ES2396666A1

ES2396666A1 - Device for securing rotating mirrors for solar radiation concentration

Info

Publication number: ES2396666A1
Application number: ES201201260A
Authority: ES
Inventors: José María Martínez-Val Peñalosa
Original assignee: Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Current assignee: Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Priority date: 2012-12-20
Filing date: 2012-12-20
Publication date: 2013-02-25
Anticipated expiration: 2032-12-20
Also published as: WO2014096482A1; ES2396666B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device formed by a connection part between consecutive modules of shafts of longitudinal mirrors, said connection part resting on an adjustment part in turn resting on the base part which is embedded in the foundation. The connection part is a hollow cylinder having inscribed therein the torsion prism of the first module, followed longitudinally by the second prism, also inscribed, as well as two identical diametrical plates having a thickness that matches that of the substrate of the mirror on the shaft, and a symmetrical prism in the other half-space of the cylinder, all formed in the connection part, ensuring the same rotation for consecutive modules which are balanced for rotation by means of a counterweight included in the connection part.

Description

DISPOSITIVO DE SUJECiÓN DE ESPEJOS GIRATORIOS PARA CONCENTRACiÓN DE LA RADIACiÓN SOLAR DEVICE FOR HOLDING ROTATING MIRRORS FOR CONCENTRATING SOLAR RADIATION

TECHNICAL SECTOR

La invención se encuadra en el campo de las centrales de energía solar que requieren concentración de la radiación originaria, que en este caso es reflejada por una serie de espejos longitudinales cuyos ejes más largos son horizontales o levemente inclinados, y orientables en sentido transversal por girar alrededor de un eje longitudinal, que coincide virtualmente con una recta de la superficie del espejo. The invention falls within the field of solar power plants that require concentration of the original radiation, which in this case is reflected by a series of longitudinal mirrors whose longest axes are horizontal or slightly inclined, and adjustable in a transverse direction due to rotation. about a longitudinal axis, which virtually coincides with a straight line of the mirror surface.

La invención se encuadra en el denominado campo solar, que es el conjunto de espejos con sus armazones y elementos de enfoque correspondientes, para reflejar la radiación solar directamente procedente del sol sobre un receptor de material apropiado, bien de tipo térmico, bien fotovoltaico; y los espejos en cuestión se alinean paralelamente entre sí, formando lo que se denomina un dispositivo Fresnel de reflexión. The invention is framed in the so-called solar field, which is the set of mirrors with their corresponding frames and focus elements, to reflect the solar radiation directly from the sun on a receiver of appropriate material, either thermal or photovoltaic; and the mirrors in question are aligned parallel to each other, forming what is called a Fresnel reflection device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

La invención tiene antecedentes inmediatos, particularmente en la patente ES2345427 B2, que trata de un Dispositivo concentrador de la radiación solar, con espejos longitudinales, rotativos alrededor de su eje más largo, siendo estos ejes paralelos entre sí y paralelos a su vez a la cara activa del receptor en su sentido longitudinal. El primer inventor de dicha patente es el mismo que firma la presente solicitud. The invention has immediate antecedents, particularly in patent ES2345427 B2, which deals with a concentrating device for solar radiation, with longitudinal mirrors, rotatable around its longest axis, these axes being parallel to each other and in turn parallel to the face. active of the receiver in its longitudinal direction. The first inventor of said patent is the same who signs the present application.

En el citado documento se analizan varios otros antecedentes de este tipo de montaje, que simplemente se reseñan aquí, pues se refieren a la configuración del campo de espejos, pero ninguno aborda con detalle constructivo los dispositivos que sujetan a los espejos, al mismo tiempo que les permiten girar libremente sobre su eje de giro. Como patentes clásicas cabe citar las WO 99/42765, BE 1 013 565 A3 Y BE 1 013 566 A3; Y como patentes más recientes las WO 2009/029277 A2 Y 2009/023063 A2; Y otras patentes reseñables son WO 2006/000834 A 1, WO 02/12799 A2, WO 02/12799 A2 Y EP2161516 A1. Como otros antecedentes directos, de los cuales también es inventor el solicitante, cabe citar las patentes ES2346629 y ES2356221, estando esta última dedicada al seguimiento solar en su trayectoria diurna, manteniendo el enfoque de la radiación reflejada sobre el receptor, pero sin aportar datos sobre los apoyos de los ejes de los espejos. In the aforementioned document, several other antecedents of this type of assembly are analyzed, which are simply outlined here, since they refer to the configuration of the field of mirrors, but none of them addresses in constructive detail the devices that hold the mirrors, at the same time as allow them to rotate freely on their axis of rotation. Classical patents include WO 99/42765, BE 1 013 565 A3 and BE 1 013 566 A3; And as more recent patents WO 2009/029277 A2 AND 2009/023063 A2; And other notable patents are WO 2006/000834 A 1, WO 02/12799 A2, WO 02/12799 A2 AND EP2161516 A1. As other direct antecedents, of which the applicant is also the inventor, it is worth mentioning patents ES2346629 and ES2356221, the latter being dedicated to solar tracking in its daytime path, maintaining the focus of the radiation reflected on the receiver, but without providing data on the supports of the axles of the mirrors.

TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED

Para efectuar correctamente el enfoque al sol con los sistemas Fresnel longitudinales de reflexión, es imprescindible que los espejos giren alrededor de un eje que, como se ha anticipado, coincida con una recta longitudinal en la superficie específicamente especular. Pero a su vez los espejos están hechos por módulos longitudinales sucesivos, que deben compartir virtualmente el eje, que a su vez debe tener un soporte mecánico real para que gire el conjunto. In order to correctly focus in the sun with longitudinal reflection Fresnel systems, it is essential that the mirrors rotate around an axis that, as anticipated, coincides with a longitudinal line on the specifically specular surface. But in turn the mirrors are made by successive longitudinal modules, which must virtually share the axis, which in turn must have a real mechanical support for the assembly to rotate.

