ES2416832B1 - SYSTEM OF CALCE TO TRANSMIT THE LOADS OF A FORMWORK TO THE GROUND. - Google Patents
SYSTEM OF CALCE TO TRANSMIT THE LOADS OF A FORMWORK TO THE GROUND. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2416832B1 ES2416832B1 ES201132129A ES201132129A ES2416832B1 ES 2416832 B1 ES2416832 B1 ES 2416832B1 ES 201132129 A ES201132129 A ES 201132129A ES 201132129 A ES201132129 A ES 201132129A ES 2416832 B1 ES2416832 B1 ES 2416832B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- foot
- bar
- transmission
- load transmission
- formwork
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/001—Corner fastening or connecting means for forming or stiffening elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/06—Tying means; Spacers ; Devices for extracting or inserting wall ties
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/06—Tying means; Spacers ; Devices for extracting or inserting wall ties
- E04G17/065—Tying means, the tensional elements of which are threaded to enable their fastening or tensioning
- E04G17/0655—Tying means, the tensional elements of which are threaded to enable their fastening or tensioning the element consisting of several parts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/14—Bracing or strutting arrangements for formwalls; Devices for aligning forms
Abstract
El sistema de calce para transmisión de cargas de un encofrado al terreno comprende, al menos, una barra para transmisión de carga vertical (2), solidaria al soporte (3), un pie (1), al menos una barra para transmisión de carga horizontal (5), y una barra perforada (6). Estando el soporte (3) fijado al hastial del encofrado, la barra para transmisión de carga vertical (2) transmite al pie (1) la carga vertical del encofrado y a través de la zona inferior del pie (1?) a la zapata (8). Y mediante, al menos una barra para transmisión de carga horizontal (5), fijada a la zona inferior (1?) del pie (1) y a la barra perforada, se transmite a la zapata (8) a través de la barra perforada (6) la carga horizontal del encofrado, estando la barra perforada (6) embebida en la zapata (8) de la sección de hormigón.The shoring system for transmission of loads from a formwork to the ground comprises at least one bar for vertical load transmission (2), integral with the support (3), one foot (1), at least one bar for load transmission horizontal (5), and a perforated bar (6). With the support (3) attached to the formwork gable, the vertical load transmission bar (2) transmits the vertical formwork load to the foot (1) and through the lower part of the foot (1?) To the shoe (8) ). And by means of at least one bar for horizontal load transmission (5), fixed to the lower area (1?) Of the foot (1) and to the perforated bar, it is transmitted to the shoe (8) through the perforated bar ( 6) the horizontal load of the formwork, the perforated bar (6) being embedded in the shoe (8) of the concrete section.
Description
Objeto de la Invención La presente invención se refiere a un sistema de calce para la base de un encofrado. El sistema de calce se encarga de transmitir a la base de una sección hormigonada las cargas que se generan durante el hormigo nado de un revestimiento en túneles realizados en mjna. Object of the Invention The present invention relates to a fit system for the base of a formwork. The shim system is responsible for transmitting to the base of a concrete section the loads that are generated during the ant swimming of a lining in tunnels made in mjna.
En general la invención es aplicable para los encofrados de túneles realizados en mina en el ámbito de la obra civil, especialmente en el ámbito de la ejecución de túneles. In general, the invention is applicable to tunnel formwork made in a mine in the field of civil works, especially in the field of tunnel execution.
Problema técnico a resolver Durante la construcción de un túnel se ejecutan diferentes fases bien diferenciadas y que se ejecutan según un orden, de manera que unas fases se van ejecutando después de otras, apoyándose las fases posteriores en los trabajos realizados previamente. El orden de ejecución de las diferentes fases se sigue de forma precisa y estricta durante la ejecución del túnel para que la construcción se realice con seguridad y en plazo. Technical problem to be solved During the construction of a tunnel, different well differentiated phases are executed and executed according to an order, so that some phases are executed after others, with the subsequent phases being supported in the work previously carried out. The order of execution of the different phases is followed precisely and strictly during the execution of the tunnel so that the construction is carried out safely and on time.
La primera fase de la construcción es la excavación en destroza de la sección del túnel , con la ejecución de la parte inferior de la sección (la contrabóveda) en primer lugar, y a continuación en la segunda fase realizar los laterales (hastiales) y la parte superior (bóveda) de la sección, que se ejecutan de manera conjunta. The first phase of the construction is the excavation of the tunnel section, with the execution of the lower part of the section (the counter-vault) in the first place, and then in the second phase, the sides (gables) and the part top (vault) of the section, which are executed jointly.
