ES2373495A1 - Method and system for fixing electrical cables. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Method and system for fixing electrical cables. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2373495A1
ES2373495A1 ES200901390A ES200901390A ES2373495A1 ES 2373495 A1 ES2373495 A1 ES 2373495A1 ES 200901390 A ES200901390 A ES 200901390A ES 200901390 A ES200901390 A ES 200901390A ES 2373495 A1 ES2373495 A1 ES 2373495A1
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Spain
Prior art keywords
cable
cables
tower
fixing
holes
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Granted
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ES200901390A
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Spanish (es)
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ES2373495B2 (en
Inventor
Rodrigo Gallardo Hernández
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation and Technology SL
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Gamesa Innovation and Technology SL
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D11/00—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/36—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

System for fixing electric cables inside a wind turbine tower composed of at least one metallic cable (9) anchored to the tower (1) and one or more intermediate fastening elements (12). At least one cable (9), preferably metal, is provided by means of fastening elements between the top of a flange, the tower (2) and another flange of the same section or of another contiguous section. Once the cable (9) has been adequately tensioned, one or more fastening elements (12) are added, which are arranged transversely, being fixed to the metallic cable (9) by means of the opposed cooperation of a hole (13) and a auxiliary piece (14) both conical. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Método y sistema de fijación de cables eléctricos.Cable fixing method and system electrical

Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention

La invención describe un método para rutar los cables eléctricos por el interior de un aerogenerador, y concretamente el sistema de fijación utilizado en el interior de la torre y dispuesto junto a la escalera interior.The invention describes a method for routing the electrical cables inside a wind turbine, and specifically the fixing system used inside the tower and arranged next to the interior staircase.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

El aerogenerador es un equipo que transforma la energía del viento en energía eléctrica. Con la finalidad de optimizar la captura del viento y permitir el giro de las palas, el equipo generador que integra las palas, la multiplicadora y el generador, se dispone a una cierta altura del suelo, sustentado sobre una torre. La energía eléctrica producida se conduce por el interior de cables eléctricos desde el lugar de generación, el generador situado en el interior de la nacelle, hasta el punto de conexión a la red, dispuesto fuera del aerogenerador. El rutado de los cables por el interior de la torre, desde la nacelle hasta la parte inferior de la torre, representa una complicación para los fabricantes de aerogeneradores ya que se deben de cumplir una serie de requisitos y normativas relacionados con la accesibilidad y seguridad.The wind turbine is a device that transforms the Wind energy in electrical energy. In order to optimize the capture of the wind and allow the rotation of the blades, the generating equipment that integrates the shovels, the multiplier and the generator, is arranged at a certain height of the ground, supported on a tower The electrical energy produced is conducted by the interior of electric cables from the place of generation, the generator located inside the nacelle, to the point of network connection, arranged outside the wind turbine. The routing of the cables inside the tower, from the nacelle to the lower part of the tower, represents a complication for wind turbine manufacturers since a series must be met of requirements and regulations related to accessibility and security.

Actualmente el rutado de los cables eléctricos por el interior de la torre se realiza con una bandeja auxiliar realizada principalmente de material metálico. Estas bandejas están ancladas en el perfil de la torre y dispuestas cerca de la escalera, ya que la normativa exige que los cables deben ser accesibles desde la misma, pero evitando el contacto continuo con ella. Así que los cables se extienden de forma agrupada, a una distancia mínima de la escalera y permitiendo su acceso. Este sistema basado en bandejas auxiliares para el rutado de cables es costoso en material auxiliar y requiere de muchos puntos de anclaje intermedios.Currently routing of electric cables inside the tower is done with an auxiliary tray Made mainly of metallic material. These trays are anchored in the profile of the tower and arranged near the stairs, since the regulations require that the cables must be accessible from the same, but avoiding continuous contact with her. So the cables extend in a grouped way, at a minimum distance from the staircase and allowing access. This tray-based system auxiliary cables routing is expensive in auxiliary material and requires many intermediate anchor points.

