ES2387799B1 - FIXING THE CARBON DIOXIDE ISSUED TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN POTASSIC CARBONATE. - Google Patents

Abstract

Carbon dioxide fixation that is emitted into the atmosphere in potassium carbonate. The present invention relates to the development of a chemical fixation process of carbon dioxide? CO {sub, 2} -, by conversion to potassium carbonate? K {sub, 2} CO {sub, 3} - from a solution potassium chloride base -KCI- in glycerol medium? C {sub, 3} H {sub, 8} O {sub, 3} - bubbled with carbon dioxide? CO {sub, 2} - and water? H {sub , 2} O- in stoichiometric concentrations so that the reaction balance is adequate. The procedure can be framed in the environmental field, providing a new carbon dioxide sink? CO {sub, 2} environmental. In addition, the by-products generated in the process are of great application, on the one hand potassium carbonate is produced? K {sub, 2} CO {sub, 3} - used in the agricultural sector as foliar fertilizer, and on the other hand hydrochloric acid ? HCI- gas, which can be stored and reused in multiple other applications.

Description

FIXING THE CARBON DIOXIDE ISSUED TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN POTASSIC CARBONATE

5

The present invention relates to the development of a chemical fixation process of carbon dioxide -C02-, by conversion to potassium carbonate -K2C03-from a base solution of potassium chloride -KCI-in glycerol medium.

1st

The pollutants present in the atmosphere come from two different types of emitting sources: natural and anthropogenic.

fifteen

In the first case the presence of pollutants is due to natural causes, while in the second it has its origin in human activities. The primary emissions caused by natural foci come mainly from volcanoes, forest fires and decomposition of organic matter in the soil and in the oceans.

20 25

On the other hand, the main anthropogenic foci of primary emissions are the chimneys of the combustion facilities for heat and electric power generation, the exhaust pipes of the cars and the industrial processes. From where the most common polluting gases emanate; Sulfur oxides -S-, Nitrogen oxides -NOx-, hydrocarbons -CxHy-, carbon monoxide-CO- and carbon dioxide -C02-, among others;

also called primary pollutants.

Some of these produce chemical reactions in the

atmosphere and give rise to secondary pollutants. The

main percussors of secondary pollutants are

5

Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. The compounds

NOx and CxHy massively emitted by the exhaust pipes

of cars react in the atmosphere with the

oxygen in atmospheric stability situations where no

There is dispersion of pollutants. Through the light,

1st

these reactions give rise to complex compounds from the

chemical point of view

Of all the sectors included in the Kyoto Protocol, the

of transport is the most difficult to control emissions

of carbon dioxide -C02-responsible for the change

fifteen

climate, especially in Spain. Since 1990 the dioxide of

Carbon -C02-discharged by commercial and private transport

it has grown eighty-nine percent and constitutes a

quarter of national emissions. The kind of

unsustainable mobility and the predominance of transport by

twenty

road are the main obstacles to lower the

excess carbon dioxide -C02-Spanish, almost thirty

percentage of rates allowed by Kyoto. A

car pours about fourteen tons of dioxide from

carbon -C02-throughout its useful life of more than one hundred thousand

25

   kilometres.

The invention relates to a process for obtaining potassium carbonate -K2C03- and hydrochloric acid -HCI-, from the addition of a base solution of potassium chloride -KCI- in glycerol -C3H80 3-, bubbled with

5 carbon -C02- and water -H20-. The procedure can be framed in different subjects since, in the first place, it offers a solution against environmental pollution due to high concentrations of carbon dioxide -C02-, in addition to producing a by-product such as carbonate

1st potassium -K2C03-used in the agricultural sector as a foliar fertilizer, as well as the storage of hydrochloric acid -HCI- for other multiple applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

During the last decades the Spanish transport model

1 5 has turned in the two most polluting and least effective ways in terms of energy; the road transport of people and goods, and the plane.

Road mobility is responsible for ninety percent of total transport emissions in Spain, 20 followed at a great distance by internal air transfers. Both are the means in which atmospheric discharges have grown the most, although they have also increased in all others except the traditional railway. According to the report 'Transport: the engine of climate change' of

2 5 Greenpeace, since nineteen ninety passengers have doubled and more than tripled freight. Forty-two point seven percent of Spanish energy expenditure is due to this constantly growing sector.