Por tanto, el problema a resolver es dotar a los espejos de unos ejes y a los ejes de unos apoyos, con los que se cumplan las prescripciones de movimiento del espejo y de su eje, en los sucesivos módulos que lo constituyan. Téngase en cuenta que los espejos pueden tener varios cientos de metros, y los módulos 10m de longitud o así, por lo que se requieren varios dispositivos que soporten los módulos por sus extremos, y a su vez den continuidad al eje, que lógicamente no puede tener una luz de varios centenares de metros, y necesita apoyos intermedios, que conformen un dispositivo que cumpla las exigencias presentadas. Therefore, the problem to be solved is to provide the mirrors with axes and the axes with supports, with which the requirements of movement of the mirror and its axis are met, in the successive modules that constitute it. Keep in mind that mirrors can be several hundred meters long, and modules 10m long or so, so several devices are required to support the modules at their ends, and in turn give continuity to the axis, which logically cannot a span of several hundred meters, and it needs intermediate supports, which make up a device that meets the demands presented.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

La invención comprende una pieza base o pie del apoyo, rematada superiormente por una pieza de ajuste en forma semi-cilíndrica de sección semicircular, sobre la que descansa la pieza de conexión, que es de forma cilíndrica circular, dentro de la cual quedan ensamblados los siguientes elementos: The invention comprises a base piece or foot of the support, topped off by an adjustment piece in a semi-cylindrical shape with a semicircular section, on which the connection piece rests, which is circular in cylindrical shape, within which the following items:

prisma de torsión del módulo anterior al apoyo considerado, contados dichos módulos en el sentido de su montaje, siendo este prisma de sección cuadrada o rectangular, con hueco interior; y estando la base del espejo solidariamente unida a él por una de las caras del prisma, que denominamos cara superior; torsion prism of the module prior to the considered support, counting said modules in the sense of their assembly, this prism having a square or rectangular section, with an internal hollow; and the base of the mirror being jointly connected to it by one of the prism faces, which we call the upper face;

prisma de torsión del módulo siguiente al apoyo considerado, de características iguales al prisma anterior, o primer prisma y que se extiende en su prolongación; torsion prism of the module following the considered support, with characteristics equal to the previous prism, or first prism and extending in its extension;

placa diametral dispuesta sobre ambos prismas de torsión, coincidiendo la cara superior de dicha placa con el diámetro horizontal de la pieza de conexión, cuando los prismas de torsión están en la posición de referencia, que es la posición de mantener cara arriba a los módulos de espejos, teniendo dicha placa diametral un espesor coincidente con el de la placa base o sustrato del espejo en el punto medio de éste: diametral plate arranged on both torsion prisms, the upper face of said plate coinciding with the horizontal diameter of the connecting piece, when the torsion prisms are in the reference position, which is the position of keeping the modules facing up mirrors, said diametrical plate having a thickness coincident with that of the base plate or substrate of the mirror at its midpoint:

placa simétrica diametral, del mismo espesor que la placa diametral, y ubicada encima de ella en la posición de referencia; diametrical symmetrical plate, the same thickness as the diametrical plate, and located on top of it in the reference position;

prisma simétrico, de sección recta igual a la de los prismas de torsión ya dichos, ubicado este prisma simétrico encima de la placa simétrica diametral, en la posición de referencia; symmetrical prism, with a straight section equal to that of the torsion prisms already mentioned, this symmetric prism located above the diametrical symmetrical plate, in the reference position;

siendo las longitudes del prisma simétrico y de las placas diametrales iguales a la longitud de la pieza de conexión, con una holgura de más o de menos cinco por ciento; the lengths of the symmetrical prism and the diametrical plates being equal to the length of the connecting piece, with a clearance of plus or minus five percent;

quedando los prismas de torsión, más las placas diametrales, más el prisma simétrico, inscritos en la cara interior de la pieza de conexión, y solidarios a ella por sus vértices, bien por soldadura, bien por adhesivo, según la naturaleza de las piezas, seleccionada entre metálica, plástica, de fibra de vidrio u otras fibras y materiales compuestos. leaving the torsion prisms, plus the diametrical plates, plus the symmetrical prism, inscribed on the inner face of the connecting piece, and joined to it by its vertices, either by welding or by adhesive, depending on the nature of the pieces, selected from metallic, plastic, fiberglass or other fibers and composite materials.

Todas las piezas inscritas en la pieza de conexión y la propia pieza de conexión van taladradas en sentido vertical, medido tal sentido en la posición de referencia, al menos por dos conjuntos de taladros coincidentes, siendo atravesado cada uno de dichos conjuntos de taladros por un pasador que cruza de arriba abajo, y que está aferrado por cada extremo a la cara exterior de la pieza de conexión, mediante rosca de apriete con su arandela de presión. All the pieces inscribed in the connection piece and the connection piece itself are drilled vertically, measured in the reference position, at least by two sets of matching holes, each of these sets of holes being pierced by a pin that crosses from top to bottom, and which is attached at each end to the outer face of the connection piece, by means of a clamping thread with its pressure washer.

En la parte superior de al menos un taladro en cada extremo, estando en posición de referencia, se ubica un contrapeso sobre la cara exterior de la pieza de conexión, estando dicho contrapeso también taladrado, y aferrado por la rosca de apriete superior del pasador correspondiente, que aferra por tanto sobre el contrapeso, que a su vez presiona sobre la cara exterior de la pieza de conexión. At the top of at least one hole at each end, being in the reference position, a counterweight is located on the outer face of the connection piece, said counterweight also being drilled, and gripped by the upper tightening thread of the corresponding pin , which therefore grips on the counterweight, which in turn presses on the outer face of the connection piece.