Para la realización de la bóveda y los hastiales se emplea un encofrado que se encarga de mantener la forma que tiene la sección del túnel, y que durante el hormigonado de esa sección tiene que soportar las cargas generadas por el peso del hormigón líquido y transmitirlas a una parte de la primera fase que tenga capacidad para soportar dichas cargas. For the realization of the vault and the gables a formwork is used that is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tunnel section, and that during the concreting of that section has to support the loads generated by the weight of the liquid concrete and transmit them to a part of the first phase that has the capacity to support said loads.
En la actualidad existen multitud de elementos que forman parte de los encofrados que se emplean para la ejecución de túneles, que son los encargados de la transmisión de los esfuerzos generados por el hormigón cuando es vertido. Estos elementos que transmiten esfuerzos lo hacen apoyándose en elementos longitudinales, con complejos sistemas que no se pueden adaptar a irregularidades del terreno o de la zapata. Currently there are many elements that are part of the formwork used for the execution of tunnels, which are responsible for the transmission of the efforts generated by the concrete when it is poured. These elements that transmit efforts do so based on longitudinal elements, with complex systems that cannot be adapted to irregularities of the ground or of the shoe.
El objeto de la invención es proponer un elemento sencillo. de fácil manejo y colocación, que realiza apoyos puntuales para la transmisión de esfuerzos. por lo que se puede adaptar en dicha transmisión a irregularidades del terreno o zapata donde los esfuerzos son transmitidos. The object of the invention is to propose a simple element. Easy handling and placement, which makes specific supports for the transmission of efforts. so it can be adapted in said transmission to irregularities of the ground or shoe where the efforts are transmitted.
Descripción de la invención Para evitar los inconvenientes indicados y lograr los objetivos anteriormente mencionados, la invención consiste en un sistema de calce para la transmisión de cargas de un encofrado al terreno, que realiza el apoyo en sitios puntuales y se puede adaptar a irregularidades del terreno sobre el que se apoya. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION To avoid the aforementioned inconveniences and achieve the aforementioned objectives, the invention consists of a wedge system for the transmission of loads from a formwork to the ground, which performs support at specific sites and can be adapted to irregularities of the terrain on which it rests.
El elemento del sistema de calce para transmisión de cargas de un encofrado al terreno comprende, en la transmisión de cargas verticales, un soporte, una barra de transmisión de carga vertical roscada, una tuerca y un pie. The element of the shim system for transmission of loads from a formwork to the ground comprises, in the transmission of vertical loads, a support, a threaded vertical load transmission bar, a nut and a foot.
El pie a su vez comprende una pletina en la parte superior que tiene una perforación, y un cambio de sección en la zona inferior. The foot in turn comprises a plate in the upper part that has a perforation, and a change of section in the lower area.
En la transmisión de esfuerzos verticales a la zapata de la sección de hormigón, la barra de transmisión de carga vertical es solidaria al soporte, estando el soporte fijado a un hastíal del encofrado. Se impide el movimiento relativo entre el pie y el soporte introduciendo por la perforación de la pletina que tiene el pie la barra de transmisión de carga vertical y roscando la tuerca por el extremo superior de la barra de transmisión de carga vertical, consiguiendo de esta manera la transmisión de los esfuerzos generados en el encofrado al suelo. In the transmission of vertical stresses to the footing of the concrete section, the vertical load transmission bar is integral with the support, the support being fixed to a casing of the formwork. The relative movement between the foot and the support is prevented by introducing the vertical load transmission bar by drilling the foot plate and threading the nut by the upper end of the vertical load transmission bar, thereby achieving the transmission of the stresses generated in the formwork to the ground.
La zona inferior del pie cambia de sección, teniendo dos secciones diferentes según dos realizaciones del objeto de la invención. The lower part of the foot changes section, having two different sections according to two embodiments of the object of the invention.
En la transmisión de esfuerzos horizontales a la zapata de la sección de hormigón, según una primera realización en la que la zona inferior del pie tiene sección circular, el sistema de calce comprende dos barras de transmisión de carga horizontal, paralelas entre sí, la propia zona inferior del pie de sección circular, dos abrazaderas, una barra perforada, y al menos dos tuercas por cada barra de transmisión de carga horizontal. In the transmission of horizontal stresses to the concrete section shoe, according to a first embodiment in which the lower part of the foot has a circular section, the shim system comprises two horizontal load bars, parallel to each other, the same lower part of the circular section foot, two clamps, a perforated bar, and at least two nuts for each horizontal load transmission bar.