5 The knowledge of the implications that climate change can have generated by human activities has grown in recent years. This knowledge has led to research in the search for options to mitigate its likely impacts.

1o The capture and storage of carbon dioxide is presented as another option in the list of actions to reduce or stabilize the increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. Other options include energy efficiency improvements, change to

fifteen

less carbon-intensive fuels, the use of renewable energy sources, increasing biological sinks, reducing the emissions of other greenhouse gases, etc.

Some industrial sectors have already taken the initiative and 20 begin to apply carbon dioxide removal technologies.

Since September nineteen ninety-six, Norwegian oil companies are injecting carbon dioxide -C02-into an aquifer. The capture and storage of carbon dioxide -C02 -25 is a process that consists of

separating said compound from industrial sources and

energy and transport it to a location where it will be

stored and isolated in the long term. It is a

technology with many issues to be resolved to be

5

viable, both economically and

environmental.

Therefore the present procedure presents a new

progress in the study of different technological processes that

reduce the amount of carbon dioxide -C02-

1st

atmospheric, providing a developable solution in a

space more or less reduced and without the need to

excessively complicated installations.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the present process a method of fixing

fifteen

carbon dioxide -COT by conversion to carbonate

Potassium -K2C03-from a chloride solution

potassium -KCI-. Said salt is taken advantage of by-product

generated in the manufacture of nitric acid -HN03-from

of potassium nitrate -KN03- and hydrochloric acid -HCI-,

twenty

being also much cheaper than the

corresponding carbonate formed. In the development of

process is based on a solution of potassium chloride -KCI-,

this compound is soluble in water at the rate of three hundred

forty-four grams per liter and in ethanol to four

25

   grams per liter In glycerol, the solubility will be intermediate

between these two, being able to be estimated at around one hundred

fifty grams per liter approximately.

If we bubble carbon dioxide -C02-and water -H20-in this solution of potassium chloride -KCI-in glycerol -C3H80 3-in a tank at the bottom, the following reaction will be obtained:

The molar ratio between carbon dioxide -C02- and the

water -H20-must be 1: 1, since if there is more quantity of

1st

Water, he carbonate potassium -K2C03-, compound

Water soluble but insoluble in organic media, will cause

the

separation from the phases organic Y watery, Y be

will focus on the latter. In addition, hydrogen chloride

will tend to pass into the aqueous phase. When bubbling only dioxide

fifteen

from carbon -C02- Y Water -H20- in quantities

stoichiometric

be you will get potassium carbonate -K2C03-,

that precipitates, and hydrochloric acid -HCI-que

is soluble in

glycerol.

Through agitation keep going be will ensure the

homogeneity of the liquid phase and the dioxide reaction of

2nd

carbon -C02- with water -H20-and with potassium chloride -KCI-

by

a part, and on the other than hydrochloric acid -HCI-

formed will not separate in another phase with the incoming water to

system.

He Outcome final be a dissolution from acid

hydrochloric -HCI-in glycerol.

25 This process will be carried out continuously by adding

potassium chloride -KCI-, carbon dioxide -C02- and water -

H20-in the amounts that are necessary for the

carbon dioxide -C02-do not escape without reacting

from the top

5

Because of this, potassium carbonate will precipitate in the

tank bottom while hydrochloric acid -HCI-se

will concentrate on the glycerol solution until reaching the

saturation.