La masa del contrapeso y la distancia de su centro de masas hasta el eje de giro del sistema, que es el eje del cilindro que constituye la pieza de conexión, es tal que su producto iguala al producto de la mitad de la masa del módulo anterior de espejo, incluyendo todos los elementos suspendidos con el prisma de torsión, y el propio prisma, multiplicada dicha masa por la distancia en perpendicular desde el centro de masas de esa determinada masa suspendida, hasta el eje de giro del sistema, que coincide con el eje de giro del espejo. The mass of the counterweight and the distance from its center of mass to the axis of rotation of the system, which is the axis of the cylinder that constitutes the connecting piece, is such that its product equals the product of half the mass of the previous module mirror, including all the elements suspended with the torsion prism, and the prism itself, multiplying said mass by the perpendicular distance from the center of mass of that determined suspended mass, to the axis of rotation of the system, which coincides with the axis of rotation of the mirror.

Alrededor de la cara exterior de la pieza de conexión se aferra un anillo o aleta de zunchado, solidaria a la propia pieza de conexión por soldadura o cordón adhesivo. Around the outer face of the connection piece, a ring or flap is attached, secured to the connection piece itself by welding or adhesive bead.

La pieza de conexión descansa y puede girar sobre la parte semicircular de la pieza de ajuste, que dispone de una ranura transversal en la que se aloja el anillo o aleta de zunchado, conteniendo dicha pieza de ajuste unos rodillos con eje longitudinal, sobre los cuales descansa verdaderamente la pieza de conexión por su cara exterior, pudiendo dichos rodillos girar libremente a medida que rota sobre ellos la pieza de conexión. The connecting piece rests and can rotate on the semicircular part of the adjusting piece, which has a transverse groove in which the hoop ring or fin is housed, said adjusting piece containing rollers with longitudinal axis, on which The connection piece actually rests on its outer face, said rollers being able to rotate freely as the connection piece rotates on them.

En uno de los vértices interiores del prisma simétrico se ubica un tubo de diámetro del orden del milímetro, que constituye la mirilla de colimación longitudinal de los dispositivos de sustentación del eje. A tube with a diameter of the order of a millimeter is located in one of the interior vertices of the symmetric prism, which constitutes the longitudinal collimation sight glass of the axis support devices.

La pieza de ajuste es solidaria con la pieza base o pie de apoyo, teniendo en uno de los lados de su forma semicircular un mecanismo de sustentación con giro alrededor de un bulón encastrado en la pieza base, y que hace de eje del pequeño giro que se realiza para ajustar la altura de la pieza de ajuste al nivel dado por la colimación longitudinal de los ejes de los módulos; estando dicha pieza de ajuste sustentada en la pieza base por el otro extremo, mediante un vástago pasante atornillado, que cruza ambas piezas a través de unas ranuras verticales, quedando aferrado el vástago por sus extremos cuando se alcanza la altura que produce la colimación de los ejes, testificada por un haz de luz láser; complementando la sustentación por medio de un clavo pasador que se ubica a través de los orificios correspondientes practicados en las paredes verticales de la pieza de ajuste y de la pieza base. The adjustment part is integral with the base part or support foot, having on one side of its semicircular shape a support mechanism with rotation around a bolt embedded in the base part, and which acts as the axis of the small rotation that it is carried out to adjust the height of the adjustment part to the level given by the longitudinal collimation of the axes of the modules; said adjusting part being supported in the base part by the other end, by means of a screwed through rod, which crosses both parts through vertical grooves, the rod being held by its ends when the height produced by the collimation of the axes, witnessed by a laser light beam; complementing the support by means of a dowel nail that is located through the corresponding holes made in the vertical walls of the adjustment piece and the base piece.

Cuando es muy grande el momento flector en el apoyo, que en gran medida lo absorben la pieza de conexión y el anillo de zuncho, la pieza de base se hace de dos pares de patas, los contrapesos se ubican en el centro de la pieza de conexión, aferrados al anillo de zuncho, y los rodillos se ubican al exterior de los contrapesos por cada lado, utilizando un vástago pasador para fijar la pieza de ajuste a la de base, una vez verificada la colimación. When the bending moment on the support is very large, which is largely absorbed by the connection piece and the band ring, the base piece is made of two pairs of legs, the counterweights are located in the center of the piece of connection, attached to the strap ring, and the rollers are located outside the counterweights on each side, using a pin rod to fix the adjustment piece to the base, once the collimation has been verified.

Cuando la reacción mecánica en los apoyos lo permite, o cuando se decide así por simplificación constructiva aun a riesgo de desgaste, la pieza de conexión desliza, en su giro de seguimiento al sol, sobre sendas pistas de rodadura fijas en los extremos longitudinales de la pieza de ajuste, que se aferra a la pieza base mediante un vástago pasador, sin existir rodillos en esta variante. When the mechanical reaction in the supports allows it, or when it is decided to do so by constructive simplification even at the risk of wear, the connection piece slides, on its follow-up turn to the sun, on separate fixed raceways at the longitudinal ends of the adjusting piece, which is attached to the base piece by means of a pin rod, without rollers in this variant.

Cabe otra variante más elemental, para cuando el momento flector en el apoyo no es muy fuerte, que consiste en que la pieza de conexión, el contrapeso, el prisma simétrico, las placas diametrales y los dos prismas de torsión son atravesados y aferrados por un único vástago pasador central, sin existir anillo de zuncho en esta variante. There is another, more elementary variant, for when the bending moment at the support is not very strong, which consists of the connection piece, the counterweight, the symmetrical prism, the diametrical plates and the two torsion prisms being traversed and gripped by a single central pin shank, there is no strap ring in this variant.

EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES

Las figuras, en general, no están a escala, pues los tamaños relativos de los elementos son muy dispares; y hay que vulnerar sus proporciones para que sean inteligibles las explicaciones. The figures, in general, are not to scale, since the relative sizes of the elements are very disparate; and its proportions must be violated so that the explanations are intelligible.

La figura 1 muestra un esquema, en sección recta, del dispositivo solar, correspondiendo a un montaje Fresnel de reflexión con espejos giratorios. Figure 1 shows a diagram, in straight section, of the solar device, corresponding to a Reflection Fresnel mount with rotating mirrors.

La figura 2 muestra el esquema tridimensional de un conjunto receptor-espejos en el montaje según el paralelo, con disposición al Norte del paralelo en el hemisferio norte. Figure 2 shows the three-dimensional diagram of a receiver-mirror assembly in the assembly according to the parallel, with arrangement to the North of the parallel in the northern hemisphere.

La figura 3 muestra un corte transversal de un espejo, aunque en vez de prisma de torsión, el espejo se apoya en un semicilindro macizo, que puede hacer las veces de caja de torsión, pero no tiene el momento de inercia idóneo para reducir las deformaciones del módulo por flexión. Figure 3 shows a cross section of a mirror, although instead of a torsion prism, the mirror rests on a solid half-cylinder, which can double as a torsion box, but does not have the ideal moment of inertia to reduce deformations. of the flexural modulus.

La figura 4 muestra un corte transversal de un espejo al que se le ha dotado de prisma de torsión, lo que confiere mayor rigidez al módulo del espejo cuando gira. Figure 4 shows a cross section of a mirror that has been fitted with a torsion prism, which gives greater rigidity to the mirror module when it rotates.

La figura 5 muestra un corte longitudinal de la pieza de conexión con sus Figure 5 shows a longitudinal section of the connection piece with its

elementos internos y su apoyo en la pieza de ajuste. internal elements and their support in the adjustment piece.

La figura 6 muestra esquemáticamente la sección recta de la pieza de conexión con sus elementos asociados. Figure 6 schematically shows the straight section of the connection piece with its associated elements.

La figura 7 muestra el entronque de la pieza de ajuste en la pieza base, y la recepción de la pieza de conexión en la pieza de ajuste. Figure 7 shows the connection of the adjustment part to the base part, and the reception of the connection part to the adjustment part.

La figura 8 muestra un corte longitudinal de la pieza de conexión y su apoyo en la pieza de ajuste, y de ésta ajustada a la de base, cuando la de base tiene dos pares de patas, habiéndose omitido parte de la información completa dada en la figura 5, por mor de claridad en la explicación de esta variante de montaje de la invención, aunque lógicamente están dentro de la pieza de conexión todos los elementos ya dichos. Figure 8 shows a longitudinal section of the connection piece and its support on the adjustment piece, and of this adjusted to the base piece, when the base piece has two pairs of legs, part of the complete information given in the Figure 5, for the sake of clarity in the explanation of this variant assembly of the invention, although logically all the elements already mentioned are inside the connection piece.

La figura 9 muestra un corte longitudinal de la pieza de conexión y su apoyo en la pieza de ajuste, y de ésta ajustada a la de base, usando una pista de rodadura por deslizamiento, en vez de rodillos, en la cara de la pieza de ajuste sobre la que apoya la pieza de conexión. Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section of the connection piece and its support on the adjusting piece, and from it adjusted to the base piece, using a sliding raceway, instead of rollers, on the face of the piece of fitting. fit on which the connecting piece rests.

La figura 10 muestra un esquema longitudinal de la pieza de conexión con un único vástago pasador central aferrando todos sus elementos internos más el contrapeso, sin existir anillo de zuncho en esta variante. Figure 10 shows a longitudinal diagram of the connection piece with a single central pin rod clutching all its internal elements plus the counterweight, without there being a band ring in this variant.

PREFERRED MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Para facilitar la comprensión de las figuras de la invención, y de sus modos de realización, a continuación se relacionan los elementos relevantes de la misma: To facilitate the understanding of the figures of the invention, and of its embodiments, the relevant elements thereof are listed below:

1. one.: Receptor de la radiación solar, Solar radiation receiver,

2. 2.: Superficie o cara activa del receptor (1), donde se absorbe la radiación solar concentrada. Active surface or face of the receiver (1), where concentrated solar radiation is absorbed.

3. 3.: Punto central del segmento que representa la cara activa (2) del receptor (1), en un plano perpendicular a los ejes. Center point of the segment representing the active face (2) of the receiver (1), in a plane perpendicular to the axes.

4. Four.: Radiación solar directa. Direct solar radiation.

5. 5.: Espejo longitudinal que refleja la radiación solar original sobre el receptor (1), y que es más cercano al receptor. Longitudinal mirror that reflects the original solar radiation on the receiver (1), and that is closest to the receiver.

6. 6.: Radiación solar reflejada por los espejos (7). Solar radiation reflected by the mirrors (7).

7. 7.: Espejos genéricos que reflejan la radiación solar (4) sobre el receptor (1). Existe una pluralidad de espejos paralelos en el conjunto de ellos, que reflejan la radiación sobre un mismo receptor (1). Generic mirrors that reflect solar radiation (4) on the receiver (1). There are a plurality of parallel mirrors in all of them, which reflect radiation on the same receiver (1).

8. 8.: Báculos o pilares altos que mantienen en su altura y posición al receptor High staves or pillars that keep the receiver in height and position

(1) de radiación y todos sus elementos internos. (1) radiation and all its internal elements.