Para solucionar este problema se conocen otras soluciones como la propuesta en el patente US 2004094965. La patente presenta una detallada solución para el rutado de cables en el interior de un aerogenerador. Una pluralidad de cables se extiende desde la nacelle hasta el fondo de la torre. Los cables se sujetan con distintas abrazaderas y con posteridad el grupo de abrazaderas se une a la pared de la torre con pletinas atornilladas. Ahora bien, cualquier fijación atornillada o soldada en las virolas intermedias de la torre se penaliza en el diseño ya que puede condicionar la categoría de detalle.To solve this problem, others are known solutions such as the one proposed in US Patent 2004094965. The patent presents a detailed solution for cable routing in the interior of a wind turbine. A plurality of cables extend from the nacelle to the bottom of the tower. The cables are attached with different clamps and with posterity the group of clamps it joins the tower wall with bolted plates. However, any fastening screwed or welded on the intermediate ferrules of the tower is penalized in the design since it can condition the detail category

Con la finalidad de proporcionar un sistema de fijación menos costoso económicamente y más efectivo evitando la cara interna de la torre y las virolas, se presenta la solución descrita y el método seguido para su montaje.In order to provide a system of fixing less expensive economically and more effective avoiding the internal face of the tower and ferrules, the solution is presented described and the method followed for its assembly.

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

Un objeto de la invención es proporcionar un sistema de fijación de cables eléctricos por el interior de la torre sin necesidad de puntos de anclaje intermedios. La fijación se establece entre bridas de la torre.An object of the invention is to provide a electrical cable fixing system inside the tower no need for intermediate anchor points. The fixation is set between tower flanges.

Otro objeto de la invención es la utilización de elementos de sujeción dispuestos a lo largo del sistema de fijación para evitar la oscilación y los movimientos relativos de los cables eléctricos debido a las largas longitudes existentes. Los elementos de sujeción se disponen transversalmente a los cables eléctricos.Another object of the invention is the use of fasteners arranged along the fixing system to avoid oscillation and relative movements of the cables electrical due to the long existing lengths. The elements clamps are arranged transversely to the cables electrical

Otro objeto es la disposición de los cables eléctricos en forma ordenada y separados entre sí, permitiendo un acceso visual y físico al personal de mantenimiento. Los cables se rutarán preferentemente de forma que estén siempre accesibles desde la escalera.Another object is the arrangement of the cables electrical orderly and separated from each other, allowing a visual and physical access to maintenance personnel. The wires are they will preferably route so that they are always accessible from stairs.

Es otro objeto de la invención establecer un método según los sistemas de fijación descritos anteriormente.It is another object of the invention to establish a method according to the fixing systems described above.

La principal ventaja de esta invención es evitar añadir elementos de fijación o soldaduras en las virolas o en la cara interna de la torre.The main advantage of this invention is to avoid add fasteners or welds on the ferrules or on the internal face of the tower.

Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings

Con el fin de documentar gráficamente una realización práctica de la disposición de los cables en el interior de la torre, se acompañan las siguientes figuras:In order to graphically document a practical realization of the arrangement of the cables inside of the tower, the following figures are accompanied:

La figura 1 muestra el interior de una torre al completo y el rutado de cables convencional.Figure 1 shows the inside of a tower at Complete and conventional cable routing.

La figura 2 constituye muestra un mayor detalle del interior de la torre con la escalera y los cables metálicos que forman el sistema de fijación.Figure 2 constitutes shows greater detail inside the tower with the ladder and metal wires that They form the fixing system.

La figura 3 constituye una vista en perspectiva del elemento de sujeción y un detalle de uno de sus extremos.Figure 3 constitutes a perspective view of the clamping element and a detail of one of its ends.

La figura 4 muestra la disposición de los cables eléctricos y los elementos de sujeción integrados en el sistema de fijación.Figure 4 shows the arrangement of the cables electrical and fasteners integrated in the system fixation.