At that time, the hydrochloric acid -HCI-let it go

1st

forming will leave the glycerol solution,

displacing the air near its surface. This gas will be

collected by a gas extraction system

corrosive and stored for later use, also in

Suitable tanks for this type of gases.

fifteen

On the other hand the separation of potassium carbonate -K2C03-

can be done by an automatic closing system

triggered by the simple accumulation of the precipitate in the

container bottom. When said precipitate reaches a

determined volume will trigger the closing device to

twenty

that potassium carbonate can be recovered without

interference from the other products that are intervening

in the process. This way it is not necessary to stop the

process. The reaction of hydrochloric acid -HCI- and glycerol

-C3H80 3-cold is slow, and the level of

25

   dichloropropanoles as well as degradation products

5

formed. Glycerol -C3H80 3-will gradually degrade reaching conditions in which the formation of dichloropropanol will not be controllable therefore glycerin should be substituted since at that time the degree of purity of potassium carbonate -K2COT is compromised.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

1st 1 5

For the best understanding of what is described herein, a scheme is attached in which only by way of example, represents the process: (1) Carbon dioxide inlet duct -C02- and water -H20-. (2) Glycerol solution -C3H80 3-and hydrochloric acid -HCI-. (3) Deposit of potassium carbonate -K2C03-precipitate. (4) Hydrochloric acid accumulation space -HCI-. (5) Specialized system for the extraction and accumulation of hydrochloric acid -HCI-. (6) Recovery of potassium carbonate -K2C03-. (7) Automatic closing system due to accumulation of precipitate.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FORM OF EMBODIMENT

twenty

FAVORITE

25

   The fixation of carbon dioxide -C02-by reaction with potassium chloride -HCI- to produce potassium carbonate -K2C03-is de-arranged; it is bubbling with carbon dioxide -C02- and water -H20- in stoichiometric quantities (1) a solution of potassium chloride dissolved in glyceri-C3H80 3-ya

that said acid has a solubility of one hundred fifty grams per liter in said medium (2). The process is carried out continuously by adding the appropriate amounts of both carbon dioxide -C02- and water -H20- to 5 which, by continuous stirring, ensures the homogeneity of the mixture and therefore the complete reaction of carbon dioxide - C02-. As a product of this reaction, potassium carbonate -K2C03-will precipitate and deposit in the bottom of the container (3), at the same time the hydrochloric acid -HCI-will be concentrated in the solution of glyceri-C3H80 3-until reaching the saturation, from that moment the hydrochloric acid -HCI-formed will be released from the glycerol solution -C3Ha03- and displacing the surface air (4). Said gas will be extracted by a gas absorption system suitable for corrosive gases and stored to be reused in other processes (5). Simultaneously, the carbonate -K2C03-formed will accumulate at the bottom of the tank until the device is closed by pressure

20 containment (7) that allows the precipitate to be isolated from the rest of the container and consequently can be collected without interference from other products (6).

Claims (1)

1.-FIXING THE CARBON DIOXIDE ISSUED TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN POTASSIC CARBONATE, it is a procedure that includes the following stages:

5 1st

-In glycerol -C3H80 3-potassium chloride -KCI- is dissolved. -Bubbed carbon dioxide -C02- and water -H20- in stoichiometric quantities. Potassium chloride -KCI-reacts with carbon dioxide -C02-dissolved in water H20 and glycerol -C3Hs03-, with the following reaction: 2 KCI + C02 + H20 ~ K2C03 + 2 HCI

fifteen

-At the chemical reaction described, potassium carbonate -K2C03-precipitates and hydrochloric acid -HCI- is concentrated in the glycerol solution -C3H80 3-until saturation is reached.

-When the hydrochloric acid -HCI- in glycerol -C3Hs03- is saturated, it is released from the solution in glycerol -C3Hs03-, as a gas.

20 25

-And it is characterized by bubbling carbon dioxide -C02-and water -H20-in stoichiometric amounts in a solution of potassium chloride -KCI-in glyceri-C3H80 3-, to obtain potassium carbonate -K2C03-, which precipitates, and acid hydrochloric -HCI- which is soluble in glycerol -C3H80 3-, as a result of the following chemical reaction:

 2 KCI + C02 + H20 ~ K2C03 + 2 HCI Continuous agitation will ensure homogeneity. of the liquid phase and the carbon dioxide reaction -C02- with water -H20-, with potassium chloride -KCI- on the one hand, and 5 on the other, that the hydrochloric acid -HCI-formed will not be separated in another phase with the water -H20-entering the system. The end result will be a solution of hydrochloric acid -HCI- in glycerol -C3Ha03-. fifteen