9. 9.: Pilares bajos que mantienen en su altura y posición a los ejes de los espejos, genéricamente representados por (7). Low pillars that maintain the axes of the mirrors in their height and position, generically represented by (7).

10. 10.: Eje longitudinal de un espejo genérico (7), alrededor del cual gira para adquirir la inclinación transversal precisa para el enfoque solar. Longitudinal axis of a generic mirror (7), around which it rotates to acquire the precise transversal inclination for solar focus.

11. eleven.: Entronque giratorio, merced al dispositivo, del pilar (9) con el eje (10) de giro del espejo genérico (7). Es el objeto fundamental de esta invención. Rotary connection, thanks to the device, of the pillar (9) with the axis (10) of rotation of the generic mirror (7). It is the fundamental object of this invention.

12. 12.: Pieza de sujeción firme del receptor (1) al báculo (8). Firm clamping piece of the receiver (1) to the staff (8).

13. 13.: Cables de arriostramiento transversal de los pilares o báculos (8). Transverse bracing cables of the pillars or staves (8).

14. 14.: Travesaño superior de rigidización de los receptores (1). Receiver stiffening upper crossbar (1).

15. fifteen.: Elementos interiores del receptor (1), bien térmicos, bien fotovoltaicos. No son de relevancia para la invención. Interior elements of the receiver (1), either thermal, or photovoltaic. They are not relevant to the invention.

16. 16.: Terreno. Ground.

17. 17.: Recta normal a un espejo, que es la bisectriz del ángulo de reflexión. Normal line to a mirror, which is the bisector of the angle of reflection.

18. 18.: Eje de giro de un espejo determinado, figura 3, que coincide con el punto central del espejo propiamente dicho. Axis of rotation of a given mirror, figure 3, which coincides with the center point of the mirror itself.

19. 19.: Sustrato o soporte del espejo. Substrate or mirror support.

20. twenty.: Barra de torsión, que en este caso es un semicilindro macizo, pues corresponde al estado previo del arte, que en esta invención se sustituye por un verdadero prisma. Torsion bar, which in this case is a solid half cylinder, since it corresponds to the previous state of the art, which in this invention is replaced by a real prism.

21. twenty-one.: Rayo reflejado que va desde el extremo derecho de un espejo dado, figura 3, al punto central de la superficie del receptor, 3. Reflected ray going from the right end of a given mirror, Figure 3, to the center point of the receiver surface, 3.

22. 22.: Rayo reflejado que va desde el extremo izquierdo de un espejo dado, figura 3, al punto central de la superficie del receptor, 3. Reflected ray going from the left end of a given mirror, Figure 3, to the center point of the receiver surface, 3.

23. 2. 3.: Rayo reflejado que va desde el punto central de un espejo dado, figura 3, al punto central de la superficie del receptor, 3. Reflected ray going from the center point of a given mirror, figure 3, to the center point of the receiver surface, 3.

24. 24.: Sustrato o base del espejo que está soportado por el prisma de torsión Substrate or base of the mirror that is supported by the torsion prism

(26) de ese módulo en su punto medio, es decir, bajo el eje. (26) of that module at its midpoint, that is, under the axis.

25. 25.: Superficie especular del espejo en su punto medio, es decir, en el eje. Specular surface of the mirror at its midpoint, that is, on the axis.

26. 26.: Prisma de torsión de ese módulo de espejo. Torsion prism of that mirror module.

27. 27.: Placa diametral con espesor igual al del sustrato 24. Diametrical plate with thickness equal to that of substrate 24.

28. 28.: Placa simétrica diametral. Diametrical symmetric plate.

29. 29.: Prisma simétrico. Symmetric prism.

30. 30.: Pieza cilíndrica de conexión. Cylindrical connection piece.

31. 31.: Pieza de ajuste, sobre la que apoya y rueda (girando) la pieza de conexión 30. Adjusting piece, on which the connecting piece 30 rests and rolls (turning).

32. 32.: Rodillos de libre giro con ejes fijos en la pieza de ajuste, sobre los que rota la pieza de conexión, 30. Free-spinning rollers with fixed axes on the adjusting piece, on which the connecting piece rotates, 30.

33. 33.: Ejes de los rodillos 32. Roller shafts 32.

34. 3. 4.: Prisma de torsión del siguiente módulo. Torsion prism of the next module.

35. 35.: Entalladura en ambos prismas de torsión, 26 y 34, que además sirve de espacio de dilatación. Notch in both torsion prisms, 26 and 34, which also serves as an expansion space.

36. 36.: Contrapeso. Counterweight.

37. 37.: Vástago pasador. Pin shank.

38. 38.: Cabezal, fijo o roscado, del vástago pasador, 37. Fixed or threaded head of the pin shank, 37.

39. 39.: Arandela de presión del cabezal 38. Head pressure washer 38.

40. 40.: Anillo o aleta de zunchado. Strapping ring or fin.

41. 41.: Entalladura en la pieza de ajuste 31, donde se aloja el anillo 40. Notch in the adjusting piece 31, where the ring 40 is housed.

42. 42.: Cabezal, roscado o fijo, del vástago pasador, 37, opuesto al cabezal 38. Threaded or fixed head of the pin shank, 37, opposite to the head 38.

43. 43.: Arandela de presión del cabezal 42. Head pressure washer 42.

44. 44.: Cordón de soldadura, o cordón adhesivo, de unión entre cada placa diametral y la pieza de conexión, 30, Welding bead, or adhesive bead, of union between each diametrical plate and the connection piece, 30,

45. Four. Five.: Mirilla de colimación longitudinal. Longitudinal collimation sight glass.

46. 46.: Parte superior de la pieza base o pie de apoyo. Top of the base piece or support foot.

