ES2422873B2 - Automatic anti-icing device for vials - Google Patents

Abstract

Automatic anti-icing device for vials (1), of which are automatically used for the removal or prevention of ice or snow plates on the vials or any type of surface, and comprising a plurality of conductive bands (11, 12) in order to conduct an electric current, a weft of resistive paint activated by moisture for vials (13), with the function of in the presence of moisture behave as an electrical resistance that generates so much heat when being traveled by an electric current, and of an electrical energization system (14), whose mission is to supply the system with electrical energy in addition to protecting and controlling it.

Description

Automatic anti-icing device for vials.

s Object and sector of the technique to which the invention relates

The object of the present invention is to present a new anti-freeze device for vials, both for roads and for sidewalks or other type of surface, which does not use any antifreeze products and is based on a device that fuses

The fully automatic pennite prevention or removal of ice or snow on the vials or any type of surface.

The invention is in the technical sector of civil engineering and more specifically in the field of infrastructure engineering (roads) as well as superstructures

15 (covered), being of special application when a guaranteed antifreeze solution is required automatically, such as in sections of roads with high risk of frost, viaducts, walkways, roundabouts and their incorporation and exit vials, entrances "north "of the tunnels, etc.

20 State of the prior art

Different systems are known for the removal or prevention of ice sheets

or snow on the vials. The best known are based on the distribution of an antifreeze or flux, usually salt or brine made of chloride

25 sodium (NaCl). The brine distribution is done by manual, semi-automatic and automatic systems.

Manual systems focus on the distribution of brine salo using hand tools or vehicles without an automatic dispenser.

30 Semi-automatic systems focus on the distribution of salt or brine by vehicles (snowblowers) equipped with a centrifugal force-based dispenser that produces a rotating disk.

35 Automatic systems focus on the distribution of brine salo by fixed devices equipped with a launch or sprinkler system. There are also other systems that require large investments both economic and time to carry out complex works on the roads.

40 In patent document ES-2333392_BI, entitled "Modular set of compact devices for anti-icing installations", a device for automatically distributing antifreeze, by sprinkling, to the roadway can be found.

In the intemet link http://www.sistemasantillielo.com/es/otrosyroductos.lltm l. There are automatic flux emission systems for viaducts and roads, fixed and mobile, based on a device for automatically distributing antifreeze by sprinklers embedded in the roadway.

Technical problem raised

The prior art systems (we will focus on automatic systems) present a problem that is fundamentally based on the following aspects:

-

They require a high economic investment as well as high maintenance due to the high qualification necessary to maintain fluidic systems, etc .;

-

They have little profitability for both very long sections and for very short sections or specific points of the roads;

-

They cause a negative impact of corrosion both on the metallic elements of the infrastructures and on the vehicles that circulate through them;

-

They cause a negative impact of saline pollution on the environment.

Technical advantage provided by the invention

The device claimed by the invention fully and satisfactorily solves the problem set forth above, in each and every one of the different aspects mentioned.

Brief description of the figures

To complement the description, and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, an integral set of said description is accompanied by a set of figures with an illustrative and non-limiting nature.

Glossary of references

(ID

Vial according to the prior art.

(01)

Left side band.

(02)

Axis or lane separation.

(03)

Right side band.

(04)

Pavement

( one)

Anti-icing device for vials as claimed in the

invention.

(!! l

Left lateral conductive band.

(ll)

Right lateral conductive band.

(! J)

Weft of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials.

CM)

Electric energization system.

(81)

Central Conductive Band

(111)

Dry activated resistive paint band for vials.

(112)

Filled with dry activated resistive paint for vials.

(113)

Bare electrical cable.

S

(131) Resistive paint strip activated by moisture for vials.

(141)

Power, protection and energy control system

electric

(142)

Left insulating electrical cable.

(143)

Right insulating electrical cable.

10

(144) Pavement temperature probe.

Figure 1 (Fig.l) .- shows a plan view of a vial according to the state of the art

previous (O). fifteen

Figure 2 (Fig. 2) .- shows a plan view of the automatic antifreeze device for

vials (1), as claimed in the invention.

Figure 3 (Fig. 3) .- shows a plan view of the weft of resistive paint activated by moisture for vials (13), and in particular an embodiment.

Figure 4 (Fig. 4) .- shows a plan view of the activated resistive paint pattern

by the humidity for vials (13), and in particular another way of execution.

Figure S (Fig. 5) .- shows a cross-sectional view of a lateral conductive band, both left (11) and right (12).