Descripción de una realización preferencialDescription of a preferred embodiment

La torre (1) es un elemento del aerogenerador que eleva el conjunto formado por el generador, multiplicadora y palas para que la generación de electricidad debida a la fuerza del viento sea más efectiva. La multiplicadora, el generador y el eje que los une, se incluyen en la parte superior de la torre (2), mientras que la puerta (4) de acceso al aerogenerador y el armario de control (8) donde se conectan los cables eléctricos (7) se disponen en el suelo en lo que se denomina la base de la torre (3). La torre (1) es hueca y de forma troncocónica, y dispone de una escalera de mano (5) que enlaza la base de la torre (3) con la parte superior (2). Existen una serie de plataformas intermedias (6) que normalmente coinciden con la zona de unión de los sectores que forman la torre (1), ya que las torres están formadas por sectores unidos entre sí. Los cables eléctricos (7) discurren desde la parte superior de la torre (2) hasta la base de la torre (3) y allí se alojan en un armario de control (8). Los cables se descuelgan desde la nacelle hasta que se recogen en un bucle mediante un elemento auxiliar y posteriormente se rutan por la pared. El objeto de la invención se centra en los sistemas de fijación utilizados para el rutado de los cables eléctricos (7) por la pared de la torre. Todo ello tal y como se muestra en la figura 1.The tower (1) is an element of the wind turbine which raises the set formed by the generator, multiplier and shovels so that the generation of electricity due to the force of wind be more effective. The multiplier, the generator and the shaft that unites them, they are included in the upper part of the tower (2), while the access door (4) to the wind turbine and the closet control (8) where the electrical wires are connected (7) are they have on the ground in what is called the base of the tower (3). The tower (1) is hollow and truncated, and has a ladder (5) that links the base of the tower (3) with the part upper (2). There are a number of intermediate platforms (6) that normally they coincide with the zone of union of the sectors that they form the tower (1), since the towers are formed by sectors joined together. The electric cables (7) run from the part top of the tower (2) to the base of the tower (3) and there it They are housed in a control cabinet (8). The cables are disconnected from the nacelle until they are collected in a loop by an element auxiliary and subsequently routed through the wall. The object of the invention focuses on the fixing systems used for the routing of the electric cables (7) through the tower wall. All this as shown in figure 1.

La invención consta de dos elementos principales. Por una parte se tiene al menos un cable (9), preferentemente metálico, fijado a la pared de la torre (1) y extendidos desde un punto superior coincidente con una brida (10) hasta otro punto inferior coincidente con otra brida (10). Por otra parte se tiene al menos un elemento de sujeción.The invention consists of two elements main. On the one hand you have at least one cable (9), preferably metallic, fixed to the tower wall (1) and extended from a top point coinciding with a flange (10) to another lower point coinciding with another flange (10). For other part has at least one fastener.

En la figura 2 y según la realización práctica que nos ocupa, se muestran dos cables metálicos (9) dispuestos junto a la escalera (5). Estos cables metálicos (9) están formados por varios alambres trenzados y tienen una cierta rugosidad en las paredes. Una vez fijados, según esta realización mediante orejetas (11), se tensan adecuadamente, no disponiendo de otros puntos de fijación intermedios entre bridas (10). La distancia en anchura entre los cables viene en función del número de cables eléctricos que se desee rutar.In figure 2 and according to the practical embodiment which concerns us, two metallic cables (9) are shown together to the stairs (5). These metallic cables (9) are formed by several stranded wires and have a certain roughness in the walls. Once fixed, according to this embodiment by lugs (11), they are properly tensioned, not having other points of intermediate fixing between flanges (10). The distance in width between the cables comes depending on the number of electrical cables You want to route.

En la figura 3 se muestran los elementos de sujeción (12). Dicho elemento está formado por un cuerpo alargado con al menos un orificio cónico (13) en sus extremos. Según la realización práctica serán dos los orificios cónicos existentes. En el detalle mostrado en la figura anexa se aprecia el funcionamiento de estos agujeros cónicos (13) junto con la pieza auxiliar (14) que se fija alrededor del cable metálico (9). La pieza auxiliar (14) en forma de cono está realizada de material polimérico y tiene una abertura longitudinal que permite abrirlo y disponerlo sobre el cable (9). La propia rugosidad del cable y la inclinación del cono que genera una fuerza hacia el interior, afianza el cono contra el cable. Es un cierre unidireccional ya que sólo funciona en un sentido.Figure 3 shows the elements of support (12). Said element is formed by an elongated body with at least one conical hole (13) at its ends. According to practical realization will be two existing conical holes. In the detail shown in the attached figure shows the operation of these conical holes (13) together with the auxiliary part (14) that it is fixed around the metal cable (9). The auxiliary part (14) in Cone shape is made of polymeric material and has a longitudinal opening that allows it to be opened and arranged on the cable (9). The roughness of the cable itself and the inclination of the cone which generates an inward force, strengthens the cone against the cable. It is a unidirectional closure since it only works in a sense.