47. 47.: Bulón que hace de eje para el giro de la pieza de ajuste, 31, cuando se ajusta en altura por la colimación longitudinal. Bolt that acts as an axis for the rotation of the adjustment piece, 31, when it is adjusted in height by longitudinal collimation.

48. 48.: Taladros para alojar el clavo pasante de fijación de la altura de la sujeción. Drills to accommodate the fastening height through-hole nail.

49. 49.: Ranura para posibilitar el mejor ajuste de la pieza de ajuste 30. Slot to allow the best fit of the adjusting part 30.

50. fifty.: Tornillo pasante para fijar la altura de la pieza de ajuste, 30. Through screw to fix the height of the adjusting piece, 30.

51. 51.: Pletina doble, por ambos lados, de la pieza de ajuste 30, que abraza a la parte superior de la pieza base 46. Double plate, on both sides, of the adjusting piece 30, which embraces the upper part of the base piece 46.

52. 52.: Patas de la pieza base Base piece legs

53. 53.: Brazos de rigidización transversal Transverse stiffening arms

54. 54.: Cimentación Foundation

55. 55.: Vástago pasador de fijación del contrapeso 36 al anillo de zuncho 40. Pin rod for fixing the counterweight 36 to the strap ring 40.

56. 56.: Vástago pasador de fijación de la pieza de ajuste 31 en la pieza de base, cuando ésta tiene dos pares de patas (58). Pin rod for fixing the adjusting piece 31 on the base piece, when it has two pairs of legs (58).

57. 57.: Pestaña de retención de la pieza de conexión 30. Retaining tab for connecting piece 30.

58. 58.: Patas de la pieza de base cuando tiene dos pares. Base piece legs when you have two pairs.

59. 59.: Pista de rodadura en la pieza de ajuste 31 sobre la que desliza la cara exterior de la pieza de conexión 30. Raceway on the adjusting piece 31 on which the outer face of the connecting piece 30 slides.

60. 60.: Vástago pasador central. Center pin stem.

61. 61.: Cabeza del vástago pasador central. Center pin stem head.

62. Cierre roscado o roblonado del vástago pasador central. Para la aplicación de la invención y su materialización es preciso seleccionar el tipo de material a emplear y, sobre todo, saber que peso por unidad de longitud tienen los espejos. En cuanto a materiales, se selecciona para esta aplicación el acero de construcción común, por su disponibilidad y buen precio. Sus dos características que intervienen en esta aplicación son su 62. Threaded or bolted closure of the central pin shank. For the application of the invention and its materialization it is necessary to select the type of material to be used and, above all, to know what weight per unit of length the mirrors have. Regarding materials, common construction steel is selected for this application, due to its availability and good price. Its two characteristics that intervene in this application are its

módulo de elasticidad, E, que vale 2,1'1011 N/m2, y su peso específico p=77 kN/m3. Los prismas vienen definidos por su lado de la sección recta, que es un cuadrado, y el espesor de sus paredes. Al lado del cuadrado se le identificará por b, y el espesor lo tomaremos como O,03'b, lo cual permite resolver el problema de aplicar la invención analíticamente. Otro parámetro esencial es el momento de inercia, 1, que en la posición de referencia, es decir, con los espejos mirando hacia el cenit, y con la suposición hecha sobre el espesor, se tiene que modulus of elasticity, E, which is worth 2.1'1011 N / m2, and its specific weight p = 77 kN / m3. Prisms are defined by their side of the straight section, which is a square, and the thickness of their walls. Next to the square it will be identified by b, and the thickness will be taken as O, 03'b, which allows solving the problem of applying the invention analytically. Another essential parameter is the moment of inertia, 1, that in the reference position, that is, with the mirrors facing the zenith, and with the assumption made about the thickness, it is necessary to

I = O,0183'b4 I = O, 0183'b4

y el peso del prisma por unidad de longitud, wp , utilizando siempre el sistema SI de unidades, es and the weight of the prism per unit length, wp, always using the SI system of units, is

wP = 9240'b2 wP = 9240'b2

La flecha f de una viga empotrada en sus extremos, de longitud L y que está sometida a una carga lineal w (N/m) es The arrow f of a beam embedded in its ends, of length L and which is subjected to a linear load w (N / m) is

f = w·L 4/384'E'1 f = w · L 4 / 384'E'1

donde la carga w es la suma del peso lineal del prisma, más el peso del espejo y sus soportes. En este caso suponemos un espejo de plata, sobre una plancha de plástico rígido de 2 mm de espesor, con una densidad de 1 kg/dm3 y una cubierta de vidrio transparente de otros 2 mm, con una densidad de 2,5 kg/dm3, a lo que se añade el peso de 4 cuadernas triangulares también de plástico, de 10x25x2 cm, lo que da un peso lineal de 60 N/m, a lo que hay que añadir wp, que es aún incógnita, pues depende del prisma que se necesite. where the load w is the sum of the linear weight of the prism, plus the weight of the mirror and its supports. In this case we assume a silver mirror, on a 2 mm thick rigid plastic sheet, with a density of 1 kg / dm3 and a transparent glass cover of another 2 mm, with a density of 2.5 kg / dm3 , to which is added the weight of 4 triangular frames, also made of plastic, 10x25x2 cm, which gives a linear weight of 60 N / m, to which we must add wp, which is still unknown, since it depends on the prism that is needed.