Se deja embebida la barra perforada en la zapata de la sección de hormigón y se coloca una abrazadera sobre la zona inferior del pie abrazandola por el exterior, la otra abrazadera se emplaza sobre la barra perforada uniendo las dos abrazaderas mediante las barras de transmisión de carga horizontal ·y las tuercas introducidas por los extremos de cada barra de transmisión de carga horizontal. The perforated bar is left embedded in the shoe of the concrete section and a clamp is placed on the bottom of the foot hugging it from the outside, the other clamp is placed on the perforated bar joining the two clamps by means of the load transmission bars horizontal · and the nuts introduced by the ends of each horizontal load transmission bar.
En la transmisión de esfuerzos horizontales a la zapata de la sección de hormigón, según una segunda realización en la que la zona inferior del pie tiene sección cuadrada hueca, el sistema de calce comprende una barra de transmisión de carga horizontal, una zona inferior del pie de sección cuadrada hueca en su interior con una escotadura para el paso de la barra, una placa de asiento, una tuerca calota, una barra perforada, con un hueco pasante, y una tuerca. In the transmission of horizontal stresses to the concrete section shoe, according to a second embodiment in which the lower part of the foot has a hollow square section, the shim system comprises a horizontal load transmission bar, a lower area of the foot with a hollow square section inside with a recess for the passage of the bar, a seat plate, a shell nut, a perforated bar, with a through hole, and a nut.
La zona inferior del pie, en esta segunda realización, como ya se ha mencionado, tiene una sección cuadrada hueca y en dos paredes de dicha sección se encuentra una escotadura, a través de la cual pasa la barra de transmisión de carga horizontal. The lower part of the foot, in this second embodiment, as already mentioned, has a hollow square section and on two walls of said section there is a recess, through which the horizontal load transmission bar passes.
Se introduce la barra de transmisión de carga horizontal a través del hueco pasante de la barra perforada y en la escotadura de la zona inferior del pie. Se coloca la placa de asiento sobre la zona inferior del pie y la tuerca calota sobre la placa de asiento, de manera que se fija la posición relativa de la zona inferior del pie respecto a la barra perforada mediante la introducción de una tuerca en el extremo de la barra de transmisión de carga horizontal que se corresponde con la barra perforada e introduciendo la tuerca calota sobre la placa de asiento en el otro extremo de la barra de transmisión de carga horizontal. The horizontal load transmission bar is introduced through the through hole of the perforated bar and in the recess in the lower area of the foot. The seat plate is placed on the lower area of the foot and the shell nut on the seat plate, so that the relative position of the lower area of the foot relative to the perforated bar is fixed by introducing a nut at the end of the horizontal load transmission bar that corresponds to the perforated bar and introducing the shell nut onto the seat plate at the other end of the horizontal load transmission bar.
Cuando el sistema se emplea para el trazado de túneles en curva, en la transmisión de carga horizontal, en la parte exterior de la curva, se emplea una pieza especial, que constituye una tercera realización de la invención, que está compuesta por dos barras perforadas, dos perfiles metálicos enfrentados solidarios entre sí que configuran una viga, dos abrazaderas, dos barras de transmisión de carga horizontal y dos tuercas; las dos barras perforadas, que se han dejado embebidas en la zapata de la sección de hormigón, están fijadas a la viga formada por los dos perfiles metálicos; la viga incorpora en un extremo dos abrazaderas enfrentadas y unidas entre si por medio de las barras de transmisión de carga horizontal. las abrazaderas unidas deslizan a lo largo de un tramo final de viga, situando entre las abrazaderas la parte inferior del pie y limitando el movimiento relativo entre abrazaderas roscando las tuercas en las barras de transmisión de carga horizontal. When the system is used for plotting curved tunnels, in the horizontal load transmission, on the outside of the curve, a special part is used, which constitutes a third embodiment of the invention, which is composed of two perforated bars. , two metal profiles facing each other integral with one beam, two clamps, two horizontal load transmission bars and two nuts; the two perforated bars, which have been embedded in the concrete section shoe, are fixed to the beam formed by the two metal profiles; The beam incorporates at one end two clamps facing and joined together by means of the horizontal load transmission bars. the attached clamps slide along a final beam section, placing the bottom of the foot between the clamps and limiting the relative movement between clamps by threading the nuts on the horizontal load transmission bars.
Descripción de las figuras Para completar la descripción y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del dispositivo, se acompaña a esta memoria descriptiva un conjunto de figuras en donde, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: Description of the figures To complete the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the device, this set of figures is accompanied by a set of figures where, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
La figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva de una sección de hormigón de un túnel con una primera realización del sistema de calce objeto de la invención emplazado en su lugar de empleo. Figure 1 is a perspective view of a concrete section of a tunnel with a first embodiment of the shim system object of the invention located in its place of use.
La figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva del sistema de calce de la figura 1. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the fit system of Figure 1.
La figura 3 es una vista frontal del sistema de calce según una primera realización. Figure 3 is a front view of the shim system according to a first embodiment.
La figura 4 es una vista en perspectiva explosionada del sistema de calce de la figura 1. Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the shim system of Figure 1.
La figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva de una segunda realización del sistema de calce objeto de la invención. Figure 5 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the fit system object of the invention.
La figura 6 es una vista en perspectiva explosionada del sistema de calce de la figura 5. Figure 6 is an exploded perspective view of the shim system of Figure 5.
La figura 7 es una vista en perspectiva del sistema de calce en la realización que se emplea para la transmisión de esfuerzos horizontales en la parte exterior del túnel en tramos en curva. Figure 7 is a perspective view of the shim system in the embodiment that is used for the transmission of horizontal stresses on the outside of the tunnel in curved sections.
A continuación se proporciona una lista de los distintos elementos representados en las Below is a list of the various elements represented in the
figuras que integran la invención: 1.-pie, 1'.-zona inferior del pie, 2.-barra de transmisión de carga vertical, 3.-soporte, 4.-abrazadera, 5.-barra de transmisión de carga horizontal, 6.-barra perforada, figures that integrate the invention: 1.-foot, 1 '.- lower foot area, 2.-vertical load transmission bar, 3.-support, 4.-clamp, 5.-horizontal load transmission bar, 6.-perforated bar,
7.-hastial, 8.-zapata, 9.-pletina, 10.-perforación, 11 .-tuerca, 13.-placa de asiento, 14.-tuerca calota, 15.-escotadura, 16.-hueco pasante, 17.-tornillo, 18.-perfil metálico, 19.-viga. 7.-gable, 8.-shoe, 9.-plate, 10.-drilling, 11.-nut, 13.-seat plate, 14.-shell nut, 15.-recess, 16.-through hole, 17.-screw, 18.-metal profile, 19.-beam.
Descripción detallada de la invención Como se puede observar en la figura 1, la invención divulga un sistema que se coloca en la base del encofrado del revestimiento de un túnel que se está ejecutando bajo el procedimiento de túnel en mina, y que transmite las cargas que se generan durante el hormigonado de la segunda fase de la sección del túnel a la primera fase, que en el procedimiento de construcción en mina se encuentra ya ejecutada. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As can be seen in Figure 1, the invention discloses a system that is placed at the base of the casing of a tunnel lining that is being executed under the mine tunnel procedure, and that transmits the loads that they are generated during the concreting of the second phase of the tunnel section to the first phase, which is already executed in the mine construction procedure.
El objeto de la invención comprende un pie (1) telescópico, que se encarga de la transmisión de esfuerzos verticales a la zapata (8) y, junto con al menos una barra de transmisión de carga horizontal (5) y una barra perforada (6), de la transmisión de esfuerzos horizontales a la misma zapata (8). The object of the invention comprises a telescopic foot (1), which is responsible for the transmission of vertical forces to the shoe (8) and, together with at least one horizontal load transmission bar (5) and a perforated bar (6 ), from the transmission of horizontal stresses to the same shoe (8).
El encofrado de la segunda fase del túnel, la que constituye los hastiales (7) está formado por una serie de costillas, que se unen por el interior, y por el exterior por una superficie lisa sobre la que se realiza el hormigonado. The formwork of the second phase of the tunnel, which constitutes the gables (7) is formed by a series of ribs, which are joined by the inside, and by the outside by a smooth surface on which the concreting is performed.
El objeto de la invención tiene dos realizaciones alternativas que se emplean para la construcción de tramos rectos de túneles, y una tercera realización adicional, compatible con las dos primeras. que se emplea para la ejecución de tramos curvos de túneles. The object of the invention has two alternative embodiments that are used for the construction of straight sections of tunnels, and a third additional embodiment, compatible with the first two. which is used for the execution of curved sections of tunnels.
En los tramos rectos la transmisión de esfuerzos se realiza mediante apoyos puntuales, en piezas individuales, y en la realización que se emplea para la ejecución de tramos curvos el apoyo para la transmisión de esfuerzos se realiza en dos puntos. In the straight sections, the transmission of efforts is carried out by means of specific supports, in individual parts, and in the realization that is used for the execution of curved sections, the support for the transmission of efforts is carried out at two points.