Una vez que se ha completado el montaje de los sectores de la torre, el peso del propio elemento de sujeción (12) unido al peso de la fijación de los cables eléctricos (7) también afianza la fijación del conjunto impidiendo su desplazamiento hacia abajo. El elemento de sujeción (12) dispone de orificios (15) por donde atraviesan los cables eléctricos (7). Para acceder al interior del orificio hay medios de apertura y cierre (no mostrados en el dibujo). Existirán tantos orificios (15) como cables eléctricos (7) se quieran rutar. Con esta disposición los cables quedaran convenientemente separados entre ellos para facilitar su manipulación en mantenimiento y reparación.Once the assembly of the sectors of the tower, the weight of the clamping element itself (12) together with the weight of the fixing of the electric cables (7) also strengthens the fixation of the set preventing its movement towards down. The fastener (12) has holes (15) by where they pass through the electric cables (7). To access inside of the opening there are opening and closing means (not shown in the He drew). There will be as many holes (15) as electric wires (7) They want to route. With this arrangement the cables will remain conveniently separated from each other to facilitate your Maintenance and repair handling.

Tal y como se muestra en la figura 4, el número de elementos de fijación (12) usados vendrá un función de la distancia a cubrir y de la normativa vigente de cada país. Por ejemplo, la normativa para España solicita un anclaje por cada metro y medio de distancia. De esta forma, cada elemento de fijación (12) sustituye a una de las antiguas bandejas auxiliares ancladas al interior de la torre.As shown in Figure 4, the number of fasteners (12) used will come a function of the distance to cover and the current regulations of each country. By For example, the regulations for Spain request an anchor for each meter and a half away. In this way, each fixing element (12) replaces one of the old auxiliary trays anchored to the tower interior.

El método de montaje se describe a continuación:The mounting method is described to continuation:

Primero se fija el cable (9) entre virolas y se tensa hasta su tensión de trabajo. Seguidamente se disponen las piezas auxiliares (14) sobre el cable (9) abriendo la pieza auxiliar según su eje. Se afianza la fijación presionando el orificio cónico (13) del elemento de fijación (12) sobre la pieza auxiliar (14). Esta operación puede realizarse mediante un ligero golpe manual.First the cable (9) is fixed between ferrules and Tense up to your work tension. Then the auxiliary parts (14) on the cable (9) opening the auxiliary part according to its axis. Fixation is secured by pressing the conical hole (13) of the fixing element (12) on the auxiliary part (14). This operation can be performed by a light manual punch.

Para realizar el rutado, se atraviesan los cables eléctricos (7) por el interior de los orificios (15) existentes en el elementos de sujeción (12) procediendo a la apertura y cierre de los elementos que permiten el acceso a los orificios (15).To perform the routing, the electrical cables (7) inside the holes (15) existing in the fasteners (12) proceeding to the opening and closing of the elements that allow access to holes (15).

Claims (5)