Figure 6 (Fig. 6) .- shows a cross-sectional view of a moisture-activated resistive paint band for vials (131) above, and shows below a 3 O detail in plan of the overlap with the left lateral conductive band ( eleven).

Figure 7 (Fig. 7) .- shows a plan view of the electrical energization system

(14).

35 Figure 8 (Fig. 8) .- shows a perspective view of the anti-icing device for vials

(1) for an application other than roads, in this case being an anti-freeze device for building roofs.

Detailed description of the invention and presentation of a preferred 4 O embodiment of the invention

A preferred embodiment of the invention is described in detail, among the different possible alternatives, by enumerating its components as well as its functional relationship, based on retentions to the figures.

Figure 1 (Fig.l) .- shows a plan view of a vial according to the prior art (O). The floor (04) is appreciated, which is usually bituminous or concrete. You can also see the marks of horizontal signage: band

5 left side (O 1), axis or separation of rails (02) and right side band (03), which are normally constructed based on cold paints, thermoplastics and plastics.

Figure 2 (Fig. 2) .- shows a plan view of the automatic anti-icing device for vials (1), as claimed in the invention. The arrangement of the 10 elements of the device claimed by the invention (1) is shown, and characterized by:

a plurality of conductive bands, preferably two per carriageway, left lateral conductive band (11) and right lateral conductive band 15 (12), whose function is to conduct an electric current, and which consist

of: -a dry activated resistive paint band for vials (111); -a fill of dry activated resistive paint for vials (112); -a bare electrical cable (113);

20 a weft of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13) formed by a plurality of bands of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (131), which will be arranged between said conductive bands, overlapping the ends of the strips of painting with

25 conductive bands for electrical connection, and whose function is that in the presence of moisture the device behaves like an electrical resistance and generates heat when it is traversed by an electric current;

an electrical energization system (14), whose mission is to supply 30 electrical energy to the system, protect and control it, and which consists of:

-

an electrical power supply, protection and control system (141);

-

a left insulating electrical cable (142); 35 -a right insulating electrical cable (143); -a pavement temperature probe (144).

The moisture-activated resistive paint for vials is described in the invention patent application entitled "Electroconductive additives for 4 O paint of road markings", whose owner is the University of La Rioja.

Dry activated resistive paint for vials. It is described in the state of the art.

Figure 3 (Fig. 3) .- shows a plan view of the weft of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13), and in particular an embodiment. The execution is based on a distribution of a single band of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (131), geometrically in zigzag, and in which the variable is the

S width of said band. This form of execution has been chosen to be able to be carried out with a machine equipped with a longitudinal advance movement and a transverse movement of the applicator. The applicator will have the possibility of regulating the bandwidth to be executed.

10 Figure 4 (Fig. 4) .- shows a plan view of the weft of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13), and in particular another embodiment. The execution is based on a distribution of a plurality of bands of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (131), geometrically in zigzag, and in which the variable is the number of bands. This execution form has been chosen, for the same reason

15 which has been commented on in the previous paragraph, providing in this case the applicator for regulating the number of bands to be executed.

Modeling to obtain the parameters of the moisture-activated resistive paint weft for vials (13)

Glossary of variables and parameters

Pavement:

ap (m)

Pavement Width

25 bp (m)

Pavement Length

Sp (m ')

Pavement surface.

Water: h (mm¡ Height of water on the pavement.

30 Va (m) Volume of water on the pavement. Ma (kg) Body of water on the pavement. CLF (kcal / kg) Latent heat of fusion of water to OOC. oC (kcallkg¡ Heat change one degree of water. Qa (kcal / m) Heat needed to contribute to water:

35 -to cause the melting of water (ice).

-

to raise the temperature X oC (water). Band: ab (m) Band width. bb (m) Band length.

40 Sb (m ') Band surface.

Painting: Two (g / m ') Paint dosage. dp (kgll) Density of the paint.

45 Mp (kg) Paint mass.

Vp (m ')

Volume of the paint.

e (m)

Thickness of the paint

p (l1m)

Resistivity of the paint.

R (11)

Paint resistance

5 Q (kcal)

Heat provided by the paint when energized.

t (s)

Energization time

I (A)

Intensity of electric current.

V (V)

Energizing voltage

The model is intended to be used to obtain the parameters of the moisture-activated resistive paint weft for vials (13)

The latent heat is the energy required by an amount of substance to change phase, from solid to liquid (heat of fusion) or from liquid to gas (heat of vaporization), or vice versa (solidification and condensation), although the latter do not in this case, neither do the changes between solid and gas (sublimation and deposition). It should be taken into account that this energy in heat source is invested for the phase change and not for an increase in temperature; therefore, changing from gaseous to liquid and from liquid to solid releases the same amount of energy. For him

2 Or in the case of water the latent heat of fusion at O ° C is 80 kcal / kg and the heat to raise I · C is I kcallkg.

The process modeling has been implemented using a spreadsheet (specifically the Excel ® application). 25 Two cases have been simulated:

Case A: The water on the pavement is freezing at 0 ° C and you want to go to a liquid state by properly energizing the resistive paint.