Para la transmisión de esfuerzos verticales, cada pieza individual cuenta con un soporte (3), por cuyo interior se desplaza un pie (1) de sección cuadrada, y cuya sección varía en la zona inferior (1') del pie (1). La zona inferior (1') del pie (1), es la zona del pie (1) sobre la que se produce el apoyo en el suelo o en la zapata (8) de la sección de hormigón y, consecuentemente, la que transmite los esfuerzos verticales a ese suelo o zapata (8). El soporte (3) incorpora una barra de transmisión de carga vertical (2) fijada al soporte (3). La barra de transmisión de carga vertical (2) está roscada al menos en su parte superior. Asimismo el pie (1) cuenta con una pletina (9) con una perforación (10) en su parte superior. Por la perforación (10) de la pletina (9) se introduce la barra de transmisión de carga vertical For the transmission of vertical forces, each individual piece has a support (3), through which a foot (1) of square section moves, and whose section varies in the lower area (1 ') of the foot (1). The lower area (1 ') of the foot (1), is the area of the foot (1) on which the support occurs on the ground or in the shoe (8) of the concrete section and, consequently, the one that transmits the vertical stresses to that ground or shoe (8). The support (3) incorporates a vertical load transmission bar (2) fixed to the support (3). The vertical load transmission bar (2) is threaded at least in its upper part. Also the foot (1) has a plate (9) with a perforation (10) in its upper part. The vertical load transmission bar is inserted through the perforation (10) of the plate (9)
(2) fijada al soporte (3), y sobre la zona roscada de la mencionada barra de transmisión de carga vertical (2) se introduce una tuerca (11 ) que impide el movimiento del pie (1) respecto al soporte (3). (2) fixed to the support (3), and on the threaded area of the mentioned vertical load transmission bar (2) a nut (11) is introduced that prevents the movement of the foot (1) with respect to the support (3).
La invención se fija a las costillas del encofrado del hastial (7) bien mediante unos tornillos The invention is fixed to the ribs of the gable formwork (7) either by means of screws
(17) que van incorporados en el soporte (3), bien por medio de una unión soldada. Con dicha unión se limita el movimiento del pie (1) respecto al soporte (3), los esfuerzos verticales que el soporte (3) recibe los transmite al pie (1) a traves de la barra de transmisión de carga vertical (2) y el pie (1) los transmite a la zapata (8) de hormigón de la sección del túnel. (17) which are incorporated in the support (3), either by means of a welded joint. With said joint, the movement of the foot (1) with respect to the support (3) is limited, the vertical forces that the support (3) receives are transmitted to the foot (1) through the vertical load transmission bar (2) and the foot (1) transmits them to the concrete shoe (8) of the tunnel section.
Para la transmisión de esfuerzos horizontales la invención cuenta con dos realizaciones diferentes, si bien el funcionamiento es muy similar en las dos realizaciones. En la zona inferior del pie (1 '), se coloca un elemento que transmita el esfuerzo horizontal que se genera en el encofrado del hastial (7) del túnel (dos variaciones del elemento que transmite el esfuerzo horizontal generan dos realizaciones de la invención, que a continuación de exponen). Dicho esfuerzo se transmite a una barra perforada (6) que, previamente se ha dejado embebida en la zapata (8) de hormigón de la sección del túnel. For the transmission of horizontal stresses the invention has two different embodiments, although the operation is very similar in the two embodiments. In the lower area of the foot (1 '), an element is placed that transmits the horizontal stress that is generated in the formwork of the gable (7) of the tunnel (two variations of the element that transmits the horizontal stress generate two embodiments of the invention, which are set out below). This effort is transmitted to a perforated bar (6) that, previously, has been left embedded in the concrete shoe (8) of the tunnel section.
En una primera realización, (observable en las figura 3 y 4) el esfuerzo horizontal se transmite a través de dos barras de transmisión de carga horizontal (5), que se colocan, en paralelo una a otra, a los dos lados de la zona inferior del pie (1'), que en esta realización tiene sección circular. En un extremo de las barras de transmisión de carga horizontal (5) se coloca una abrazadera (4), que une las dos barras de transmisión de carga horizontal (5) y se apoya en la parte del pie (1) que tiene sección circular (1'), y, en el otro extremo de las barras de transmisión de carga horizontal (5), se coloca otra abrazadera (4) que se apoya en la barra perforada (6) que se ha dejado embebida en la zapata (8) de hormigón. In a first embodiment, (observable in Figures 3 and 4) the horizontal effort is transmitted through two horizontal load transmission bars (5), which are placed, parallel to each other, on both sides of the area bottom of the foot (1 '), which in this embodiment has a circular section. At one end of the horizontal load transmission bars (5) a clamp (4) is placed, which joins the two horizontal load transmission bars (5) and rests on the part of the foot (1) that has a circular section (1 '), and, at the other end of the horizontal load transmission bars (5), another clamp (4) is placed that rests on the perforated bar (6) that has been left embedded in the shoe (8 ) of concrete.
