ES2457890A1 - Prefabricated cellular concrete (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Prefabricated cellular concrete is a mixture composed of the following materials: cement, water and foaming or lightening liquid. It is a type of lightweight cellular concrete that focuses its main characteristics on the way of manufacturing since, unlike traditional cellular concrete, is manufactured at the factory that ensures that the mixture is always uniform and homogeneous, which also means an improvement in lightening and in the thermal insulation capacity. It is a product of uniform granulometry of different sizes, shapes and colors, which is in the form of coarse gravel and is supplied in bags. It is a product that extends on the deck or in the area to be filled by pouring it from the sacks and subsequent grazing. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Precast Cellular Concrete

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a lightened cellular concrete of uniform granulometry of different sizes, shapes and colors, which is presented in the form of coarse gravel and is supplied in sacks. It is a product that, unlike traditional cellular concrete, is manufactured at the factory which guarantees that the mixture is always uniform and homogeneous. Also, its presentation in coarse gravel form means an improvement in lightening and thermal insulation capacity. It is a product that extends on the roof or in the area to be filled by pouring from the bags and then flush.

It is an application product mainly in the field of construction, although it can also be used in gardening and decoration.

Background of the invention

Cellular concrete is a material widely used in construction that is defined as a grout of water, cement, air and chemical additive. Its function is to lighten in weight in all types of fillings, especially in slope formations on roofs, with great thermal insulation capacity.

Until now, the usual system for manufacturing cellular concrete was to produce the mixture "in situ", that is, in the work itself. However, there are great disadvantages in the cell manufacturing carried out in the same work, since several factors that affect the final result can occur such as: the lack of electrical power due to excess machinery in the work, the low water flow due to the high consumption of all trades involved in the work or transfers of cellular concrete in the same work.

Undoubtedly, all these factors that can intervene in the work, imply the impossibility of ensuring that the mixture of cellular concrete is uniform and homogeneous, which implies a decrease in quality compared to a prefabricated and factory controlled product.

Description of the invention

The Prefabricated Cellular Concrete that the invention proposes solves in a fully satisfactory way the problem previously stated, in each and every one of the different aspects mentioned.

The Prefabricated Cellular Concrete is made at the factory, with adequate electrical power and with a continuous and sufficient water flow, solving the problems that may arise with the manufacturing "in situ". In this way the mixture is controlled for

The Prefabricated Cellular Concrete is composed of the following materials: cement, water and foaming or lightening liquid.

The proportions of each material will depend on the amount of cement used in the mixture. For example, for 25 kilos of cement, 16 liters of water and 120 or 130 grams of sparkling wine will be necessary, while for 50 kilos of cement, 32 liters of water and 240 or 260 grams of sparkling wine will be necessary.

This composition will be ideal for use as a filler in the formation of earrings.

However, the graduation can be varied according to the usefulness of the product. To use it as a cover finishing gravel, for gardening and decoration you can use more cement or add sand to the mixture to get the most dense and heavy product.

To use it as a filler of any other type you can reduce the amount of cement

or sparkling.

The Prefabricated Cellular Concrete is presented in the form of thick gravel, which creates an air chamber between the pieces and represents an improvement in both lightening and thermal insulation capacity.

In addition to not being a continuous formation and being its presentation in pieces of uniform granulometry, any type of movement caused by dilations is avoided.

The Prefabricated Cellular Concrete is a product composed of pieces of uniform granulometry of several centimeter sizes, which can be presented in different shapes and colors.

The material is supplied in sacks thus avoiding the possible technical, material and human factors that can intervene in the work with the consequent loss of quality

The material is spread on decks or in the area to be easily filled by simple pouring from the sacks and later flush. The dimensions are outlined to give slope formation and eventually it can be crowned with a surface mortar grout that covers the upper 3 or 4 centimeters.

Its bulk density is 20-30 percent lower than other products such as "in situ" cellular concrete and similar to granular materials of expanded clay. This low density makes it possible to make lightened fillings and thanks to the internal gaps between particles it generates an excellent thermal insulating capacity.

Description of the technical characterization report of the product To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a technical report for the characterization of the Prefabricated Cellular Concrete carried out by Laboratories is attached as an integral part of said description. Cemalsa, quality control.

The report includes laboratory tests for characterization of a new concept material that is not regulated by specific regulations. This report includes the previous tests carried out on the light material, characterizing its apparent density, its resistance to compression, as well as the CBR test to verify its resistance to punching, as a support capacity for the passage of point loads.

It is intended to characterize the resulting product through physical tests to determine its apparent density as a fundamental parameter, and its compressive strength and CBR index to verify the ability to pass or to point loads in the filling areas.

In relation to density, a test has been carried out to obtain the density of the material following the manufacturer's instructions on the filling, extended and light compaction process for the formation of slopes.