30 Case B: The water on the pavement is liquid at 0 ° C and its temperature is to be raised to 1 ° C by energizing the resistive paint properly.

35 Case A

The simulation result is included below.

Mp

7 0.5 3.5 2000 1.35 7 5.19E-D3 l, 48E-Q3

P (Om) 2,4Oe02

R (O) Q (kcal) ",,:" ~ ",. '"' f'¡ ;, '- ~ ",>; 2.27E + 02 ¿-S; 6OE + 02 t (s) 3600 I (A) 1.69E + OO V (V) 3.83E + 02

5

For each mm of ice height on the pavement, an energization time of 3600 s (1 h) and a plot surface compared to that of 50% pavement are required, as well as the use of an energizing voltage of 383 V for a pavement width of 7 meters.

Case B

The result of the simulation is included below.

p (O'm) R (O) Q (kcal) t (s) 1 (A) v (V)

1.69E + OO 3.83EtOa

For each mm of water height on the pavement, an energization time of 45.1 s and a plot surface compared to that of the pavement of 50% is required, as well as the use of an energization voltage of 383 V for a width of

15 pavement of 7 meters.

Simulation Conclusions

The use of 383 V, the poles being located at 7 meters, represents a gradient in 20 the pavement of 54.7 V / m, much lower than the maximum admissible of 500 V / m as prescribed by the MIE-RAT_ 13 (Regulation High Voltage RD 3275/1982 AND OM

18. 10. 1984).

It is preferable to raise the temperature of the water one degree in a liquid state than to wait for ice to form to melt; This simulation defines the method of energizing the device that claims the invention and is indicated below.

Automatic energization procedure using the automatic anti-freeze device 5 for vials (/); It is described below by enumeration and description of the steps to be carried out in the order indicated:

Resting stage:

10 Temperature measured by the pavement temperature sensor

(144) greater than 3 · C;

The moisture-activated resistive paint weft for vials is not energized (13); fifteen

Energization stage without heating with dry pavement:

Temperature measured by the pavement temperature sensor

(144) less than or equal to 3 oC;

20 The weft of resistive paint activated by moisture is energized for vials (13), there being no consumption of electric current intensity with the condition of the dry pavement;

25 Energizing stage with heating with wet or wet pavement:

Temperature measured by the pavement temperature sensor

(144) less than or equal to 3 oC;

30 The weft of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13) is energized, with electric current intensity consumption having the condition of the wet or wet pavement;

35 The energization is maintained until the temperature measured by the sensor exceeds 3 ° C, and the rest stage is passed.

Figure S (Fig.S) .- shows a cross-sectional view of a lateral conductive band, both left (11) and right (12). The function of each side band is the

4 Or to conduct an electric current, each one pole, to be able to feed electric energy, that is to say energize, the weft of resistive paint activated by moisture for vials (13), and consist of:

-

a band of dry activated resistive paint for vials (111); 45-a filling of dry activated resistive paint for vials (112); - a bare electric cable (113), preferably annealed copper;

The bare wire (113) will preferably be annealed copper, a cable commonly used for the construction of grounding facilities, and its function is to conduct the electric current with very low electrical losses to feed the weft of moisture-activated resistive paint to vials (13). Said cable will be embedded in a groove made in the pavement, for example with a machine with radial disc, and the slot hollow will be filled by a filling of dry activated resistive paint for vials (112) which will be in contact in its upper part with a band of dry activated resistive paint for vials (111). The depth of the cable in the pavement will be chosen properly so that when doing the maintenance work of the finne (scratching the bituminous layer) it will not be damaged. The cable will therefore have a good electrical connection along its entire length with said band. It is interesting that the band and especially the filling are covered with resistive paint that has dry conductive properties and of course wet or wet. The reason is that the filling is interested in having a volumetric conductivity, whose interior will always be dry. The band will have a surface conductivity but has to drive both the upper and the lower face, the lower face being in a dry state. The weft of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13) when painted on the pavement will overlap at all ends with the conductive bands (11, 12) so that they have an electrical connection and admit the energized. The graphic detail of this connection is shown in Figure 6 (Fig. 6).