En cada barra de transmisión de carga horizontal (5), por el exterior de las abrazaderas (4), se introducen dos tuercas(11), una por extremo, de manera que las abrazaderas (4) fijan el pie (1) y la barra perforada (6) y. a través de las barras de transmisión de carga horizontal In each horizontal load transmission bar (5), on the outside of the clamps (4), two nuts (11) are introduced, one per end, so that the clamps (4) fix the foot (1) and the perforated bar (6) and. through horizontal load transmission bars
(5) se transmite el esfuerzo horizontal generado en el hastial (7) del túnel hasta la barra perforada (6), que se encuentra en la zapata (8) de hormigón de la sección del túnel. (5) the horizontal stress generated in the gable (7) of the tunnel is transmitted to the perforated bar (6), which is located in the concrete shoe (8) of the tunnel section.
En una segunda realización, (observable en las figura 5 y 6) el esfuerzo horizontal se transmite a través de una única barra de transmisión de carga horizontal (5), que pasa por el centro de la zona inferior (1 ') del pie (1), a través de una escotadura (15) Y por la barra perforada (6), habiendo realizado un hueco pasante (16) en la citada barra perforada (6). La zona inferior del pie (1 '), en esta realización tiene una sección hueca de forma cuadrada. In a second embodiment, (observable in Figures 5 and 6) the horizontal effort is transmitted through a single horizontal load transmission bar (5), which passes through the center of the lower area (1 ') of the foot ( 1), through a recess (15) And by the perforated bar (6), having made a through hole (16) in said perforated bar (6). The lower part of the foot (1 '), in this embodiment has a hollow section of square shape.
Por un extremo de la barra de transmisión de carga horizontal (5), en concreto por el extremo que se corresponde con la barra perforada (6) se introduce una tuerca (11 ) que apoya sobre la barra perforada (6), y por el extremo que se corresponde con el pie (1), se introduce una placa de asiento (13) y una tuerca calota (14), de manera que la placa de asiento apoya en el mencionado pie (1). At one end of the horizontal load transmission bar (5), specifically at the end that corresponds to the perforated bar (6), a nut (11) is inserted, which rests on the perforated bar (6), and by the end that corresponds to the foot (1), a seat plate (13) and a shell nut (14) are introduced, so that the seat plate rests on said foot (1).
La forma curva de la tuerca calota (14) y de su asiento en la cavidad de la placa (13) permite pequeñas desalineaciones entre la barra de transmisión de carga horizontal (5) y la perpendicular de la placa de asiento (13). La realización primera también permite desalineaciones, debido a la sección redonda de la zona inferior del pie (1 '), la barra perforada (6) y las abrazaderas (4). The curved shape of the shell nut (14) and its seat in the plate cavity (13) allows small misalignments between the horizontal load transmission bar (5) and the perpendicular of the seat plate (13). The first embodiment also allows misalignment, due to the round section of the lower foot area (1 '), the perforated bar (6) and the clamps (4).
Estos elementos antes descritos en las dos realizaciones diferentes expuestas, se colocan alineados para la ejecución de tramos rectos de túnel. These elements described above in the two different embodiments set forth are placed aligned for the execution of straight tunnel sections.
Para la ejecución de tramos curvos, existe una tercera realización (observable en la figura 7), que se coloca en el lado exterior de la curva a ejecutar. La invención está formada por dos barras perforadas (6), unidas entre sí a través de dos perfiles metálicos (18). Los dos perfiles metálicos (18) están enfrentados y fijados entre si formando una viga (19) hueca. En un extremo de la viga (19) formada por los perfiles metálicos (18) se encuentra una primera abrazadera (4) deslizante en un tramo entre los perfiles metálicos (18). Enfrentada a la primera abrazadera (4) se encuentra una segunda abrazadera (4) que se une a la primera a través de dos barras de transmisión de carga horizontal (5), estando limitado el movimiento relativo entre las abrazaderas (4) mediante dos tuercas (11)que se colocan en el extremo de las barras de transmisión de carga horizontal (5). Entre las dos abrazaderas (4) se introduce la zona inferior (1 ') del pie (1), que en esta realización tiene sección circular. For the execution of curved sections, there is a third embodiment (observable in Figure 7), which is placed on the outer side of the curve to be executed. The invention is formed by two perforated bars (6), joined together by two metal profiles (18). The two metal profiles (18) are facing and fixed together forming a hollow beam (19). At one end of the beam (19) formed by the metal profiles (18) there is a first sliding clamp (4) in a section between the metal profiles (18). Faced with the first clamp (4) is a second clamp (4) that joins the first through two horizontal load transmission bars (5), the relative movement between the clamps (4) being limited by two nuts (11) which are placed at the end of the horizontal load transmission bars (5). Between the two clamps (4) the lower area (1 ') of the foot (1) is introduced, which in this embodiment has a circular section.