Para terminar de definir esta aplicación, se fija que la flecha corresponde a una deformación angular desde un extremo que es igual a 2 milirradianes, lo que significa To finish defining this application, it is fixed that the arrow corresponds to an angular deformation from one end that is equal to 2 milliradians, which means

f= (U2)'O,002 = U1000 f = (U2) 'O, 002 = U1000

Igualando esta expresión a la general de la flecha, se obtiene la ecuación Equating this expression to the general one of the arrow, the equation is obtained

wp + 60 = O,384'E'I/L3 wp + 60 = O, 384'E'I / L3

y fijando L= 10m, y usando los valores de I y wp en función de b, se llega a la siguiente ecuación bicuadrática en b and fixing L = 10m, and using the values of I and wp as a function of b, the following two-quadratic equation is reached in b

Cuya solución es b2 = 0,01 Y por tanto b=O,1 m; a lo que corresponde una carga lineal del prisma de 92 N/m, que sumada a la del espejo da 152 N/m. Lo que importa para dimensionar el dispositivo es el tamaño del prisma, que tiene 10 cm de lado y 3mm de espesor. Con lo antedicho del espejo, las placas diametrales han de tener 2mm de espesor cada una. lo que conduce a un radio interior de la pieza de conexión que es (6,22 + 32)1/2 en cm, lo que da 6,9 cm. Su espesor debe ir conmensurado con el par que ha de aguantar ese apoyo, que funciona como empotrado, pues la pieza no permite que el prisma gire libremente, siendo el momento flector M, en el apoyo, Whose solution is b2 = 0.01 And therefore b = O, 1 m; to which corresponds a linear load of the prism of 92 N / m, which added to that of the mirror gives 152 N / m. What matters to size the device is the size of the prism, which is 10 cm side and 3mm thick. With the aforementioned of the mirror, the diametrical plates must be 2mm thick each. which leads to an inner radius of the connection piece that is (6.22 + 32) 1/2 in cm, which gives 6.9 cm. Its thickness must be commensurate with the torque that this support must support, which functions as a recess, since the piece does not allow the prism to rotate freely, the bending moment M being the support,

Con 152 N/m y L= 10 m, queda 1267 N·m. Con un diámetro de 14 cm y un valor similar en la longitud del cilindro de conexión, las tensiones a absorber son de 9000 N. Tomando como valor admisible 1000 N/cm2, se necesitan 9 cm2 de sección recta en cada semicírculo, cuya longitud es de 22 cm, por lo que haría falta como mínimo un espesor de 0,4 cm. La longitud de la pieza de conexión puede ser del orden de su diámetro, unos 15 cm, para la absorción del momento flector. En cuanto al peso del contrapeso, éste ha de equilibrar 152 N/m por 5 metros, y teniendo en cuenta que el centro de masas dista del eje de giro b/2 aproximadamente, queda un par de vuelco de 38 N·m. Como el centro de masas del contrapeso estará a una distancia de unas cuatro veces el radio, queda un peso de 38/0,28, lo que da 135 N, es decir, unos 13 kg. De emplear plomo como contrapeso, haría falta algo más de un litro, 1,20 dm3, que corresponde a una caja de 14X14X6 cm, que es del orden de tamaño del propio dispositivo. With 152 N / m and L = 10 m, there is 1267 N · m. With a diameter of 14 cm and a similar value in the length of the connection cylinder, the stresses to be absorbed are 9000 N. Taking 1000 N / cm2 as the admissible value, 9 cm2 of straight section are needed in each semicircle, the length of which is 22 cm, so a thickness of at least 0.4 cm would be required. The length of the connection piece can be of the order of its diameter, about 15 cm, for the absorption of the bending moment. As for the weight of the counterweight, it has to balance 152 N / m by 5 meters, and taking into account that the center of mass is distant from the axis of rotation b / 2 approximately, there is a tipping torque of 38 N · m. As the center of mass of the counterweight will be at a distance of about four times the radius, a weight of 38 / 0.28 remains, which gives 135 N, that is, about 13 kg. To use lead as a counterweight, it would take a little more than a liter, 1.20 dm3, which corresponds to a 14X14X6 cm box, which is in the order of the size of the device itself.

Para ensamblarlo, se habría de ubicar el primer prisma dentro del cilindro de conexión, poner las dos placas diametrales presentadas, embutir el prisma simétrico, presentar el prisma secundario o de prolongación del eje, y terminar de encajar las placas diametrales, tras lo cual se fijan con soldadura, una vez que se hayan puesto los vástagos pasantes, incluyendo el amordazamiento de sujeción de los contrapesos. To assemble it, the first prism would have to be placed inside the connection cylinder, put the two diametric plates presented, mortise the symmetrical prism, present the secondary or axle extension prism, and finish fitting the diametrical plates, after which Fixed with solder, once the through shafts have been attached, including the clamping clamp of the counterweights.

Una vez completado el ensamblaje de la pieza de conexión, se ha de ubicar ésta a la altura que corresponde, para lo cual se cuenta con el colimador, por dentro del cual ha de pasar el haz laser usado al efecto. Cuando se cumple la colimación, se aprieta el tornillo de aferra la pieza de ajuste a la de base, y de inmediato de pasa el clavo pasante de un lado a otro de las pletinas (51) haciendo solidarias estas dos piezas, y descansando la pieza de conexión sobre los rodillos de la de ajuste, lo que garantiza la funcionalidad del eje, extendido un módulo tras otro. Once the assembly of the connection piece is completed, it must be located at the corresponding height, for which the collimator is available, inside which the laser beam used for this purpose must pass. When the collimation is fulfilled, the screw that holds the adjusting piece to the base is tightened, and immediately the passing nail passes from one side to the other of the plates (51) making these two pieces solid, and resting the piece connection on the adjustment rollers, which guarantees the functionality of the axis, extended one module after another.

Una vez descrita de forma clara la invención, se hace constar que las realizaciones particulares anteriormente descritas son susceptibles de modificaciones de detalle siempre que no alteren el principio fundamental y la esencia de la invención. Once the invention is clearly described, it is noted that the particular embodiments described above are susceptible to detailed modifications provided they do not alter the fundamental principle and essence of the invention.