Thus the prepared material of centimeter grading (3-4 cm) is poured portongated and compacted by a very light tamping. The method used has been the club of the Proctor test with an energy of 90% PN. Thus the resulting product presents a series of gaps between particles, which gives it a lower density than the intrinsic of conventional cellular concrete.

Thus the apparent density (in dry state) of the extended material is: Test tube 1: 435 kg / m3, Test tube 2: 439 kg / m3 and we obtain an average apparent density: 437kg / m3 •

In relation to compressive strength, the material is tested by carving a series of 4x4x4 cm cubic specimens for the performance of a simple compressive strength test. The test standard for this type of product has been the UNE EN 196

1: 1994 that regulates the mechanical resistance of cements and other products such as grouts.

The simple compressive strength obtained are: Test tube 1: 15.1 kg / cm2, Test tube 2:

19.1 kg / cm2 and we obtain an average compressive strength of 17.1kg / cm2

Regarding the resistance of the punching, and the CBR index, since the material is presented as a filling material and has a uniform particle size that gives it a series of holes between particles and that could reduce its support capacity, to determine and characterize the resistance Alpunzonamiento before the passage of people or punctual loads on the fillings, the CBR test is used, designed for soil and granular layers. The test standard is UNE103502: 1995, with the variant that has not been applied to overload or immersion in water.

The results of penetration resistance in the manufactured specimen are shown below: Compaction: 90% PN, Overloads: O, Condition: Dry, CBR Index: 14.3

Finally, the main properties and characteristics of the product are summarized as conclusions, in view of the laboratory test results:

It is a prefabricated product of uniform granulometry of several centimeter sizes, which is poured into the area to be filled by simple pouring and flush.

Its bulk density is 20-30 percent lower than other products such as "in situ" cellular concrete and similar to granular materials of expanded clay. Such a low density is ideal for lightened fillings and thanks to the internal voids between particles an excellent thermal insulating capacity is generated.

The resistance to understanding of the particles is 17 kg / cm3. It is a resistance more than enough for the solicitations that between particles wing that will be seen in the life of the product for the jobs for which it is intended.

Its resistance to punching by CBR test is 14, which is considered adequate. This CBR value means that to penetrate a piston of 5 cm in diameter (point load) in the product only about 2.5 mm, more than 210 kg are necessary. In this sense, a possible finishing of the material with a surface mortar, which exerts a distribution of the charges would further improve this laboratory result carried out as a preliminary study of the product.

The product is presented in different versions in terms of sizes, living or rounded edges and colors, being of similar characteristics in terms of the tests that concern this report.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

The Prefabricated Cellular Concrete, made in accordance with the object of the invention is a mixture composed of the following materials: cement, water and foaming liquid

or lightening.

The mixing is done with a cellular concrete machine or with a mixing machine. Its manufacture is continuous. The mixture is spread on a surface and there are two options to get the finished product: a manual and a mechanical one.

The manual way is that once the mixture has been extended and waiting for the necessary time for the mixture to acquire the appropriate setting point, it will be marked with molds that will have the corresponding shape and size according to the mechanical manufacturing method of the Prefabricated Cellular Concrete is that once the mixture is extended or coupled, it is allowed to dry and harden. It will then be crushed with a mill or with a crushing machine.

Prefabricated Cellular Concrete comes in the form of coarse gravel and is supplied in bags.

Claims (7)

one.

Prefabricated Cellular Concrete, of the type of lightened cellular concrete constituted by a mixture of cement, water and foaming or lightening material, characterized in that it is made at the factory, so that the mixture is controlled so that it is homogeneous and without variation of any kind, getting the final product always the same.

2.

Prefabricated Cellular Concrete, according to claim la, characterized in that the mixing is carried out with a cellular concrete machine or with a mixing machine, subsequently transformed into thick gravel manually or mechanically.

3.

Prefabricated Cellular Concrete, according to all the preceding claims,

characterized in that it is presented in the form of thick gravel and distributed in sacks.

Four.

Prefabricated Cellular Concrete, according to all the preceding claims, characterized by being composed of pieces of uniform grain size of several centimeter sizes, which can be presented in different shapes and colors.

5.

Prefabricated Cellular Concrete, according to all the preceding claims, characterized in that it extends on the roof or in the area to be filled by pouring from the bags and subsequent grounding.

6.

Prefabricated Cellular Concrete, according to all the preceding claims, characterized in that when presented in the form of a thick gravel it creates an air chamber between the pieces and represents an improvement in both lightening and thermal insulation capacity.

7.

Prefabricated Cellular Concrete, according to all the preceding claims, characterized in that its apparent density is 20-30 percent lower than other products such as cellular concrete "in situ" and similar to granular materials of expanded clay allowing lightened fillings.