La invención no debe verse limitada a la realización particular descrita en este documento. Expertos en la materia pueden desarrollar otras realizaciones a la vista de la descripción aquí realizada. En consecuencia, el alcance de la invención se define por las siguientes reivindicaciones. The invention should not be limited to the particular embodiment described herein. Experts in the field can develop other embodiments in view of the description made here. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.
Claims (5)
- 2. 2.
- Sistema de calce para transmisión de cargas de un encofrado al terreno según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado por que en la zona inferior (1 ') del pie (1) se produce un cambio en la sección del pie (1), siendo la sección de la zona inferior (1 ') de forma circular. Fitting system for transmission of loads from a formwork to the ground according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower area (1 ') of the foot (1) there is a change in the section of the foot (1), the section being the lower zone (1 ') of circular shape.
- 3. 3.
- Sistema de calce para transmisión de cargas de un encofrado al terreno según las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, caracterizado por que, en la transmisión de esfuerzos horizontales, el sistema comprende: Fitting system for transmission of loads of a formwork to the ground according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that, in the transmission of horizontal stresses, the system comprises:
- --
- dos barras perforadas (6), two perforated bars (6),
- --
- dos perfiles metálicos (18) enfrentados y solidarios entre si que configuran una viga two metal profiles (18) facing and integral with each other that make up a beam
- --
- dos abrazaderas (4), two clamps (4),
- --
- dos barras de transmisión de carga horizontal (5), two horizontal load transmission bars (5),
- --
- dos tuercas{ 11), tal que las dos barras perforadas (6) embebidas por un extremo en la zapata tienen un extremo fijado a la viga (19) formada por los dos perfiles metálicos (18), y la viga (19) incorpora en un extremo las dos abrazaderas (4) enfrentadas y unidas entre sí por medio de two nuts {11), such that the two perforated bars (6) embedded by one end in the shoe have an end fixed to the beam (19) formed by the two metal profiles (18), and the beam (19) incorporates in one end the two clamps (4) facing and joined together by means of
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201132129A ES2416832B1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2011-12-29 | SYSTEM OF CALCE TO TRANSMIT THE LOADS OF A FORMWORK TO THE GROUND. |
| PCT/ES2012/070756 WO2013098444A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2012-10-29 | Wedging system for transmitting loads in formwork to the surrounding earth |
| MX2014007856A MX2014007856A (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2012-10-29 | Wedging system for transmitting loads in formwork to the surrounding earth. |
| US14/368,529 US20140332659A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2012-10-29 | Wedging system for transmitting loads from a formwork to the land |
| EP12861222.3A EP2799664B1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2012-10-29 | Wedging system for transmitting loads in formwork to the surrounding earth |
| CO14134215A CO6980650A2 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2014-06-20 | Fitting system to transmit the formwork loads to the ground |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201132129A ES2416832B1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2011-12-29 | SYSTEM OF CALCE TO TRANSMIT THE LOADS OF A FORMWORK TO THE GROUND. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2416832A1 ES2416832A1 (en) | 2013-08-02 |
| ES2416832B1 true ES2416832B1 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
Family
ID=48696383
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201132129A Active ES2416832B1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2011-12-29 | SYSTEM OF CALCE TO TRANSMIT THE LOADS OF A FORMWORK TO THE GROUND. |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140332659A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2799664B1 (en) |
| CO (1) | CO6980650A2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2416832B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2014007856A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013098444A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9909300B2 (en) | 2016-03-16 | 2018-03-06 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Truss clamp assemblies |
| US10745907B1 (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2020-08-18 | Timothy William Canby | Rolling block restraint connector for external restraint moment connections |
| US11078661B2 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2021-08-03 | Timothy William Canby | Rolling block restraint connector having an improved linkage assembly |
| CN115467510B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-04-19 | 江苏华邦建设有限公司 | Shear wall formwork system |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2997853A (en) * | 1958-07-14 | 1961-08-29 | Maxwell F Kemper | Apparatus for driving tunnels |