Claims

1 - Rotating mirror holding device for concentration of solar radiation, applicable to a set of mirrors (7) slightly concave upwards, parallel to each other, of markedly longitudinal geometry, that is, with a length much greater than its width, each of them rotatable around its axis of longitudinal symmetry (10), which in turn is the axis of the physical system with which the mirrors are seated on the pillars (9) which, every certain length, are interlocked in the ground and each one rigidly supports its corresponding clamping device, characterized in that each device comprises a base piece or foot of the support, topped off by a semi-cylindrical adjustment piece with a semicircular section, on which the piece rests connection, which is circular cylindrical, within which the following elements are assembled,

torsion prism of the module prior to the considered support, counting said modules in the sense of their assembly, this prism having a square or rectangular section, with an internal hollow; and the base of the mirror being jointly connected to it by one of the prism faces, which we call the upper face;

torsion prism of the module following the considered support, with characteristics equal to the previous prism, or first prism, and extending in its extension;

diametral plate arranged on both torsion prisms, the upper face of said plate coinciding with the horizontal diameter of the connecting piece, when the torsion prisms are in the reference position, which is the position of keeping the modules facing up mirrors, said diametrical plate having a thickness coincident with that of the base plate or substrate of the mirror at its midpoint:

diametrical symmetrical plate, the same thickness as the diametrical plate, and located on top of it in the reference position; symmetrical prism, with a straight section equal to that of the torsion prisms already mentioned, this symmetric prism located above the diametrical symmetrical plate, in the reference position;

the lengths of the symmetrical prism and the diametrical plates being equal to the length of the connecting piece, with a clearance of plus or minus five percent;

leaving the torsion prisms, plus the diametrical plates, plus the symmetrical prism, inscribed on the inner face of the connecting piece, and joined to it by its vertices, either by welding or by adhesive, depending on the nature of the pieces, selected from metallic, plastic, fiberglass or other fibers and composite materials.

2 -Detaining device for rotating mirrors for concentration of solar radiation, according to the first claim, characterized in that all the pieces inscribed in the connection piece and the connection piece itself are drilled vertically, measured in the reference position , by at least two sets of matching holes, each of said sets of holes being pierced by a pin that crosses from top to bottom, and which is attached at each end to the outer face of the connection piece, by means of a tightening thread with its pressure washer.

3 -Detaining device for rotating mirrors for concentration of solar radiation, according to any of the first and second claims, characterized in that in the upper part of at least one hole at each end, being in a reference position, a counterweight is located on the outer face of the connection piece, said counterweight also being drilled, and gripped by the upper tightening thread of the corresponding pin, which therefore grips on the counterweight, which in turn presses on the outer face of the connection piece; being the mass of the counterweight and the distance from its center of mass to the axis of rotation of the system, which is the axis of the cylinder that constitutes the connecting piece, such that its product equals the product of half the mass of the previous module of mirror, including all the elements suspended with the torsion prism, and the prism itself, multiplying said mass by the perpendicular distance from the center of mass of that determined suspended mass, to the axis of rotation of the system, which coincides with the axis of rotation of the mirror.

4 -Detaining device for rotating mirrors for concentration of solar radiation, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that around the outer face of the connection piece, a ring or strapping fin is attached, integral with the piece itself. connection by welding or adhesive bead.

5 -Detaining device for rotating mirrors for concentration of solar radiation, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection part rests and can rotate on the semicircular part of the adjustment part, which has a transverse groove in the one that houses the ring or strapping fin, said adjusting piece containing rollers with longitudinal axis, on which the connecting piece truly rests on its outer face, said rollers being able to rotate freely as the piece of rotation rotates on them. Connection.

6 -Detaining device for rotating mirrors for concentration of solar radiation, according to previous claims, characterized in that one of the inner vertices of the symmetrical prism is located a tube with a diameter of the order of a millimeter, which constitutes the longitudinal collimation sight glass of axle support devices.

7 -Detaining device for rotating mirrors for concentration of solar radiation, according to previous claims, characterized in that the adjustment part is integral with the base part or support foot, having on one side of its semicircular shape a mechanism for support with rotation around a buion embedded in the base part, and which acts as the axis of the small turn that is made to adjust the height of the adjustment part to the level given by the longitudinal collimation of the axes of the modules; said adjusting part being supported in the base part by the other end, by means of a screwed through rod, which crosses both parts through vertical grooves, the rod being held by its ends when the height produced by the collimation of the axes, witnessed by a laser light beam; complementing the support by means of a dowel nail that is located through the corresponding holes made in the vertical walls of the adjustment piece and the base piece.

8 - Rotating mirror fixing device for concentration of solar radiation, according to any of the preceding claims,

characterized in that the base piece is made of two pairs of legs, the counterweights are located in the center of the connecting piece, clinging to the ring of the strap, and the rollers are located outside the counterweights on each side, using a pin shank to fix the adjusting piece to the base piece, once

5 collimation verified.

9 -Detaining device for rotating mirrors for concentration of solar radiation, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting piece slides, on its turn to follow the sun, on separate fixed raceways at the longitudinal ends of the

10 adjusting piece, which is attached to the base piece by means of a pin rod, without rollers in this variant.

1 O - Rotating mirror fixing device for concentration of solar radiation, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection piece, the counterweight, the symmetrical prism,

The diametrical plates and the two torsion prisms are crossed and gripped by a single central pin rod, without there being a band ring in this variant.

Figure 1

Figure 2

3

Figure 3

Figure 4

I I

I! 11 II

---: ... -'-' ----J.-L--.....--.;-.-1 ... -'- '---- J.-L --.....--.; -.- 1

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

36 40

Figure 8

36

11 11

._._._.-eleven-._.

Figure 9

Figure 10