement, it is then possible to couple "normal" blocks (100) on that line to lift a wall. Indeed,

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in a previous pavement constructed with "normal" blocks (100) a row of "intersection" blocks (100 ') is included such that there is a row of alternate recesses (107) and alternate projections (108). Next, a row of "normal" blocks (100) is fitted in said inlets (107) and outgoing (108) until forming a perpendicular enclosure to the pavement.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the shape of the polygonal faces (102, 103) in blocks (100) with running recesses / projections corresponds to a regular polygon cut by a plane of symmetry. This is illustrated in Figs. 9, 10 and 11, which respectively show a hexagonal block (100) and two squares cut by two planes of symmetry giving rise to various "semi-blocks". By attaching two "semi-blocks" the shape of a block (100) is obviously obtained, which allows these to be used for the construction of any structure. It must be taken into account that, with certain types of materials, the manufacture of a semi-block may be more viable than that of the complete block (100).

Figs. 12a and 12b show another particular embodiment of a square block (100) provided with running recesses / projections having a flat side face (104 '): in Fig. 12a we see the piece with the flat face (104') below and in Fig. 12b we see it with the flat face (104 ') facing up. In both Figs. the same block (100) is represented, being able to appreciate the aforementioned flat face (104 ') (Fig. 12b), a face (104) with recess (106) in its entire width (Fig. 12b), a face (104) with a projection (105) measuring as the face (104) minus the depth of the adjacent recess (106 ") (Fig. 12a) and a" mixed "face (104") (Fig. 12a) having a projection ( 105 ") and a recess (106") having a width that exceeds that of the projection (105 ") in a dimension equal to the depth of a recess (106, 106").

In this way, two blocks (100) can be joined by necessarily attaching their "mixed" faces (104 ") together, giving rise to what is called a rectangular" doublet ", as shown in Figs. 13a and 13b. With these "doublets" a whole new range of connection possibilities is opened, as can be seen in the three cases illustrated in Figs. 13c, 13d and 13e.

Next, a comparative analysis is carried out between (100) square, "double" and hexagonal blocks used in various structures (pavements, walls and retaining walls), leaving in advance the greatest resistance and joint work obtained thanks to the use of the adjustment parts (AJ).

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When a load perpendicular to the plane of the structure acts on a point, the initial distribution of this will be done according to four semi-axes that start from that point in the square and "double" blocks and according to six in the hexagonal. In this aspect, the distribution is more complete with the hexagonal block (100).

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When a load contained in the plane of the structure acts on a point, the initial distribution of this will be made more advantageously in the "double" and hexagonal blocks (100).

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From the point of view of placement - which is very simple in all three cases - we see that in the (100) square and "double" blocks we are left with straight alignments in the terminations, while in the hexagonal the terminations are indented and It is necessary to use half pieces (from opposite vertex to opposite vertex or from the center of the edge to the center of the opposite edge, as the case may be) to achieve straight alignments at the end. As a consequence, for ease of assembly, the (100) square and "double" blocks should be inclined.

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 The (100) square and "double" blocks have a great constructive advantage since we can use them together, that is, they are combinable.

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 In many cases, the "double" block (100) that allows the arrangement with alternating or "counterbalanced" joints, which further complement the inter-piece interlocking, will be very useful.

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 If aesthetics and ornamental possibilities are considered, the "double" and hexagonal blocks (100) have more possibilities.

On the other hand, if the two types of blocks (100) squares are compared: normal (we will say with 4 unions) and with a flat face (3 unions), there is a whole range of results between the normal ones (figure 2) and the case of those of three unions (figure 13). The blocks

(100) "normal" have 4 joints or 100% of their connected side faces, while those with a flat face have 75% It is clear that it is very important to get the "2D" effect to minimize tensions transmitted. In this fact is the true essence of the patent that concerns us: to maximize the distribution surface of the acting loads by means of embedding and 2D effects to reduce as much as possible the pressures on the support layer.

Although the blocks are preferably designed for use with a small size, in another order of things and precisely because of that possibility of lowering the acting tensions mentioned in the previous paragraph much, we can use the same idea to, for example, have next to the crowning of an embankment a structure of parts of a

5 appropriate size and thickness when the acting loads are very high and variable (for example, produced by heavy traffic). At the end it is achieved that the stresses acting below the aforementioned structure on the entire embankment are much lower.

For ease of manufacturing with certain materials, sometimes you will have to resort to

10 manufacture "semi-blocks" square (Figs. 10 and 11) and hexagonal (Fig. 9) and then simply place them attached or bonded with epoxy resin or similar in the formation of a set. If only attached houses are placed in the structure, the joint work will be less. However, if the "semi-blocks" are joined by resin, the behavior can now be very good due to the considerable increase in tensile strength.

15 In the same way, we can consider that any of the square, hexagonal blocks

or rectangular described can be conveniently generated by attaching three straight prisms, respectively upper, intermediate and lower, and which can be called sub-blocks. Of course, the three sub-blocks would have to be joined with resin or similar, in this case, to reach the shape of the block in question. This system greatly simplifies the

20 manufacturing and like that of the previous paragraph can be used with all types of blocks.

Claims (15)

1. Constructive system formed by recessed building blocks (100, 100 ') in the form of a straight prism whose base is a polygon, which have a lower polygonal face (102), an upper polygonal face (103) and several faces (104) rectangular sides, where at least one side rectangular side (104) comprises a band-shaped recess (106) that runs along all said side face (104), while at least one other face (104) rectangular side of the block comprises a projection (105) that has at least one lateral face that is the extension of the bottom plane of an adjacent recess (106) and that has a length equal to or less than that of said recess (106 ), in such a way that a structure manufactured using said constructive nozzles (100, 100 ') has internal gaps, the system being characterized in that it also comprises adjustment pieces (AJ) that fill said internal gaps in order to increase the resistance of the structure.

2.

Construction system according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment parts (AJ) are elastic to absorb the dilations of the structure.

3.

Construction system according to claim 2, wherein the adjustment parts (AJ) are made of neoprene.

Four.

Construction system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the upper (103) or lower (102) polygonal faces of the block (100 ') comprises an additional projection (108) or recess (107).

5.

Construction system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the polygon constituting the base of the block (100, 100 ') is a square and the adjustment piece (AJ) is in the form of a straight prism with a square base.

6.

Construction system according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the polygon constituting the base of the block (100, 100 ') is a hexagon and the adjustment piece (AJ) is in the form of a straight triangular base prism.

7.

Construction system according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the polygon constituting the base of the block (100, 100 ') is a rectangle and the adjustment piece (AJ) is in the form of a square-shaped straight prism.

8.

Construction system according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the shape of the polygonal faces (102, 103) of the block corresponds to a regular polygon cut by a plane of symmetry.

9.

Construction system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the block (100, 100 ') further comprises a sheet of elastic material arranged on the outer face of the projections (105, 108) or on the bottom of the recesses (106, 107).

10.

Construction system according to claim 9, wherein the sheet of elastic material is made of neoprene.

eleven.

Construction system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the blocks (100, 100 ') are made of concrete, ceramic, wood, marble, rubber or plastic.

12.

Construction system according to claim 11, wherein the concrete comprises glass fibers.

13.

Construction system according to claim 11, wherein the concrete is reinforced.

14.

Construction system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the block (100, 100 ’) is constructed from the union or adhesion of three prismatic sub-blocks superimposed on top of each other.

fifteen.

Construction system according to claim 14, wherein the adhesion of the subblocks is carried out using epoxy resin.