| FR1502024A (en) * | 1966-10-04 | 1967-11-18 | Improvements to removable self-supporting formwork for the construction of concrete galleries | |
| GB1487138A (en) * | 1976-02-24 | 1977-09-28 | Kenny P | Construction of steel re-inforced concrete columns |
| SU812929A1 (en) * | 1978-01-06 | 1981-03-15 | Специальное Конструкторско-Технологическоебюро "Главтоннельметростроя" | Movable form |
| US4450666A (en) * | 1982-08-26 | 1984-05-29 | Clayburn Refractories, Inc. | Econo bricking ring |
| FR2691204A1 (en) * | 1992-05-13 | 1993-11-19 | Al Cant Coffrages | Shuttering system, esp for lining excavated tunnel with concrete - comprises supporting structure, fixed upper vault and hinged side partitions operated by power cylinders |
| US6193442B1 (en) * | 1999-03-16 | 2001-02-27 | Donald R. May | Method and device for raising and supporting a building foundation |
| US6629681B1 (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2003-10-07 | Metal Forms Corporation | Flexible form assembly |
| US6655875B1 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2003-12-02 | Glenn Pignato | Pier adjusting mechanism and method for facilitating the adjusting and leveling of a pier platform |
| HRP20050537A2 (en) * | 2005-06-13 | 2007-03-31 | Planinc Robert | System for placing preformed secondary lining for tunnels |
| EP2588013B1 (en) * | 2010-07-01 | 2016-05-04 | Zimmer, Inc. | Multi-locking external fixation clamp |
-
2011
- 2011-12-29 ES ES201132129A patent/ES2416832B1/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-10-29 US US14/368,529 patent/US20140332659A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-10-29 WO PCT/ES2012/070756 patent/WO2013098444A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-10-29 EP EP12861222.3A patent/EP2799664B1/en active Active
- 2012-10-29 MX MX2014007856A patent/MX2014007856A/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-06-20 CO CO14134215A patent/CO6980650A2/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2799664B1 (en) | 2017-06-14 |
| CO6980650A2 (en) | 2014-06-27 |
| US20140332659A1 (en) | 2014-11-13 |
| ES2416832A1 (en) | 2013-08-02 |
| MX2014007856A (en) | 2015-08-10 |
| EP2799664A4 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
| EP2799664A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
| WO2013098444A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ES2416832B1 (en) | SYSTEM OF CALCE TO TRANSMIT THE LOADS OF A FORMWORK TO THE GROUND. | |
| ES2624437T3 (en) | Adjustable anchor system of a wall formwork and procedure | |
| ES2801798T3 (en) | Self-scaling system, self-scaling unit, and method of moving the self-scaling unit in a concrete structure | |
| ES2860753T3 (en) | Rib to support and consolidate an excavation and method of installing a structure to support and consolidate an excavation | |
| ES2328663T3 (en) | IMPROVED SLIDING ANCHORAGE DEVICE. | |
| ES2442040A2 (en) | Formwork for concreting the inner lining of tunnels | |
| ES2398284A1 (en) | Adjustable system for embedded union of prefabricated concrete elements for building structures, and method for performing the union of prefabricated concrete elements | |
| ES2301490T3 (en) | VARIABLE CURVATURE MODULAR FORMWORK SYSTEM. | |
| ES2437926T3 (en) | Reinforcement element for the absorption of forces in concrete elements, which are supported by means of support elements | |
| ES2660670T3 (en) | Scaffolding cladding board | |
| WO2013079747A1 (en) | Traveller for the construction of engineering works | |
| ES2870616T3 (en) | Reinforcement system for the concrete shoring of the inner hull of a tunnel work | |
| ES2677725T3 (en) | A joint between beam and column elements made of precast reinforced concrete | |
| ES2922402T3 (en) | Anti-lift coupling system | |
| ES2566064T3 (en) | Self-launching formwork for port platforms | |
| ES2635495T3 (en) | Device for joining two components separated by a joint | |
| ES2387208A1 (en) | Launching device for the construction of formwork for concrete platforms in ports and similar (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) | |
| ES2424814T3 (en) | Ladder type built of prefabricated concrete bearing wall | |
| ES2306550B1 (en) | FERRALLA ARMOR FOR BEAMS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE. | |
| ES2716760T3 (en) | Armor device | |
| ES2936722T3 (en) | Precast building element and method for manufacturing said precast building element | |
| ES2307357B1 (en) | ESTRIBOS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF FERRALLA ARMORS FOR BEAMS OF ARMED CONCRETE. | |
| ES2220236A1 (en) | Multiplant building structure, has work holding part holding in work of self-supporting beams and armor elements crossing junction of pillars and extended in preslab direction, and hyper-static knots placed in situ concrete | |
| ES2288784B1 (en) | IMPROVED PREFABRICATED PILLAR SYSTEM. | |
| ES2555702A1 (en) | Method for obtaining a foundation pile and foundation pile (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FG2A | Definitive protection |
Ref document number: 2416832 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B1 Effective date: 20140603 |