Figure 6 (Fig. 6) .- shows a cross-sectional view of a moisture-activated resistive paint band for vials (131) above, and below shows a planar detail of the overlap with the left lateral conductive band (11) . The lateral conductive bands (11, 12) feed the bands (131) of the moisture-activated resistive paint weft for vials (13) with electrical energy.

Figure 7 (Fig. 7) .- shows a plan view of the electrical energization system (14), whose mission is to supply the system with electrical energy, as well as protect and control it, and which consists of:

-a power, protection and control system for electrical energy (141); -a left insulating electrical cable (142); -a right insulating electrical cable (143); -a pavement temperature sensor (144).

The power supply, protection and control system of electrical energy (141) will be formed by an electrical energy collection system, which may be based on renewable energies (photovoltaic solar, wind solar, etc.) Or the electricity grid, it will also have of a programmable logic controller (PLC) that will implement the procedure claimed in the invention and will carry conventional protection elements (circuit breakers, differential switches, etc.), as well as a contact or contactors for the automatic energization of the system.

The left insulated electrical cable (142), and right (143), will be an insulated cable type

5 RZI-K 0.6 / 1 kV or similar. It will be embedded in the pavement analogously to the bare electric cable (113), but no conductive filling will be available. The depth of the cable in the pavement will be chosen properly so that when doing the work of maintenance of the firm (scratching of the bituminous layer) it is not damaged.

10 The pavement temperature sensor (144) will be those normally used for these tasks and will not be covered with resistive paint in a suitable space so as not to distort the measurement, the normally bituminous pavement being a poor conductor of heat so it will not transmit heat of the resistive paint weft when it is heated.

15 Figure 8 (Fig. 8) .- shows a perspective view of the automatic anti-icing device for vials (1) in another application other than vials, in this case constituting both an anti-icing device for building roofs and an anti-snow device for roof covers. buildings The function of preventing the accumulation of snow on a roof of a building is very interesting because it avoids the mechanical overload of the building.

2 O weight of the snow layer. Snow overload on a covered surface is the weight of snow that, in the most unfavorable climatic conditions, can accumulate on it. Knowing the height of the snow cover, and its density, you can calculate the weight of it for each square meter. The density of the snow is very variable according to the circumstances, with indicative values such as the following:

2S-freshly fallen snow: 120 kglrn3

-

Pressed or soaked snow: 200 kg / rn3

3 O-snow mixed with hail: 400 kglm3

Claims (4)

l. Automatic anti-icing device for vials (1), of which are used S automatic way for the elimination or prevention of ice or snow plates on the vials or any type of surface, and which is characterized by: a plurality of conductive bands, preferably two per carriageway, 10 left side conductive band (11) and right side conductive band (12), whose function is to conduct an electric current, and which consist of: - a dry activated resistive paint band for vials (111); -a fill of dry activated resistive paint for vials (112); 15-a bare electric cable (113); a weft of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13) formed by a plurality of bands of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13 1), which will be arranged between said strips 2 Or conductive, overlapping the ends with them to make electrical connection, and whose function is, in the presence of moisture, behave as an electrical resistance and generate heat when it is traveled by an electric current; 25 an electrical energization system (14), whose mission is to supply the system with electrical energy, protect and control it, and which consists of: -a power, protection and control system for electrical energy (141); -a left insulating electrical cable (142); 30 -a right insulating electrical cable (143); -a pavement temperature probe (144). 2. Automatic anti-icing device for vials (1), according to claim I characterized in that the weft of resistive paint activated by moisture 35 for vials (13) runs geometrically in zigzag, and in which the variable is the width of the moisture-activated resistive paint band for vials (131). 3. Automatic anti-icing device for vials (1) according to claim 1 4 Or charaded because the weft of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13) runs geometrically in zigzag, and in which the variable is the number of bands of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (131). 4. Automatic energization method using the automatic anti-icing device for vials (1) according to claim I characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Resting stage: Temperature measured by the pavement temperature sensor (144) greater than 3 oC; The moisture-activated resistive paint weft for vials is not energized (13); Energization stage without heating with dry pavement: Temperature measured by the pavement temperature sensor (144) less than or equal to 3 oC; The weave of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13) is energized, there being no consumption of electric current intensity with the condition of the dry pavement; Energizing stage with wet or wet pavement heating: Temperature measured by the pavement temperature sensor (144) less than or equal to 3 oC; The weave of moisture-activated resistive paint for vials (13) is energized, with electric current intensity consumption having the state of the wet or wet pavement; The energization is maintained until the temperature measured by the sensor exceeds 3 ° C, and it is passed to the resting stage.