1. Sistema de fijación de cables eléctricos que se extienden por el interior de la torre (1) desde la parte superior (2) hasta la base (3) de la misma, caracterizado porque comprende al menos un cable (9) anclado entre bridas, sin fijación intermedia, junto al cual discurren los cables eléctricos (7) atravesando varios orificios (15) de un elemento de sujeción (12) dispuesto perpendicularmente a la dirección de los cables y que coopera de forma contrapuesta con un elemento cónico.1. System for fixing electrical cables that extend inside the tower (1) from the top (2) to the base (3) of the same, characterized in that it comprises at least one cable (9) anchored between flanges , without intermediate fixing, next to which the electric cables (7) run through several holes (15) of a clamping element (12) arranged perpendicularly to the direction of the cables and cooperating in a opposed way with a conical element. 2. Sistema de fijación según reivindicación primera, caracterizado porque el elemento de sujeción (12) está formado por un cuerpo alargado con al menos un orificio cónico (13) en uno de sus extremos por donde se introduce una pieza auxiliar (14) también cónica que se fija alrededor del cable (9) y está formado por una serie de orificios (15) accesibles.2. Fixing system according to claim one, characterized in that the clamping element (12) is formed by an elongated body with at least one conical hole (13) at one of its ends through which an auxiliary part (14) also conical is introduced which is fixed around the cable (9) and is formed by a series of accessible holes (15). 3. Sistema de fijación según reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque los cables eléctricos (7) están rutados a una distancia entre sí que viene fijada por los orificios (15) y a una distancia de la escalera que viene dada por la disposición del cable (9).3. Fixing system according to previous claims, characterized in that the electric cables (7) are routed at a distance from each other that is fixed by the holes (15) and at a distance from the ladder that is given by the cable arrangement (9) . 4. Sistema de fijación según la reivindicación primera, caracterizado porque los cables (9) se anclan mediante orejetas a las bridas, son preferiblemente metálicos, e incorporan un tensor.4. Fixing system according to claim one, characterized in that the cables (9) are anchored by means of lugs to the flanges, are preferably metallic, and incorporate a tensioner. 5. Método de fijación de cables eléctricos caracterizado porque comprende las siguientes etapas:5. Method of fixing electrical cables characterized in that it comprises the following stages: - Se fija el cable (9) y se tensa.- The cable (9) is fixed and tensioned. - Se disponen las piezas auxiliares (14) sobre el cable (9).- The auxiliary parts (14) are arranged on the cable (9). - Se desplaza el elemento de sujeción (12) hasta que el orificio cónico (13) del elemento de fijación (12) se afianza sobre la pieza auxiliar (14).- The clamping element (12) is moved to that the conical hole (13) of the fixing element (12) is secured on the auxiliary part (14). - Se fija la unión con una presión manual.- The joint is fixed with a manual pressure. - Se atraviesan los cables eléctricos (7) por el interior de los orificios (15) existentes en el elementos de sujeción (12).- The electric cables (7) are passed through the inside the holes (15) existing in the elements of support (12).
ES200901390A 2009-06-09 2009-06-09 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FIXING ELECTRIC CABLES. Expired - Fee Related ES2373495B2 (en)

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ES2373495B2 ES2373495B2 (en) 2012-09-25

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2762723A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-06 Nordex Energy GmbH Tower for a wind energy facility
CN113023506A (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-25 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 High wind power tower cylinder structure of security
WO2022128038A1 (en) * 2020-12-16 2022-06-23 Leicon Aps Cable protection system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103711654B (en) * 2013-12-23 2016-07-06 江苏海力风电设备科技有限公司 A kind of tower is internally integrated girder device and installation method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000036724A2 (en) * 1998-12-17 2000-06-22 Dan-Control Engineering A/S Wind mill with a suspension for cables and the like, such suspension for cables and the like and a holder for such suspension
US20030147753A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-07 Borge Ollgaard Wind turbine tower suspension means
JP2006246549A (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-09-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of laying cable for wind energy conversion system, and cable laying device, and wind energy conversion system using it
ES2283192A1 (en) * 2005-09-16 2007-10-16 GAMESA INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY, S.L. Method of mounting elements inside a wind generator tower

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000036724A2 (en) * 1998-12-17 2000-06-22 Dan-Control Engineering A/S Wind mill with a suspension for cables and the like, such suspension for cables and the like and a holder for such suspension
US20030147753A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-07 Borge Ollgaard Wind turbine tower suspension means
JP2006246549A (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-09-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of laying cable for wind energy conversion system, and cable laying device, and wind energy conversion system using it
ES2283192A1 (en) * 2005-09-16 2007-10-16 GAMESA INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY, S.L. Method of mounting elements inside a wind generator tower

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2762723A1 (en) * 2013-01-31 2014-08-06 Nordex Energy GmbH Tower for a wind energy facility
WO2022128038A1 (en) * 2020-12-16 2022-06-23 Leicon Aps Cable protection system
CN113023506A (en) * 2021-03-10 2021-06-25 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 High wind power tower cylinder structure of security

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